‘Ondergrond’ can be tricky to translate as it can have many meanings, such as:

Dutch

English

  • hard standing
  • hard subsurface[1]
  • hard substrate[2]
  • hard surface
  • hard ground[3]
  • hard substratum
  • hard subsoil[4]

References

  1. ↑ subsurface = The stratum or strata below the earth's surface.
  2. ↑ substrate = An underlying substance or layer.
  3. ↑ ground = The solid surface of the earth.
  4. ↑ subsoil = The soil lying immediately under the surface soil.
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