View source for GEMET Thesaurus 4.0 (‘General Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus’)(EEA)

 '''Archived at''': https://termhotel.com/archives/goldendict/ (.dsl files can be used in [[GoldenDict]])
 
 '''Please note''': The version below (4.0) is slightly older than the latest version 4.2.0 available from https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/themes/
 '''Size''': 5,374 Dutch-English terms, with definitions
 '''Creator''': The European Environment Agency

 #NAME "GEMET_Thesaurus_4.0_nl-en.dsl"
 #INDEX_LANGUAGE "Dutch"
 #CONTENTS_LANGUAGE "English"
 
 aaltjes
 	English: nematode
 	English definition: A group of unsegmented worms which have been variously recognized as an order, class, and phylum.  (Source: MGH)
 
 aanbeveling
 	English: recommendation
 	English definition: Recommendation refers to an action which is advisory in nature rather than one having any binding effect.
 
 aanbod
 	English: supply (trade)
 	English definition: The willingness and ability to sell a range of quantities of a good at a range of prices, during a given time period. Supply is one half of the market exchange process; the other is demand. (Source: AMOS2)
 
 aandeel in de opbrengst
 	English: royalty
 	English definition: Compensation for the use of a person's property, based on an agreed percentage of the income arising from its use.
 
 aandoening die met het milieu te maken heeft
 	English: environmentally related disease
 
 aangelegd afvoerwateringssysteem
 	English: built drainage system
 	English definition: Collection of open and/or closed drains, together with structures and pumps used to collect and dispose of excess surface or subsurface water.  (Source: LANDY)
 
 aangifte
 	English: notification
 	English definition: Information concerning a fact, actually communicated to a person by an authorized person. (Source: BLACK)
 
 aangroei
 	English: fouling growth
 	English definition: The adhesion of different marine organisms to the underwater parts of ships, causing the ships to loose speed. (Source: MGH)
 
 aanhoudend geluid
 	English: steady noise
 	English definition: Unceasing prolonged noise, without interruption. (Source: CED)
 
 aankondiging
 	English: advertisement
 	English definition: The action of drawing public attention to goods, services or events, often through paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, television or radio. (Source: C / RHW)
 
 aanleg van verkeersroutes
 	English: traffic route construction
 
 aanpassingsperiode
 	English: adaptation period
 
 aansprakelijkheid
 	English: liability
 	English definition: Subjection to a legal obligation. Liability is civil or criminal according to whether it is enforced by the civil or criminal courts. (Source: JCU)
 
 aansprakelijkheid van de producent
 	English: producer liability
 	English definition: Obligations, responsibilities or debts imposed upon all members of an industry that manufactures or produces a product or service causing injury or harm to a consumer and apportioned according to each member's share of the market for the product. (Source: BLD)
 
 aansprakelijkheid voor milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution liability
 	English definition: Liability for injuries arising from the release of hazardous substances or pollutants or contaminants. (Source: LEE)
 
 aansprakelijkheid voor nucleaire schade
 	English: liability for nuclear damages
 	English definition: Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment during the production, use or transport of radioactive materials used as an energy source or in weaponry. (Source: BLD / MHD)
 
 aansprakelijkheid voor zee-ongevallen
 	English: liability for marine accidents
 	English definition: Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment in the course of commercial or recreational activity in, on or near a sea. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 aansprakelijkheidswetgeving
 	English: liability legislation
 	English definition: A law or body of laws enacted that pertains to or establishes an obligation, debt or responsibility for loss, penalty, evil, expense or burden. (Source: BLD / ISEP)
 
 aantal uren zonneschijn
 	English: duration of sunshine
 	English definition: Period of the day during which the sun is shining.  (Source: RAMADE)
 
 aantasting van de ozonlaag
 	English: ozone layer depletion
 	English definition: The fragile shield of ozone is been damaged by chemicals released on earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons which are used in refrigerators, aerosols, and as cleaners in many industries, and halons, which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. Over the past 30 years ozone levels over parts of Antarctica have dropped by almost 40% during some months and a 'hole' in ozone concentrations is clearly visible in satellite observations. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 aantoonbaarheid
 	English: demonstrability
 
 aantrekkelijke kant van waterrecreatie
 	English: aquatic recreational amenity
 
 aanvangstraining
 	English: initial training
 	English definition: Any education, instruction or discipline occurring at the beginning of an activity, task, occupation or life span. (Source: RHW)
 
 aanvullende overeenkomst van Brussel
 	English: Brussels additional agreement
 
 aanvullende verpakking
 	English: additional packaging
 	English definition: Additional packaging around the normal sales packaging. For example as protection against theft or for the purpose of advertising; the customer may leave the additional packaging in the shop for waste collection. (Source: RRDA)
 
 aardbeving
 	English: earthquake
 	English definition: The violent shaking of the ground produced by deep seismic waves, beneath the epicentre, generated by a sudden decrease or release in a volume of rock of elastic strain accumulated over a long time in regions of seismic activity (tectonic earthquake). The magnitude of an earthquake is represented by the Richter scale; the intensity by the Mercalli scale. (Source: GUNN)
 
 aardewerk
 	English: ceramics
 	English definition: The art and techniques of producing articles of clay, porcelain, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 aardewerkindustrie
 	English: ceramics industry
 	English definition: Manufacturing plant producing ceramic items. (Source: LEE)
 
 aardgas
 	English: natural gas
 	English definition: A natural fuel containing methane and hydrocarbons that occurs in certain geologic formations. (Source: LANDY)
 
 aardgasexploratie
 	English: natural gas exploration
 	English definition: Underground prospection conducted with various methods to discover natural gas deposits which are usually found in the immediate vicinity of crude petroleum. (Source: ZINZAN /  PARCOR)
 
 aardgaswinning
 	English: natural gas extraction
 	English definition: The tapping of natural gas from wells located under the sea and in general from underground sources often in association with petroleum deposits; it is used as a fuel, having largely replaced coal-gas for this purpose, and as a source of intermediates for organic synthesis. (Source: GRAHAWa /  UVAROVa /  GILP96a)
 
 aardkorst
 	English: earth's crust
 	English definition: The outer layers of the Earth's structure, varying between 6 and 48 km in thickness, and comprising all the material above the Mohorovicic Discontinuity (a seismic discontinuity occurring between the crust of the earth and the underlying mantle; the discontinuity occurs at an average depth of 35 km below the continents and at about 10 km below the oceans). The earlier idea of a cool solid skin overlaying a hot molten interior has now been replaced by a concept of a crust composed of two shells: an inner basic unit composed of sima (oceanic crust) and an outer granitic unit composed of sial (continental crust). (Source: WHIT)
 
 aardolie; ruwe aardolie
 	English: petroleum
 	English definition: A comparatively volatile liquid bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbon, with traces of sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen compounds; can be removed from the earth in a liquid state. (Source: MGH)
 
 aardolie-exploratie
 	English: oil exploration
 
 aardolie-geologie
 	English: petroleum geology
 	English definition: The branch of economic geology that relates to the origin, migration and accumulation of oil and gas, and to the discovery of commercial deposits. Its practice involves the application of geochemistry, geophysics, paleontology, structural geology and stratigraphy to the problems of finding hydrocarbons. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 aardolie-industrie
 	English: petroleum industry
 	English definition: Manufacturing industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding, and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. (Source: PZ)
 
 aardolieramp
 	English: oil disaster
 	English definition: The disaster caused by the dumping and accidental spillage of oil into waterways from ships and land-based or offshore installations. Oil pollution may destroy or damage aquatic life and wildlife such as birds, contaminate water supplies and create fire hazards. (Source: GILP96)
 
 aardolieverbruik
 	English: petroleum consumption
 	English definition: Petroleum belongs to non-renewable energy sources; it is a complex substance derived from the carbonized remains of trees, ferns, mosses, and other types of vegetable matter. The principal chemical constituents of oil are carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur. The various fuels made from crude oil are jet fuel, gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, and heavy fuel oils. Major oil consumption is in the following areas: transportation, residential-commercial, industrial and for generating electric power. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 aardoliewinning
 	English: oil extraction
 	English definition: Recovery of oil by surface mining, as in tar sands or oil shales, or from tunnels in a shallow reservoir. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 aardrijkskunde, geografie
 	English: geography
 
 aardverschuiving
 	English: landslide
 	English definition: Mass-movement landforms and processes involving the downslope transport, under gravitationary influence of soil and rock material en masse. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 aardwetenschappen
 	English: earth science
 	English definition: The science that deals with the earth or any part thereof; includes the disciplines of geology, geography, oceanography and meteorology, among others. (Source: MGH)
 
 abiotische factor
 	English: abiotic factor
 	English definition: Physical, chemical and other non-living environmental factors. They are essential for living plants and animals of an ecosystem, providing the essential elements and nutrients that are necessary for growth. The abiotic elements also include the climatic and pedologic components of the ecosystem. (Source: LBC /  WRIGHT)
 
 abiotische omgeving
 	English: abiotic environment
 	English definition: The non-living components of the environment (rocks, minerals, soil, water and climate). (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 absorptie (blootstelling)
 	English: absorption (exposure)
 	English definition: The taking in of fluids or other substances by cells or tissues. (Source: LANDY)
 
 academisch
 	English: academic
 
 accu
 	English: accumulator
 	English definition: A rechargeable device for storing electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, consisting of one or more separate secondary cells. (Source: CED)
 
 achtergrondgeluid
 	English: background noise
 	English definition: Noise coming from source other than the noise source being monitored. (Source: KOREN)
 
 achtergrondniveau
 	English: background level
 	English definition: Term used in a variety of situations, always as the constant or natural amount of a given substance, radiation, noise, etc. (Source: KORENa)
 
 achtergrondstraling
 	English: background radiation
 	English definition: Radiation resulting from natural sources, as opposed to man-made sources, and to which people are exposed in everyday, normal life; for example from rocks and soil. (Source: WRIGHT /  MGH)
 
 achteruitgang van het bos
 	English: forest deterioration
 	English definition: Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. (Source: WPR)
 
 achteruitgang van het ecosysteem
 	English: ecosystem degradation
 	English definition: Degradation or destruction of large natural environments. When one ecosystem is under attack as a result of natural or man-made disaster it is extremely difficult to calculate the ripple effects throughout nature. When two or more ecosystems are being degraded the probabilities of synergistic destructiveness multiply. Ecosystems in many regions are threatened, despite their biological richness and their promise of material benefits. (Source: WPR)
 
 actie
 	English: action
 	English definition: The process of doing or an act or performance that has been carried out; a legal proceeding brought by one party against another. (Source: RHW)
 
 actief slib
 	English: activated sludge
 	English definition: Sludge that has been aerated and subjected to bacterial action; used to speed breakdown of organism matter in raw sewage during secondary waste treatment. (Source: LANDY)
 
 actiegroep
 	English: action group
 	English definition: A collection of persons united to address specific sociopolitical or socioeconomic concerns. (Source: RHW)
 
 acties
 	English: acts
 
 actieve kool
 	English: activated carbon
 	English definition: A powdered, granular or pelleted form of amorphous carbon characterized by a very large surface area per unit volume because of an enormous number of fine pores. (Source: LANDY)
 
 actieve populatie
 	English: active population
 	English definition: The number of people available and eligible for employment within a given enterprise, region or nation. (Source: ODE)
 
 actinide
 	English: actinide
 	English definition: A group of 15 radioactive elements some of which occur naturally while others are produced in nuclear reactions. They include plutonium, americium and neptunium. The health hazard presented by the actinides, if they are released into the environment, comes from the potency of their radioactive characteristics. They are alpha-emitters, and therefore can cause intense localized damage in tissues if absorbed into the body. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 actinium
 	English: actinium
 	English definition: A radioactive element of the actinide series, occurring as a decay product of uranium. It is used as an alpha particle source and in neutron production. (Source: CED)
 
 additief
 	English: additive
 	English definition: Substances mixed in small quantities with another product to modify its chemical or physical state. Additives are used to make food look visually more attractive, in the case of colouring agents, as well as to preserve and extend the life of the product. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 ademhaling
 	English: respiration
 	English definition: The process in living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide. (Source: CED)
 
 ademhalingskanaal
 	English: respiratory tract
 	English definition: The structures and passages involved with intake, expulsion, and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the vertebrate body. (Source: MGH)
 
 ademhalingsstelsel
 	English: respiratory system
 	English definition: The structures and passages involved with the intake, expulsion and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the vertebrate body. (Source: MGH)
 
 ademhalingsziekte
 	English: respiratory disease
 
 administratief beroep
 	English: administrative occupation
 
 administratief recht
 	English: administrative law
 	English definition: Body of law created by administrative agencies in the form of rules, regulations, orders and decisions to carry out regulatory powers and duties of such agencies. (Source: BLACK)
 
 administratief rechtsgebied
 	English: administrative jurisdiction
 	English definition: The extent, power or territory in which an office with executive or managerial authority administers justice or declares judgments. (Source: RHW / BLD)
 
 administratieve akte
 	English: administrative deed
 	English definition: Any formal and legitimate step taken or decision made on matters of policy by a chief or other top-level officer within an organization. (Source: DAM)
 
 administratieve instructie
 	English: administrative instructions
 	English definition: Education in the theories and practices of managing an office, business or organization. (Source: RHW)
 
 administratieve organisatie
 	English: administrative organisation
 
 administratieve procedure
 	English: administrative procedure
 
 administratieve rechter
 	English: administrative court (administration)
 	English definition: An independent, specialized judicial tribunal in which judges or officials are authorized by a government agency to conduct hearings and render decisions in proceedings between the government agency and the persons, businesses or other organizations that it regulates. (Source: BLD)
 
 administratieve sanctie
 	English: administrative sanction
 	English definition: Generally, any formal official imposition of penalty or fine; destruction, taking, seizure, or withholding of property; assessment of damages, reimbursement, restitution, compensation, costs, charges or fees; requirement, revocation or suspension of license; and taking other compulsory or restrictive action by organization, agency or its representative.
 
 adsorptie
 	English: adsorption
 	English definition: The physical or chemical bonding of molecules of gas, liquid or a dissolved substance to the external surface of a solid or the internal surface, if the material is porous, in a very thin layer. (Source: ALL)
 
 advies
 	English: consultancy
 	English definition: The position or practice of a qualified person paid for advice or services. (Source: OED)
 
 aerobe behandeling
 	English: aerobic treatment
 	English definition: The introduction of air into sewage so as to provide aerobic biochemical stabilization during a detention period. (Source: KOREN)
 
 aerobe voorwaarden
 	English: aerobic condition
 	English definition: Life common to the majority of animal and plants species requiring the presence of oxygen. (Source: LAROUSa)
 
 aerobiologie
 	English: aerobiology
 	English definition: The study of the atmospheric dispersal of airborne fungus spores, pollen grains, and microorganisms; and, more broadly, of airborne propagules of algae and protozoans, minute insects such as aphids, and pollution gases and particles which exert specific biologic effects. (Source: MGH)
 
 aerodynamisch geluid
 	English: aerodynamic noise
 	English definition: Acoustic noise caused by turbulent airflow over the surface of a body. (Source: MGH)
 
 aeroob proces
 	English: aerobic process
 	English definition: A process requiring the presence of oxygen. (Source: MGH)
 
 aerosol
 	English: aerosol
 	English definition: A gaseous suspension of ultramicroscopic particles of a liquid or a solid. (Source: MGH)
 
 afbakeningsprocedure
 	English: scoping procedure
 	English definition: The prescribed step or manner of proceeding in an environmental impact assessment, by which a public discussion is held to discuss the information that needs to be developed, the alternatives that need to be considered and other important environmental issues. (Source: ERG)
 
 afbraak
 	English: decomposition
 	English definition: The more or less permanent breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms. (Source: MGH)
 
 afbraak
 	English: degradation
 	English definition: A type of organic chemical reaction in which a compound is converted into a simpler compound in stages. (Source: ALL2)
 
 afbraak onder invloed van licht
 	English: photodegradation
 	English definition: The capability of being decomposed by prolonged exposure to light. (Source: CEDa)
 
 afbraak van gebouwen
 	English: building destruction
 	English definition: The tearing down of buildings by mechanical means. (Source: MGHa)
 
 afbraak van stratosferische ozon
 	English: stratospheric ozone depletion
 	English definition: Damage of the ozone shield by chemicals released on Earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are used in refrigerators, aerosols, and as cleaners in many industries, and halons which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 afbraak van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant degradation
 	English definition: The physical, chemical or biological breakdown of a complex polluting material into simpler components. (Source: FFD)
 
 afbraakproduct
 	English: degradation product
 	English definition: Those chemicals resulting from partial decomposition or chemical breakdown of substances. (Source: LEE)
 
 afbreekbaarheid
 	English: degradability
 	English definition: The capacity of being decomposed chemically or biologically. (Source: CED)
 
 afdekking [actie]
 	English: covering
 
 afdekking van een afvalstortplaats
 	English: landfill covering
 	English definition: The protective shielding, consisting of soil or some other material, that encloses disposal sites for compacted, non-hazardous solid waste, or secures disposal sites for hazardous waste to minimize the chance of releasing hazardous substances into the environment. (Source: TOE)
 
 afdekstro
 	English: litter
 	English definition: Straw, hay or similar material used as bedding by animals. (Source: CED)
 
 affakkelen
 	English: flaring
 	English definition: 1) Flares use open flames during normal and/or emergency operations to combust hazardous gaseous. The system has no special features to control temperature or time of combustion; however, supplemental fuel may be required to sustain the combustion. Historically, flares have been used to dispose of waste gases in the oil and gas industry and at wastewater treatment plants having anaerobic digestors. Regulation for thermal destruction of hazardous wastes limit the practical use of flaring to combustion of relatively simple hydrocarbons, such as methane from digesters or landfill gas collection systems. 2) A control device that burns hazardous materials to prevent their release into the environment; may operate continuously or intermittently, usually on top a stack. (Source: CORBIT /  EPAGLO)
 
 afgedankt geneeskrachtig medicijn
 	English: discarded medicinal drug
 
 afgegraven grond
 	English: excavation heap
 	English definition: Residue in form of a heap, consisting of earth or other material, produced by excavation.
 
 afgesloten natuurgebied
 	English: central park area
 	English definition: The core area of a park or of a reserve where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 afgevaardigd beheer
 	English: delegated management
 	English definition: The process of assigning or transferring authority, decision making or a specific administrative function from one entity to another. (Source: OED)
 
 afgevaardigde van een fabriek
 	English: plant delegate
 	English definition: A person authorized to act on behalf of workers or managers of a company, such as at business conventions or at meetings involving labor relations. (Source: RHW)
 
 afgifte gemuteerde micro-organismen
 	English: mutated micro-organisms release
 	English definition: The release of mutated micro-organisms creates the risk that they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce from such an engineered microorganism, a form with hazardous consequences for the environment. (Source: WPR)
 
 afgraven
 	English: excavation (process)
 	English definition: The removal of earth from its natural position. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 afgraving
 	English: excavated hole
 	English definition: A pit, cavity, or other uncovered cutting produced by excavation. (Source: BJGEOa)
 
 afgravingplaats
 	English: excavation site
 	English definition: The location chosen for an excavation, meaning the act or process of removing soil and/or rock materials by digging, blasting, breaking, loading either at the surface or underground. (Source: BJGEOa)
 
 afgravingskant
 	English: excavation side
 	English definition: Sloping surface of an excavation. (Source: RRDA)
 
 afname
 	English: decrease
 
 Afrika
 	English: Africa
 	English definition: The second largest of the continents, on the Mediterranean in the north, the Atlantic in the west, and the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Indian Ocean in the east. The Sahara desert divides the continent unequally into North Africa and Africa south of Sahara. The largest lake is Lake Victoria and the chief rivers are the Nile, Niger, Congo, and Zambezi. The hottest continent, Africa has vast mineral resources, many of which are still undeveloped. (Source: CED /  AMHER)
 
 afscheider; scheider
 	English: separator
 	English definition: A machine for separating materials of different specific gravity by means of water or air. (Source: MGH)
 
 afscheiding in water
 	English: emission to water
 	English definition: The discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous pollutants or contaminants into a body of water. (Source: WWC)
 
 afschermen
 	English: screening
 	English definition: The reduction of the electric field about a nucleus by the space charge of the surrounding electrons. (Source: MGH)
 
 afschrijven
 	English: write-off
 	English definition: Accounting procedure that is used when an asset is uncollectible and is therefore charged-off as a loss. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 afschrikking
 	English: deterrence
 	English definition: Punishment aiming at deterring the criminal from repeating his offences or deterring others from committing similar acts. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 afschrikmiddel
 	English: deterrent
 	English definition: Any measure, implement or policy designed to discourage or restrain the actions or advance of another agent, organization or state. (Source: RHW)
 
 afsluiting van de onderlaag van een afvalstortplaats
 	English: landfill base sealing
 	English definition: Sealing of a landfill with a relatively impermeable barrier designed to keep leachate inside. Liner materials include plastic and dense clay. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 afsmelting van een reactorkern
 	English: core meltdown
 	English definition: An accidental overheating of the part of the nuclear reactor where fission takes place, causing fuel elements and other parts of the reactor to melt, potentially leading to catastrophic consequences in which dangerous levels of radioactive materials would be released into the environment. (Source: FFD)
 
 afsnijden van waterplantengroei
 	English: water weed cutting
 	English definition: Cutting down by scythe or machine at intervals the vegetation growth and grasses on banks and berms of irrigation and drainage channels or cropped areas. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 afspoelen
 	English: rinsing
 	English definition: The removal of thin layers of surface material more or less evenly from an extensive area of gently sloping land, by broad continuous sheets of running water rather than by streams flowing in well-defined channels; e.g. erosion that occurs when rain washes away a thin layer of topsoil. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 afstandsverwarming
 	English: teleheating
 	English definition: The supply of heat, either in the form of steam or hot water, from a central source to a group of buildings. (Source: MGH)
 
 afsterving
 	English: necrosis
 	English definition: The pathologic death of living tissue in a plant or animal.
 
 aftappen van ondergronds water
 	English: exploitation of underground water
 	English definition: The process of extracting underground water from a source. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 afvaardiging
 	English: delegation
 	English definition: A person or group chosen to represent another or others. (Source: CED)
 
 afval
 	English: waste
 
 afval afkomstig van de gezondheidssector
 	English: health-care activities waste
 
 afval van gewassen
 	English: crop waste
 	English definition: Any unusable portion of plant matter left in a field after harvest. (Source: CNI)
 
 afval van strooiapparaat
 	English: refuse shredder
 	English definition: A machine used to break up refuse material into smaller pieces by tearing and/or impact. (Source: PORT)
 
 afvalanalyse
 	English: waste analysis
 	English definition: An investigation carried out to decide what arrangements are appropriate for dealing with different kinds of wastes. (Source: PORTa)
 
 afvalbak
 	English: waste bin
 	English definition: A container for litter, rubbish, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 afvalbalans
 	English: waste balance
 	English definition: The inventory of all waste produced or recovered during a certain time period, classified by type and quantity. (Source: DOG)
 
 afvalbeheer
 	English: waste management
 	English definition: The total supervision of waste production, handling, processing, storage, and transport from its point of generation to its final acceptable disposal. (Source: HMD / ISEP)
 
 afvalbeperking
 	English: waste minimisation
 	English definition: Measures or techniques, including plans and directives, that reduce the amount of wastes generated. Examples of waste minimisation are environmentally-sound recycling and source reduction practices. (Source: TOE /  DEE)
 
 afvalbeperking
 	English: waste reduction
 	English definition: Practices that reduce the amount of waste generated by a specific source through the redesigning of products or patterns of production or consumption. (Source: TOE)
 
 afvalcategorie
 	English: type of waste
 	English definition: A grouping by type of unusable material left over from any process. (Source: ISEP)
 
 afvalclassificatie
 	English: waste classification
 	English definition: The arrangement of unwanted materials left over from manufacturing processes or refuse from places of human or animal habitation into a variety of categories based on chemical and microbiological constituents or other common characteristics. (Source: TOE)
 
 afvalgassenverspreiding
 	English: waste gas dispersion
 	English definition: The process of breaking up and producing a diffuse distribution of the unusable aeriform fluid or suspension of fine particles in air resulting from a manufacturing process or the burning of a substance in an enclosed area. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 afvalgebruik
 	English: waste use
 	English definition: The incorporation of wastes into natural or artificial cycles, mainly in order to recover secondary raw materials or energy.
 
 afvalheffing
 	English: waste charge
 	English definition: Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 afvalinvoervergunning
 	English: waste importation permit
 	English definition: An authorization, license or equivalent control document issued by a government agency that approves bringing in refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process from foreign countries. (Source: TOE)
 
 afvalinzameling
 	English: waste collection
 	English definition: The periodic or on-demand removal of solid waste from primary source locations using a collection vehicle and followed by the depositing of this waste at some central facility or disposal site. (Source: GSW / ISEP)
 
 afvalinzameling bij de bron
 	English: waste collection at source
 	English definition: The gathering and transporting of refuse from its place of origin. (Source: RHW)
 
 afvalolie
 	English: waste oil
 	English definition: Oil arising as a waste product of the use of oils in a wide range of industrial and commercial activities, such as engineering, power generation and vehicle maintenance and should be properly disposed of, or treated in order to be reused. (Source: GRAHAW /  DEE)
 
 afvalomzettingstechniek
 	English: waste conversion technique
 	English definition: Any specialized procedure or method used to transform refuse from one state, form or chemical composition into another. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
 
 afvalontgassing
 	English: waste degasification
 	English definition: The removal of gaseous components form waste. (Source: RRDA)
 
 afvalopslag
 	English: waste storage
 	English definition: Temporary holding of waste pending treatment or disposal. Storage methods include containers, tanks, waste piles, and surface impoundments. (Source: RRDA)
 
 afvalproducent
 	English: waste producer
 	English definition: Sources of waste generation, typically used to refer to the domestic, commercial/industrial, or construction and demolition sectors. (Source: USERS)
 
 afvalrecycling
 	English: waste recycling
 	English definition: A method of recovering wastes as resources which includes the collection, and often involving the treatment, of waste products for use as a replacement of all or part of the raw material in a manufacturing process. (Source: GRT)
 
 afvalsanering
 	English: pollution abatement waste
 	English definition: Wastes resulting from the operations of pollutant removal from industries, cleaning processes, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 afvalsortering
 	English: waste sorting
 	English definition: Separating waste into different materials, such as glass, metal, paper, plastic, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 afvalsorteringseenheid
 	English: waste sorting unit
 	English definition: Centralized recycling centres to which waste materials are brought and where they are separated. (Source: CORBIT)
 
 afvalstatistieken
 	English: waste statistics
 	English definition: Determination of the quantity and character of the wastes discarded by a community, by spot sampling procedure. (Source: CORBIT)
 
 afvalstoffen,vervuilende stoffen, vervuiling
 	English: wastes, pollutants, pollution
 
 afvalstortplaats
 	English: landfill
 	English definition: The oldest method of waste disposal for the solid matter discarded in the domestic dustbin, along with the packaging material and paper from high street shops and offices. Landfill sites are usually disused quarries and gravel pits. When they were filled, previous practice was to cover them up with soil and forget about them. Housing estates have been built, often with disastrous consequences, on old landfill dumps. Waste burial has now become a serious technology and a potential source of energy. Landfill sites can be designed to be bioreactors, which deliberately produce methane, gas as a source of biofuel or alternative energy. Traditionally, waste tips remained exposed to air and aerobic microbes - those which thrive in air - in order to turn some of the waste into compost. However, open tips also encourage vermin, smell in hot weather and disfigure the landscape. In the 1960s, as a tidier and safer option, landfill operators began to seal each day's waste in a clay cell. While excluding vermin, the clay also excluded air. Decomposition relied on anaerobic microbes, which die in air. However, the process produced methane (natural gas), which was a safety hazard. The methane is now extracted by sinking a network of perforated pipes into the site. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 afvalstortplaats
 	English: waste dump
 	English definition: Area where wastes are deposited and burned. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 afvalstortplaatspercolaat
 	English: landfill leachate
 	English definition: Liquid that has seeped through solid waste in a landfill and has extracted soluble dissolved or suspended materials in the process. (Source: WWC)
 
 afvaltranvervoer
 	English: waste transport
 	English definition: Transportation of wastes by means of special vehicles. (Source: RRDA)
 
 afvalverbranding
 	English: incineration of waste
 	English definition: The controlled burning of solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes to produce gases and solid residues containing little or no combustible material in order to reduce the bulk of the original waste materials. (Source: ISEP)
 
 afvalverbrandingsinstallatie
 	English: waste incinerator
 	English definition: Establishment where waste is burnt. (Source: PHC)
 
 afvalverwerking
 	English: waste disposal
 	English definition: The orderly process of discarding unwanted or useless material. (Source: GSW)
 
 afvalverwerking
 	English: waste treatment
 	English definition: Any process or combination of processes that changes the chemical, physical or biological composition or character of any waste or reduces or removes its harmful properties or characteristics for any purpose. (Source: HMD)
 
 afvalverwerkingkost
 	English: waste disposal cost
 	English definition: The amount of money incurred for the action of removing or getting rid of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: EFP / OED / TOE)
 
 afvalverwerkingseffluent
 	English: waste treatment effluent
 	English definition: Partially or completely treated water or waste water flowing out of a waste treatment plant. (Source: DEE)
 
 afvalverwerkingsfabriek
 	English: waste treatment plant
 	English definition: Place where waste material is treated to make it reusable or so it may be disposed of safely. (Source: PHC)
 
 afvalverwerkingsheffing
 	English: waste disposal charge
 	English definition: Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the action of removing or getting rid of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: TOE /  RHW)
 
 afvalverwerkingsindustrie
 	English: waste processing industry
 
 afvalverwerkingsplan
 	English: sanitation plan
 	English definition: Plans for the control of the physical factors in the human environment that can harm development, health, or survival. (Source: LANDY)
 
 afvalverwerkingswet
 	English: waste disposal act
 	English definition: Law that settles the rules concerning the disposal, recycling and treatment of wastes. (Source: DIZAMB)
 
 afvalverwijderingsindustrie
 	English: waste removal industry
 	English definition: The aggregate of commercial enterprises primarily concerned with eliminating or getting rid of refuse from places of human or animal habitation or of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: TOE)
 
 afvalvijver
 	English: tailings pond
 	English definition: Any collection of liquid effluents or wastewater drained or separated out during the processing of crops or mineral ores. (Source: TOE)
 
 afvalvoorkoming
 	English: waste avoidance
 	English definition: All measures by which production and consumption processes are caused to generate less (or no waste), or to generate only those wastes that can be treated without causing problems.
 
 afvalwarmte
 	English: waste heat
 	English definition: Heat derived from the cooling process of electric power generating plants and which can cause thermal pollution of water courses, promoting algal bloom. (Source: MGH)
 
 afvalwarmteheffing
 	English: waste heat charge
 	English definition: The release of heat generated as a byproduct from industrial or power generation processes. (Source: TOE)
 
 afvalwater
 	English: sewage
 	English definition: Any liquid-born waste that contains animal or plant matter in suspension or solution, soils and storm water, or chemicals in solution. (Source: APD)
 
 afvalwater
 	English: waste water
 	English definition: Used water, or water that is not needed, which is permitted to escape, or unavoidably escapes from canals, ditches, reservoirs or other bodies of water, for which the owners of these structures are legally responsible. (Source: WWC)
 
 afvalwaterbelasting
 	English: waste water load
 	English definition: The amount of spent or used water, often containing dissolved and suspended matter, that is found in a stream or some other body of water. (Source: WWC)
 
 afvalwaterheffing
 	English: waste water charge
 	English definition: Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm, or industry. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 afvalwaterkwaliteit
 	English: waste water quality
 	English definition: The state or condition of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm or industry. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 afvalwaterslib
 	English: waste water sludge
 	English definition: The removed materials resulting from physical, biological and chemical treatment of waste water. (Source: WWC)
 
 afvalwaterstatistieken
 	English: waste water statistics
 
 afvalwatervermindering
 	English: waste water reduction
 	English definition: The act or process of lessening the volume of used or spent water that is discharged from homes, businesses or industries. (Source: RHW / FFD / TOE)
 
 afvalwatervervuiling
 	English: waste water pollution
 	English definition: The impairment of the quality of some medium due to the introduction of spent or used water from a community or industry. (Source: WWC)
 
 afvalwaterverwerking
 	English: waste water disposal
 	English definition: Collection and removal of wastewater deriving from industrial and urban settlements by means of a system of pipes and treatment plants. (Source: MANCOS)
 
 afvalwaterverwerking
 	English: waste water treatment
 	English definition: Any process to which wastewater is subjected which would remove, or otherwise render harmless to human health and the environment, its constituent wastes. (Source: WWC / WQA)
 
 afvalwaterverwerkingsfabriek
 	English: waste water treatment plant
 	English definition: Plant where, through physical-chemical and biological processes, organic matter, bacteria, viruses and solids are removed from residential, commercial and industrial wastewaters before they are discharged in rivers, lakes and seas. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 afvalwaterverwerkingssysteem
 	English: sewage treatment system
 	English definition: Sewage treatment comes in two stages - primary and secondary treatment. The primary stage involves a process of screening solids from sewage, leaving a sludge and relatively clear water for further treatment or for disposal into rivers, the sea or on to the land. In the secondary stage the sludge is stirred constantly in vast tanks to get more oxygen into the mixture, allowing bacteria to break down the organic matter and leave a harmless residue that falls as a sediment to the bottom of the tank. After processing, the clear water on top of the tank is discharged into rivers and the sediment is used as landfill or discharged at sea. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 afvalwaterwetgeving
 	English: waste water legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the outflow and disposal of spent or used water from a home, community, farm or industry that contains dissolved or suspended matter. (Source: TOE)
 
 afvalwaterzuivering
 	English: waste water purification
 	English definition: Processing of waste water for reuse. (Source: LANDY)
 
 afvalwaterzuivering ter plekke
 	English: on-site wastewater treatment
 	English definition: A process in which used or spent water is treated at the point of origin or where it was produced, by using a septic tank or some other system to remove or reduce  the impact of constituent wastes on human health and the environment. (Source: WQL / WWC)
 
 afvalwetgeving
 	English: waste legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the disposal of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process or the refuse from places of human or animal habitation. (Source: TOE)
 
 afvoer van overgestroomd water
 	English: flood runoff
 	English definition: The total quantity of water flowing from the catchment during the period of the flood. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 afvoerbuis in zee
 	English: sea outfall
 	English definition: The point, location or structure where effluent discharges into a body of marine waters such as a sea, ocean, etc. (Source: WWC)
 
 afvoerlucht
 	English: waste air
 	English definition: Exhaust or gaseous air given off by any industrial, manufacturing or chemical process. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 afvoerstelsel voor regenwater
 	English: rain water sewer system
 	English definition: Channels for clearing away rain water. (Source: PHC)
 
 afwateren
 	English: draining
 	English definition: The removal of water from a marshy area by artificial means, e.g. the introduction of drains. (Source: WHIT)
 
 afwatering
 	English: drainage
 	English definition: 1) Removal of groundwater or surface water, or of water from structures, by gravity or pumping.2) The discharge of water from a soil by percolation (the process by which surface water moves downwards through cracks, joints and pores in soil and rocks). (Source: MGH /  WHIT)
 
 afwatering
 	English: drainage water
 	English definition: Incidental surface waters from diverse sources such as rainfall, snow melt or permafrost melt. (Source: JJK)
 
 afwatering
 	English: runoff
 	English definition: Rate at which water is removed by flowing over the soil surface. This rate is determined by the texture of the soil, slope, climate, and land use cover (e.g. paved surface, grass, forest, bare soil). (Source: LANDY)
 
 afwatering van de ondergrond
 	English: subsoil drainage
 	English definition: The removal of surplus water from within the soil by natural or artificial means, such as by drains placed below the surface to lower the water table below the root zone. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 afwatering van de oppervlakte
 	English: surface runoff
 	English definition: Water that travels over the soil surface to the nearest surface stream; runoff of a drainage basin that has not passed beneath the surface since precipitation. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 afwateringsgebied
 	English: watershed
 	English definition: The dividing line between two adjacent river systems, such as a ridge. (Source: CED)
 
 afwateringssyteem
 	English: drainage system
 	English definition: A surface stream, or a body of impounded surface water, together with all other such streams and water bodies that are tributary to it and by which a region is drained. An artificial drainage system includes also surface and subsurface conduits. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 afweermiddel
 	English: defence
 	English definition: The act or process of protecting citizens or any geographical area by preparing for or by using military means to resist the attack of an enemy. (Source: OED)
 
 afwisselend geluid
 	English: intermittent noise
 	English definition: Noise occurring at regular or irregular intervals. (Source: CED)
 
 afwisseling
 	English: alteration
 	English definition: The act of altering or the state of being altered. (Source: CED)
 
 afzetting
 	English: deposition
 	English definition: The process by which polluting material is precipitated from the atmosphere and accumulates in ecosystems. (Source: APD)
 
 afzetting
 	English: sedimentation (geology)
 	English definition: The act or process of forming or accumulating sediment in layers, including such processes as the separation of rock particles from the material from which the sediment is derived, the transportation of these particles to the site of deposition, the actual deposition or settling of the particles, the chemical and other changes occurring in the sediment, and the ultimate consolidation of the sediment into solid rock. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 afzetting
 	English: sediment
 	English definition: Any material transported by water which will ultimately settle to the bottom after the water loses its transporting power. (Source: LANDY)
 
 afzetting in zee
 	English: marine sediment
 	English definition: Solid fragmental material, originated from weathering of rocks, that has settled down from a state of suspension in the water. (Source: BJGEOa)
 
 afzetting van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant deposition
 	English definition: The act or process in which polluting agents settle or accumulate naturally in ecosystems. (Source: APD)
 
 afzettingsbekken
 	English: sedimentary basin
 	English definition: A geomorphic feature of the earth in which the surface has subsided for a prolonged time, including deep ocean floors, intercontinental rifts and elevated and interior drainage basins. (Source: MHD)
 
 afzettingsbekken
 	English: sedimentation basin
 	English definition: A basin in which suspended matter is removed either by quiescent settlement or by continuous flow at high velocity and extended retention time to allow deposition. (Source: MGH)
 
 Agenda 21
 	English: Agenda 21
 	English definition: Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, is a comprehensive programme of action to be achieved by governments, development agencies, United Nations organizations and independent sector groups in every area where human activity affects the environment. Agenda 21 was adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the Earth Summit. Agenda 21 is the response to the UN General Assembly's call, in December 1989, for a global meeting to devise strategies to halt and reverse the effects of environment degradation 'in the context of increased national and international efforts to promote sustainable and environmentally sound development in all countries'. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 agens dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte
 	English: surface-active agent
 	English definition: A substance that, when used in small quantities, modifies the surface properties of liquids or solids. A surface-active agent reduces surface tension in a fluid or the interfacial tension between two immiscible fluids, such as oil and water. Surfactants are particularly useful in accomplishing the wetting or penetration of solids by aqueous liquids and serve in the manner of detergent, emulsifying, or dispersing agents. They are more effective than soap in certain situations and are used by conservators for such purposes as cleaning, wetting, and dispersing. (Source: PALIM)
 
 agens met directe inducerende werking
 	English: direct discharger
 	English definition: Factories and industrial concerns which do not discharge their sewage directly into public sewers, but directly into a waterway. (Source: AZENP)
 
 aggregaatonttrekking
 	English: aggregate extraction
 	English definition: Extraction of crushed rock or gravel screened to sizes for use in road surfaces, concretes, or bituminous mixes. (Source: KOREN)
 
 agrarische beroepsbevolking
 	English: working population engaged in agriculture
 	English definition: The number of a particular region or nation's working population gainfully employed or otherwise occupied with the production of crops, livestock or poultry. (Source: RHW)
 
 agrochemisch
 	English: agrochemical
 	English definition: Any substance or mixture of substances used or intended to be used for preventing, destroying, repelling, attracting, inhibiting, or controlling any insects, rodents, birds, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, weeds or other forms of plant, animal or microbial life regarded as pests. (Source: GILP96)
 
 agro-industrie
 	English: agroindustry
 	English definition: Industry dealing with the supply, processing and distribution of farm products. (Source: PHC)
 
 agrovoeding
 	English: agri-foodstuff
 	English definition: Industry dealing with the production, processing, and supply of agricultural food products. (Source: PHCa)
 
 AIDS
 	English: AIDS
 	English definition: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by HIV-virus manifested by opportunistic infections and/or malignancies, and the mortality rate is very high. The syndrome results from a breakdown of the body's disease-fighting mechanism that leaves it defenceless against infections, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, certain blood infections, candidiasis, invasive cervical cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma or any of over 20 other indicator diseases. No effective treatment is available. A striking feature of AIDS is the wide spectrum and frequency of infections with life-threatening pathogens seldom seen in normal hosts. The illness may begin with insidious signs and symptoms, and the process may be more diffuse than when the same conditions are seen in other immune-compromised patients. Four patterns of disease occur in AIDS patients. The pulmonary pattern, the central nervous system pattern, the gastrointestinal pattern, and the pattern of fever of unknown origin. Most patients who recover from a given opportunistic infection subsequently either have a relapse or develop a new type of infection. Many patients continue to have a wasting syndrome and experience such infections as oral thrush. Feelings of depression and isolation are common among AIDS patients and can be intensified if health care workers display fear of the syndrome. (Source: WPR)
 
 akker
 	English: field
 	English definition: A limited area of land with grass or crops growing on it, which is usually surrounded by fences or closely planted bushes when it is part of a farm. (Source: CAMB)
 
 akkerbouw
 	English: arable farming
 	English definition: Growing crops as opposed to dairy farming, cattle farming, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 akten
 	English: act
 	English definition: 1) Something done voluntarily by a person, and of such a nature that certain legal consequences attach to it.2) Documents, decrees, edicts, laws, judgments, etc. (Source: WESTS)
 
 alarm
 	English: alarm
 	English definition: Signalling an impending danger in order to call attention to some event or condition. (Source: CED /  AMHER)
 
 alarmsysteem
 	English: warning system
 	English definition: Any series of procedures and devices designed to detect sudden or potential threats to persons, property or the environment, often utilizing radar technology. (Source: RHW)
 
 alcohol
 	English: alcohol
 	English definition: A group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The molecules in the series vary in chain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group. Alcohol includes methanol and ethanol. (Source: EIADOE)
 
 alcoholbenzine
 	English: gasohol
 	English definition: A mixture of 80% or 90% petrol with 20% or 10% ethyl alcohol, for use as a fuel in internal combustion engines. (Source: CED)
 
 alcoholbrandstof
 	English: fuel alcohol
 	English definition: Alternative source of energy for motor vehicles. It is produced by fermentation of sugar cane by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 alfastraling
 	English: alpha radiation
 	English definition: A stream of alpha particles which are ejected from many radioactive substances having a penetrating power of a few cm in air but can be stopped by a thin piece of paper. (Source: MGH /  PITT)
 
 algemeen
 	English: general
 
 algemeen onderwijs
 	English: general education
 	English definition: Informal learning or formal instruction with broad application to human existence beyond the domain of any particular subject or discipline, often equated with liberal arts in the university setting and contrasted to courses required for a specific major or program. (Source: ISEP /  COE)
 
 algemene administratieve opdracht
 	English: general administrative order
 	English definition: An administrative mandate outlining the process by which a concept, plan, decree or law is to be put into actual practice by a specific organization or government agency. (Source: DAM)
 
 algemene scheikunde
 	English: general chemistry
 	English definition: The study of the elements and the compounds they form. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 algemene termen
 	English: general terms
 
 algendodende stof
 	English: algicide
 	English definition: Any substance or chemical applied to kill or control algal growth. (Source: LANDY)
 
 algengroei
 	English: algal bloom
 	English definition: Excessive and rapid growth of algae and other aquatic plants when they are stimulated to grow too quickly by pollution. It takes place when there are too many nutrients in the water and is aggravated when accompanied by a rise in temperature. Although the algae grow quickly they soon die because they have swallowed up all the water's nutrients. As they decompose they tend to rise to the surface and form a green slime. Algal bloom have increased because higher levels of nitrogen and phosphates from agricultural areas have leached from the fields into water courses. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 alicyclische samenstelling
 	English: alicyclic compound
 	English definition: Any substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds characterized by straight-chained, branched or cyclic properties. (Source: RHW)
 
 alifatische koolwaterstof
 	English: aliphatic hydrocarbon
 	English definition: Hydrocarbons having an open chain of carbon atoms, whether normal or forked, saturated or unsaturated. (Source: MGH)
 
 alifatische verbinding
 	English: aliphatic compound
 	English definition: Any organic compound of hydrogen and carbon characterized by a straight chain of the carbon atoms. (Source: MGH)
 
 alkalische batterij
 	English: alkaline battery
 	English definition: A primary cell that uses an alkaline electrolyte, usually potassium hydroxide, and delivers about 1.5 volts at much higher current rates than the common carbon-zinc cell. Also known as alkaline-manganese cell. (Source: MGH)
 
 alkalische bodem
 	English: alkali land
 	English definition: Any geomorphic area, often a level lake-like plain, with soil containing a high percentage of mineral salts, located especially in arid regions. (Source: MHD / RHW)
 
 alkalische bodem
 	English: alkali soil
 	English definition: Soil that contains sufficient exchangeable sodium to interfere with water penetration and crop growth, either with or without appreciable quantities of soluble salts. (Source: LANDY)
 
 alkeen
 	English: alkane
 	English definition: Paraffins. A homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2. Their systematic names end in -ane. They are chemically inert, stable, and flammable. The first four members of the series (methane, ethane, propane, butane) are gases at ordinary temperatures; the next eleven are liquids, and form the main constituents of paraffin oil; the higher members are solids. Paraffin waxs consists mainly of higher alkanes. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 alkyl-verbinding
 	English: alkyl compound
 	English definition: Compound containing one or more alkyl radicals. (Source: MGH)
 
 allergeen
 	English: allergen
 	English definition: Any antigen, such as pollen, a drug, or food, that induces an allergic state in humans or animals. (Source: MGH)
 
 allergie
 	English: allergy
 	English definition: A condition of abnormal sensitivity in certain individuals to contact with substances such as proteins, pollens, bacteria, and certain foods. This contact may result in exaggerated physiologic responses such as hay fever, asthma, and in severe enough situations, anaphylactic shock. (Source: KOREN)
 
 allernieuwst
 	English: state of the art
 	English definition: Everything made available to the public by means of a written or oral description, by use or in any other way before the date of the patent application, or an application filed in a foreign country the priority of which is validly claimed. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 alluviale vlakte
 	English: alluvial plain
 	English definition: A level or gently sloping tract or a slightly undulating land surface produced by extensive deposition of alluvium, usually adjacent to a river that periodically overflows its banks; it may be situated on a flood plain, a delta, or an alluvial fan. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 alluvium
 	English: alluvion
 	English definition: An overflowing; an inundation or flood, especially when the water is charged with much suspended material. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 alternatief materiaal
 	English: alternative material
 	English definition: Materials employed in the place of others which are more dangerous for the environment, such as phosphate substitutes in detergents. (Source: RRDA)
 
 alternatieve technologie
 	English: alternative technology
 	English definition: Technology that, as an alternative to resource-intensive and wasteful industry, aims to utilize resources sparingly, with minimum damage to the environment, at affordable cost and with a possible degree of control over the processes. (Source: GUNN)
 
 aluminium
 	English: aluminium
 	English definition: A light white metal, ductile and malleable, and a good conductor of electricity. It occurs widely in nature in clays and is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is extracted mainly from bauxite by electrolysis of a molten mixture of purified bauxite and cryolite. The metal and its alloys are used for aircraft, cooking utensils, electrical apparatus, and for many other purposes where its light weight is an advantage. Aluminium became implicated as an environmental health hazard in the 1980s on two counts. Biomedical scientists looking for possible causes of Alzheimer's disease, the premature senility indicated by loss of memory and confusion, found a circumstantial link with aluminium. The theory is a controversial one. (Source: UVAROV /  WRIGHT)
 
 aluminiumgehalte
 	English: aluminium content
 	English definition: Amount of aluminium contained in a solution. (Source: MGH)
 
 aluminiumnijverheid
 	English: aluminium industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the mining and processing of aluminum. (Source: ENC)
 
 aluminiumtrioxide
 	English: alumina
 	English definition: A natural or synthetic oxide of aluminum widely distributed in nature, often found as a constituent part of clays, feldspars, micas and other minerals, and as a major component of bauxite. (Source: RHW / INP)
 
 alveole [longblaasje]
 	English: alveolus
 	English definition: A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Also called air sac. (Source: AMHER)
 
 amalgaam
 	English: amalgam
 	English definition: A solution of a metal in mercury. (Source: ALL)
 
 ambacht
 	English: craft
 	English definition: An occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or skilled artistry. (Source: AMHER)
 
 ambachtelijke nijverheid
 	English: handicraft business
 	English definition: The profession, commercial firm or trade involving the production and distribution of articles that are made through the skilled use of one's hands. (Source: RHW)
 
 ambtsbezigheid
 	English: official duty
 
 Ames-test
 	English: Ames test
 	English definition: A bioassay developed by Bruce N. Ames in 1974, performed on bacteria to assess the capability of environmental chemicals to cause mutations. (Source: BIOTGL /  KORENa)
 
 amfibieen
 	English: amphibian
 	English definition: A class of vertebrate animals characterized by a moist, glandular skin, gills at some stage of development, and no amnion during the embryonic stage. (Source: MGH)
 
 amine
 	English: amine
 	English definition: One of a class of organic compounds which can be considered to be derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogens by organic radicals. (Source: MGH)
 
 aminozuur
 	English: amino acid
 	English definition: Organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2). About 30 amino acids are known. They are fundamental constituents of living matter because protein molecules are made up of many amino acid molecules combined together. Amino acids are synthesized by green plants and some bacteria, but some (arginine, histidine, lysine. threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophane) cannot be synthesized by animals and therefore are essential constituents of their diet. Proteins from specific plants may lack certain amino acids, so a vegetarian diet must include a wide range of plant products. (Source: ALL)
 
 ammoniak
 	English: ammonia
 	English definition: A colorless gaseous alkaline compound that is very soluble in water, has a characteristic pungent odour, is lighter than air, and is formed as a result of the decomposition of most nitrogenous organic material. (Source: MGH)
 
 ammonificatie
 	English: ammonification
 	English definition: Addition of ammonia or ammonia compounds, especially to the soil. (Source: MGH)
 
 ammonium
 	English: ammonium
 	English definition: The radical NH4+. (Source: MGH)
 
 anaerobe behandeling
 	English: anaerobic treatment
 	English definition: Breakdown of organic material without the presence of oxygen, a treatment which permanently removes the unpleasant odour of many organic wastes so that they can be used on agricultural land. (Source: PHC)
 
 anaerobe proces
 	English: anaerobic process
 	English definition: A process from which air or oxygen not in chemical combination is excluded. (Source: MGH)
 
 anaerobe voorwaarden
 	English: anaerobic condition
 	English definition: A mode of life carried on in the absence of molecular oxygen. (Source: MGH)
 
 analyse
 	English: analysis
 	English definition: Examination or determination. (Source: RRDA)
 
 analyse van de natuurlijke risico's
 	English: natural risk analysis
 	English definition: Analysis of the probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time in a given area, of a potentially damaging phenomenon of nature. (Source: GUNN)
 
 analyse verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant analysis
 	English definition: The determination of the composition of any substance that causes pollution, using classical laboratory techniques and other methods involving analytical chemistry. (Source: APD)
 
 analysemethode
 	English: analytical method
 
 analyseprogramma
 	English: analysis programme
 
 analyseren
 	English: assay
 	English definition: Qualitative or quantitative determination of the components of a material, such as an ore or a drug. (Source: MGH)
 
 analytische apparatuur
 	English: analytical equipment
 	English definition: Equipment employed in analytical techniques. (Source: RRDA)
 
 analytische scheikunde
 	English: analytical chemistry
 	English definition: The branch of chemistry dealing with techniques which yield any type of information about chemical systems. (Source: MGH)
 
 Anatidae
 	English: swans, geese and ducks
 	English definition: A family of waterfowl, including ducks, gees, mergansers, pochards and swans, in the order Anseriformes. (Source: MGH)
 
 anatomie
 	English: anatomy
 	English definition: The science concerned with the physical structure of animals and plants. (Source: CED)
 
 anion
 	English: anion
 	English definition: An ion that is negatively charged. (Source: MGH)
 
 anorganisch afval
 	English: mineral waste
 	English definition: Waste material resulting from ore extraction that is usually left on the soil surface. (Source: GREMES)
 
 anorganische chemie
 	English: inorganic chemistry
 	English definition: A branch of chemistry dealing with the chemical reactions and properties of all inorganic matter. (Source: LEE)
 
 anorganische conditioneerder
 	English: mineral conditioner
 	English definition: Any naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and usually of crystalline structure, such as rocks, which are used to stabilize soil, improving its resistance to erosion, texture and permeability. (Source: RHW / SOI)
 
 anorganische meststof
 	English: inorganic fertiliser
 	English definition: Inorganic chemical which promotes plant growth by enhancing the supply of essential nutrients such as ammonium sulphate or lime. (Source: PORT)
 
 anorganische stof
 	English: mineral matter
 	English definition: Inorganic materials having a distinct chemical composition, characteristic crystalline structure, colour, and hardness. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 anorganische stoffen
 	English: inorganic substance
 	English definition: Chemical compounds that do not contain carbon as the principal element (excepting carbonates, cyanides, and cyanates), that is, matter other than plant or animal. (Source: MGH)
 
 anorganische vervuiler
 	English: inorganic pollutant
 	English definition: A pollutant of mineral origin and not of basically carbon structure. (Source: ERG)
 
 anorganische vervuiling
 	English: mineral pollution
 	English definition: Pollution deriving from all classes of mining operations and having an adverse effect on aquatic life, water supplies and the recreational use of waters. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 antagonisme
 	English: antagonism
 	English definition: The situation in which two chemicals upon interaction interfere in such a way that the action of one partially or completely inhibits the effects of the other. (Source: KOREN)
 
 antagonistisch effect van giftige stoffen
 	English: antagonistic effect of toxic substances
 
 Antarctica
 	English: Antarctica
 	English definition: A continent lying chiefly within the Antarctic Circle and asymmetrically centered on the South Pole: it consists of an ice-covered plateau (some 95 percent of Antarctica is covered by an icecap averaging 1,6 km in thickness), 1800-3000 m above sea level, and mountains ranges rising to 4500 m with some volcanic peaks; average temperatures all below freezing and human settlement is confined to research station. (Source: CED /  AMHER)
 
 Antarctisch ecosysteem
 	English: Antarctic ecosystem
 
 Antarctisch gebied
 	English: Antarctic region
 	English definition: An area within the Antarctic Circle that includes the fifth largest continent and its surrounding waters, consisting mostly of thick ice shelves. (Source: INP / CIA)
 
 Antarctische Oceaan
 	English: Antarctic Ocean
 	English definition: The waters, including ice shelves, that surround the continent of Antarctica, which comprise the southernmost parts of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, and also the Ross, Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Weddell seas. (Source: RHW / CIA)
 
 anthropologisch reservaat
 	English: anthropologic reserve
 	English definition: Area of protection of the life style of societies where traditional human activities are still maintained and the exploitation of natural resources is still carried out without compromising the future availability. (Source: RRDA)
 
 antibiotica
 	English: antibiotic
 	English definition: A chemical substance, produced by microorganisms and synthetically, that has the capacity to inhibit the growth of, and even to destroy, bacteria and other microorganisms. (Source: MGH)
 
 anti-blokkeringsmiddel
 	English: antifouling agent
 	English definition: Agent that inhibits the growth of barnacles and other marine organisms on a ship's bottom (an antifouling paint or other coating). Organo-tin compounds have been the most often used agents in this application since they are effective against both soft and hard fouling organisms. However, in spite of their performance, they have a negative impact on the marine environment and their long half life in the environment, has prompted marine paint manufacturers to look for a nonpersistent alternative. (Source: CED /  OLIN)
 
 anticorrosiemiddel
 	English: corrosion inhibitor
 	English definition: A chemical agent which slows down or prohibits a corrosion reaction. (Source: LEE)
 
 antilichaam
 	English: antibody
 	English definition: A complex protein that is produced in response to the introduction of a specific antigen into an animal. Antibodies belong to a class of proteins called immunoglobins, which are formed by plasma cells in the blood as a defence mechanism against invasion by parasites, notably bacteria and viruses, either by killing them or rendering them harmless. (Source: ALL2)
 
 antiseismische regelgeving
 	English: antiseismic regulation
 	English definition: Rules for minimizing or containing the risks deriving from earthquakes. (Source: MANCOS)
 
 anti-vervuilingsaanmoediging
 	English: antipollution incentive
 	English definition: Financial reward or penalty used to incite action towards greater responsibility in reducing the presence of pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health or natural resources. (Source: ODE /  TOE)
 
 anti-vervuilingsvergoeding
 	English: antipollution premium
 	English definition: A prize or bonus given as an inducement or reward for efforts to reduce the presence of pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health or natural resources. (Source: ISEP /  OED /  TOE)
 
 antropische activiteit
 	English: anthropic activity
 	English definition: Action resulting from or influenced by human activity or intervention. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 antropogene factor
 	English: anthropogenic factor
 
 apotheekafval
 	English: pharmaceutical waste
 	English definition: Discarded medicinal drugs and related products from pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, pharmaceutical manufacturers, etc. (Source: APD / EPW)
 
 aquaduct
 	English: aqueduct
 	English definition: A channel for supplying water; often underground, but treated architecturally on high arches when crossing valleys or low ground. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 arbeid
 	English: labour
 	English definition: One of the factors of production. It includes all the exertions - manual, physical or mental - by individuals, directed towards the production of wealth. (Source: GOOD)
 
 arbeidsmarkt
 	English: labour market
 
 arbeidsomstandigheden
 	English: working condition
 	English definition: All existing circumstances affecting labor in the workplace, including job hours, physical aspects, legal rights and responsibilities. (Source: CIV)
 
 arbeidsrecht
 	English: labour law
 	English definition: The branch of the legal system which lays down the rules governing employment relationships, trade union relations, and state intervention to provide protection against particular situations of need for citizens who are workers. (Source: NECTAR)
 
 arbeidsveiligheid
 	English: plant health care
 
 arbeidsverhouding
 	English: labour relations
 	English definition: The dynamics or general state of the association between management and non-management employees in an enterprise, industry or nation, with special attention to the maintenance of agreements, collective bargaining and the status of unions. (Source: RHW)
 
 arboretum
 	English: arboretum
 	English definition: Collection of trees from different parts of the world, grown for scientific study. (Source: PHC)
 
 archeologie
 	English: archaeology
 	English definition: The scientific study of the material remains of the cultures of historical or prehistorical peoples. (Source: MGH)
 
 archeologische vindplaats
 	English: archaeological site
 	English definition: Any location containing significant relics and artifacts of past culture. (Source: LANDY)
 
 architectuur
 	English: architecture
 	English definition: The art and science of designing and building structures, or large groups of structures, in keeping with aesthetic and functional criteria. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 Arctisch ecosysteem
 	English: Arctic ecosystem
 
 Arctisch gebied
 	English: Arctic region
 	English definition: The northernmost area of the earth, centered on the North Pole, that includes the Arctic Ocean, the northern reaches of Canada, Alaska, Russia, Norway and most of Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. (Source: INP)
 
 Arctische Oceaan
 	English: Arctic Ocean
 	English definition: The smallest and most poorly studied of the oceans on earth. It covers an area of 14 million square km that is divided by three submarine ridges, i.e. the Alpha Ridge, the Lomonosov Ridge, and an extension of the mid-Atlantic ridge. It is also nearly landlocked, coveredyear-round by pack ice, and the third of its area is continental shelf. (Source: OCEAN)
 
 armoede
 	English: poverty
 	English definition: State in which the individual lacks the resources necessary for subsistence.
 
 aromatische koolwaterstoffen
 	English: aromatic hydrocarbon
 	English definition: Hydrocarbons having an unsaturated ring containing alternating double and single bonds, especially containing a benzene ring. (Source: CED)
 
 aromatische verbindingen
 	English: aromatic compound
 	English definition: Compounds characterized by the presence of at least one benzene ring. (Source: MGH)
 
 arseen
 	English: arsenic
 	English definition: A toxic metalloid element, existing in several allotropic forms, that occurs principally in realgar and orpiment and as the free element. It is used in transistors, lead-based alloys, and high temperature brasses. (Source: CED)
 
 Articulata
 	English: Articulata
 	English definition: Animals characterized by the repetition of similar segments (metameres), exhibited especially by arthropods, annelids, and vertebrates in early embryonic stages and in certain specialized adult structures. (Source: MGH)
 
 arts
 	English: doctor
 	English definition: A person licensed to practise medicine. (Source: CED)
 
 as
 	English: ash
 	English definition: The incombustible matter remaining after a substance has been incinerated. (Source: MGH)
 
 asbest
 	English: asbestos
 	English definition: Generic name for a group of fibrous mineral silicates. It includes blue asbestos (crocidolite), white asbestos (chrysotile) and brown asbestos (amosite). After they are mined the asbestos fibres are separated from the rock and are spun into a cloth. When inhaled the fibres penetrate the lungs and the tissues of the bronchial tubes, resulting in asbestosis, a crippling lung disease. Asbestos also causes cancer of the lung and the gastro-intestinal tract, and mesothelioma, a malignant cancer of the inner lining of the chest. However, because it is a poor conductor of electricity and highly resistant to heat it has been widely used over the years in fire-fighting suits, and building and insulating materials. The fibrous form of several silicate minerals, at one time widely used for electrical and thermal insulation; the use of all forms of asbestos is now either banned or strictly controlled in many countries since it causes cancer. (Source: WRIGHT /  ALL)
 
 asbestcement
 	English: asbestos cement
 	English definition: A hardened mixture of asbestos fibers, Portland cement and water used in relatively thin slabs for shingles, wallboard and siding. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 asbestose
 	English: asbestosis
 	English definition: A non-malignant progressive, irreversible, lung disease, characterized by diffuse fibrosis, resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers. (Source: CONFER)
 
 ASEAN
 	English: ASEAN
 	English definition: Association of Southeast Asian Nations. (Source: MIIS)
 
 assimilatie
 	English: assimilation
 	English definition: Conversion of nutritive material to living tissue. (Source: KOREN)
 
 associatie
 	English: association
 	English definition: A body of persons associated for the regulation of a common economic activity by means of a special organization. (Source: SHOOX /  ZINZAN)
 
 astronomie
 	English: astronomy
 	English definition: The science concerned with celestial bodies and the observation and interpretation of the radiation received in the vicinity of the earth from the component parts of the universe. (Source: MGH)
 
 atlas
 	English: atlas
 	English definition: A bound collection of maps or charts, plates, engravings or tables illustrating any subject. (Source: CCL / RHW)
 
 atmosfeer
 	English: atmosphere
 	English definition: The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth in a several kilometers-thick layer. (Source: UVAROVa)
 
 atmosfeer (lucht,klimaat)
 	English: atmosphere (air, climate)
 
 atmosferisch model
 	English: atmospheric model
 	English definition: A simulation, pattern or plan designed to demonstrate the structure or workings of the atmosphere surrounding any object, including the Earth. (Source: APD)
 
 atmosferische aerosol
 	English: atmospheric aerosol
 	English definition: Particulate matter suspended in the air. The particulate matter may be in the form of dusts, fumes, or mist. Aerosols in the atmosphere are the form in which pollutants such as smoke are dispersed. (Source: LANDY /  PHC)
 
 atmosferische correctie
 	English: atmospheric correction
 	English definition: The removal from the remotely sensed data of the atmospheric effects caused by the scattering and absorption of sunlight by particles; the removal of these effects improves not only the quality of the observed earth surface imaging but also the accuracy of classification of the ground objects. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 atmosferische deeltje
 	English: atmospheric particulate
 	English definition: A concentration of fine liquid or solid particles, such as dust, smoke, mist, fumes or smog, found in the atmosphere. (Source: TOE)
 
 atmosferische inversie
 	English: atmospheric inversion
 	English definition: A temperature inversion in the atmosphere in which the temperature, instead of falling, increases with height above the ground. With the colder and heavier air below, there is no tendency to form upward currents and turbulence is suppressed. Inversions are often formed in the late afternoon when the radiation emitted from the ground exceeds that received from the sinking sun. Inversions are also caused by katabatic winds, that is cold winds flowing down the hillside into a valley, and by anticyclones. In inversion layers, both vertical and horizontal diffusion is inhibited and pollutants become trapped, sometimes for long periods. Low-level discharges of pollutants are more readily trapped by inversions than high level dischargers, hence the case for high stacks. Furthermore, high level discharges into an inversion tend to remain at a high level because of the absence of vertical mixing. (Source: GILP96)
 
 atmosferische metingen
 	English: atmospheric monitoring
 	English definition: A practice of continuous atmospheric sampling by various levels of government or particular industries. (Source: MGH)
 
 atmosferische natuurkunde
 	English: atmospheric physics
 	English definition: The study of the physical phenomena of the atmosphere. (Source: MGH)
 
 atmosferische ozon
 	English: atmospheric ozone
 	English definition: A triatomic molecule of oxygen; a natural constituent of the atmosphere, with the highest concentrations in the ozone layer or stratosphere; it is found at a level between 15 and 30 km above the Earth, which prevents harmful ultraviolet B radiation, which causes skin cancer and threatens plant life, from reaching the ground. The fragile shield is being damaged by chemicals released on Earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are used in refrigerators, aerosols and as cleaners in many industries and halons, which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. (Source: GILP96 /  WRIGHT)
 
 atmosferische radioactieve neerslag
 	English: atmospheric fallout
 	English definition: The sedimentation of dust or fine particles from the atmosphere. (Source: LEE)
 
 atmosferische scheikunde
 	English: atmospheric chemistry
 	English definition: The study of the production, transport, modification, and removal of atmospheric constituents in the troposphere and stratosphere. (Source: MGH)
 
 atmosferische uitstoot
 	English: atmospheric emission
 	English definition: Suspended pollutants -- solid particles, liquid aerosols, etc. -- or toxic gases released into the atmosphere from a polluting source, or type of source. (Source: ISEP)
 
 atmosferische vochtigheid
 	English: atmospheric humidity
 	English definition: A measurable quantity of the moisture content found in the earth's atmosphere. (Source: RHW)
 
 atmosferische wetenschappen
 	English: atmospheric science
 	English definition: The atmospheric sciences study the dynamics, physics and chemistry of atmospheric phenomena and processes, including the interactions of the atmosphere with soil physics, hydrology and oceanic circulation. The research focuses on the following areas: turbulence and convection, atmospheric radiation and remote sensing, aerosol and cloud physics and chemistry, planetary atmospheres, air-sea interactions, climate, and statistical meteorology. (Source: ATS)
 
 atrazine
 	English: atrazine
 	English definition: Herbicide belonging to the triazine group, widely employed and particularly in maize crops. It is highly toxic for phytoplancton and freshwater algae and, being highly soluble in water, it easily contaminates aquifers. (Source: RAMADE)
 
 audiovisueel materiaal
 	English: audiovisual equipment
 	English definition: Equipment designed to aid in learning and teaching by making use of both hearing and sight. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 audiovisuele media
 	English: audiovisual media
 	English definition: Any means of communication transmitted to both the sense of hearing and the sense of sight, especially technologies directed to large audiences. (Source: RHW)
 
 audiovisuele voordracht
 	English: audio-visual presentation
 	English definition: An exhibition, performance, demonstration or lecture utilizing communication media directed at both the sense of sight and the sense of hearing. (Source: RHW)
 
 autoband
 	English: car tyre
 	English definition: A rubber ring placed over the rim of a wheel of a road vehicle to provide traction and reduce road shocks, especially a hollow inflated ring consisting of a reinforced outer casing enclosing an inner tube. (Source: CED)
 
 autobus
 	English: bus
 	English definition: A large, long-bodied motor vehicle equipped with seating for passengers, usually operating as part of a scheduled service.
 
 autoclaaf
 	English: digester
 	English definition: Machine which takes refuse and produces gas such as methane from it. (Source: PHC)
 
 auto-ecologie
 	English: autoecology
 	English definition: That part of ecology which deals with individual species and their reactions to environmental factors. (Source: UNUN)
 
 autoindustrie
 	English: vehicle manufacturing industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and sale of equipment that conveys people, goods or materials by land, air or water. (Source: SIC)
 
 auto-industrie
 	English: automobile industry
 
 automatische herkenning
 	English: automatic detection
 	English definition: The processing, discovery and identification of data elements by automated means. (Source: RHW)
 
 autoweg
 	English: motorway
 	English definition: A wide road built for fast moving traffic travelling long distances, with a limited number of points at which drivers can enter and leave it. (Source: CAMB)
 
 autowrak
 	English: scrap vehicle
 	English definition: Car which is delivered for breaking up or otherwise discarded.
 
 avicultuur
 	English: aviculture
 	English definition: The raising, keeping, and care of birds. (Source: AMHER)
 
 avifauna
 	English: avifauna
 	English definition: All the birds in a particular region. (Source: CED)
 
 Azie
 	English: Asia
 	English definition: The world's largest continent. It occupies the eastern part of the Eurasian landmass and its adjacent islands and is separated from Europe by the Ural Mountains. Asia borders on the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean and Red Seas in the west. It includes the largest peninsulas of Asia Minor, India, Arabia, and Indochina and the island groups of Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Ceylon; contains the mountain ranges of the Hindu Kush, Himalayas, Pamirs, Tian Shan, Urals, and Caucasus, the great plateaus of India, Iran and Tibet, vast plains and deserts, and the valleys of many large rivers including the Mekong, Irrawaddy, Indus, Ganges, Tigris and Euphrates. (Source: AMHER /  CED)
 
 baai
 	English: bay
 	English definition: An open, curving indentation made by the sea or a lake into a coastline. (Source: WHIT)
 
 baai
 	English: gulf
 	English definition: An inlet of the sea of large areal proportions, more indented than a bay and generally more enclosed. (Source: WHIT)
 
 bactericide
 	English: bactericide
 	English definition: An agent that destroys bacteria. (Source: LBC)
 
 bacterien
 	English: bacterium
 	English definition: Group of single-cell micro-organisms, the smallest of the living organisms. Some are vital to sustain life, while others are responsible for causing highly dangerous human diseases, such as anthrax, tetanus and tuberculosis. Bacteria are found everywhere, in the soil, water and air. (Source: MGH /  WRIGHT)
 
 bacteriologie
 	English: bacteriology
 	English definition: The science and study of bacteria. (Source: MGH)
 
 bacteriologische verontreiniging
 	English: bacteriological pollution
 	English definition: Contamination of water, soil and air with pathogen bacteria. (Source: RRDA)
 
 badplaats (aan zee)
 	English: seaside resort
 	English definition: A place near the sea where people spend their holidays and enjoy themselves. (Source: CAMB)
 
 baggeren
 	English: dredging
 	English definition: Removing solid matter from the bottom of a water area. (Source: MGH)
 
 baggermateriaal
 	English: dredged material
 	English definition: Unconsolidated material removed from rivers, streams, and shallow seas with machines such as the bucket-ladder dredge, dragline dredge, or suction dredge.
 
 bakoven
 	English: oven
 	English definition: An enclosed heated compartment usually lined with a refractory material used for drying substances, firing ceramics, heat-treating, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 baksteen
 	English: brick
 	English definition: A building material usually made from clay, molded as a rectangular block, and baked or burned in a kiln. (Source: MGH)
 
 balans [economisch]
 	English: balance (economic)
 	English definition: An equality between the sums total of the two sides of an account, or the excess on either side. (Source: WESTS)
 
 band
 	English: tyre
 	English definition: A rubber ring placed over the rim of a wheel of a road vehicle to provide traction and reduce road shocks. (Source: CED)
 
 bank
 	English: bank (land)
 	English definition: The sloping side of any hollow in the ground, especially when bordering a river. (Source: CED)
 
 bankbescherming
 	English: bank protection
 	English definition: Engineering work which aims at the protection of banks of a river, or slopes of embankments along it, from erosion by the current of flow, from floods, etc. (Source: ECHO1a)
 
 bankwezen [geld]
 	English: banking
 	English definition: Transactional business between any bank, an institution for safeguarding, exchanging, receiving and lending money, and that bank's clients or customers. (Source: OED /  RHW)
 
 barium
 	English: barium
 	English definition: A soft silvery-white metallic element of the alkaline earth group. It is used in bearing alloys and compounds are used as pigments. (Source: CED)
 
 barriererif
 	English: barrier reef
 	English definition: An elongated accumulation of coral lying at low-tide level parallel to the coast but separated from it by a wide and deep lagoon or strait. The coral is thought to have formed initially on a flat surface: then as the sea-level rose in post-glacial times, thereby submerging the irregular wave-cut platform, the coral growth kept pace with the rising ocean level, so creating the great thickness witnessed today in such places as the Great Barrier Reef off the East coast of Queensland, Australia. This stretches for more than 1900 km and varies in width from about 30 km to 150 km. (Source: WHIT)
 
 base [chemische stof]
 	English: base (chemical)
 	English definition: Any chemical species, ionic or molecular, capable of accepting or receiving a proton (hydrogen ion) from another substance; the other substance acts as an acid in giving of the proton; the other ion is a base. (Source: MGH)
 
 basiciteit
 	English: basicity
 	English definition: The state of a solution of containing an excess of hydroxyl ions. (Source: RRDA)
 
 basidiomycete
 	English: basidiomycete
 
 basisbeginsel
 	English: subsidiary principle
 	English definition: The fundamental doctrine or tenet that policy making decisions should be made at the most decentralized level, in which a centralized governing body would not take action unless it it is more effective than action taken at a lower government level. (Source: ODE)
 
 basisbehoefte aan voedsel
 	English: basic food requirement
 	English definition: The minimum nutriments deemed necessary for a person of a particular age, gender, physiological condition and activity level to sustain life, health and growth. (Source: PAJ)
 
 basisvoeding
 	English: staple food
 	English definition: The most commonly or regularly eaten food in a country or community and which forms the mainstay of the total calorie supply, especially in the poorer populations and at times of food shortage. (Source: GUNN)
 
 batterij
 	English: battery
 	English definition: A series of cells, each containing the essentials for producing voltaic electricity, connected together. (Source: CEDa)
 
 batterijverwerking
 	English: battery disposal
 
 bebouwde kom
 	English: built-up area
 	English definition: Area which is full of houses, shops, offices and other buildings, with very little open space. (Source: PHC)
 
 bebouwde omgeving
 	English: built environment
 	English definition: That part of the physical surroundings which are people-made or people-organized, such as buildings and other major structures, roads, bridges and the like, down to lesser objects such as traffic lights, telephone and pillar boxes. (Source: GOOD)
 
 bedektbloemige planten
 	English: cryptogam
 	English definition: A large group of plants, comprising the Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta, the last of which are cryptogams. (Source: ALL)
 
 bedektzadigen
 	English: angiosperm
 	English definition: The class of seed plants that includes all the flowering plants, characterized by the possession of flowers. The ovules, which become seeds after fertilization, are enclosed in ovaries. The xylem contains true vessels. The angiospermae are divided into two subclasses: Monocotyledoneae and Dycotiledoneae. (Source: ALL)
 
 bederfwerend middel
 	English: preservative
 	English definition: A chemical added to foodstuffs to prevent oxidation, fermentation or other deterioration, usually by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. (Source: MGH)
 
 bedreigde diersoorten
 	English: endangered animal species
 	English definition: Animals, birds, fish or other living organisms threatened with extinction by natural or human-induced changes in their environment. (Source: TOE)
 
 bedreigde plantensoorten
 	English: endangered plant species
 	English definition: The plants threatened with extinction by human or natural changes in the environment. (Source: KOREN)
 
 bedreigde soorten
 	English: category of endangered species
 	English definition: Those of the planet's flora and fauna which are threatened with extinction. Hunting and poaching to fuel the trade in ivory, horn, skins, fur and feathers have long been a threat to already endangered species. Pollution, agricultural expansion, loss of wetlands, deforestation and other erosion of habitats have been added to the hazards. Human activity was responsible for most of the animals and plants known to have been lost in the past two centuries. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 bedreigde soorten
 	English: endangered species  (IUCN)
 	English definition: One of the three degrees of 'rarity' drawn up by the International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources. All plants and animals in these categories need special protection. Endangered species are those species in danger of extinction unless steps are taken to change the cause of threat and decline. (Source: BRACK)
 
 bedreiging van water
 	English: water endangering
 	English definition: Can be caused by a variety of means, e.g. farm pollution from animal wastes and silage liquor (liquors from green leaf cattle food which has had molasses added to promote fermentation and preservation; they are highly polluting and can be a seasonal cause of fish deaths in small streams), leachate from landfill sites, and spoil heaps, solvent discharge to sewers or to land and inadequate sewage treatment works. (Source: PORT)
 
 bedrijfsclassificatie
 	English: business classification
 	English definition: The categorization of enterprises or organizations involved in an economy. (Source: ISEP)
 
 bedrijfseconomie
 	English: business economics
 	English definition: The art of purchasing and selling goods from an economics perspective or a perspective involving the scientific study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. (Source: RHW)
 
 bedrijfsgeneeskunde
 	English: occupational medicine
 	English definition: The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment. (Source: MGH)
 
 bedrijfsgezondheid
 	English: occupational health
 	English definition: An area of statutory duty imposed on employers and employees in most countries, for the protection of the workforce from occupational diseases and stresses and physical hazards through adequate planning, ventilation, lighting, safeguards, safety and emergency procedures, routine inspections, monitoring, personal protection, etc. (Source: GILP96)
 
 bedrijfsgezondheidszorg
 	English: occupational health care
 
 bedrijfsgrootte
 	English: size of business
 
 bedrijfslawaai
 	English: commercial noise
 	English definition: Noise emitted from commercial activities.
 
 bedrijfsongeluk
 	English: work accident
 	English definition: Accident occurring in the course of the employment and caused by inherent or related factors arising from the operation of materials of one's occupation. (Source: KOREN)
 
 bedrijfsorganisatie
 	English: business organisation
 	English definition: A particular legal arrangement for owning a firm, the principal forms are sale trades, partnerships and companies/corporations; collective term for the system, function, process of planning, providing, coordinating, directing all efforts and resources in a business in order to achieve its goals.
 
 bedrijfstak
 	English: branch of activity
 	English definition: A specialized division of a business or other organization. (Source: RRDA)
 
 bedrijfstak
 	English: craft industry
 
 bedrijfsveiligheid
 	English: occupational safety
 	English definition: An area of statutory duty imposed on employers and employees in most countries, for the protection of the workforce from occupational disease and stresses and physical hazards through appropriate measures. (Source: GILP96)
 
 bedrijfsveiligheidsvoorschrift
 	English: occupational safety regulation
 	English definition: Law enacted to reduce the incidence among workers of personal injuries, illnesses, and deaths resulting from employment. (Source: BLACKa)
 
 bedrijfsvoertuig
 	English: commercial vehicle
 	English definition: Vehicle designed and equipped for the transportation of goods. (Source: RRDA)
 
 bedwinging (kernindustrie)
 	English: containment (nuclear industry)
 	English definition: The reinforced steel or concrete vessel that encloses a nuclear reactor. It is designed to withstand minor explosions in the core, to keep radionuclides from escaping into the environment, and to be safe against terrorist attack. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 beeindiging van een dienstverband
 	English: termination of employment
 	English definition: The act or instrument by which the binding force of a contract is terminated, irrespective of whether the contract is carried out to the full extent contemplated or is broken off before complete execution. (Source: WESTS)
 
 beek
 	English: brook
 	English definition: A small stream or rivulet, commonly swiftly flowing in rugged terrain, of lesser length and volume than a creek; especially a stream that issues directly from the ground, as from a spring or seep, or that is produced by heavy rainfall or melting snow. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 beeldclassificatie
 	English: image classification
 	English definition: Processing techniques which apply quantitative methods to the values in a digital yield or remotely sensed scene to group pixels with similar digital number values into feature classes or categories. (Source: DYNAMO)
 
 beeldclassificatie onder toezicht
 	English: supervised image classification
 	English definition: A graphical representation processing technique by which an analyst selects groups of pixels, determines their spectral response signature and trains a computer system to recognize pixels based on this spectral response pattern. (Source: TWS)
 
 beeldclassificatie zonder toezicht
 	English: unsupervised image classification
 	English definition: Unsupervised classification is a kind of classification which takes place with minimum input from the operator; no training sample is available and subdivision of the feature space is achieved by identifying natural groupings of the measurement vectors. (Source: GEOG /  YOUNG)
 
 beeldopslag
 	English: image registration
 	English definition: The process of linking map coordinates to control points with known earth-surface coordinates. Related term: coordinate systems. (Source: FORUMT)
 
 beeldpunt
 	English: pixel
 	English definition: A contraction of the words 'picture element'. The smallest unit of information in an image or raster map. Referred to as a resolution cell in an image or grid. (Source: JEFF)
 
 beeldversterking
 	English: image enhancement
 	English definition: In remote sensing, the filtering of data and other processes to manipulate pixels to produce an image that accentuates features of interest or visual interpretation. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 beeldverwerking
 	English: image processing
 	English definition: The process of converting 'raw' remotely sensed data into a usable form through the application of various transformations such as supervised and unsupervised classification schemes. (Source: FORUMT)
 
 beglazen
 	English: glaze
 	English definition: A coating of ice, generally clear and smooth but usually containing some air pockets, formed on exposed objects by the freezing of a film of supercooled water deposited by rain, drizzle, or fog, or possibly condensed from supercooled water vapour. (Source: MGH)
 
 begrazing
 	English: grazing
 	English definition: The vegetation on pastures that is available for livestock to feed upon. (Source: CED)
 
 begroting
 	English: budget
 	English definition: A balance sheet or statement of estimated receipts and expenditures. A plan for the coordination of resource and expenditures. The amount of money that is available for, required for, or assigned to a particular purpose. (Source: WESTS)
 
 begrotingsbeleid
 	English: budget policy
 	English definition: The programmatic use of a government's spending and revenue-generating activities to influence the economy and achieve specific objectives. (Source: MGHME)
 
 behandeling van gassen
 	English: treatment of gases
 	English definition: Gas is treated before it can be supplied to the marketplace. The extent to which gas needs to be processed will depend on its quality, the amount of associated impurities such as water, carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds, and the ultimate end-use for the gas. Common gaseous impurities found in natural gas are carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds. Both have an acidic reaction and are given the generic name 'acid gases'. These gases can be removed by a number of commercial processes, using either a physical or a chemical solvent. Physical solvent processes tend to be used where gas pressures are high and for gases with lower levels of propane and heavier hydrocarbons. (Source: SHELL)
 
 beheer
 	English: management
 	English definition: Government, control, superintendence, physical or manual handling or guidance; act of managing by direction or regulation, or administration, as management of family, or of household, etc. (Source: BLACK)
 
 beheer van (menselijke) vestigingen
 	English: human settlement management
 
 beheer van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen
 	English: resources management
 	English definition: A conscious process of decision-making whereby natural and cultural resources are allocated over time and space to optimize the attainment of stated objectives of a society, within the framework of its technology, political and social institutions, and legal and administrative arrangements. An important objective is the conservation of resources, implying a close and integrated relationship between the ecological basis and the socio-economic system. (Source: GOOD)
 
 beheer van aandelenkapitaal
 	English: stock management
 	English definition: The handling or controlling of accumulated materials or stored goods. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 beheer van de waterbronnen
 	English: water resources management
 	English definition: Measures and activities concerning the supply of water, the improvement of efficiency in its use, the reduction of losses and waste, water-saving practices to reduce costs and to slow the depletion of the water supply to ensure future water availability. (Source: EARTH1a)
 
 beheer van de waterhoeveelheid
 	English: water quantity management
 	English definition: The administration or handling of the amount of available potable water. (Source: RHW)
 
 beheer van een afwateringsgebied
 	English: watershed management
 	English definition: Use, regulation and treatment of water and land resources of a watershed to accomplish stated objectives. (Source: LANDY)
 
 beheer van toeristische activiteiten
 	English: touristic activity management
 	English definition: The administration, promotion, organization and planning for the business or industry of providing information, transportation, entertainment, accommodations and other services to travelers or visitors. (Source: RHW)
 
 beheersing van de woestijnvorming
 	English: desertification control
 	English definition: Remedial and preventive actions adopted against desertification include irrigation, planting of trees and grasses, the erection of fences to secure sand dunes, and a careful management of water resources. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 beheersing van het verkeerslawaai
 	English: traffic noise control
 	English definition: Traffic noise can be controlled by reduction at source, by fitting motor vehicles with silencers, by installing barriers which interrupt the direct path of sound or by insulating dwellings exposed to high noise levels, such as those related to motorways or airports. (Source: GRAHAWa)
 
 beheersing van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution control
 	English definition: Chemical and physical methods to lessen discharges of most pollutants; for carbon dioxide there is, at present, no economic or practical way to reduce the quantities discharged except by reduced fossil fuel usage. Most specific means for removing pollutants from emissions include flue-gas desulphurisation, fluidised combustion, catalytic converters and the redesign of equipment, such as furnace burners and car engines, to lessen the production of pollutants. (Source: BRACK)
 
 beheersingsmaatregel
 	English: control measure
 
 beheersplan
 	English: management plan
 	English definition: A program of action designed to reach a given set of objectives. (Source: LANDY)
 
 beheerste verbranding
 	English: controlled burning
 	English definition: The planned use of carefully controlled fire to accomplish predetermined management goals. The burn is set under a combination of weather, fuel moisture, soil moisture, and fuel arrangement conditions that allow the management objectives to be attained, and yet confine the fire to the planned area. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 beheerstechniek
 	English: management technique
 	English definition: systematic approach or method of performance for the accomplishment of administrative goals or tasks. (Source: RHW)
 
 behoefte
 	English: need
 	English definition: The fact or an instance of feeling the lack of something. (Source: CED)
 
 behoorlijk bestuur
 	English: good management
 	English definition: The competent, skillful and successful process of planning, leading and working toward the accomplishment or completion of goals, objectives and mission of an organization or institution. (Source: DAM)
 
 behoud
 	English: conservation
 
 behoud van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen
 	English: resource conservation
 	English definition: Reduction of overall resource consumption and utilization of recovered resources in order to avoid waste. (Source: KOREN)
 
 behoud van in het wild levende planten en dieren
 	English: wildlife conservation
 	English definition: A series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wild fauna and flora at a favourable status. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 behoud van natuurlijke hulpbronnen
 	English: natural resource conservation
 	English definition: The management of living and non-living resources in such a way as to sustain the maximum benefit for present and future generations. (Source: GILP96)
 
 bejaarde
 	English: elderly person
 	English definition: Someone who has reached the later stage of life or who has attained a specified age within that stage. (Source: RHW)
 
 bekendmaking
 	English: notice
 	English definition: Factual information, advice or a written warning communicated to a person by an authorized source, often conveyed because of a legal or administrative rule requiring transmission of such information to all concerned parties. (Source: BLD)
 
 bekendmaking van algemeen nut
 	English: declaration of public utility
 	English definition: Administrative Act giving the right to take private property for public use. (Source: BLACKa)
 
 bekledingsmateriaal
 	English: liner material
 	English definition: A layer of synthetic or natural materials, on the sides of or beneath a landfill, landfill cell or surface impoundment, that restricts the downward or lateral escape of liquids carrying leachate into the surrounding environment. (Source: ERG / ISEP)
 
 bekrachtiging
 	English: homologation
 	English definition: The approval given by the judge of certain acts and agreements for the purpose of rendering them more binding and executory. (Source: WESTS)
 
 belang
 	English: interest
 	English definition: A sum paid or charged for the use of money or for borrowing money over a given time period. (Source: RHW)
 
 belangenafweging
 	English: balancing of interests
 	English definition: Considering, weighing or counterbalancing the competing political or financial concerns of different parts of society, including industries, consumers, trade unions and other groups or organizations. (Source: OED / ISEP)
 
 belangenconflict
 	English: conflict of interests
 	English definition: Clash between public interest and the private pecuniary interest of the individual concerned. A situation in which regard for one duty tends to lead to disregard of another. (Source: BLACK)
 
 belangengroep
 	English: interest group
 	English definition: A group of people who share common traits, attitudes, beliefs or objectives and who have formed a formal organization to serve specific concerns of the membership. (Source: AUB)
 
 belangengroep
 	English: pressure group
 	English definition: Any politically active group with a common set of values about resource use allocation. Pressure groups seek to influence decisions on resource use allocation in excess of their proportional representation in the planned-for populace by seeking preferential consideration for their resource use choices. (Source: LANDY)
 
 belangrijk bestanddeel van het ecosysteem
 	English: valued ecosystem component
 	English definition: An appraised, evaluated or estimated element or ingredient of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings. (Source: TOE)
 
 belasting
 	English: tax
 	English definition: An amount of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or services, most frequently levied upon income, property or sales. (Source: RHW)
 
 belasting (heffen op)
 	English: taxation
 	English definition: The act or result of a government requiring money for its support or for specific facilities or services. (Source: RHW)
 
 belastingbeleid
 	English: taxation policy
 	English definition: The use of government tax and spendingpolicies to achieve desired macroeconomic goals. Accordingly, they involve discretionary efforts to adjust governmental tax and spending to induce changes in economic incentives and, hence, to stabilize fluctuations in aggregate demand. (Source: INDEDU)
 
 belastingstelsel
 	English: tax system
 	English definition: A co-ordinated body of methods or plan of procedures for levying compulsory charges for the purpose of raising revenue. (Source: ISEP /  EFP)
 
 belastingwet
 	English: tax law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government stipulating the sum of money and manner of collection it demands for governmental support, facilities and services, usually levied upon income, property, sales or other financial resources. (Source: RHW / BLD)
 
 beleid
 	English: policy
 
 beleid inzake natuurbehoud
 	English: nature conservation policy
 
 beleid van de plaatselijke overheid
 	English: local government policy
 	English definition: Any course of action adopted and pursued by a ruling political authority or system, which determines the affairs for a city, town, county or regional area. (Source: RHW)
 
 beleid voor radio-actief afval
 	English: radioactive waste management
 	English definition: The total supervision of the production, handling, processing, storage and transport of materials that contain radioactive nuclides and for which use, reuse or recovery are impractical. (Source: EIS / HMH)
 
 beleid waarbij men wordt verplicht overschrijdingen van uitstootmaxima elders te compenseren
 	English: offset policy (emissions trading)
 	English definition: Policy whereby emissions from a proposed new or modified stationary source are balanced by reductions from existing sources to stabilise total emissions. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 beleidsinstrumenten
 	English: policy instrument
 	English definition: The method or mechanism used by government, political parties, business or individuals to achieve a desired effect, through legal or economic means. (Source: RHW)
 
 beleidsintegratie
 	English: policy integration
 	English definition: The process of coordinating, harmonizing and unifying the goals and procedures of various offices or units of an organization. (Source: RHW)
 
 beleidsplanning
 	English: policy planning
 	English definition: The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate any course of action that may be adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization. (Source: RHW)
 
 beleidsregel
 	English: policy guideline
 
 beluchting
 	English: aeration
 	English definition: Exposition to the action of air. (Source: MGH)
 
 bemonstering milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution monitoring
 	English definition: The quantitative or qualitative measure of the presence, effect or level of any polluting substance in air, water or soil. (Source: GILP96)
 
 benadering
 	English: approach
 	English definition: The way or means of entry or access. (Source: CEDa)
 
 benzeen
 	English: benzene
 	English definition: A colorless, liquid, flammable, aromatic hydrocarbon used to manufacture styrene and phenol. Also known as benzol. (Source: MGH)
 
 benzine
 	English: petrol
 	English definition: A fuel for internal combustion engines consisting essentially of volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbons; derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, catalytic cracking, and alkilation. (Source: MGH)
 
 benzinemotor
 	English: gasoline engine
 	English definition: An internal combustion engine that uses a mixture of air and gasoline vapour as a fuel. (Source: MGH)
 
 benzopyreen
 	English: benzopyrene
 	English definition: A five-ring aromatic hydrocarbon found in coal tar, in cigarette smoke, and as a product of incomplete combustion. (Source: MGH)
 
 beoordeling per sector
 	English: sectoral assessment
 
 bepaling van natuurlijk erfgoed
 	English: natural heritage assessment
 	English definition: Evaluation of the natural structures, resources and landscapes to ensure their careful management and preservation. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 bepaling van vervuilende stoffen
 	English: identification of pollutants
 	English definition: The determination of the specific substance or substances that are causing pollution. (Source: RHW)
 
 bepalingsmethode
 	English: determination method
 	English definition: Method employed in the assessment or in the evaluation of a quantity, a quality, a fact, an event, etc. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 bereidheid tot betalen
 	English: willingness-to-pay
 
 berekening
 	English: calculation
 	English definition: The act, process or result of calculating. (Source: CED)
 
 berekeningsmethode
 	English: calculation method
 
 berg
 	English: mountain
 	English definition: A feature of the earth's surface that rises high above the base and has generally steep slopes and a relatively small summit area. Mountains are an important source of water, energy, minerals, forest and agricultural products, and recreation. They are storehouses of biological diversity and endangered species and an essential part of the global ecosystem. About 10% of the world's population depend on mountain resources and nearly half of these people are affected by the degradation of mountain watershed areas. (Source: MGH /  WRIGHT)
 
 bergbeheer
 	English: mountain management
 
 bergbescherming
 	English: mountain protection
 
 bergbos
 	English: mountain forest
 	English definition: An extensive area of woodland that is found at natural elevations usually higher than 2000 feet. (Source: RHW)
 
 berggebied
 	English: mountainous area
 	English definition: Area characterized by conspicuous peaks, ridges, or mountain ranges. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 berghut
 	English: mountain refuge
 	English definition: Any shelter or protection from distress or danger located in a predominantly mountainous area. (Source: RHW)
 
 berging
 	English: salvage
 	English definition: The act, process, or business of rescuing vessels or their cargoes from loss at sea. (Source: CED)
 
 bergketen
 	English: mountain range
 	English definition: A single, large mass consisting of a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, with or without peaks, closely related in position, direction, formation, and age. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 bergklimaat
 	English: mountain climate
 	English definition: Very generally, the climate of relatively high elevations; mountain climates are distinguished by the departure of their characteristics from those of surrounding lowlands, and the one common basis for this distinction is that of atmospheric rarefaction; aside from this, great variety is introduced by differences in latitude, elevation, and exposure to the sun; thus, there exists no single, clearly defined, mountain climate. Also known as highland climate. (Source: MGH)
 
 bergsport
 	English: mountaineering
 
 beroep
 	English: appeal
 	English definition: Resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court or administrative agency. (Source: BLACK)
 
 beroep
 	English: occupation
 
 beroep in de gezondheidszorg
 	English: health care profession
 
 beroepsbevolking
 	English: labour force
 
 beroepsgroenteteelt
 	English: market gardening
 	English definition: The business of growing fruit and vegetables on a commercial scale. (Source: CED)
 
 beroepsgroep
 	English: occupational group
 	English definition: A collection of people who earn their living by similar or identical means of work. (Source: RHW)
 
 beroepsleven
 	English: professional society
 	English definition: A group of persons engaged in the same profession, business, trade or craft that is organized or formally structured to attain common ends. (Source: RHW)
 
 beroepsopleiding
 	English: vocational training
 	English definition: A special training for a regular occupation or profession, especially, one for which one is specially suited or qualified.
 
 beroepsprocedure
 	English: appeal procedure
 	English definition: Procedure through which it is possible to resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court. (Source: BLACKa)
 
 beroepsstatus
 	English: occupational status
 
 beroepsvisserij
 	English: commercial fishery
 	English definition: Such fisheries belong to one of two groups: one catching demersal (bottom-living) fish, e.g. cod, haddock, plaice, sole; the other catching pelagic (surface-living) fish, e.g. anchovy, tuna, herring. (Source: GOOD)
 
 beroepsziekte
 	English: occupational disease
 	English definition: A functional or organic disease caused by factors arising from the operations or materials of an individual's industry, trade, or occupation. (Source: MGH)
 
 beryllium
 	English: beryllium
 	English definition: A corrosion-resistant, toxic silvery-white metallic element that occurs chiefly in beryl and is used mainly in x-ray windows and in the manufacture of alloys. (Source: CED)
 
 beschaving
 	English: culture (society)
 	English definition: The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits constituting a distinct complex of tradition of a racial or social group. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 beschermd estuarium
 	English: estuarine conservation area
 	English definition: Estuarine area which has been reserved by legislation to protect part or all of the enclosed environment for conservation, scientific, educational and/or recreational purposes. (Source: ENVAUa)
 
 beschermd gebied
 	English: protected area
 	English definition: Portions of land protected by special restrictions and laws for the conservation of the natural environment. They include large tracts of land set aside for the protection of wildlife and its habitat; areas of great natural beauty or unique interest; areas containing rare forms of plant and animal life; areas representing unusual geologic formation; places of historic and prehistoric interest; areas containing ecosystems of special importance for scientific investigation and study; and areas which safeguard the needs of the biosphere. (Source: DODERO /  WPR)
 
 beschermd landschap
 	English: landscape protection area
 	English definition: Area where landscape is protected for its particular features in order to maintain its role in contributing to the wider enjoyment of the countryside. (Source: RRDA)
 
 beschermd landschap
 	English: protected landscape
 	English definition: Natural or man-made areas which have been reserved for conservation, scientific, educational and/or recreational purposes. (Source: RRDA)
 
 beschermd marien gebied
 	English: protected marine zone
 	English definition: Sea area where marine wildlife is protected. (Source: PHC)
 
 beschermd stroomgebied
 	English: water protection area
 	English definition: Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater. (Source: AZENP)
 
 beschermd zeegebied
 	English: marine conservation area
 	English definition: Any section of a sea or ocean designated for special protection, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems. (Source: RHW)
 
 beschermde soorten
 	English: protected species
 	English definition: Threatened, vulnerable or endangered species which are protected from extinction by preventive measures. (Source: RAMADE)
 
 bescherming
 	English: protection
 	English definition: The act of defending from trouble, harm, attack, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 bescherming genetisch materiaal
 	English: conservation of genetic resources
 	English definition: Controlled utilization, protection and development of the gene pool of natural and cultivated organisms to ensure variety and variability and for current and potential value to human welfare. (Source: TOE / ISEP)
 
 bescherming soorten
 	English: conservation of species
 	English definition: Controlled utilization, protection or development of selected classes of plants or animals for their richness, biodiversity and benefits to humanity. (Source: TOE / EEN)
 
 bescherming tegen buren
 	English: protection from neighbours
 
 bescherming tegen lawaaihinder
 	English: noise protection
 	English definition: Adoption of measures for controlling noise pollution, such as restriction of the emission of noise from industrial, commercial and domestic premises, from motor vehicles and aircrafts, the provision of noise barriers and buffer zones, the fitting of sound attenuation equipment, etc. (Source: CONFERa /  GILP96a)
 
 bescherming tegen lawines
 	English: avalanche protection
 	English definition: The total of measures and devices implemented to protect people, property or natural resources from avalanche conditions, including avalanche forecasting and warning, avalanche zoning, ski testing and the use of explosives and other equipment to stabilize an avalanche area. (Source: ALL / AVA)
 
 bescherming tegen overstroming
 	English: flood protection
 	English definition: Precautionary measures, equipment or structures implemented to guard or defend people, property and lands from an unusual accumulation of water above the ground. (Source: ALL / WWC)
 
 bescherming van de aardoliebronnen
 	English: conservation of petroleum resources
 	English definition: Controlled utilization, protection and development of  exploited and potentially exploitable sources of crude oil to meet current demand and ensure future requirements. (Source: MHE)
 
 bescherming van de milieuhygiene
 	English: environmental health protection
 	English definition: Measures or devices designed to reduce the risk of harm to human health posed by pollutants or other threatening conditions in the ecosystem. (Source: TOE)
 
 bescherming van de zeerijkdommen
 	English: marine resources conservation
 
 bescherming van een stroomgebied
 	English: water catchment protection
 	English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of drainage areas used to catch water, such as reservoirs or basins. (Source: RHW)
 
 bescherming van in het wild levende planten en dieren
 	English: wildlife protection
 	English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to animals, plants and other organisms living in their natural state. (Source: RHW)
 
 bescherming van natuurgebieden
 	English: natural areas protection
 	English definition: Active management of nature areas in order to ensure that wildlife is protected and the quality of its environment is maintained. (Source: PHCa)
 
 bescherming van zeewater
 	English: sea water protection
 
 beschermingsmaatregel
 	English: protective measure
 	English definition: Any precautionary action, procedure or installation conceived or undertaken to guard or defend from harm persons, property or the environment. (Source: RHW)
 
 beschermingssysteem
 	English: protection system
 	English definition: A series of procedures and devices designed to preserve people, property or the environment from injury or harm. (Source: RHW)
 
 beschikking
 	English: decree
 	English definition: A declaration of the court announcing the legal consequences of the facts found. (Source: BLACK)
 
 beslaglegging
 	English: sequestration
 	English definition: 1) A legal term referring generally to the act of valuable property being taken into custody by an agent of the court and locked away for safekeeping, usually to prevent the property from being disposed of or abused before a dispute over its ownership can be resolved.2) The taking of someone's property, voluntarily (by deposit) or involuntarily (by seizure), by court officers or into the possession of a third party, awaiting the outcome of a trial in which ownership of that property is at issue. (Source: DUC /  EMBMO)
 
 beslaglegging op de winst
 	English: seizure of profits
 	English definition: The official or legally authorized act of taking away monetary gain or surplus resulting from investments or property or from returns, proceeds or revenue in a business or business transaction. (Source: RHW)
 
 beslissing
 	English: decision
 	English definition: Means the exercise of agency authority at any stage of an undertaking where alterations might be made in the undertaking to modify its impact upon historic and cultural properties. (Source: LANDY)
 
 beslissingsondersteunend systeem
 	English: decision-support system
 	English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources that analyzes, typically, business data and presents it so that users can make business decisions more easily. (Source: WIC)
 
 besluit
 	English: resolution (act)
 	English definition: A formal expression of the opinion of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote, as a legislative resolution. (Source: BLACK)
 
 besluitvormingsondersteuning
 	English: decision making support
 
 besluitvormingsproces
 	English: decision process
 
 besmettelijke ziekte
 	English: infectious disease
 	English definition: Pathogenic condition resulting from invasion of an host by a pathogen that propagates causing infection. (Source: KOREN)
 
 besmetting van gewassen
 	English: infestation of crops
 	English definition: Invasion of crop by parasites. Among vertebrate animals, many crop pests are mammals, especially in the order of rodents and birds. Among invertebrates, certain species of gastropods and a large number of roundworms from the class of nematodes harm crops. The most varied and numerous species of crop pests are arthropods-insects, arachnids and some species of millipedes and crustaceans. Diseases vary from viral, bacterial, and nutritional to fungal, environmental and non-specific. The FAO has estimated that annual worldwide losses done by plant pests and diseases amount to approximately 20-25% of the potential worldwide yield of food crops. (Source: RRDA /  WPR)
 
 besparing
 	English: saving
 	English definition: The amount of current income which is not spent for survival or enjoyment. (Source: MGHME)
 
 bestaande chemicalieen
 	English: existing chemical
 	English definition: Chemical products existing before 18-09-1981. (Source: RRDA)
 
 besteding
 	English: expenditure
 	English definition: Spending by consumers, investors, or government for goods or services. (Source: ISEP /  ODE)
 
 bestemming
 	English: allocation
 	English definition: The assignment or allotment of resources to various uses in accord with a stated goal or policy. (Source: ODE)
 
 bestemmingsplan
 	English: allocation plan
 	English definition: The formulation and application of such measures as laws, economic plans, urbanism, etc., to ensure a balance between the population's needs and the country's resources. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 bestraling
 	English: irradiation
 	English definition: To subject to or treat with light or other electromagnetic radiation or with beams of particles. (Source: CED)
 
 bestrijding (van plagen)
 	English: pest control
 	English definition: Keeping down the number of pests by killing them or preventing them from attacking. (Source: PHC)
 
 bestrijding van (milieu)verontreiniging
 	English: pollution abatement
 	English definition: The reduction in degree or intensity of pollution in soil, rivers, lakes, seas, atmosphere, etc. (Source: PHC /  LANDY)
 
 bestrijdingsmiddel
 	English: pesticide
 	English definition: A general term for chemical agents that are used in order to kill unwanted plants, animals pests or disease-causing fungi, and embracing insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, etc. Some pesticides have had widespread disruptive effects among non-target species. (Source: ALL)
 
 besturingsgegevens
 	English: operating data
 	English definition: Data referring to the practical carrying-out of a process. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 bestuur
 	English: administration
 	English definition: The management or direction of the affairs of a public or private office, business or organization. (Source: RHW)
 
 bestuurlijke administratie
 	English: management accounting
 	English definition: The collection and processing of financial information to assist with the handling, direction, or control of an organization. (Source: ODE / RHW)
 
 bestuurlijke goedkeuring
 	English: administrative fiat
 	English definition: An authoritative decree, sanction or order issued from an office with executive or managerial authority, without necessarily having the force of law or its equivalent. (Source: RHW / BLD)
 
 bestuurlijke grens
 	English: administrative boundary
 	English definition: A limit or border of a geographic area under the jurisdiction of some governmental or managerial entity. (Source: RHW)
 
 bestuursbevoegdheid
 	English: administrative competence
 	English definition: The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority to manage or direct the affairs of a public or private office, business or organization. (Source: RHW)
 
 bestuurslichaam
 	English: administrative body
 	English definition: Any governmental agency or organization charged with managing and implementing regulations, laws and government policies. (Source: BLD)
 
 bestuursovereenkomst
 	English: management contract
 	English definition: A legal agreement between two or more parties of employers and workers that outlines the administrative or supervisory work that is expected in exchange for certain payments and working conditions. (Source: ODE)
 
 betaalbare huisvesting
 	English: low-cost housing
 	English definition: Residences built at minimal expense and designed to keep the rental rate or price of purchase affordable for persons with limited means, usually determined by an annual income level set below the local median. (Source: NAH)
 
 beta-straling
 	English: beta radiation
 	English definition: Name given to the ionizing radiation which is produced as a stream of high speed electrons emitted by certain types of radioactive substance when they decay. The intensity of radiation energy produced in human tissue by a beta particle is a hundred times less than that produced by an alpha radiation particle, but it travels slightly deeper into tissue. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 beton
 	English: concrete
 	English definition: A mixture of aggregate, water, and a binder, usually Portland cement; it hardens to stonelike condition when dry. (Source: MGH)
 
 betonnijverheid
 	English: concrete products industry
 
 betrouwbaarheid
 	English: reliability
 	English definition: The likelihood that an instrument, device or process will function properly under defined conditions for a specified period of time. (Source: QAG)
 
 beveiliging van gebouwen tegen seismische activiteit
 	English: seismic engineering
 	English definition: The study of the behavior of foundations and structures relative to seismic ground motion, and the attempt to mitigate the effect of earthquakes on structures. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 beveiligingsstelsel
 	English: safety system
 	English definition: A unified, coordinated assemblage or plan of procedures and devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 bevloeiing
 	English: irrigation
 	English definition: 1) To supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow or grow stronger. (Source: CAMB /  WRIGHT)
 
 bevloeiingskanaal
 	English: irrigation canal
 	English definition: A permanent irrigation conduit constructed to convey water from the source of supply to one or more farms. (Source: NALMS)
 
 bevloeiingslandbouw
 	English: irrigation farming
 	English definition: Farming based on the artificial distribution and application of water to arable land to initiate and maintain plant growth. (Source: GOODa)
 
 bevloeiingssysteem
 	English: irrigation system
 	English definition: A system of man-made channels for supplying water to land to allow plants to grow. (Source: PHC)
 
 bevoegdheidsverklaring
 	English: certification
 	English definition: The formal assertion in writing of some fact. (Source: BLACK)
 
 bevolking
 	English: human population
 	English definition: Group of individuals having common characteristics. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 bevolkingsdemografie
 	English: population dynamics
 	English definition: The process of numerical and structural change within populations resulting from births, deaths, and movements. (Source: LANDY)
 
 bevolkingsdichtheid
 	English: population density
 	English definition: The number of people relative to the space occupied by them. (Source: GOOD)
 
 bevolkingsgroei
 	English: population growth
 	English definition: An increase in the total number of inhabitants of a country, city, district or area. (Source: RHW)
 
 bevolkingsontwikkeling
 	English: population movement
 	English definition: Any shift or migration of a statistically significant number of persons inhabiting a country, district or area. (Source: RHW)
 
 bevolkingsspreiding
 	English: population distribution
 	English definition: The density, dispersal pattern and apportionment of the total number of persons in any area. (Source: RHW / EEN)
 
 bevolkingsstructuur
 	English: population structure
 	English definition: The organization of, and inter-relationships among, inhabitants of a given region, country or city. (Source: RHW)
 
 bevolkingstrend
 	English: population trend
 	English definition: The direction of change in the total number of persons inhabiting a country, city, district or area. (Source: RHW / WMA)
 
 bevordering van de (volks)gezondheid
 	English: sanitation
 	English definition: The study and use of practical measures for the preservation of public health. (Source: CED)
 
 bevordering van het zakenleven
 	English: promotion of trade and industry
 	English definition: Any activity that encourages or supports the buying, selling or exchanging of goods or services with other countries, which could include marketing, diplomatic pressure or the provision of export incentives such as credits and guarantees, government subsidies, training and consultation or advice. (Source: ODE)
 
 beweeglijkheid door de ruimte
 	English: spatial mobility
 	English definition: The rate of moves or migrations made by a given population within a given time frame. (Source: CEN)
 
 bewoner
 	English: inhabitant
 	English definition: A person occupying a region, town, house, country, etc.
 
 bewustmakingscampagne
 	English: public awareness campaign
 	English definition: An organized, systematic effort through various communications media to alert the general population of a given area to anything of significant interest or concern. (Source: RHW)
 
 bezinking
 	English: sedimentation (industrial process)
 	English definition: The separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid in which it is suspended by settling under the influence of gravity or centrifugation. (Source: MGH)
 
 bezinking van afvalwater in een bekken
 	English: lagooning
 	English definition: The process in which sunlight, bacterial action and oxygen cause self-purification in waste water, Usually taking place in a shallow pond, or system of such ponds. (Source: TOEa)
 
 bezinkingstank
 	English: settling tank
 	English definition: A tank into which a two-phase mixture is fed and the entrained solids settle by gravity during storage. (Source: MGH)
 
 bezinkingsvijver
 	English: stabilisation lagoon
 	English definition: Ponds in which wastes are allowed to decompose over long periods of time and aeration is provided only by wind action. Sunlight is allowed to fall on sewage to purify it. (Source: PARCOR /  PHC)
 
 bezwaar
 	English: objection
 	English definition: The act of a party who objects to some matter or proceeding in the course of a trial or an argument or reason urged by him in support of his contention that the matter or proceeding objected to is improper or illegal. (Source: BLACK)
 
 bibliografie
 	English: bibliography
 	English definition: A complete or selective listing of documents by a given subject, author or publisher, often including the description and identification of the editions, dates of issue, titles, authorship, publishers or other written materials. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
 
 bibliografische informatie
 	English: bibliographic information
 	English definition: Data pertaining to the history, physical description, comparison, and classification of books and other works. (Source: RHW)
 
 bibliografische informatiesysteem
 	English: bibliographic information system
 	English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources organized for the exchange of data pertaining to the history, physical description, comparison, and classification of books and other works. (Source: RHW)
 
 bibliotheek
 	English: library
 	English definition: Place where books and other literary materials are kept. (Source: CED)
 
 bibliotheekdienst
 	English: library service
 	English definition: The duties of an establishment, or a public institution, charged with the care and organizing of a collection of printed and other materials, and the duty of interpreting such materials to meet the informational, cultural, educational, recreational or research needs of its clients. (Source: OED /  LFS)
 
 bijen
 	English: bee
 	English definition: Any of the membranous-winged insects which compose the superfamily Apoidea in the order Hymenoptera characterized by a hairy body and by sucking and chewing mouthparts. (Source: MGH)
 
 bijenbescherming
 	English: bee conservation
 	English definition: The care, preservation and husbandry of hymenopterous insects valued for their ability to pollinate crops and other flora or for their production of honey. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 bijenteelt
 	English: apiculture
 	English definition: Large-scale commercial beekeeping. (Source: MGH)
 
 bijkomende lijsten
 	English: accessory lists
 
 bijvangst
 	English: by-catch
 	English definition: Incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing; it is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. (Source: WPR)
 
 bijwerking
 	English: side effect
 	English definition: Any secondary effect, especially an undesirable one. (Source: CED)
 
 bijwerkingen van geneesmiddelen
 	English: side effects of pharmaceutical drugs
 
 bijzonder afval
 	English: special waste
 	English definition: Waste which must be handled in a particular manner and for which particular rules apply.
 
 bijzonder industrieel afval
 	English: special industrial waste
 	English definition: Discarded material produced in any industrial process for which there is no specified mode of disposal. (Source: INW)
 
 bijzondere heffing
 	English: exceptional tax
 	English definition: Compulsory charges levied by a government unit in special or unique instances for the purpose of raising revenue to pay for services or improvements for the general public benefit. (Source: EFP / RHW)
 
 bijzondere wet
 	English: special law
 	English definition: One relating to particular persons or things; one made for individual cases or for particular places or districts; one operating upon a selected class, rather than upon the public generally. A law is special when it is different from others of the same general kind or designed for a particular purpose, or limited in range or confined to a prescribed field of action or operation.
 
 bilaterale overeenkomst
 	English: bilateral convention
 	English definition: An international agreement, especially one dealing with a specific matter, involving two or both sides, factions, or the like. (Source: RRDA)
 
 binding van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant immobilisation
 	English definition: The treatment process used to reduce the solubility of pollutants in order to minimize possible migration or leaching or to prepare for their disposal. (Source: FFD)
 
 binnengrens
 	English: sub-national boundary
 	English definition: The line demarcating a territory located within the limits of a State. (Source: GOODa)
 
 binnenlands beheersprogramma
 	English: national conservation programme
 
 binnenlandse handel
 	English: domestic trade
 	English definition: Trade wholly carried on at home; as distinguished from foreign commerce. (Source: WESTS)
 
 binnenlandse migratie
 	English: internal migration
 	English definition: A population shift occurring within national or territorial boundaries, often characterized by persons seeking labor opportunities in more advantageous areas. (Source: ISEP)
 
 binnenmilieu
 	English: indoor environment
 	English definition: Environment situated in the inside of a house or other building. (Source: CED)
 
 binnenstad
 	English: city centre
 	English definition: The central part of a city. (Source: CAMB)
 
 binnenstad
 	English: inner city
 	English definition: 1) Part of a city at or near the centre, especially a slum area where poor people live in bad housing.2) City centres of many industrialized countries which exhibit environmental degradation. The numerous and highly competitive activities entailing land use overwhelm the limited space and create a situation of overcrowding, functional incompatibility and cultural degradation. Inner city areas have a high level of commercial specialization, a large number of offices and a sizeable daytime population. At the same time, city centres generally remain a sort of ghetto for a permanent, low-income population living in run-down housing and enjoying little in the way of public services and civic amenities. The concentration of service industries inevitably entails the replacement of traditional housing and shops by office blocks, the provision of basic utilities at the expense of civic amenities and the provision of major access roads which eat up urban space. Structures of historic origin are often unable to meet modern requirements and, notwithstanding their value, frequently face demolition. (Source: PHC /  WPR)
 
 binnenvaart
 	English: inland navigation
 	English definition: The navigation of inland waterways, i.e. navigable rivers, canals, sounds, lakes, inlets, etc.
 
 binnenvisserij
 	English: inland fishery
 	English definition: Fishing grounds located in lakes, streams, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 binnenwater
 	English: inland water
 	English definition: A lake, river, or other body of water wholly within the boundaries of a state. (Source: MGH)
 
 binnenwatervervoer
 	English: inland waterways transport
 	English definition: Transportation of persons and goods by boats travelling on rivers, channels or lakes. (Source: RRDA)
 
 bio-accumulatie
 	English: bioaccumulation
 	English definition: 1) The accumulation of pollutants in living organisms by direct adsorption or through food chains. 2) Accumulation by an organism of materials that are not an essential component or nutrient of that organism. Usually it refers to the accumulation of metals, but it can apply to bioaccumulation of persistent synthetic substances such as organochlorine compounds. Many organisms, such as plants, fungi and bacteria, will accumulate metals when grown in solutions containing them. The process can be employed usefully as a purification process to remove toxic heavy metals from waste water and contaminated land. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 bio-accumulatieve verontreinigende stof
 	English: bioaccumulative pollutant
 	English definition: Pollutants that become concentrated in living organisms through the consumption of food or water. (Source: KORENa)
 
 biobeschikbaarheid
 	English: bio-availability
 	English definition: The extent to which a drug or other substance is taken up by a specific tissue or organ after administration. (Source: ZINZAN /  CEDa)
 
 bioc(o)enose
 	English: biocoenosis
 	English definition: A community or natural assemblage of organisms; often used as an alternative to ecosystem but strictly is the fauna/flora association excluding physical aspects of the environment. (Source: LBC)
 
 biochemie
 	English: biochemistry
 	English definition: The study of chemical substances occurring in living organisms and the reactions and methods for identifying these substances. (Source: MGH)
 
 biochemische methode
 	English: biochemical method
 	English definition: Method based on the utilisation of a biochemical mechanism, e.g. any chemical reaction or series of reactions, usually enzyme catalysed, which produces a given physiological effect in a living organism. (Source: BIOHW)
 
 biochemische processen
 	English: biochemical process
 	English definition: Chemical processes occurring in living organisms. (Source: PHCa)
 
 biochemische stoffen
 	English: biochemical substance
 	English definition: Chemical substances that occur in animals, microorganisms, and plants. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 biochemische zuurstofverbruik
 	English: biochemical oxygen demand
 	English definition: The amount of oxygen used for biochemical oxidation by a unit volume of water at a given temperature and for a given time. BOD is an index of the degree of organic pollution in water. (Source: LBC)
 
 biocide
 	English: biocide
 	English definition: A diverse group of poisonous substance including preservatives, insecticides, disinfectants and pesticides used for the control of organisms that are harmful to human or animal health or that cause damage to natural or manufactured products. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 bioclimatologie
 	English: bioclimatology
 	English definition: The study of climate in relation to fauna and flora. (Source: LBC)
 
 bioconcentratie factor
 	English: bioconcentration factor
 	English definition: The quotient of the concentration of a chemical in aquatic organisms at a specific time or during a discrete time period of exposure, divided by the concentration in the surrounding water at the same time or during the same period. (Source: KOREN)
 
 biodiversiteit
 	English: biodiversity
 	English definition: 1) Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an area (grassland, marsh, and woodland for instance.2) An umbrella term to describe collectively the variety and variability of nature. It encompasses three basic levels of organisation in living systems: the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Plant and animal species are the most commonly recognized units of biological diversity, thus public concern has been mainly devoted to conserving species diversity. (Source: WRES /  GILP96)
 
 bio-ethiek
 	English: bioethics
 	English definition: The study of ethical problems arising from biological research and its applications in such fields as organ transplantation, genetic engineering, or artificial insemination. (Source: CED)
 
 biofilter
 	English: trickling filter
 	English definition: A system of secondary sewage treatment which is similar to self-purification action of streams; it is more accurately a biological oxidizing bed; the effluent is placed on the stones in the bed and microorganisms present consume the solids as a food supply. (Source: KOREN)
 
 biofiltratie
 	English: biofiltration
 	English definition: The distribution of settled sewage on a bed of inert granular material through which it is allowed to percolate. In doing so, the effluent is aerated thus allowing aerobic bacteria and fungi to reduce its biochemical oxygen demand. (Source: PORT)
 
 biofysica
 	English: biophysics
 	English definition: The hybrid science involving the application of physical principles and methods to study and explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of life processes. (Source: MGH)
 
 biogas
 	English: biogas
 	English definition: Gas, rich in methane, which is produced by the fermentation of animal dung, human sewage or crop residues in an air-tight container. It is used as a fuel, to heat stoves, lamps, run small machines and to generate electricity. The residues of biogas production are used as a low-grade organic fertilizer. Biogas fuels do not usually cause any pollution to the atmosphere, and because they come from renewable energy resources they have great potential for future use. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 biogeochemie
 	English: biogeochemistry
 
 biogeochemische cyclus
 	English: biogeochemical cycle
 	English definition: Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 biogeografie
 	English: biogeography
 	English definition: The science concerned with the geographical distribution of animal and plant life. (Source: MGH)
 
 biogeografische gebieden
 	English: biogeographical region
 	English definition: Area of the Earth's surface defined by the species of fauna and flora it contains. (Source: ALL)
 
 bio-indicator
 	English: biological indicator
 	English definition: A species or organism that is used to grade environmental quality or change. (Source: ALL)
 
 biologie
 	English: biology
 	English definition: A division of the natural sciences concerned with the study of life and living organisms. (Source: MGH)
 
 biologie
 	English: biology
 
 biologie in riviermonding
 	English: estuarine biology
 	English definition: The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with freshwater. (Source: WOR / MHE / APD)
 
 biologisch bosreservaat
 	English: forest biological reserve
 	English definition: Forest areas which are protected and guarded from deforestation because of the fragility of its ecosystems, and because they provide habitats for hundreds of species of plants and animals. (Source: TOURISa)
 
 biologisch effect
 	English: biological effect
 	English definition: Biological effects include allergic reactions, respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity diseases and infectious diseases and can be caused by a variety of contaminants and pollutants. (Source: RRDA)
 
 biologisch effect van vervuiling
 	English: biological effect of pollution
 	English definition: Effects of pollution on living systems. (Source: RRDA)
 
 biologisch erfgoed
 	English: biological heritage
 	English definition: The inheritance and preservation of the earth's or a particular region's balanced, integrated functionality as a natural habitat, with special concern for the water resources necessary to maintain the ecosystem. (Source: TOE)
 
 biologisch reserve
 	English: biological reserve
 	English definition: An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. (Source: GOOD)
 
 biologische (hulp)bronnen
 	English: biological resource
 	English definition: Wild organisms harvested for subsistence, commerce, or recreation (such as fish, game, timber or furbearers); domesticated organisms raised by agriculture, aquaculture, and silviculture; and ecosystems cropped by livestock. (Source: WPR)
 
 biologische activiteit
 	English: biological activity
 
 biologische afvalverwerking
 	English: biological waste treatment
 	English definition: A generic term applied to processes that use microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of biological waste treatment is to control either the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and to provide a means for maintaining high concentrations of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes.
 
 biologische afvalwaterverwerking
 	English: biological wastewater treatment
 	English definition: Types of wastewater treatment in which biochemical or bacterial action is intensified to oxidize and stabilize the unstable organic matter present. Examples of this type of treatment use intermittent sand filters, trickling filters, and activated sludge processes and sludge digestion. (Source: WWC)
 
 biologische analyse
 	English: biological analysis
 	English definition: The analysis of a substance in order to ascertain its influence on living organisms. (Source: PHCa)
 
 biologische bestrijding
 	English: biological pest control
 	English definition: Any living organism applied to or introduced into the environment that is intended to function as a pesticide against another organism declared to be a pest. (Source: LEE)
 
 biologische bodem(hulp)bronnen
 	English: terrestrial biological resource
 	English definition: Any source of supply derived from plants, animals or other wildlife inhabiting land or ground, which may be used by humans for food, clothes and other necessities. (Source: RHW)
 
 biologische brandstof
 	English: biofuel
 	English definition: A gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel that contains an energy content derived from a biological source. The organic matter that makes up living organisms provides a potential source of trapped energy that is beginning to be exploited to supply the ever-increasing energy demand around the world. An example of a biofuel is rapeseed oil, which can be used in place of diesel fuel in modified engines. The methyl ester of this oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), can be used in unmodified diesel engines and is sometimes known as biodiesel. Other biofuels include biogas and gasohol. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 biologische cyclus
 	English: biological cycle
 	English definition: A series of transformations or biological events which follow one after the other one, reaching at the end of the cycle the initial conditions, as in the life cycle of many animal and plant organisms. (Source: DELFIN)
 
 biologische eigenschap
 	English: biological attribute
 	English definition: Properties or features belonging to living organisms. (Source: CEDa)
 
 biologische landbouw
 	English: organic farming
 	English definition: Farming without the use of industrially made fertilizers or pesticides. (Source: ALL)
 
 biologische ontwikkeling
 	English: biological development
 	English definition: The action of growing of living organisms. (Source: RRDA)
 
 biologische processen
 	English: biological process
 	English definition: Processes concerning living organisms. (Source: CEDa)
 
 biologische productie
 	English: biological production
 	English definition: 1) The amount and rate of production which occur in a given ecosystem over a given time period. It may apply to a single organism, a population, or entire communities and ecosystems.2) The quantity of organic matter or its equivalent in dry matter, carbon, or energy content which is accumulated during a given period of time. (Source: PARCOR /  MGH)
 
 biologische proef
 	English: biological test
 	English definition: The laboratory determination of the effects of substances upon specific living organisms. (Source: GILP96)
 
 biologische stikstoffixatie
 	English: biological nitrogen fixation
 
 biologische verontreiniger
 	English: biological pollutant
 	English definition: Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that may be present in the environment and cause many health effects. (Source: KORENa)
 
 biologische verontreiniging
 	English: biological pollution
 	English definition: Disturbance of the ecological balance by the accidental or deliberate introduction of a foreign organism, animal or plant species into an environment. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 biologische vervuiling
 	English: biological contamination
 	English definition: The presence in the environment of living organisms or agents derived by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that can cause many health effects. (Source: KORENa)
 
 biologische verwerking
 	English: biological treatment
 	English definition: Process that uses microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, or into simpler organic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of a biological treatment system is to control the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and provide a means for maintaining high concentration of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 biologische wapen
 	English: biological weapon
 	English definition: Living organisms (or infective material derived from them) which are intended to cause disease or death in animals, plants, or man, and which depend for their effects on their ability to multiply in the person, animal or plant attacked. Various living organisms (for example, rickettsiae, viruses and fungi), as well as bacteria, can be used as weapons. (Source: WPR)
 
 biologische waterbalans
 	English: biological water balance
 	English definition: The amount of ingoing and outgoing water in a system, which are assumed to be equal in the long term so that the water budget will balance. (Source: ALL)
 
 biologische zuivering van overtollig gas
 	English: biological waste gas purification
 	English definition: Processes for removing impurities from waste gas based on the employing of microorganisms. (Source: BIOTGLa)
 
 bioluminiscentie
 	English: bioluminescence
 	English definition: The production of light of various colors by living organisms (e.g. some bacteria and fungi, glow-worms and many marine animals). Luminescence is produced by a biochemical reaction, which is catalyzed by an enzyme. In some animals the light is used as a mating signal; in others it may be a protective device. In deep-sea forms luminous organs may serve as lanterns. (Source: MGH)
 
 biomarker
 	English: biomarker
 	English definition: A normal metabolite that, when present in abnormal concentrations in certain body fluids, can indicate the presence of a particular disease or toxicological condition. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 biomassa
 	English: biomass
 	English definition: Biomass refers strictly speaking to the total weight of all the living things in an ecosystem. However, it has come to refer to the amount of plant and crop material that could be produced in an ecosystem for making biofuels and other raw materials used in industry, for example. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 biomassa-energie
 	English: biomass energy
 	English definition: A renewable energy source that makes use of such biofuels as methane (biogas) generated by sewage, farm, industrial, or household organic waste materials. Other biofuels include trees grown in so-called 'energy forests' or other plants, such as sugar cane, grown for their energy potential. Biomass energy relies on combustion and therefore produces carbon dioxide; its use would not, therefore, alleviate the greenhouse effect. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 bio-monitoring
 	English: biological monitoring
 	English definition: The direct measurement of changes in the biological status of a habitat, based on evaluations of the number and distribution of individuals or species before and after a change. (Source: ALL)
 
 bioreactor
 	English: bioreactor
 	English definition: A container, such as a large fermentation chamber, for growing living organisms that are used in the industrial production of substances such as pharmaceuticals, antibodies, or vaccines. (Source: PORT)
 
 bioritme
 	English: biorhythm
 	English definition: A cyclically recurring pattern of physiological states in an organism or organ, such as alpha rhythm or circadian rhythm; believed by some to affect physical and mental states and behaviour. (Source: CED)
 
 biosfeer
 	English: biosphere
 	English definition: That part of the Earth and atmosphere capable of supporting living organisms. (Source: LBC)
 
 biosfeer(organismen,ecosystemen)
 	English: biosphere (organisms, ecosystems)
 
 biosynthese
 	English: biosynthesis
 	English definition: Production, by synthesis or degradation, of a chemical compound by a living organism. (Source: MGH)
 
 biotechnologie
 	English: biological engineering
 	English definition: The application of engineering principles and techniques to living organisms. It is largely concerned with the design of replacement body parts, such as limbs, heart valves, etc. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 biotechnologie
 	English: biotechnology
 	English definition: A combination of biology and technology. It is used to describe developments in the application of biological organisms for commercial and scientific purposes. So 'bio' stands for biology and the science of life, and 'tech' stands for technology, or the tools and techniques that the biotechnologists have in their workbox. Those tools and techniques include microorganisms and a range of methods for manipulating them, such as genetic engineering. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 biotechnologie in de landbouw
 	English: agricultural biotechnology
 
 biotechnologie met betrekking tot de gezondheid
 	English: health-related biotechnology
 	English definition: Health-related biotechnologies are concerned with large-molecule protein pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, etc. (Source: BIOTAZ /  DELFINa)
 
 biotechnologisch gevaar
 	English: biotechnological hazard
 	English definition: A danger to humans, animals or the environment posed by the application of advanced biological techniques in the manufacture of industrial products, such as the risk or harm that results from exposure to infectious bacteria, viruses or fungi. (Source: APD / FFD)
 
 biotische factor
 	English: biotic factor
 	English definition: The influence upon the environment of organisms owing to the presence and activities of other organisms, as distinct from a physical, abiotic, environmental factor. (Source: ALL2)
 
 biotische index
 	English: biotic index
 	English definition: Scale for showing the quality of an environment by indicating the types of organisms present in it (e.g. how clean a river is). (Source: PHC)
 
 biotoop
 	English: biotope
 	English definition: A region of relatively uniform environmental conditions, occupied by a given plant community and its associated animal community. (Source: PAENS)
 
 biotoopbescherming
 	English: biotope protection
 	English definition: Measures taken to ensure that the biological and physical components of a biotope are in equilibrium by maintaining constant their relative numbers and features. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 biotoopnetwerk
 	English: biotope network
 	English definition: Intersection of corridors connecting patchy ecological communities. Species survival tends to be higher in patches that have higher connectivity. (Source: PARCORa)
 
 biotooporde
 	English: biotope order
 	English definition: An ordinance or decree regarding an area of ecological habitat that is characterized by a high degree of uniformity in its environmental conditions and in its distribution of plants and animals. (Source: DOE /  OED)
 
 bioveiligheid
 	English: biosafety
 	English definition: The combination of knowledge, techniques and equipment used to manage or contain potentially infectious materials or biohazards in the laboratory environment, to reduce or prevent harm to laboratory workers, other persons and the environment. (Source: BIOSAF / OHS)
 
 bitumen
 	English: bitumen
 	English definition: A generic term applied to natural inflammable substances of variable colour, hardness, and volatility, composed principally of a mixture of hydrocarbons substantially free from oxygenated bodies. Bitumens are sometimes associated with mineral matter, the nonmineral constituents being fusible and largely soluble in carbon disulfide, yielding water-insoluble sulfonation products. Petroleum, asphalts, natural mineral waxes, and asphaltites are all considered bitumens. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 blaasoven
 	English: blast furnace
 	English definition: A tall, cylindrical smelting furnace for reducing iron ore to pig iron; the blast of air blown through solid fuel increases the combustion rate. (Source: MGH)
 
 blad
 	English: leaf
 	English definition: The main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants, usually consisting of a flat green blade attached to the stem directly or by a stalk. (Source: CED)
 
 bladverlies
 	English: defoliation
 	English definition: 1) The drop of foliage from plants caused by herbicides such as Agent Orange, diuron, triazines, all of which interfere with photosynthesis. The use of defoliants, as in Vietnam or in jungle clearance for agriculture, can permanently destroy tropical forests. Once the tree cover is removed, the soil is subjected to erosion and precious nutrients are rapidly leached away.2) Destroying (an area of jungle, forest, etc.) as by chemical sprays or incendiary bombs, in order to give enemy troops or guerilla forces no place of concealment. (Source: PORT /  WEBSTE)
 
 blauwwieren
 	English: blue-green alga
 	English definition: Microorganisms, formerly classified as algae but now regarded as bacteria, including nostoc, which contain a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll. (Source: CED)
 
 bleekaarde
 	English: bleaching clay
 	English definition: Clay capable of chemically adsorbing oils, insecticides, alkaloids, vitamins, carbohydrates and other materials; it is used for refining and decolorizing mineral and vegetable oils. (Source: WRES)
 
 bleekmiddel
 	English: bleaching agent
 	English definition: 1) A chemical, such as an aromatic acyl peroxide or monoperoxiphthalic acid, used to bleach flour, fats, oils and other edibles. 2) An oxidizing or reducing chemical such as sodium hypochlorite, sulfur dioxide, sodium acid sulfite, or hydrogen peroxide. (Source: MGH)
 
 bleekproces
 	English: bleaching process
 	English definition: 1) Removing colored components from a textile. Common bleaches are hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochloride, and sodium chlorite. 2) The brightening and delignification of pulp by the addition of oxidizing chemicals such as chlorine or reducing chemicals such as sodium hypochloride. (Source: LEE)
 
 bleekzucht
 	English: chlorosis
 	English definition: A disease condition of green plants seen as yellowing of green parts of the plants. (Source: MGH)
 
 bloed
 	English: blood (tissue)
 	English definition: A fluid connective tissue consisting of the plasma and cells that circulate in the blood vessels. (Source: MGH)
 
 bloem
 	English: flower
 	English definition: The reproductive structure of angiosperm plants, consisting of stamens and carpels surrounded by petals and sepals all borne on the receptacle. (Source: CED)
 
 bloembollenteelt
 	English: bulb cultivation
 	English definition: The cultivation of flower bulb is divided into two sectors: for forcing (flower bulbs used by professional growers for the production of cut flowers and potted plants) and for dry sales (flower bulbs for garden planting, flower pots, landscaping and parks). (Source: BULB)
 
 blootstelling
 	English: exposure
 	English definition: The time for which a material is illuminated or irradiated. (Source: PITT)
 
 blootstelling aan een risico
 	English: risk exposure
 	English definition: The situation or set of circumstances where the probability of harm to an area or its population increases beyond a normal level. (Source: ISEP /  HMD)
 
 blootstelling aan straling
 	English: radiation exposure
 	English definition: The act or state of being subjected to electromagnetic energy strong enough to ionize atoms thereby posing a threat to human health or the environment. (Source: APD / MHD)
 
 blootstelling aan verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant exposure
 	English definition: The act or state of being subjected to a substance that adversely affects human health, property or the environment. (Source: RHW / TOE)
 
 bodem
 	English: soil
 	English definition: The top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water and air. (Source: CED)
 
 bodem
 	English: soil
 
 bodemanalyse
 	English: soil analysis
 	English definition: The use of rapid chemical analyses to determine the fertility status of a soil. It is used to identify those nutrients or substances that are present in either insufficient or excessive quantities for optimum plant growth. Analyses are also used to monitor increases or decreases in soil fertility over time. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 bodembehoud
 	English: soil conservation
 	English definition: Management of soil to prevent or reduce soil erosion and depletion by wind and water. Preservation of soil against deterioration and loss by using it within its capabilities; application of conservation practices needed for its protection and improvement. (Source: MGH /  LANDY)
 
 bodembehoudswetgeving
 	English: soil conservation legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect and prevent the loss of an area's surface layer of decomposed rock and organic material, valued for its nutrients and ability to support life. (Source: DES)
 
 bodembemesting
 	English: soil fertilisation
 	English definition: The application of any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origins to a soil to supply one or more elements essential to the growth of plants. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 bodembewerking
 	English: working the soil
 	English definition: Ploughing the soil for agricultural purposes. (Source: PHCa)
 
 bodembiologie
 	English: soil biology
 	English definition: The study of the living organisms, mainly microorganisms and microinvertebrates which live within the soil, and which are largely responsible for the decomposition processes vital to soil fertility. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 bodemcapaciteit
 	English: soil capability
 	English definition: The suitability of soils for various uses, e.g. sustained production of cultivated crops, pasture plants, etc., depending on depth, texture, kinds of minerals, salinity, kinds of salts, acidity, etc. (Source: NHQa /  PARCOR)
 
 bodemchemie
 	English: soil chemistry
 	English definition: The study of the inorganic and organic components of the soil and its life cycles. (Source: MGH)
 
 bodemdaling
 	English: soil subsidence
 	English definition: A sinking down of a part of the earth's crust, generally due to underground excavations. (Source: MGH)
 
 bodemdegradatie
 	English: soil degradation
 	English definition: Soil may deteriorate either by physical movement of soil particles from a given site or by depletion of the water-soluble elements in the soil which contribute to the nourishment of crop, plants, grasses, trees, and other economically usable vegetation. The physical movement generally is referred to as erosion. Wind, water, glacial ice, animals and tools in use may be agents of erosion. (Source: GILP96)
 
 bodemerosie
 	English: soil erosion
 	English definition: Detachment and movement of topsoil or soil material from the upper part of the profile, by the action of wind or running water, especially as a result of changes brought about by human activity, such as unsuitable or mismanaged agriculture. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 bodemfunctie
 	English: soil function
 	English definition: The main soil function is participation in the material transformation and migrating processes occurring in the natural environment on which the functioning of ecosystems depends. The most active participants in the occurring processes are microorganisms and invertebrates, whose activity, different variety, complex structure, and abundance accurately reflect the soil type and its characteristics: so they are important indicators of ecological stability. The variety of soil organisms determine its self-regulatory and self-cleaning capacity. (Source: NERIS)
 
 bodemgebruik
 	English: soil use
 	English definition: Functional utilization of soil for agriculture, industry, or residential building purposes. (Source: GREMES)
 
 bodemgesteldheid
 	English: soil condition
 	English definition: Description of the character of the surface of the ground at the time of observation, especially in relation to the influence of rain and snow. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 bodemkaart
 	English: soil map
 	English definition: A two-dimensional representation that shows the areal extent or the distribution of soils in relation to other features of the land surface. (Source: ALL)
 
 bodemkunde
 	English: edaphology
 	English definition: The study of the relationships between soil and organisms, including the use made of land by mankind. (Source: WHIT)
 
 bodemkunde
 	English: soil science
 	English definition: The study of the properties, occurrence, and management of soil as a natural resource. Generally it includes the chemistry, microbiology, physics, morphology, and mineralogy of soils, as well as their genesis and classification. (Source: MGH)
 
 bodemkwaliteit
 	English: soil quality
 	English definition: All current positive or negative properties with regard to soil utilization and soil functions. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 bodemlaag
 	English: soil layer
 	English definition: Distinctive successive layers of soil produced by internal redistribution processes. Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and/or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron/aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil. (Source: ALL)
 
 bodemlucht
 	English: soil air
 	English definition: The air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration. Also known as soil atmosphere. (Source: MGH)
 
 bodemmechanica
 	English: soil mechanics
 	English definition: The study of the physical properties of soil, especially those properties that affect its ability to bear weight such as water content, density, strength, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 bodemmineralogie
 	English: soil mineralogy
 	English definition: Study of the formation, occurrence, properties, composition, and classification of the minerals present in the soil. (Source: BJGEOa)
 
 bodemorganisme
 	English: soil organism
 	English definition: Organisms which live in the soil. (Source: PHC)
 
 bodemproces
 	English: soil process
 	English definition: The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 bodemprofiel
 	English: soil profile
 	English definition: A vertical section of a soil, showing horizons and parent material. (Source: MGH)
 
 bodemsanering
 	English: soil decontamination
 	English definition: Technologies employed in the removal of PCBs, PAH, pesticides and, more generally, of organic compounds by physical, chemical or biological treatments. (Source: EUROPAa)
 
 bodemschatten
 	English: soil resource
 
 bodemschommelingen; trage bodemschommelingen
 	English: bradyseism
 	English definition: A long-continued, extremely slow vertical instability of the crust, as in the volcanic district west of Naples, Italy, where the Phlegraean bradyseism has involved up-and-down movements between 6 m below sea level and 6 m above over a period of more than 2.000 years. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 bodemstabiliteit
 	English: soil stability
 	English definition: Soil stability depends on its shear strength, its compressibility and its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 bodemstructuur
 	English: soil structure
 	English definition: The combination or aggregation of primary soil particles into aggregates or clusters, which are separated from adjoining peds by surfaces of weakness. Soil structure is classified on the basis of size, shape, and distinctness into classes, types, and grades. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 bodemtextuur
 	English: soil texture
 	English definition: 1) Refers to the relative proportions of the various size groups (sand, silt and clay) of the individual soil grains in a mass of soil. 2) Classification of soil by the proportion and graduations of the three size groups of soil grains, i.e., sand, silt and clay, present in the soil. (Source: LANDY)
 
 bodemuitloging
 	English: soil leaching
 	English definition: The removal of water or any soluble constituents from the soil. Leaching often occurs with soil constituents such as nitrate fertilizers with the result that nitrates end up in potable waters. (Source: PORT)
 
 bodemverdichting
 	English: soil compaction
 	English definition: An increase in bulk density (mass per unit volume) and a decrease in soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure. More compacted soils (or other materials) can support greater loads (load-bearing capacity). Bulk density can be increased by controlling the moisture content, compaction forces and treatment procedures, as well as by manipulating the type of material being compacted. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 bodemverontreiniging
 	English: soil pollution
 	English definition: Modifications of soil features or, more generally, of its chemical and biological balance, caused by the discharge of polluting substances. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 bodemvervuiler
 	English: soil pollutant
 	English definition: Solid, liquid and gaseous substances that detrimentally alter the natural condition of the soil.
 
 bodemverzilting
 	English: soil salination
 	English definition: The accumulation of soluble mineral salts near the surface of soil, usually caused by the capillary flow of water from saline ground water. Where the rate of surface evaporation is high, irrigation can exacerbate the problem by moistening the soil and causing water to be drawn from deeper levels as water evaporates from the surface. The evaporation of pure water leaves the salts behind, allowing them to accumulate, and they can reach concentrations that are toxic to plants, thus sterilizing the land. (Source: ALL)
 
 bodemverzuring
 	English: soil acidification
 	English definition: A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 bodemvocht
 	English: soil moisture
 	English definition: 1) Water stored in soils.2) One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms: a) water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water. b) Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution. c) Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water. (Source: LANDY /  DUNSTE)
 
 bodemvochthuishouding
 	English: soil moisture regime
 	English definition: The water regime of the soil is determined by the physical properties and arrangement of the soil particles. The pores in a soil determine its water-retention characteristics. When all the pores are full of water, the soil is said to be saturated. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 bodemvorming
 	English: soil formation
 	English definition: The combination of natural processes by which soils are formed. It is also known as pedogenesis. The most important soil-forming factors are parent material, terrain, climate, aspect, vegetation cover, microorganisms in the soil and the age of the land surface. Some pedologists would add to this list the influence of human activities. All the factors exhibit varying degrees of interrelationship and some are more important than others, with climate often being singled out as the most important. (Source: WHIT)
 
 bodemvruchtbaarheid
 	English: soil fertility
 	English definition: The status of a soil with respect to the amount and availability to plants of elements necessary for plant growth. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 boek
 	English: book
 	English definition: A collection of leaves of paper, parchment or other material, usually bound or fastened together within covers, containing writing of any type or blank pages for future inscription. (Source: CCL / RHW)
 
 boekhouding
 	English: bookkeeping
 	English definition: The art or science of recording business accounts and transactions. (Source: WESTS)
 
 boekhouding
 	English: accounting
 	English definition: Method of recording all the transactions affecting the financial condition of a business or organization.
 
 boekhoudsysteem
 	English: accounting system
 	English definition: The system of setting up, maintaining, and auditing the books of a firm and of analyzing its financial status and operating results.
 
 boerderij
 	English: farm building
 	English definition: The dwelling on a farm as distinguished from utility buildings as a barn, corncrib, milk house. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 boete
 	English: fine
 	English definition: A pecuniary punishment or penalty imposed by lawful tribunal upon person convicted of crime or misdemeanor. (Source: BLACK)
 
 boete voor schade aan het milieu
 	English: penalty for environmental damage
 	English definition: Punishment, varying from fines to withdrawal of government funds to economic sanctions, which is imposed for the harm or injury done to natural resources. (Source: RHW)
 
 bont
 	English: fur
 	English definition: The hair-covered, dressed pelt of such a mammal, used in the making of garments and as trimming or decoration. (Source: AMHER)
 
 bonthandel
 	English: furriery
 	English definition: The business or trade of dressed furs and garments made from the coats of certain animals. (Source: OED)
 
 boom
 	English: tree
 	English definition: Any large woody perennial plant with a distinct trunk giving rise to branches or leaves at some distance from the ground. (Source: CED)
 
 boomkwekerij
 	English: arboriculture
 	English definition: The planting and care of woody plants, especially trees. (Source: AMHER)
 
 boomkwekerij
 	English: tree nursery
 	English definition: An area where trees, shrubs, or plants are grown for transplanting, for use as stocks for budding and grafting. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 boorinstallatie
 	English: drilling installation
 	English definition: The structural base upon which the drill rig and associated equipment is mounted during the drilling operation. (Source: MGH)
 
 boren
 	English: drilling
 	English definition: The act of boring holes in the earth for finding water or oil, for geologic surveys, etc. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 borium
 	English: boron
 	English definition: A very hard almost colourless crystalline metalloid element that in impure form exists as a brown amorphous powder. It occurs principally in borax and is used in hardening steel. (Source: CED)
 
 bos
 	English: forest
 	English definition: A vegetation community dominated by trees and other woody shrubs, growing close enough together that the tree tops touch or overlap, creating various degrees of shade on the forest floor. It may produce benefits such as timber, recreation, wildlife habitat, etc. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 bos
 	English: wood
 	English definition: A dense growth of trees more extensive than a grove and smaller than a forest. (Source: MGH)
 
 bos in de gematigde klimaatzone
 	English: temperate forest
 	English definition: Mixed forest of conifers and broad-leaf deciduous trees, or mixed conifer and broad-leaf evergreen trees, or entirely broad-leaf deciduous, or entirely broad-leaf evergreen trees, found in temperate regions across the world; characterized by high rainfall, warm summers, cold winters occasionally subzero, seasonality; typically with dense canopies, understorey saplings and tall shrubs, large animals, carnivores dominant, very rich in bird species. (Source: LBC)
 
 bosaanplanting
 	English: afforestation
 	English definition: 1) Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land.2) The planting of trees on land which was previously used for other uses than forestry.3) The planting of trees in an area, or the management of an area to allow trees to regenerate or colonize naturally, in order to produce a forest. (Source: MGH /  WRIGHT /  ALL)
 
 bosbeheer
 	English: forest management
 	English definition: Planning of forest utilization for wood production, conservation purposes, fauna and flora protection, recreation and water supply. (Source: RFA)
 
 bosbeleid
 	English: forest policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which seeks to preserve or protect an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, wildlife habitat, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. (Source: NCF)
 
 bosbescherming
 	English: forest conservation
 
 bosbescherming
 	English: forest protection
 	English definition: Branch of forestry concerned with the prevention and control of damage to forests arising from the action of people or livestock, of pests and abiotic agents. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 bosbestand
 	English: forest resource
 	English definition: Forest resources consist of two separate but closely related parts: the forest land and the trees (timber) on that land. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 bosbestandsonderzoek
 	English: forest resource assessment
 
 bosbouw
 	English: forest industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of establishments is engaged in the management of an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, wildlife habitat, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. (Source: NCF)
 
 bosbouw
 	English: forestry
 	English definition: The management of forest lands for wood, forages, water, wildlife, and recreation. (Source: MGH)
 
 bosbouw
 	English: forestry
 
 bosbouweconomie
 	English: forestry economics
 	English definition: The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services from the industry involved with the process of establishing and managing forests. (Source: RHW)
 
 bosbouweenheid
 	English: forestry unit
 	English definition: Any entity or group of individuals involved with the creation, management and conservation of an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. (Source: NCF)
 
 bosbouwkundige praktijk
 	English: forestry practice
 	English definition: The farming of trees to ensure a continuing supply of timber and other forest products. Foresters care for existing trees, protecting them from fire, pests and diseases, and felling where trees are overcrowded or dying and when ready for cropping. They also plant new areas (afforestation) and replant felled areas (reafforestation). (Source: GOOD)
 
 bosbouwwet
 	English: forestry law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate any extensive area of woodland, for the protection and preservation of game, timber and other forest resources. (Source: MHE)
 
 bosbouwwetgeving
 	English: forestry legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the use and conservation of wooded areas, most often those owned by the government itself. (Source: BLD)
 
 bosbrand
 	English: forest fire
 	English definition: A conflagration in or destroying large wooded areas having a thick growth of trees and plants. (Source: ISEP)
 
 bosecologie
 	English: forest ecology
 	English definition: The science that deals with the relationship of forest trees to their environment, to one another, and to other plants and to animals in the forest. (Source: MGH)
 
 bosecosysteem
 	English: forest ecosystem
 	English definition: Any forest environment, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment, in which they live. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 bosexploitatie
 	English: forest exploitation
 	English definition: Forests have been exploited over the centuries as a source of wood and for obtaining land for agricultural use. The mismanagement of forest lands and forest resources has led to a situation where the forest is now in rapid retreat. The main aspects of the situation are: serious shortages in the supply of industrial wood; the catastrophic erosion and floods accompanying the stripping of forests from mountainous land; the acute shortages of fuel wood in much of the developing world; the spread of desert conditions at an alarming rate in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world; and the many environmental effects of the destruction of tropical rainforests. (Source: WPR)
 
 bosproduct
 	English: forest product
 	English definition: Any material afforded by a forest for commercial use, such as tree products and forage. (Source: MGH)
 
 bosproductie
 	English: forest production
 	English definition: Forests produce a range of products including firewood and charcoal, lumber, paper, and crops such as coffee, oil palm, and rubber. With careful planning of growth and harvesting, wood and other forest products are, in principle, renewable resources. But achieving renewability takes time - often decades, sometimes centuries. Without careful management, pressure for short-term exploitation can lead to tree removal, soil degradation, and conversion of woodland to other uses. Consumption of forest resources can lead to environmental problems as well as loss of critical habitat and species. (Source: WRES)
 
 bosreservaat
 	English: forest reserve
 	English definition: Forest area set aside for the purpose of protecting certain fauna and flora, or both. (Source: GILP96)
 
 botanische kas
 	English: botanical conservatory
 	English definition: Gardens for the conservation of rare species of plants. (Source: RAMADE)
 
 botanische tuin
 	English: botanical garden
 	English definition: A place in which plants are grown, studied and exhibited. (Source: CED)
 
 bouw
 	English: building industry
 	English definition: The art and technique of building houses. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 bouw
 	English: building
 
 bouw met hergebruik-materiaal
 	English: construction with recycled material
 	English definition: Construction with waste product used as raw material. (Source: LANDYa)
 
 bouwafval
 	English: building waste
 	English definition: Masonry and rubble wastes arising from the demolition or reconstruction of buildings or other civil engineering structures.
 
 bouwbeleid
 	English: construction policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which plans or organizes for the maintenance, development and erection of houses, offices, bridges or other building structures. (Source: OED)
 
 bouwgrond
 	English: building land
 	English definition: Area of land suitable for building on. (Source: PHC)
 
 bouwmateriaal
 	English: building material
 	English definition: Any material used in construction, such as steel, concrete, brick, masonry, glass, wood, etc. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 bouwmaterialenindustrie
 	English: building materials industry
 
 bouwnorm
 	English: standard for building industry
 	English definition: A norm or measure applicable in legal cases for any enterprise involved in the construction, remodeling or finishing of enclosed structures for habitation. (Source: BLD)
 
 bouwonderdeel; gebouwonderdeel
 	English: building component
 	English definition: A building element which uses industrial products that are manufactured as independent until capable of being joined with other elements. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 bouwplaats
 	English: building site
 	English definition: A piece of land on which a house or other building is being built. (Source: CAMB)
 
 bouwplanning
 	English: building planning
 	English definition: The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for future construction or reconstruction of edifices and facilities. (Source: RHW)
 
 bouwstructuur
 	English: built structure
 	English definition: Any structure made of stone, bricks, wood, concrete, or steel, built with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory. (Source: CEDa /  ZINZAN)
 
 bouwtechnologie
 	English: building technology
 
 bouwtechnologie
 	English: construction technology
 
 bouwterrein
 	English: building area
 	English definition: Land and other places on, under, in or through which the temporary and permanent works are to be executed and any other lands or places needed for the purposes of construction. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 bouwtoezicht
 	English: supervision of building works
 	English definition: The oversight or direction in the construction and maintenance of houses, facilities, offices and other structures. (Source: RHW)
 
 bouwuitrusting
 	English: construction equipment
 	English definition: Heavy power machines which perform specific construction or demolition functions. (Source: MGH)
 
 bouwvergunning
 	English: planning permission
 	English definition: An authorization, license or equivalent control document issued by a government agency that approves a step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of action to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives. (Source: TOE / ISEP)
 
 bouwvergunning
 	English: building permit
 	English definition: Authorization required by local governmental bodies for the erection of an enclosed structure or for the major alteration or expansion of an existing edifice. (Source: BLD)
 
 bouwvoorschrift
 	English: building regulation
 
 bovenafdichting
 	English: soil surface sealing
 	English definition: Any activity or process in which ground surface areas are packed or plugged to prevent percolation or the passage of fluids. (Source: SIS / ERG)
 
 bovengrondse elektriciteitsleiding
 	English: overhead power line
 	English definition: Suspended cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a country. (Source: UVAROVa)
 
 braakliggend gebied
 	English: fallow area
 	English definition: Land area normally used for crop production but left unsown for one or more growing seasons. (Source: MGH)
 
 braakliggend terrein
 	English: fallow land
 	English definition: Arable land not under rotation that is set at rest for a period of time ranging from one to five years before it is cultivated again, or land usually under permanent crops, meadows or pastures, which is not being used for that purpose for a period of at least one year. Arable land which is normally used for the cultivation of temporary crops but which is temporarily used for grazing is included. (Source: ECEST)
 
 brakwater
 	English: brackish water
 	English definition: Water, salty between the concentrations of fresh water and sea water; usually 5-10 parts x thousand. (Source: LANDY)
 
 brand
 	English: fire
 	English definition: The state of combustion in which inflammable material burns, producing heat, flames and often smoke. (Source: CED)
 
 brandbaarheid
 	English: combustibility
 	English definition: The property of a substance of being capable of igniting and burning. (Source: CEDa)
 
 brandbare stof
 	English: flammable product
 	English definition: Material having the ability to generate a sufficient concentration of combustible vapors to produce a flame, if ignited. (Source: LEE)
 
 brandbescherming
 	English: fire protection
 	English definition: All necessary precautions to see that fire is not initiated, by ensuring that all necessary fire fighting apparatus is in good order and available for use if fire should break out, and by ensuring that personnel are properly trained and drilled in fighting fire. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 brandgevaarlijke stof
 	English: inflammable substance
 	English definition: Substance liable to catch fire. (Source: CED)
 
 brandstof
 	English: fuel
 	English definition: Solid, liquid, or gaseous material such as gas, gasoline, oil, coal or wood, used to produce heat or power by burning. (Source: LANDY)
 
 brandstofadditief
 	English: fuel additive
 	English definition: Substance (such as tetraethyl lead) which is added to petrol to prevent knocking. (Source: PHC)
 
 brandstofsamenstelling
 	English: fuel composition
 
 brandstoftank
 	English: fuel tank installation
 	English definition: The operating, fuel-storage component of a fuel system. (Source: MGH)
 
 brandstofverbruik
 	English: fuel consumption
 	English definition: The amount of fuel utilized. (Source: PHCa)
 
 brandveiligheidsvoorschrift
 	English: fire safety requirement
 	English definition: Rules to be followed and safety systems to be adopted for preventing or fighting fire. (Source: RRDA)
 
 brandweer
 	English: fire service
 	English definition: Technical organisation with trained personnel for dealing with fires and other incidents and for co-operating in their prevention. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 brandwerend middel
 	English: fireproofing agent
 	English definition: A chemical used as a coating for or a component of a combustible material to reduce or eliminate a tendency to burn; used with textiles, plastics, rubbers, paints, and other materials. (Source: MGH)
 
 breedtegraad (geografisch)
 	English: latitude
 	English definition: An angular distance in degrees north or south of the equator (latitude 0deg), equal to the angle subtended at the centre of the globe by the meridian between the equator and the point in question. (Source: CED)
 
 breuk
 	English: fault
 	English definition: A fracture or a zone of fractures along which there has been displacement of the sides relative to one another parallel to the fracture. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 broeden
 	English: brooding
 	English definition: To incubate eggs or cover the young for warmth. (Source: MGH)
 
 broedvogel
 	English: breeding bird
 	English definition: The individuals in a bird population that are involved in reproduction during a particular period in a given place. (Source: ALL2a)
 
 broeikaseffect
 	English: greenhouse effect
 	English definition: The warming of the Earth's atmosphere caused by the increasing concentration of atmospheric gases, such as water vapour and carbon dioxide. These gases absorb radiation emitted by the Earth, thus slowing down the loss of radiant energy from the Earth back to space. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 broeikasgas
 	English: greenhouse gas
 	English definition: A collective expression for those components of the atmosphere that influence the greenhouse effect, namely carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, ozone, CFCs and water vapour. (Source: GILP96)
 
 bron
 	English: spring (hydrology, land)
 	English definition: A place where ground water flows naturally from a rock or the soil onto the land surface or into a body of surface water. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 bron
 	English: well
 	English definition: A hole dug into the earth to reach a supply of water, oil, brine or gas. (Source: MGH)
 
 bron van (milieu)verontreiniging
 	English: source of pollution
 	English definition: The place, places or areas from where a pollutant is released into the atmosphere or water, or where noise is generated. A source can be classified as point source, i.e. a large individual generator of pollution, an area source, or a line source, e.g. vehicle emissions and noise. (Source: PORT)
 
 bronwater
 	English: spring water
 	English definition: Water obtained from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface, or would flow naturally to the surface if it were not collected underground. (Source: WQA)
 
 broom
 	English: bromine
 	English definition: A pungent dark red volatile liquid element of the halogen series that occurs in brine and is used in the production of chemicals. (Source: CED)
 
 brouwerijnijverheid
 	English: brewing industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of beverages made from malt and hops by steeping, boiling and fermentation, such as beer, ale and other related beverages. (Source: RHW)
 
 brug
 	English: bridge
 	English definition: A structure that spans and provides a passage over a road, railway, river, or some other obstacle. (Source: CED)
 
 bruinkool
 	English: lignite
 	English definition: Coal of relatively recent origin consisting of accumulated layers of partially decomposed vegetation, intermediate between peat and bituminous coal; often contains patterns from the wood from which it formed. (Source: MGH /  CED /  WRIGHT)
 
 bruinkoolwinning
 	English: lignite mining
 	English definition: Extraction of brown coal from natural deposits; lignite is a brownish-black solid fuel in the second stage in the development of coal. It has a little over half the heating value of bituminous or anthracite coal. (Source: KORENa)
 
 bruto binnenlands product
 	English: gross domestic product
 	English definition: The total output of goods and services produced by a national economy in a given period, usually a year, valued at market prices. It is gross, since no allowance is made, for the value of replacement capital goods. (Source: GOOD)
 
 bruto nationaal product
 	English: gross national product
 	English definition: Gross domestic product adjusted for foreign transactions, i.e. to the figure for Gross Domestic Product must be added any income accruing to residents of the country arising from investment and other factor earnings abroad and from it must be deducted any income earned in the domestic market by factors owned by foreigners abroad. (Source: GOOD)
 
 buideldieren
 	English: marsupial
 	English definition: Type of Australian mammal with a pouch in which the young are carried. Marsupials give birth to young at a much earlier stage of development than other mammals so that the young need to be protected in the mother's pouch for some months until they become able to look after themselves. (Source: PHC)
 
 buikvoetigen
 	English: gastropod
 	English definition: Any mollusc of the class Gastropoda, typically having a flattened muscular foot for locomotion and a head that bears stalked eyes. (Source: CED)
 
 buis
 	English: stack
 	English definition: The portion of a chimney rising above the roof. (Source: MGH)
 
 buitenlands beleid
 	English: foreign policy
 	English definition: The diplomatic policy of a nation in its interactions with other nations. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 buitenlandse economische betrekkingen
 	English: foreign economic relations
 	English definition: Dealing in economic or monetary matters with foreign countries. (Source: OEDa)
 
 buitenlandse handel
 	English: foreign trade
 	English definition: Trade between countries and firms belonging to different countries.
 
 buitenwijk
 	English: suburb
 	English definition: A residential district situated on the outskirts of a city or town. (Source: CAMB)
 
 bulkvervoer
 	English: mass transport (physics)
 	English definition: The movement of matter in a medium. (Source: MGH)
 
 burgemeester (B)
 	English: mayor
 	English definition: A governmental figure who is generally the principal administrative officer of a city or other municipal area. (Source: WESTS)
 
 burger
 	English: citizen
 	English definition: A native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance, bears responsibilities and obtains rights, including protection, from the government. (Source: RHW)
 
 burgerbescherming
 	English: civilian protection
 	English definition: The organization and measures, usually under governmental or other authority depending on the country, aimed at preventing, abating or fighting major emergencies for the protection of the civilian population and property, particularly in wartime. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 burgerinitiatief
 	English: citizen initiative
 
 burgerlijk recht
 	English: civil law
 	English definition: Law inspired by old Roman Law, the primary feature of which was that laws were written into a collection; codified, and not determined, as is common law, by judges. The principle of civil law is to provide all citizens with an accessible and written collection of the laws which apply to them and which judges must follow. (Source: DUHA)
 
 burgerluchtvaart
 	English: civil air traffic
 	English definition: Air traffic pertaining to or serving the general public, as distinguished from military air traffic.
 
 burgerrechten
 	English: citizen rights
 	English definition: Rights recognized and protected by law, pertaining to the members of a state. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 burgerveiligheid
 	English: civil safety
 	English definition: Actions and measures undertaken, often at a local level, to ensure that citizens of a community are secure from harm, injury, danger or risk. (Source: RHW / OEC)
 
 busstation
 	English: bus station
 	English definition: A place along a route or line at which a bus stops for fuel or to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. (Source: CED)
 
 buurtverbeteringsplan
 	English: neighbourhood improvement scheme
 
 buurtwet
 	English: neighbourhood law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect human health and the environment, manage growth and development or enhance the quality of life in small geographical and social areas within cities where residents share values and concerns and interact with one another on a daily basis. (Source: HUM)
 
 cadmium
 	English: cadmium
 	English definition: One of the toxic heavy metal which has caused deaths and permanent illnesses in a series of major pollution incidents around the world. Cadmium has no useful biological purpose. However, it has wide industrial applications. It has been used for decades in metal plating to prevent corrosion, in rechargeable batteries and as a pigment in certain plastics and paints. Special care is taken in the industrial smelting of ores and subsequent handling of cadmium, because occupational exposure is known to have caused heart, chest and kidney disorders. Environmental health problems have come from exposure to various sources of pollution. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 cadmiumvervuiling
 	English: cadmium contamination
 	English definition: The release and presence in the air, water and soil of cadmium, a toxic, metallic element, from sources such as the burning of coal and tobacco and improper disposal of cadmium-containing waste. (Source: FFD / EEN)
 
 calcium
 	English: calcium
 	English definition: A malleable silvery-white metallic element of the alkaline hearth group; the fifth most abundant element in the earth crust, occurring especially as forms of calcium carbonate. It is an essential constituent of bones and teeth and is used as a deoxidizer in steel. (Source: CED)
 
 Caraibische Zee
 	English: Caribbean Area
 	English definition: A geographical region bordered on the south by South America and Panama, and on the west by Central America, and consisting of the West Indian, and nearby, islands and the Caribbean Sea, a part of the western Atlantic Ocean. (Source: RHW)
 
 carbonaat
 	English: carbonate
 	English definition: A salt or ester of carbonic acid. (Source: CED)
 
 Cd-rom
 	English: CD-ROM
 	English definition: A compact disc on which a large amount of digitalised read-only data can be stored.
 
 Cd-rom zoekdienst
 	English: CD-ROM search service
 	English definition: The provision of special aid by library staff trained to query bibliographic or other information contained on an electronic storage medium, usually to meet the research needs of the library's clients. (Source: RHW /  LFS)
 
 cel [biologie]
 	English: cell (biology)
 	English definition: The microscopic functional and structural unit of all living organisms, consisting of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a limiting membrane. (Source: MGH)
 
 cel [energie]
 	English: cell (energy)
 	English definition: The basic building block of a battery. It is an electrochemical device consisting of an anode and a cathode in a common electrolyte kept apart with a separator. This assembly may be used in its own container as a single cell battery or be combined and interconnected with other cells in a container to form a multicelled battery. (Source: LEE)
 
 cellulose
 	English: cellulose
 	English definition: The main polysaccharide in living plants, forming the skeletal structure of the plant cell wall; a polymer of beta-D-glucose linked together with the elimination of water to form chains of 2000-4000 units. (Source: MGH)
 
 cellulose-industrie
 	English: cellulose industry
 
 cement
 	English: cement
 	English definition: A dry powder made from silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide, and magnesia which hardens when mixed with water; used as an ingredient in concrete. (Source: MGH)
 
 cementindustrie
 	English: cement industry
 	English definition: Industry for the production of cement. The emissions of most relevance from this sector are atmospheric: dust, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the most important. Cement is essential for the construction sector, either directly or mixed with sand or gravel to form concrete. (Source: DOBRIS)
 
 cementvervaardiging
 	English: cement manufacture
 	English definition: Cement is produced by heating a mixture of clay or shale plus chalk or lime in a rotary kiln up to 250 m long per 8 m diameter rotating at 1 rpm. The process can be wet, semi-dry or dry and the fuel can be pulverized coal, oil or gas. As the coal ash is similar in composition to the clay or shale, it can stay in the cement clinker. As one of the kiln operator's major costs is fuel and even a modest sized kiln can consume 8-10 tons of coal per hour, the cement kiln could, therefore, solve a disposal problem and also benefit the cement manufacturer by reducing fuel costs. (Source: PORT)
 
 Centraal-Afrika
 	English: Central Africa
 	English definition: A geographic region of the African continent close to the equator that includes Cameroon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. (Source: OMD / CIA)
 
 Centraal-Amerika
 	English: Central America
 	English definition: A narrow continental region of the Western hemisphere, existing as a bridge between North and South America, often considered to be the southern portion of North America, and including countries such as Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. (Source: RHW)
 
 Centraal-Azie
 	English: Central Asia
 	English definition: A geographic region of the Asian continent between the Caspian Sea on the west and China on the east, extending northward into the central region of Russia and southward to the northern borders of Iran and Afghanistan, and comprised of independent former republics of the Soviet Union, including Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. (Source: INP / CIA)
 
 centrale regering
 	English: central government
 	English definition: A system in which a governing or administrative body has a certain degree of power or authority to prevail in the management of local, national and international matters. (Source: WAP / BLD)
 
 centrale voor gecombineerde electriciteits-en warmteproductie
 	English: combined cycle-power station
 	English definition: This type of plant is flexible in response and can be built in the 100-600 MW capacity range. It produces electrical power from both a gas turbine (ca. 1300degC gas inlet temperature), fuelled by natural gas or oil plus a steam turbine supplied with the steam generated by the 500degC exhaust gases from the gas turbine. The thermal efficiency of these stations is ca. 50 per cent compared with a maximum of 40 per cent from steam turbine coal fired power stations. This type of plant can be built in two years compared with six years for a coal-fired station and 10-15 years for nuclear. (Source: PORT)
 
 centralisatie
 	English: centralisation
 
 centrifugering
 	English: centrifugation
 	English definition: Separation of particles from a suspension in a centrifuge: balanced tubes containing the suspension are attached to the opposite ends of arms rotating rapidly about a central point; the suspended particles are forced outwards, and collect at the bottoms of the tubes. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 cesium
 	English: caesium
 	English definition: A soft silvery-white and highly reactive metal belonging to the alkali group of metals. It is a radiation hazard, because it can occur in two radioactive forms. Caesium-134 is produced in nuclear reactors, not directly by fission, but by the reaction. It emits beta- and gamma-radiation and has a half-life of 2.06 years. Caesium-137 is a fission product of uranium and occurs in the fallout from nuclear weapons. It emits beta- and gamma-rays and has a half-life of 30 years. Caesium-137 was the principal product released into the atmosphere, and hence the food chain, from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and from the Windscale fire and Chernobyl nuclear accidents. After the Chernobyl accident, which spread a radiation cloud across Europe, the European Commission proposed new and more restrictive limits on levels of caesium in food and drinking water. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 Chelicerata
 	English: chelicerate
 	English definition: A subphylum of the phylum Artrophoda; chelicerae are characteristically modified as pincers. (Source: MGH)
 
 chemicalie
 	English: chemical
 	English definition: Any substance used in or resulting from a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules. (Source: CED)
 
 chemicalien in het milieu
 	English: chemical in the environment
 	English definition: The presence in the environment of any solid, liquid or gaseous material discharged from a process and that may pose substantial hazard to human health and the environment.
 
 chemie
 	English: chemistry
 	English definition: The scientific study of the properties, composition, and structure of matter, the changes in structure and composition of matter, and accompanying energy changes. (Source: MGH)
 
 chemisch afval
 	English: chemical waste
 	English definition: Any by-product of a chemical process, including manufacturing processes. Often this by-product is considered a toxic or polluting substance. (Source: APD / ERG)
 
 chemisch beleid
 	English: chemical policy
 
 chemisch product
 	English: chemical product
 	English definition: A substance characterized by definite molecular composition. (Source: MGH)
 
 chemisch reinigen
 	English: dry cleaning
 	English definition: To clean fabrics etc. with a solvent other than water. (Source: CED)
 
 chemisch risico
 	English: chemical risk
 	English definition: Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by contact with any substance of a defined molecular composition. (Source: APD)
 
 chemisch wapen
 	English: chemical weapon
 	English definition: Chemical agents of warfare include all gaseous, liquid or solid chemical substances which might be employed because of their direct toxic effects on man and animals. Chemical weapons also include the chemical's precursors, the munitions and devices designed to deliver them, and any equipment specifically designed for their use in warfare. Nerve agents (chemicals of the same family as organophosphorous insecticides) are the most lethal of the classical chemical warfare agents, killing by poisoning the nervous system and disrupting bodily functions. Other chemical weapons include blister agents, vesicants, choking agents, etc. (Source: WPR)
 
 chemische adsorptie
 	English: chemisorption
 	English definition: The process of chemical adsorption. (Source: MGH)
 
 chemische analyse
 	English: chemical analysis
 	English definition: The complex of operations aiming to determine the kinds of constituents of a given substance. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 chemische behandeling
 	English: chemical treatment
 	English definition: Processes that alter the chemical structure of the constituents of the waste to produce either an innocuous or a less hazardous material. Chemical processes are attractive because they produce minimal air emissions, they can often be carried out on the site of the waste generator, and some processes can be designed and constructed as mobile units. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 chemische behandeling van afval
 	English: chemical treatment of waste
 
 chemische bestrijding
 	English: chemical pest control
 	English definition: Control of plants and animals classified as pests by means of chemical compounds. (Source: WPR)
 
 chemische corrosiekracht
 	English: chemical corrosivity
 	English definition: The tendency of a metal to wear away another by chemical attack. (Source: MGH)
 
 chemische eigenschappen
 	English: chemical property
 	English definition: Properties of a substance depending on the arrangement of the atoms in the molecule, e.g. bio-availability, degradability, persistence, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 chemische elementen (en hun verbindingen)
 	English: chemical element
 	English definition: A substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number; common examples are hydrogen, gold, and iron. (Source: MGH)
 
 chemische fabriek
 	English: chemical plant
 	English definition: Plants where basic raw materials are chemically converted into a variety of products. (Source: MGH)
 
 chemische fall-out
 	English: chemical fallout
 	English definition: The sedimentation of chemical substances accumulated in the atmosphere as a result of industrial emissions. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 chemische industrie
 	English: chemical industry
 	English definition: Industry related with the production of chemical compounds. The chemical processing industry has a variety of special pollution problems due to the vast number of products manufactured. The treatment processes combine processing, concentration, separation, extraction, by-product recovery, destruction, and reduction in concentration. The wastes may originate from solvent extraction, acid and caustic wastes, overflows, spills, mechanical loss, etc. (Source: PZ)
 
 chemische installatie
 	English: chemical installation
 	English definition: Building where chemicals are manufactured. (Source: PHC)
 
 chemische meststof
 	English: chemical fertiliser
 	English definition: Fertilizer manufactured from chemicals; excessive use of them can cause pollution, when all the chemicals are not taken up by the plants and the excess is leached out of the soil into rivers and may cause algal bloom. (Source: PHC)
 
 chemische oceanografie
 	English: chemical oceanography
 
 chemische ontbinding
 	English: chemical degradation
 	English definition: The act or process of simplifying or breaking down a molecule into smaller parts, either naturally or artificially. (Source: OED)
 
 chemische ontsmetting
 	English: chemical decontamination
 	English definition: Removal of chemical substances from a building, a watercourse, a person's clothes, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 chemische processen
 	English: chemical process
 	English definition: The particular method of manufacturing or making a chemical usually involving a number of steps or operations. (Source: KOREN)
 
 chemische reacties
 	English: chemical reaction
 	English definition: A change in which a substance is transformed into one or more new substances. (Source: MGH)
 
 chemische reductie
 	English: chemical reduction
 	English definition: Chemical reaction in which an element gains an electron. (Source: MGH)
 
 chemische samenstelling
 	English: chemical composition
 	English definition: The nature and proportions of the elements comprising a chemical compound. (Source: CED)
 
 chemische structuur
 	English: chemical structure
 	English definition: The arrangement of atoms in a molecule of a chemical compound. (Source: CED)
 
 chemische technologie
 	English: chemical engineering
 	English definition: The branch of engineering concerned with industrial manufacture of chemical products. It is a discipline in which the principles of mathematical, physical and natural sciences are used to solve problems in applied chemistry. Chemical engineers design, develop, and optimise processes and plants, operate them, manage personnel and capital, and conduct research necessary for new developments. Through their efforts, new petroleum products, plastics, agricultural chemicals, house-hold products, pharmaceuticals, electronic and advanced materials, photographic materials, chemical and biological compounds, various food and other products evolve. (Source: USTa)
 
 chemische toevoeging
 	English: chemical addition
 	English definition: Chemical reaction in which one or more of the double bonds or triple bonds in an unsaturated compound is converted to a single bond by the addition of other atoms or groups. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 chemische verontreinigende stof
 	English: chemical pollutant
 
 chemische vervuiling
 	English: chemical pollution
 	English definition: Pollution caused by substances of chemical nature, including chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, metals as mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc. (Source: GILP96)
 
 chemische vervuiling
 	English: chemical contamination
 	English definition: The addition or presence of chemicals to, or in, another substance to such a degree as to render it unfit for its intended purpose. Also refers to the result(s) of such an addition or presence. (Source: ISEP)
 
 chemische zuurstofverbruik
 	English: chemical oxygen demand
 	English definition: The quantity of oxygen used in biological and non-biological oxidation of materials in water; a measure of water quality. (Source: LANDY)
 
 chirurgisch (operatie-)afval
 	English: surgical waste
 	English definition: Any tissue, blood or mucus removed during surgery or autopsy, soiled surgical dressings, or other materials requiring special disposal procedures. (Source: UMT)
 
 chloor
 	English: chlorine
 	English definition: A very reactive and highly toxic green, gaseous element, belonging to the halogen family of substances. It is one of the most widespread elements, as it occurs naturally in sea-water, salt lakes and underground deposits, but usually occurs in a safe form as common salt (NaCl). Commercially it is used in large quantities by the chemical industry both as an element to produce chlorinated organic solvents, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and for the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride plastics, thermoplastic and hypochlorite bleaches. Chlorine was the basis for the organochlorine pesticides, like DDT and other agricultural chemicals that have killed wildlife. The reactivity of chlorine has proved disastrous for the ozone layer and has been the cause of the creation of the ozone hole, which was first detected in the Southern Hemisphere over Antarctica and then over the Northern Hemisphere. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 chloorethenen
 	English: chloroethylene
 	English definition: A flammable, explosive gas with an ethereal aroma; soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water; boils at -14deg C; an important monomer for polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers; used in organic synthesis and in adhesives. (Source: MGH)
 
 chloorfenol
 	English: chlorophenol
 	English definition: Major group of chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides and biocides which account for a very high percentage of the non-agricultural pesticide use, such as anti-rotting agents in non-woollen textiles and wood preservatives. The chlorophenols act as biocides by inhibiting the respiration and energy-conversion processes of the microorganisms. They are toxic to man above 40 parts per million, to fish above 1 ppm, whilst concentrations as low as one part per thousand million can taint water. (Source: PORT)
 
 chloorfluorkoolstof
 	English: chlorofluorocarbon
 	English definition: Gases formed of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon whose molecules normally do not react with other substances; they are therefore used as spray can propellants because they do not alter the material being sprayed. (Source: LANDY)
 
 chloorkoolwaterstoffen
 	English: chlorinated hydrocarbon
 	English definition: A class of persistent, broad-spectrum insecticides that linger in the environment and accumulate in the food chain. Among them are DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, lindane, endrin, mirex, hexachloride, and toxaphene. In insects and other animals these compounds act primarily on the central nervous system. They also become concentrated in the fats of organisms and thus tend to produce fatty infiltration of the heart and fatty degeneration of the liver in vertebrates. In fishes they have the effect of preventing oxygen uptake, causing suffocation. They are also known to slow the rate of photosynthesis in plants. Their danger to the ecosystem resides in their rate stability and the fact that they are broad-spectrum poisons which are very mobile because of their propensity to stick to dust particles and evaporate with water into the atmosphere. (Source: EPAGLO /  PORT)
 
 chlor(er)en
 	English: chlorination
 	English definition: The application of chlorine to water, sewage or industrial wastes for disinfection or other biological or chemical purposes. (Source: ALL)
 
 chloride
 	English: chloride
 	English definition: A compound which is derived from hydrochloric acid and contains the chlorine atom in the -1 oxidation state. (Source: MGH)
 
 chlorofyl
 	English: chlorophyll
 	English definition: A green pigment, present in algae and higher plants, that absorbs light energy and thus plays a vital role in photosynthesis. Except in Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), chlorophyll is confined to chloroplasts. There are several types of chlorophyll, but all contain magnesium and iron. Some plants (e.g., brown algae, red algae, copper beech trees) contain additional pigments that masks the green of their chlorophyll. (Source: ALL)
 
 Chordata
 	English: chordate
 	English definition: The highest phylum in the animal kingdom, characterized by a notochord, nerve cord, and gill slits; includes the urochordate, lancelets and vertebrates. (Source: MGH)
 
 chorologie
 	English: chorology
 	English definition: The study of the causal relations between geographical phenomena occurring within a particular region. (Source: CED)
 
 chromatografie
 	English: chromatography
 	English definition: A method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemical substances by selective adsorption in a column of powder or on a strip of paper. (Source: MGH)
 
 chromatografische analyse
 	English: chromatographic analysis
 	English definition: The analysis of chemical substances that are poured into a vertical glass tube containing an adsorbent where the various components of the substance move through the adsorbent at different rates of speed according to their degree of attraction to it, thereby producing bands of color at different levels of the adsorption column. (Source: KOREN)
 
 chroom
 	English: chromium
 	English definition: A hard grey metallic element that takes a high polish, occurring principally in chromite: used in steel alloys and electroplating to increase hardness and corrosion-resistance. (Source: CED)
 
 cinematografische film
 	English: cinematographic film
 	English definition: Any motion picture of a story, drama, episode or event, often considered as an art form or used as a medium for entertainment. (Source: OED)
 
 classificatie
 	English: classification
 	English definition: An arrangement or organization of persons, items or data elements into groups by reason of common attributes, characteristics, qualities or traits. (Source: RHW)
 
 classificatie op basis van het grondgebruik
 	English: land use classification
 	English definition: The arrangement of land units into a variety of categories based on the properties of the land or its suitability for a particular purpose. It has become an important tool in rural land-resource planning. (Source: WHIT)
 
 climax
 	English: climax
 	English definition: A botanical term referring to the terminal community said to be achieved when a sere (a sequential development of a plant community or group of plant communities on the same site over a period of time) achieves dynamic equilibrium with its environment and in particular with its prevailing climate. Each of the world's major vegetation climaxes is equivalent to a biome. Many botanists believe that climate is the master factor in a plant environment and that even if several types of plant succession occur in an area they will all tend to converge towards a climax form of vegetation. (Source: WHIT)
 
 code
 	English: code
 	English definition: A systematic collection, compendium or revision of laws, rules, or regulations. A private or official compilation of all permanent laws in force consolidated and classified according to subject matter. Many states have published official codes of all laws in force, including the common law and statutes as judicially interpreted, which have been compiled by code commissions and enacted by the legislatures. (Source: WESTS)
 
 codificatie
 	English: codification
 	English definition: The process of collecting and arranging systematically, usually by subject, the laws of a state or country, or the rules and regulations covering a particular area or subject of law or practice. (Source: WESTS)
 
 cokes
 	English: coke
 	English definition: A coherent, cellular, solid residue remaining from the dry distillation of a coking coal or of pitch, petroleum, petroleum residue, or other carbonaceous materials; contains carbon as its principal constituent. (Source: MGH)
 
 colibacterien
 	English: coliform bacterium
 	English definition: A group of bacteria that are normally abundant in the intestinal tracts of human and other warm-blooded animals and are used as indicators (being measured as the number of individuals found per millilitre of water) when testing the sanitary quality of water. (Source: ALL)
 
 colloidale toestand
 	English: colloidal state
 	English definition: A system of particles in a dispersion medium, with properties distinct from those of a true solution because of the larger size of the particles. The presence of these particles can often be detected by means of the ultramicroscope. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 colloide
 	English: colloid
 	English definition: An intimate mixture of two substances, one of which, called the dispersed phase, is uniformly distributed in a finely divided state through the second substance, called the dispersion medium. (Source: MGH)
 
 colorimetrie
 	English: colourimetry
 	English definition: Any technique by which an unknown colour is evaluated in terms of standard colours; the technique may be visual, photoelectric or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. (Source: MGH)
 
 Colubriden
 	English: colubrid
 	English definition: Any snakes of the family of Colubridae, including many harmless snakes, such as the grass snake and whip belonging to the Colubridae. (Source: CED)
 
 combinatie land- en bosbouw
 	English: agroforestry
 	English definition: The interplanting of farm crops and trees, especially leguminous species. In semiarid regions and on denuded hillsides, agroforestry helps control erosion and restores soil fertility, as well as supplying valuable food and commodities at the same time. (Source: ALL)
 
 commercialisatie
 	English: commercialisation
 	English definition: Holding or displaying for sale, offering for sale, selling, delivering or placing on the market in any other form. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 commerciele verspreiding
 	English: distributive trade
 	English definition: Distribution of material goods to consumers, through retailing and wholesaling. (Source: GOODa)
 
 communicatie
 	English: communications
 	English definition: The concept, science, technique and process of transmitting, receiving or otherwise exchanging information and data.
 
 communicatiebeleid
 	English: communications policy
 	English definition: Measures and practices adopted by governments relating to the management of communication media. (Source: RRDA)
 
 communicatie-industrie
 	English: communications industry
 
 communicatiemiddelen
 	English: means of communication
 	English definition: The agents, instruments, methods or resources used to impart or interchange thoughts, opinions or information. (Source: RHW)
 
 communicatiesysteem
 	English: communications system
 	English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources designed to exchange information and data by means of mutually understood symbols. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 compenserende belasting
 	English: compensatory tax
 	English definition: Compulsory charge levied by a government for the purpose of redressing or countervailing economic disparity. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 compenserende maatregel
 	English: compensatory measure
 	English definition: Any administrative or legislative action, procedure or enactment designed to redress disruptions of ecological integrity or damage to the supply of natural resources. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 complexering
 	English: complex formation
 	English definition: Formation of a complex compound. Also known as complexing or complexation. (Source: MGH)
 
 complexvormer
 	English: complexing agent
 	English definition: A substance capable of forming a complex compound with another material in solution. (Source: MGH)
 
 compost
 	English: compost
 	English definition: A mixture of decaying organic matter used to fertilize and condition the soil. (Source: MGH)
 
 compost uit afval en (riool)slib
 	English: refuse-sludge compost
 	English definition: Compost derived by the biodegradation of the organic constituents of solid wastes and wastewater sludges. The major public health issues associated with composting using solid wastes mixed with sewage sludge are pathogens, heavy metal, and odors. The heat generated during composting, as a result of the activities of thermophilic organisms, is capable of killing bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths present in sewage sludge. The metallic elements in sludge of greatest concern to human health are cadmium, lead, arsenic, selenium, and mercury. Only cadmium is normally found in sewage sludge at levels which, when applied to soils, can be absorbed by plants, and accumulate in edible parts, thereby entering the food chain. (Source: CORBIT)
 
 composteerbaar afval
 	English: compostable waste
 	English definition: Waste consisting largely of biodegradable organic matter.
 
 composteren
 	English: composting
 	English definition: The natural biological decomposition of organic material in the presence of air to form a humus-like material. Controlled methods of composting include mechanical mixing and aerating, ventilating the materials by dropping them through a vertical series of aerated chambers, or placing the compost in piles out in the open air and mixing it or turning it periodically. (Source: LEE)
 
 compostering door de producent
 	English: composting by producer
 
 concentratie [proces]
 	English: concentration (process)
 	English definition: The process of increasing the quantity of a component in a solution. The opposite of dilution. (Source: CED)
 
 concentratie [waarde]
 	English: concentration (value)
 	English definition: In solutions, the mass, volume, or number of moles of solute present in proportion to the amount of solvent or total solution. (Source: MGH)
 
 concentratie van nederzettingen
 	English: settlement concentration
 	English definition: The distribution or total amount of communities, villages and houses within a specified geographic area. (Source: RHW)
 
 concurrentie (economisch)
 	English: economic competition
 	English definition: The market condition where an individual or firm that wants to buy or sell a commodity or service has a choice of possible suppliers or customers. (Source: ODE)
 
 concurrentie [biologisch]
 	English: competition (biological)
 	English definition: The simultaneous demand by two or more organisms or species for an essential common resource that is actually or potentially in limited supply. (Source: LBC)
 
 concurrentiebeperking
 	English: restriction on competition
 	English definition: Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically nulland void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: '1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG)
 
 concurrentierecht
 	English: competition law
 	English definition: That part of the law dealing with matters such as those arising from monopolies and mergers, restrictive trading agreements, resale price maintenance and agreements involving distortion of competition affected by EU rules. (Source: CURZON)
 
 concurrentievermogen
 	English: competitiveness
 	English definition: The ability of a firm to strive in the market with rivals in the production and sale of commodities or services and, analogously, the ability of a country to maintain a relatively high standard of living for its citizens through trade in international markets. (Source: http://www.indiana.edu/~ipe/glossry.html / OED)
 
 concurrentievervalsing
 	English: distortion of competition
 	English definition: Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically nulland void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: '1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG)
 
 condensatie
 	English: condensation (process)
 	English definition: Transformation from a gas to a liquid. (Source: MGH)
 
 Conferentie van Rio
 	English: Rio Conference
 	English definition: Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, during which the Rio Declaration, a 27-page document, was approved, laying down broad principles of environmentally-sound development. The principal outcomes of the Summit were a declaration, conventions on controlling climate change and preserving biological diversity, and a lengthy agenda outlining the extent of global environmental problems and the measures needed to tackle them in order to achieve the agreed goal of 'sustainable development'. Opinion was divided as to how far the conference could be termed a success. Many environmentalists stressed its failure to set binding targets for resolving environmental problems, and to address adequately the links between third world poverty and environmental degradation. Others, such as many of the world leaders who attended the conference stressed that it should be seen as a first step towards sustainable development, and an important acknowledgment of the seriousness of the problem and of the fact that global co-operation is needed to overcome it. (Source: PHC)
 
 Conferentie van Stockholm
 	English: Stockholm Conference
 	English definition: The UN Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm in 1972 attended by representatives of nations. Declarations were made aimed at protection of the environment, and the concept of the UN body the United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, was agreed. An anniversary conference was held in Stockholm in 1982 on 'acidity in the environment'. (Source: BRACK)
 
 congres
 	English: congress
 	English definition: A formal meeting, often consisting of representatives of various organizations, that is assembled to promote, discuss or make arrangements regarding a particular subject or some matter of common interest. (Source: RHW)
 
 contactgeluid
 	English: structure-borne noise
 	English definition: Sound that travels over at least part of its path by means of the vibration of a solid structure. (Source: CONFER)
 
 container
 	English: container
 	English definition: A large case that can be transported by truck and than easily loaded on a ship. (Source: PHC)
 
 continent
 	English: continent
 	English definition: A protuberance of the earth's crustal shell, with an area of several million square miles and sufficient elevation so that much of it above sea level. (Source: MGH)
 
 continentaal plat
 	English: continental shelf
 	English definition: The gently sloping seabed of the shallow water nearest to a continent, covering about 45 miles from the shore and deepening over the sloping sea floor to an average depth of 400 ft. It continues until it reaches the continental slope. The continental shelf contains most of the important fishing grounds and a range of resources, including gas and oil, sand and gravel. However, the shelf is, in general, a structural extension of the continent, and so may also be a source of minerals found in that region, such as tin, gold and platinum. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 continue belasting
 	English: continuous load
 	English definition: The amount or quantity of polluting material found in a transporting agent that flows at a steady rate, in contrast to a sudden or dramatic influx. (Source: APD)
 
 contourbouw
 	English: contour farming
 	English definition: The performing of cultivations along lines connecting points of equal elevation so reducing the loss of top soil by erosion, increasing the capacity of the soil to retain water and reducing the pollution of water by soil. (Source: ALLa)
 
 controle op seismische activiteit
 	English: seismic monitoring
 	English definition: The gathering of seismic data from an area. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 controle op teratogenese
 	English: teratogenesis screening
 
 controle van de zee
 	English: marine monitoring
 	English definition: The assessment of marine pollution by an integrated chemical, ecological and toxicological survey. (Source: ENVAR)
 
 controle-apparatuur
 	English: monitoring equipment
 	English definition: Specific equipment used in remote sensing. (Source: RRDA)
 
 controlenorm voor bestrijdingsmiddelen
 	English: pesticide control standard
 	English definition: A norm or measure applicable in legal cases pertaining to the production, dissemination or use of substances designed to mitigate or eliminate insects or small animals that harm vegetation. (Source: BLD / TOE)
 
 controlerende instantie
 	English: controlling authority
 	English definition: The power of a person or an organized assemblage of persons to manage, direct, superintend, restrict, regulate, govern, administer or oversee. (Source: BLD)
 
 Conventie inzake de internationale handel in bedreigde in het wild levende dier-en plantesoorten
 	English: Washington species protection convention
 	English definition: A Convention adopted in 1973, providing for the regulation of trade in whole plants and animals, dead or alive, and their readily recognizable parts and derivatives. Excessive international trade has contributed directly to the decline of many wild population of rare and endangered species. The Convention states that a protected species may not be the subject of international trade without a permit granted under the CITES procedures. (Source: GILP96)
 
 Conventie van Bazel
 	English: Basel Convention
 	English definition: The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary movements on hazardous wastes and their disposal was an agreement drawn up under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It came into effect in May 1992 and was adopted by 116 governments and the European Community. Its main aim was to impose strict controls on the trans-border transport of hazardous wastes, and on their disposal. It gives developing countries the right to turn away shipments of hazardous waste from their shores. It means that a country exporting substances that it considers hazardous has to get permission for their delivery from the proposed importer, who then has 60 days to issue a 'prior informed consent'. The ultimate goal of the convention is to cut the generation of hazardous wastes to a minimum. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 Conventie van Bern
 	English: Bern Convention
 	English definition: Name given to the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. It aims to protect all forms of endangered wildlife in specified parts of Europe. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 Conventie van Geneve
 	English: Geneva Convention
 	English definition: A Convention initiated by the UN ECE for the purpose of curbing the incidence of acid rain arising from the long range transportation of pollutants, most notably sulphur dioxide. The Convention was signed in 1979 and came into effect in 1983. Basically, it was a statement of desirable objectives without numerical limits. In 1983 the Nordic Countries proposed a 30% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in all member countries to be achieved by 1993. The move was welcomed by most member countries. Regulations began to be introduced requiring power plants to be equipped with high-performance gas scrubbers, unless being retired by 1993. (Source: GILP96)
 
 Conventie van Lome
 	English: Lome Convention
 	English definition: The Lome Conventions are multilateral trade and development agreements between the EU and the 70 ACP countries. They give the ACP countries associated status with the EU, offering them not only financial assistance but also substantial trading advantages on exports to the EU. The Conventions are the heart of the EU's development policy. Lome I was concluded in 1975, running for five years; it was followed by Lome II (1980), Lome III (1985) and finally Lome IV in 1990, which will run for 10 years, with a budget of ECU 13.2 billion over the first five years. The main focus of the Convention is the long-term development of the countries involved. Lome IV also incorporates agreements for the protection of human rights and the development of democracy. (Source: INFREG)
 
 Conventie van Ramsar
 	English: Ramsar Convention
 	English definition: The Convention's broad aims are to halt the worldwide loss of wetlands and to conserve, through wise use and management, those that remain. There are currently over 80 countries which are Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention covering 75% of the world's lands. The Ramsar Convention Bureau, based at Gland in Switzerland, provides secretariat support for the implementation of the treaty. The Bureau is funded by annual contributions from each of the contracting countries. Every three years a Conference of Contracting Parties is held where the activities of the Convention are reviewed andnew policies and initiatives are set. (Source: ANBG)
 
 conventionele [niet-nucleaire] energie
 	English: conventional energy
 	English definition: Power provided by traditional means such as coal, wood, gas, etc., as opposed to alternative energy sources such as solar power, tidal power, wind power, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 coordinatenstelsel
 	English: co-ordinate system
 	English definition: A reference system used to measure horizontal and vertical distances on a planimetric map. A coordinate system is usually defined by a mapprojection, a spheroid of reference, a datum, one or more standard parallels, a central meridian, and possible shifts in the x- and y-directions to locate x, y positions of point, line, and area features. A common coordinate system is used to spatially register geographic data for the same area. (Source: ESRI)
 
 coordinatie
 	English: co-ordination
 
 corrosie
 	English: corrosion
 	English definition: A process in which a solid, especially a metal, is eaten away and changed by a chemical action. (Source: CED)
 
 corrosiegraad van water
 	English: water corrosivity
 	English definition: Complex series of reactions between the water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. Thecorrosion process is an oxidation/reduction reaction that returns refined or processed metal to their more stable ore state. With respect to thecorrosion potential of drinking water, the primary concerns include the potential presence of toxic metals , such as lead and copper. (Source: WILKES)
 
 cosmetica-industrie
 	English: cosmetic industry
 	English definition: Industry for the production of substances for improving the appearance of the body. (Source: CEDa)
 
 coulisselandschap
 	English: bocage
 	English definition: The wooded countryside characteristic of northern France, with small irregular-shaped fields and many hedges and copses. In the French language the word bocage refers both to the hedge itself and to a landscape consisting of hedges. Bocage landscapes usually have a slightly rolling landform, and are found mainly in maritime climates. Being a small-scale, enclosed landscape, the bocage offers much variations in biotopes, with habitats for birds, small mammals, amphibians, reptiles and butterflies. (Source: CED /  DOBRIS)
 
 criminaliteit
 	English: criminality
 	English definition: A violation of the law, punishable by the State in criminal proceedings. (Source: WEBSTEa)
 
 crisisbeheer
 	English: crisis management
 	English definition: The technique, practice or science of handling or controlling situations of acute difficulty, danger or instability; or the total of measures taken to provide a solution for political, economic, environmental or other similar dangers and conflicts. (Source: ISEP)
 
 cultureel erfgoed
 	English: cultural heritage
 	English definition: The inherited body of beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge that has been transmitted by ancestors. (Source: RHW)
 
 culturele ontwikkeling
 	English: cultural development
 	English definition: The process whereby the capabilities or possibilities inherent in a people's beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge are brought out or made more effective. (Source: PPP /  RHW)
 
 culturele voorziening
 	English: cultural facility
 	English definition: Any building or structure used for programs or activities involving the arts or other endeavors that encourage refinement or development of the mind. (Source: WCD / OED)
 
 culturelel goederen
 	English: cultural goods
 
 cultuurbeleid
 	English: cultural policy
 
 cultuurindicator
 	English: cultural indicator
 	English definition: Cultural indicators give information about societies, which may be interesting even when one is not trying to evaluate the cultures of thesesocieties from any normative point of view. Cultural indicators may also have an evaluative purpose involving explicit or implicit normative criteria. (Source: UNESCO)
 
 cultuurplant
 	English: cultivated plant
 	English definition: Plants specially bred or improved by cultivation. (Source: CED)
 
 cyanaat
 	English: cyanate
 	English definition: A salt or ester of cyanic acid containing the radical OCN. (Source: MGH)
 
 cyanide
 	English: cyanide
 	English definition: Any of a group of compounds containing the CN group and derived from hydrogen cyanide, HCN. (Source: MGH)
 
 cycloalifatische koolwaterstof
 	English: alicyclic hydrocarbon
 	English definition: A class of organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined to form one or more rings and having the properties of both aliphatic and cyclic substances. (Source: MGH /  RRDA)
 
 cytologie
 	English: cytology
 	English definition: A branch of the biological sciences which deals with the structure, behaviour, growth, and reproduction of cells and the functions and chemistry of cell components. (Source: MGH)
 
 cytotoxiciteit
 	English: cytotoxicity
 	English definition: The degree to which an agent possesses a specific destructive action on certain cells or the possession of such action; used particularly in referring to the lysis of cells by immune phenomena and to antineoplastic drugs that selectively kill dividing cells.
 
 dagbouw
 	English: opencast mining
 	English definition: Extracting metal ores and minerals that lie near the surface by removing the overlying material and breaking and loading the ore. (Source: MGH)
 
 dagbouw
 	English: strip mining
 	English definition: Superficial mining, in which the valuable rock is exposed by removal of overburden. Coal, numerous nonmetals and metalliferous ores (iron and copper) are worked in this way. Sinonym: strip mining, opencast mining, openpit mining. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 dal
 	English: valley
 	English definition: Any low-lying land bordered by higher ground; especially an elongate, relatively large, gently sloping depression of the Earth's surface, commonly situated between two mountains or between ranges of hills or mountains, and often containing a stream with an outlet. It is usually developed by stream erosion, but may be formed by faulting. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 dam
 	English: dam
 	English definition: Structure constructed across a watercourse or stream channel. (Source: LANDY)
 
 damp
 	English: fume
 	English definition: Solids in the air that have been generated by the condensation of vapors, chemical reactions or sublimation (a direct change from solid to gas). Often metallic oxides or metals, these particles are less than 1 micrometer in diameter and may be toxic. (Source: ALL)
 
 dampspanning
 	English: vapour pressure
 	English definition: The partial pressure of water vapour in the atmosphere. For a liquid or solid, the pressure of the vapour in equilibrium with the liquid or solid. (Source: MGH)
 
 DDT
 	English: DDT
 	English definition: A persistent organochlorine insecticide, also known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, that was introduced in the 1940s and used widely because of its persistence (meaning repeated applications were unnecessary), its low toxicity to mammals and its simplicity and cheapness of manufacture. It became dispersed all over the world and, with other organochlorines, had a disruptive effect on species high in food chains, especially on the breeding success of certain predatory birds. DDT is very stable, relatively insoluble in water, but highly soluble in fats. Health effects on humans are not clear, but it is less toxic than related compounds. It is poisonous to other vertebrates, especially fish, and is stored in the fatty tissue of animals as sublethal amounts of the less toxic DDE. Because of its effects on wildlife its use in most countries is now forbidden or strictly limited. (Source: MGH /  ALL)
 
 de drie principes van milieubeleid
 	English: trinity of principles
 	English definition: Three fundamental principles of environmental policy: precautionary principle, polluter pays-principle and cooperation principle. (Source: RRDA)
 
 de gezamenlijke genen (van een soort)
 	English: genetic pool
 	English definition: The total number of genes or the amount of genetic information possessed by all the reproductive members of a population of sexually reproducing organisms. (Source: ALL2)
 
 de invloed van veranderingen in het klimaat
 	English: climatic effect
 	English definition: Climate has a central influence on many human needs and activities, such as agriculture, housing, human health, water resources, and energy use. The influence of climate on vegetation and soil type is so strong that the earliest climate classification schemes where often based more on these factors than on the meteorological variables. While technology can be used to mitigate the effects of unfavorable climatic conditions, climate fluctuations that result in significant departures from normal cause serious problems for modern industrialized societies as much as for primitive ones. The goals of climatology are to provide a comprehensive description of the Earth's climate, to understand its features in terms of fundamental physical principles, and to develop models of the Earth's climate that will allow the prediction of future changes that may result from natural and human causes. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 de kosten van het opwekken van elektriciteit
 	English: electricity generation cost
 	English definition: The value or amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of charged ion current used as a power source. (Source: EFP / OED)
 
 de toestand van het milieu
 	English: state of the environment
 	English definition: Condition and trends of different environmental compartments and systems, as regards the influence of human populations, the consumption of non-renewable resources and sustainable development. (Source: RRDA)
 
 de verhoging van de efficientie
 	English: improvement of efficiency
 	English definition: The beneficial development or progress in the volume of output that is achieved in terms of productivity and input, or in getting the maximum possible output from given or allocated resources. (Source: ODE)
 
 decentralisatie
 	English: decentralisation
 	English definition: Basic organizational leadership concept and process of shifting and delegating power and authority from a higher level to subordinate levels within the administrative/managerial hierarchy in order to promote independence, responsibility, and quicker decision-making in applying or interpreting policies and procedures to the needs of these levels.
 
 decibel
 	English: decibel
 	English definition: A unit used to express relative difference on power, usually between acoustic or electric signals, equal to ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the two level. (Source: AMHER)
 
 deelname
 	English: participation
 	English definition: The act of sharing or taking part in a civic, community or public action. (Source: RHW)
 
 deelname van het publiek
 	English: public participation
 	English definition: The involvement, as an enfranchised citizen, in public matters, with the purpose of exerting influence. (Source: NRW)
 
 deeltje
 	English: particle
 	English definition: 1) Any very small part of matter, such as a molecule, atom, or electron. 2) Any relatively small subdivision of matter, ranging in diameter from a few angstroms to a few millimeters. (Source: MGH)
 
 deeltjesscheider
 	English: particle separator
 	English definition: A device for segregation of solid particles by size range, as a screening. (Source: MGH)
 
 degeneratie (biologisch)
 	English: devolution
 	English definition: The act of assigning or entrusting authority, powers or functions to another as deputy or agent, typically to a subordinate in the administrative structure of an organization or institution. (Source: RHW)
 
 dekking (door een verzekering)
 	English: insurance coverage
 	English definition: The protection provided against risks or a risk, often as specified by the type of protection or the item being protected. (Source: RHW)
 
 deklaag
 	English: coating
 	English definition: A material applied onto or impregnated into a substrate for protective, decorative, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not limited to, paints, varnishes, sealers, adhesives, thinners, diluents, and inks. (Source: LEE)
 
 delfstof
 	English: mineral
 	English definition: A naturally occurring substance with a characteristic chemical composition expressed by a chemical formula; may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other material or rock. (Source: MGH)
 
 delfstofafzetting
 	English: mineral deposit
 	English definition: A mass of naturally occurring mineral material, e.g. metal ores or nonmetallic mineral, usually of economic value, without regard to mode of origin. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 delfstoffen
 	English: mineral resource
 	English definition: Valuable mineral deposits of an area that are presently recoverable and may be so in the future; includes known ore bodies and potential ore. (Source: MGH)
 
 delfstoffenindustrie
 	English: mineral industry
 	English definition: Industry for the exploitation of minerals from soil deposits by underground excavations or open workings, employing adequate plants and equipment. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 delfstoffenwinning
 	English: mineral extraction
 	English definition: The process of extracting metallic or nonmetallic mineral deposits from the Earth. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 delta
 	English: delta
 	English definition: A delta is a vast, fan-shaped creation of land, or low-lying plain, formed from successive layers of sediment washed from uplands to the mouth of some rivers, such as the Nile, the Mississippi and the Ganges. The nutrient-rich sediment is deposited by rivers at the point where, or before which, the river flows into the sea. Deltas are formed when rivers supply and deposit sediments more quickly that they can be removed by waves of ocean currents. The importance of deltas was first discovered by prehistoric man, who was attracted to them because of their abundant animal and plant life. Connecting waterways through the deltas later provided natural routes for navigation and trade, and opened up access to the interior. Deltas are highly fertile and often highly populated areas. They would be under serious threat of flooding from any sea-level rise. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 demineralisatie van water
 	English: water demineralisation
 	English definition: The removal of minerals from water by chemical, ion-exchange, or distillation procedures. (Source: MGH)
 
 democratie
 	English: democracy
 	English definition: A system of governance in which ultimate authority power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their freely elected agents. (Source: APS)
 
 demografie
 	English: demography
 	English definition: The statistical study of human vital statistics and population dynamics. (Source: LANDY)
 
 demografische evolutie
 	English: demographic evolution
 	English definition: The gradual pattern of change in the growth of human populations in a particular region or country, from a rapid increase in the birth and death rates to a leveling off in the growth rate due to reduced fertility and other factors. (Source: DOE / ANT)
 
 demografische ontwikkeling
 	English: demographic development
 	English definition: Growth in the number of individuals of a population. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 dendrochronologie
 	English: dendrochronology
 	English definition: The science of dating the age of a tree by studying annual growth rings. It is also employed to interpret previous environments and climatic variations by examining certain kinds of trees. It is based on the theory that the width of the growth ring reflects the amount of rainfall and the temperature of the year in which it was formed. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 dendrometrie
 	English: dendrometry
 	English definition: The measuring of the diameter of standing trees from the ground with a dendrometer that can also be used to measure tree heights. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 denitrificatie
 	English: denitrification
 	English definition: 1) The loss of nitrogen from soil by biological or chemical means. It is a gaseous loss, unrelated to loss by physical processes such as through leachates. 2) The breakdown of nitrates by soil bacteria, resulting in the release of free nitrogen. This process takes place under anaerobic conditions, such as are found in water-logged soil, and it reduces soil fertility. (Source: WRIGHT /  ALL)
 
 denitrificatie van afvalgas
 	English: denitrification of waste gas
 	English definition: Current methods for controlling NOx emissions in motor vehicles include retardation of spark timing, increasing the air/fuel ratio, injecting water into the cylinders, decreasing the compression ratio, and recirculating exhaust gas. For stationary sources, one abatement method is to use a lower NOx producing fuel or to modify the combustion process by injecting steam into the combustion chamber. (Source: PZ)
 
 deregulering
 	English: deregulation
 	English definition: The removal or relaxation of government control over the economic activities of some commercial entity, industry or economic sector. (Source: ODE)
 
 dermapterans
 	English: dermapteran
 
 desorptie
 	English: desorption
 	English definition: The process of removing a sorbed substance by the reverse of adsorption or absorption. (Source: MGH)
 
 detailhandel
 	English: retail trade
 	English definition: The sale of goods to ultimate consumers, usually in small quantities.
 
 deviezenbeleid
 	English: exchange policy
 	English definition: Course of action or procedure by government, business, or an individual concerning trade activities. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 dialyse
 	English: dialysis
 	English definition: A process of selective diffusion through a membrane; usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not. (Source: MGH)
 
 diatomeeen
 	English: diatom
 	English definition: Unicellular algae, some of which are colonial, green or brownish in colour (but all contain chlorophyll) and with siliceous and often highly sculptured cell walls. Diatoms make up much of the producer level in marine and freshwater food chains, and they have contributed to the formation of oil reserves. Deposits of diatomaceous earths were formed by the accumulation of diatom cell walls. (Source: ALL)
 
 dichtheid
 	English: density
 	English definition: The mass of unit volume of a substance. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 dichting
 	English: seal (technical)
 	English definition: Any device or system that creates a nonleaking union between two mechanical or process-system elements. (Source: MGH)
 
 didactiek
 	English: didactics
 	English definition: The art or science of teaching. (Source: CED)
 
 dienstverlenende bedrijvigheid
 	English: services providing company
 
 dienstverleningsgebied
 	English: service area
 	English definition: The area served by a particular public facility such as school, library, police station, park, etc. (Source: LANDY)
 
 diepzee
 	English: deep sea
 	English definition: Region of open ocean beyond the continental shelf. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 diepzee-afzetting
 	English: deep sea deposit
 
 diepzeemijnbouw
 	English: deep sea mining
 	English definition: The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits , are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England. (Source: PARCOR /  ERIB)
 
 diepzeestorting
 	English: deep-sea disposal
 	English definition: The disposal of solid waste or sludge by carrying the wastes out to sea, usually in a barge, and dumping into deep water. (Source: WWC)
 
 diepzeevisserij; zeevisserij
 	English: deep sea fishing
 	English definition: Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea. (Source: PHC)
 
 dieren [algemeen, niet systematisch]
 	English: animal
 	English definition: Any living organism characterized by voluntary movement, the possession of cells with noncellulose cell walls and specialized sense organs enabling rapid response to stimuli, and the ingestion of complex organic substances such as plants and other animals. (Source: CED)
 
 dieren(door)gang
 	English: animal corridor
 	English definition: Line corridors (roads, paths, and hedgerows) which lack interior habitat but may serve as movement groups for organisms. Corridors may also provide an efficient migratory pathway for animals. The presence or absence of breaks in a corridor may be a very important factor in determining the effectiveness of its conduit and barrier functions. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 dierenasiel
 	English: animal shelter
 	English definition: A protection providing housing for animals in bad weather.  (Source: RRDA)
 
 dierenbescherming
 	English: animal protection
 	English definition: Precautionary actions or procedures taken to prevent or reduce the harm to sentient, non-human species, posed, in most cases, by humans. (Source: ONE /  RHW)
 
 dierenbescherming
 	English: protection of animals
 
 dierenbiologie
 	English: animal biology
 	English definition: The scientific study of the natural processes of animals. (Source: CAMBa)
 
 dierenecologie
 	English: animal ecology
 	English definition: A study of the relationships of animals to their environment. (Source: MGH)
 
 dierenfysiologie
 	English: animal physiology
 	English definition: Study of the normal processes and metabolic functions of animal organisms. (Source: LBC)
 
 dierengedrag
 	English: animal behaviour
 	English definition: Behaviour of animals in their normal environment, including all the processes, both internal and external, by which they respond to changes in their environment. (Source: ALL2)
 
 dierengeluid
 	English: animal noise
 	English definition: Noise caused by animals such as dogs kept in kennels or in private homes as pets. (Source: RRDA)
 
 dierenhabitat
 	English: animal habitat
 	English definition: The locality in which an animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which an animal is found. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 dierenhandel
 	English: animal trade
 	English definition: The process or act of exchanging, buying or selling animals, especially livestock. (Source: RHW)
 
 dierenhuisvesting
 	English: animal housing
 	English definition: Any kind of shelter, refuge affording protection to animals. (Source: CEDa)
 
 dierenleven
 	English: animal life
 
 dierenoversteekplaats
 	English: crossing place for animals
 	English definition: Bridges and tunnels provided for animals for crossing roads and railways. Railway and road infrastructures represent an hindrance to wildlife migration. (Source: DOBRIS)
 
 dierenpopulatie
 	English: animal population
 	English definition: A group of animals inhabiting a given area. (Source: CED)
 
 dierenproef
 	English: animal experiment
 	English definition: Investigation carried out in animals for research purposes. (Source: LEEa)
 
 dierenrechten
 	English: animal rights
 	English definition: Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to sentient, non-human species, including freedom from abuse, consumption, experimentation, use as clothing or performing for human entertainment. (Source: ONE /  RHW)
 
 dierenreservaat
 	English: animal conservatory
 	English definition: Areas for the conservation of rare or endangered animal species. (Source: RAMADE)
 
 dierenstand
 	English: animal resource
 
 dierentuin
 	English: zoological garden
 	English definition: Area in which animals, especially wild animals, are kept so that people can go and look at them, or study them. (Source: CAMB)
 
 dierenvoeder
 	English: animal foodstuff
 	English definition: Any crops or other food substances for animal consumption. (Source: MGHa)
 
 dierenvoeding
 	English: animal nutrition
 	English definition: Ingestion, digestion and/or assimilation of food by animals. (Source: LBC)
 
 dierenziekte
 	English: animal disease
 
 diergeneeskunde
 	English: veterinary medicine
 	English definition: The branch of medical practice which treats of the diseases and injuries of animals. (Source: MGH)
 
 dierlijk afval
 	English: animal waste
 	English definition: Discarded material from industries directly associated with the raising of animals, such as those wastes produced by livestock farming (manure, milk, etc.), meat production and animal testing (animal bodies, animal parts, feathers, etc.) and fur breeding (fur, blood, etc.). (Source: AWM)
 
 dierlijk erfgoed
 	English: animal heritage
 	English definition: The sum of the earth's or a particular region's non-human, non-vegetable, multicellular organisms viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially animal species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction. (Source: OED)
 
 dierlijk product
 	English: animal product
 
 dierlijke erfelijkheidsleer
 	English: animal genetics
 	English definition: The scientific study of the hereditary material of animals for theoretical and practical applications such as increased population, conservation and disease research. (Source: EEN)
 
 dierlijke mest
 	English: animal manure
 	English definition: Animal excreta collected from stables and barnyards with or without litter; used to enrich the soil. (Source: MGH)
 
 dierlijke productie
 	English: animal production
 
 dierlijke resten
 	English: animal remain
 	English definition: Any substances or components left over from animal life, including body parts and, later, decomposed materials. (Source: RHW)
 
 dierlijke uitwerpselen
 	English: animal excrement
 	English definition: Waste matter discharged from the body of an animal. (Source: CED)
 
 dierlijke uitwerpselen als  brandstof
 	English: animal dung as fuel
 	English definition: Excrement from animals that may be dried and burned to generate energy or converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, such as methane, through chemical processes. (Source: GET)
 
 dierlijke voortplanting
 	English: animal reproduction
 	English definition: Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal produces one or more individuals similar to itself. (Source: CED)
 
 diersoorten
 	English: animal species
 	English definition: Species belonging to the animal kingdom. (Source: RRDA)
 
 dieselmotor
 	English: diesel engine
 	English definition: An internal combustion engine operating on a thermodynamic cycle in which the ratio of compression of the air charge is sufficiently high to ignite the fuel subsequently injected into the combustion chamber. (Source: MGH)
 
 dieselolie
 	English: diesel fuel
 	English definition: Heavy oil residue used as fuel for certain types of diesel engines. (Source: MGH)
 
 differentiatie
 	English: differentiation
 	English definition: The development of cells so that they are capable of performing specialized functions in the organs and tissues of the organisms to which they belong. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 diffuse bron
 	English: diffuse source
 	English definition: Pollution which arises from various activities with no discrete source. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 diffuse verontreiniging
 	English: diffuse pollution
 	English definition: Pollution from widespread activities with no one discrete source, e.g. acid rain, pesticides, urban run-off etc. (Source: HGD)
 
 diffusie
 	English: diffusion
 	English definition: The spontaneous movement and scattering of particles (atoms and molecules), of liquid, gases, and solids. (Source: MGH)
 
 digitaal beeldverwerkingssysteem
 	English: image processing digital system
 	English definition: A coordinated assemblage of computer devices designed to capture and manipulate pictures stored as data in discrete, quantized units or digits. (Source: GIS)
 
 digitaal terreinmodel
 	English: digital land model
 	English definition: A representation of a surface's topography stored in a numerical format. Each pixel has been assigned coordinates and an altitude. (Source: CCRS)
 
 digitale beeldverwerkingstechniek
 	English: digital image processing technique
 	English definition: Techniques employed in the calibration of image data, the correction or reduction of errors occurring during capture or transmission of the data and in various types of image enhancement-operations which increase the ability of the analyst to recognize features of interest. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 digitaliseren
 	English: digitising
 	English definition: The process of converting data to a form used in computers, transmitted or stored with digital technology and expressed as a string of 0's and 1's. (Source: WIC)
 
 dijk
 	English: dyke
 	English definition: An artificial wall, embankment, ridge, or mound, usually of earth or rock fill, built around a relatively flat, low-lying area to protect it from flooding; a levee. A dyke may be also be constructed on the shore or border of a lake to prevent inflow of undesirable water. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 dijkverzwaring
 	English: dyke reinforcement
 	English definition: The addition of material to strengthen the structure of the dykes. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 dioxine
 	English: dioxin
 	English definition: A by-product formed during the preparation of the herbicide 2, 4, 5-T, and sometimes produced by the incineration of chlorinated organic compounds. It may also occur naturally and is distributed widely in the environment, except locally in extremely low concentrations. Substantial amounts were released by the industrial accident of Seveso in 1976. (Source: ALL)
 
 dispersie [chem. en fys.]
 	English: dispersion
 	English definition: A distribution of finely divided particles in a medium. (Source: MGH)
 
 dispersieberekening
 	English: dispersion calculation
 	English definition: The calculation of pollutant dispersion is based on the use of air dispersion models that mathematically simulate atmospheric conditions and behaviour. Dispersion models can provide concentration or deposition estimates and can be used to evaluate both existing and hypothetical emissions scenarios. (Source: ENVAR)
 
 distillatie
 	English: distillation
 	English definition: The process of producing a gas or vapour from a liquid by heating the liquid in a vessel and collecting and condensing the vapours into liquids. (Source: MGH)
 
 distilleerderijen
 	English: distilling industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of alcoholic beverages made by a distillation process of vaporization and condensation, such as vodka, rum, whiskey and other related beverages. (Source: RHW / SIC)
 
 divers product
 	English: miscellaneous product
 
 DNA
 	English: DNA
 	English definition: The principal material of inheritance. It is found in chromosomes and consists of molecules that are long unbranched chains made up of many nucleotides. Each nucleotide is a combination of phosphoric acid, the monosaccharide deoxyribose and one of four nitrogenous bases: thymine, cytosine, adenine or guanine. The number of possible arrangements of nucleotides along the DNA chain is immense. Usually two DNA strands are linked together in parallel by specific base-pairing and are helically coiled. Replication of DNA molecules is accomplished by separation of the two strands, followed by the building up of matching strands by means of base-pairing, using the two halves as templates. By a mechanism involving RNA, the structure of DNA is translated into the structure of proteins during their synthesis from amino acids. (Source: ALL)
 
 document
 	English: document
 	English definition: Material of any kind, regardless of physical form, which furnishes information, evidence or ideas, including items such as contracts, bills of sale, letters, audio and video recordings, and machine readable data files. (Source: CCL)
 
 documentaire
 	English: documentary film
 	English definition: Any motion picture or movie in which an actual event, era or life story is presented factually, with little or no fiction. (Source: C / RHW)
 
 documentatie
 	English: documentation
 	English definition: The process of accumulating, classifying and disseminating information, often to support the claim or data given in a book or article. (Source: OED)
 
 documentatie centrum
 	English: documentation centre
 	English definition: Centre for assembling, coding, and disseminating recorded knowledge comprehensively treated as an integral procedure, utilizing various techniques for giving documentary information maximum accessibility and usability. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 documentatiesysteem
 	English: documentary system
 	English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources providing written, printed or digitized items that furnish or substantiate information or evidence. (Source: RHW)
 
 doelgroep
 	English: target group
 	English definition: A collection of people selected and approached by some entity for a variety of purposes, including assistance, recruitment, information dissemination, marketing and research. (Source: RHW)
 
 doelstellingen van individuele economische ondernemingen
 	English: goal of individual economic business
 	English definition: The aim, purpose, objective, or end for a profit-seeking enterprise engaged in commerce, manufacturing, or a service. (Source: RHW)
 
 door aardbeving veroorzaakte zeegolven
 	English: seismic sea wave
 	English definition: A large seismically generated sea wave which is capable of considerable destruction in certain coastal areas, especially where submarine earthquakes occur. Although in the open ocean the wave height may be less than one meter it steepens to hights of 15 metres or more on entering shallow coastal water. The wavelength in the open ocean is of the order of 100 to 150 km and the rate of travel of a seismic sea wave is between 640 and 960 km/h. (Source: WHIT)
 
 door bestrijdingsmiddelen gevolgde weg
 	English: pesticide pathway
 	English definition: The specific or known route or vector of any chemical substance released into the environment to prevent, destroy or mitigate any pest that is directly or indirectly detrimental to harvest crops and other human interests. (Source: TOE / FAI / DOE)
 
 door de mens veroorzaakte klimaatsverandering
 	English: man-made climate change
 	English definition: Man-made climate changes may be due to the greenhouse effect and other human activities. A change in albedo of the land brought about by desertification and deforestation affects the amount of solar energy absorbed at the earth's surface. Man-made aerosols produced from the sulphur released from power stations can modify clouds. Changes in ozone levels in the stratosphere due to CFCs may influence climate. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 door de mens veroorzaakte ramp
 	English: human-made disaster
 	English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment caused by man. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 door de wet beschermd recht
 	English: legally protected right
 	English definition: A justifiable claim to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way, which is supported by law and is covered or shielded from the danger of being revoked or repealed. (Source: OED)
 
 doordrenking (materialen)
 	English: impregnation (materials)
 	English definition: The forcing of a liquid substance into the spaces of a porous solid in order to change its properties, as the impregnation of wood with creosote to preserve its integrity against water damage. (Source: MGHa)
 
 doorlatendheid
 	English: permeability
 	English definition: The ability of a membrane or other material to permit a substance to pass through it. (Source: MGH)
 
 doorlichting
 	English: audit
 	English definition: The periodic or continuous verification of the accounts, assets and liabilities of a company or other organization, often to confirm compliance with legal and professional standards. (Source: West's / ODE)
 
 doorlopende scholing
 	English: continuing education
 	English definition: Various forms, methods, and processes of formal and informal education for the continued learning of all ages and categories of the general public. Oriented toward the continued learning/developmental processes of the individual throughout life. (Source: UNUN)
 
 doorsijpeling van water in de bodem
 	English: water infiltration into the ground
 	English definition: The movement of surface water into soil or rock through cracks and pores. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 doorstromingsveld
 	English: flow field
 	English definition: The velocity and the density of a fluid as functions of position and time. (Source: MGH)
 
 dorp
 	English: village
 	English definition: A group of houses and other buildings, such as a church, a school and some shops, which is smaller than a town, usually in the countryside. (Source: CAMB)
 
 dosering
 	English: dosage
 	English definition: The amount of a substance required to produce an effect. (Source: CONFER)
 
 dosis
 	English: dose
 	English definition: The amount of test substance administered. Dose is expressed as weight of test substance (g, mg) per unit weight of test animal (e.g., mg/kg), or as weight of food or drinking water. (Source: LEE)
 
 dosis-effectrelatie
 	English: dose-effect relationship
 	English definition: The relation between the quantity of a given substance and a measurable or observable effect. (Source: KOREN)
 
 douane
 	English: customs
 	English definition: Duties charged upon commodities on their importation into, or exportation out of, a country.
 
 douaneregelingen
 	English: customs regulation
 	English definition: A body of rules or orders generally issued by the executive authority of a government to establish and direct the taxes, duties or tariffs payable upon merchandise exported or imported. (Source: BLD)
 
 douanetarief
 	English: customs tariff
 	English definition: An official list or schedule setting forth the duties imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. (Source: OED)
 
 draagvermogen
 	English: load bearing capacity
 	English definition: The maximum load that a system can support before failing. (Source: LEEa)
 
 draaioven
 	English: rotary furnace
 	English definition: A heat-treating furnace of circular construction which rotates the workpiece around the axis of the furnace during heat treatment; workpieces are transported through the furnace along a circular path. (Source: MGH)
 
 drager
 	English: carrier
 
 drank
 	English: beverage
 	English definition: Any one of various liquids for drinking, usually excluding water. (Source: AMHER)
 
 drankenindustrie
 	English: beverage industry
 
 drijfgas
 	English: propellant
 	English definition: A gas used in aerosol preparations to expel the liquid contents through an atomizer. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 drijfnetvisserij
 	English: drift net fishing
 	English definition: The use of fishing nets of great length and depth, aptly described as 'walls of death' because of the huge numbers of marine mammals, birds, and turtles that became ensnared in them. The Tarawa Declaration of 1989 formulated at the 20th South Pacific Forum, aimed at banning drift netting in the South Pacific. In June 1992 the UN banned drift netting in all the world's oceans. (Source: GILP96)
 
 drijvende olielaag
 	English: oil slick
 	English definition: The mass of oil that floats on a surface of water, which is discharged accidentally, naturally or by design, and can be moved by currents, tides and the wind. (Source: ALL)
 
 drinkwater
 	English: drinking water
 	English definition: Water that is agreeable to drink, does not present health hazards and whose quality is normally regulated by legislation. (Source: GUNN)
 
 drinkwaterbeschermingsgebied
 	English: drinking water protection area
 	English definition: Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater. (Source: AZENP)
 
 drinkwatervoorziening
 	English: drinking water supply
 	English definition: The provision and storage of potable water, or the amount of potable water stored, for the use of a municipality, or other potable water user. (Source: ISEP)
 
 droge depositie
 	English: dry deposition
 	English definition: The accumulation of both particles and gases as they come into contact with soil, water or vegetation on the earth's surfaces. (Source: DES)
 
 drogen
 	English: drying
 	English definition: The process of partially or totally removing water or other liquids from a solid. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 droog gazon
 	English: dry lawn
 
 droogontsmetting van zaad
 	English: seed dressing
 	English definition: A chemical applied before planting to protect seeds and seedlings from disease or insects. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 droogte
 	English: drought
 	English definition: A period of abnormally dry weather sufficiently prolonged so that the lack of water causes a serious hydrologic imbalance (such as crop damage, water supply shortage) in the affected area. (Source: MGH)
 
 droogtebeheer
 	English: drought control
 	English definition: Measures taken to prevent, mitigate or eliminate damage caused to the ecosystem, especially crops, by a sustained period of dry weather. (Source: ISEP)
 
 druk
 	English: pressure
 	English definition: A type of stress which is exerted uniformly in all directions; its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (Source: MGH)
 
 drukkerij
 	English: printing work
 	English definition: The art, process or business of producing reproductions of written text or images in multiple copies, in book, periodical or newspaper formats, or in other similar formats. (Source: SIC / RHW)
 
 drukkerij-industrie
 	English: printing industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the reproduction of written text or images in multiple copies such as books, periodicals, newspapers or other similar formats. (Source: SIC)
 
 druppelsgewijze bevloeiing
 	English: trickle irrigation
 	English definition: Method in which water drips to the soil from perforated tubes or emitters. This irrigation technology is water conserving compared to flooding, furrows, and sprinklers. (Source: CNIE)
 
 dry farming
 	English: dry farming
 	English definition: A system of extensive agriculture allowing the production of crops without irrigation in areas of limited rainfall. Dry farming involves conserving soil moisture through mulching, frequent fallowing, maintenance of a fine tilth by cross-ploughing, repeated working of the soil after rainfall and removal of any weeds that would take up some of the moisture. (Source: GOOD)
 
 duin
 	English: dune
 	English definition: A low mound, ridge, bank, or hill of loose, windblown granular material (generally sand, sometimes volcanic ash), either bare or covered with vegetation, capable of movement from place but always retaining its characteristic shape. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 duurzaam gebruik
 	English: sustainable use
 	English definition: Use of the environment and its living resources at a rate that does not exceed its capacity for renewal in order to ensure its availability for future generations. (Source: DUNSTE /  UNUNa)
 
 duurzaamheid
 	English: durability
 	English definition: The state or quality of being able to last or continue in a particular condition, resisting wear, decay or significant deterioration. (Source: RHW)
 
 duurzaamheidsbeginsel
 	English: principle of sustainability
 	English definition: Principle stated by the World Commission on Environment and Development (The Bruntland Commission) in 1987: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. Sustainable development is a process of integrating economic, social and ecological goals, and should not mean a trade-off between the environment and development. Sustainable development should imply balance rather than conflict. (Source: GRAHAWa)
 
 duurzame goederen
 	English: durable goods
 	English definition: Goods which have a reasonably long life and which are not generally consumed in use: e.g. refrigerator. (Source: WESTS)
 
 duurzame ontwikkeling
 	English: sustainable development
 	English definition: Development that provides economic, social and environmental benefits in the long term having regard to the needs of living and future generations. Defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987 as: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (Source: GILP96)
 
 duurzame ontwikkelingsindicator
 	English: sustainable development indicator
 	English definition: Statistical indicators used for measuring sustainable development that may be chosen among a wide range of themes as, for example, environmental capacity and quality of life. (Source: PORT)
 
 dwangmaatregel
 	English: penalty
 	English definition: 1) A punishment for a crime.2) A sum specified in a contract as payable on its breach but not constituting a genuine estimate of the likely loss. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 eco-fysiologie
 	English: ecophysiology
 	English definition: The study of biophysical, biochemical and physiological processes used by animals to cope with factors of their physical environment, or employed during ecological interactions with other organisms. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 ecologie (als onderdeel van de sociologie)
 	English: human ecology
 	English definition: The study of the growth, distribution, and organization of human communities relative to their interrelationships with other humans and other species and with their environment. (Source: UNUN)
 
 ecologie van het water
 	English: aquatic ecology
 	English definition: The study of the relationships among aquatic living organisms and between those organisms and their environment. (Source: ALLa)
 
 ecologisch bouwen
 	English: green building
 	English definition: The self-contained dwelling where man simulates the ways of ecosystems, i.e. his wastes are converted to fuel by anaerobic digestion for methane production and the residues from the digestion are used for growing food. The food residues are composted and/or used for methane production. Solar energy is trapped by the greenhouse effect and used for house, crop and water heating. A windmill would be used for electricity. Thus, given sufficient space, sunshine, rainfall and wind, the ecohouse is in theory a self-contained system recycling its own wastes and using the sun as its energy input. (Source: PORT)
 
 ecologisch evenwicht
 	English: ecological balance
 	English definition: The condition of equilibrium among the components of a natural community such that their relative numbers remain fairly constant and their ecosystem is stable. Gradual readjustments to the composition of a balanced community take place continually in response to natural ecological succession and to alterations in climatic and other influences. (Source: ALL)
 
 ecologisch evenwicht
 	English: eco-balance
 	English definition: An eco-balance refers to the consumption of energy and resources and the pollution caused by the production cycle of a given product. The product is followed throughout its entire life cycle, from the extraction of the raw materials, manufacturing and use, right through to recycling and final handling of waste. (Source: DUNI)
 
 ecologisch gevoelig gebied
 	English: ecologically sensitive area
 	English definition: Area where it is likely that a change in some parts of the system will produce a recognizable response. (Source: ALL2a)
 
 ecologische (levens)gemeenschap
 	English: ecological community
 	English definition: 1) All of the plants and animals in an area or volume; a complex association usually containing both animals and plants. 2) Any naturally occurring group of organisms that occupy a common environment. (Source: LANDY /  ALL)
 
 ecologische aanpassing
 	English: ecological adaptation
 	English definition: Change in an organism so that it is better able to survive or reproduce, thereby contributing to its fitness. (Source: PHC)
 
 ecologische abondantie
 	English: ecological abundance
 	English definition: Number of individual specimens of an animal or plant seen over a certain period of time in a certain place. (Source: PHC)
 
 ecologische beoordeling
 	English: ecological assessment
 	English definition: Ecological assessment consists in monitoring the current and changing conditions of ecological resources from which success or failure of the ecosystem can be judged without bias; understanding more fully the structure and function of ecosystems in order to develop improved management options; developing models to predict the response of ecosystems to changes resulting from human-induced stress from which possible ecosystem management strategies can be assessed and assessing the ecological consequences of management actions so that decisionmakers can best understand the outcomes of choosing a particular management strategy. (Source: ESEPA)
 
 ecologische boekhouding
 	English: ecological bookkeeping
 	English definition: The systematic accounting or recordkeeping of a company's impact on the environment or its progress towards environmentally sound business practices. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 ecologische cultuur
 	English: environmental culture
 	English definition: The total of learned behavior, attitudes, practices and knowledge that a society has with respect to maintaining or protecting its natural resources, the ecosystem and all other external conditions affecting human life. (Source: ANT / TOE)
 
 ecologische draagvermogen
 	English: ecological carrying capacity
 	English definition: 1) The maximum number of species an area can support during the harshest part of the year, or the maximum biomass it can support indefinitely. 2) The maximum number of grazing animals an area can support without deterioration. (Source: ALL)
 
 ecologische factor
 	English: ecological factor
 	English definition: An environmental factor that, under some definite conditions, can exert appreciable influence on organisms or their communities, causing the increase or decrease in the number of organisms and/or changes in the communities. (Source: UNUN)
 
 ecologische inventarisatie
 	English: ecological stocktaking
 	English definition: Taking stock of, evaluating, or inventorying a company's impact on the environment or its progress towards environmentally sound business practices. (Source: RHW)
 
 ecologische niche
 	English: ecological niche
 	English definition: 1) The space occupied by a species, which includes both the physical space as well as the functional role of the species.2) Ecological niche refers to the characteristics of an environment that provides all the essential food and protection for the continued survival of a particular species of flora or fauna. In addition to food and shelter, there is no long-term threat to existence in that place from potential predators, parasites and competitors. The concept of the ecological niche goes a long way beyond the idea of the species habitat. (Source: LBC /  WRIGHT)
 
 ecologische ongelijkheid
 	English: ecological inequality
 	English definition: Any imbalance or disparity among inhabitants of the same living environment deemed inappropriate, unjust or detrimental to that environment's integrity. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 ecologische ontwikkeling
 	English: ecodevelopment
 	English definition: 1) Conservative development based on long term optimization of biosphere resources.2)An approach to development through rational use of natural resources by means of appropriate technology and system of production which take into account and provide for the conservation of nature. (Source: GREMES /  UNUN)
 
 ecologische parameter
 	English: ecological parameter
 	English definition: A variable, measurable property whose value is a determinant of the characteristics of an ecosystem. (Source: EPAGLOa)
 
 ecologische zone
 	English: ecozone
 	English definition: A broad geographic area in which there are distinctive climate patterns, ocean conditions, types of landscapes and species of plants and animals. (Source: SCHNET)
 
 economie
 	English: economics
 	English definition: The social study of the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. (Source: GREENW)
 
 economie
 	English: economy
 	English definition: The system of activities and administration through which a society uses its resources to produce wealth. (Source: GOOD)
 
 economie
 	English: economics
 
 economie, financien
 	English: economics, finance
 
 economisch beleid
 	English: economic policy
 	English definition: A definite course of action adopted and pursued by a government, political party or enterprise pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities. (Source: RHW)
 
 economisch gebied
 	English: economic region
 	English definition: A district or an administrative division of a city or territory that is designed according to some material, distributive or productive criteria. (Source: RHW)
 
 economisch managementsinstrumenten
 	English: economic management instrument
 	English definition: A tool or method used by any organization in the management of developmental processes used in the production of, or in the regulation of, material resources. (Source: OED)
 
 economisch plan
 	English: economic plan
 	English definition: A design, scheme or project pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities. (Source: RHW)
 
 economisch systeem
 	English: economic system
 	English definition: Organized sets of procedures used within or between communities to govern the production and distribution of goods and services. (Source: TEA)
 
 economische activiteit
 	English: economic activity
 	English definition: Any effort, work, function or sphere of action pertaining to the production of goods, services or any other resource with exchange value. (Source: RHW / NDECON)
 
 economische analyse
 	English: economic analysis
 	English definition: The quantitative and qualitative identification, study, and evaluation of the nature of an economy or a system of organization or operation. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 economische concentratie
 	English: economic concentration
 	English definition: The extent to which a market is taken up by producers within a given industry. (Source: ODE)
 
 economische gegevens
 	English: economic data
 
 economische geografie
 	English: economic geography
 	English definition: The geography of people making a living, dealing with the spatial patterns of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The development of economic geography over the past three decades has witnessed the substitution of analysis for description, leading to an identification of the factors and an understanding of the processes affecting the spatial differentiation of economic activities over the earth's surface. (Source: GOOD)
 
 economische groei
 	English: economic growth
 	English definition: An increase over successive periods in the productivity and wealth of a household, country or region, as measured by one of several possible variables, such as the gross domestic product. (Source: ODE)
 
 economische instrumenten
 	English: economic instrument
 	English definition: Any tool or method used by an organization to achieve general developmental goals in the production of, or in the regulation of, material resources. (Source: OED)
 
 economische levensvatbaarheid
 	English: economic viability
 	English definition: Capability of developing and surviving as a relatively independent social, economic or political unit. (Source: WEBSTEa)
 
 economische ontwikkeling
 	English: economic development
 	English definition: The state of nations and the historical processes of change experienced by them, the extent to which the resources of a nation are brought into productive use; the concept of development subsumes associated social, cultural and political changes as well as welfare measures. (Source: GOOD)
 
 economische planning
 	English: economic planning
 	English definition: An economy in which prices, incomes etc. are determined centrally by government rather than through the operation of the free market, and in which industrial production is governed by an overall national plan.
 
 economische rechten
 	English: economic rights
 	English definition: The just claims and legal guarantees to access, participate in and profit from the production, distribution and use of property, intellectual property, income and wealth. (Source: RHW)
 
 economische sector
 	English: economic sector
 	English definition: A part of a country's or region's commercial, industrial and financial activity, delimited either by public, corporate and private organization of expenditures or by agriculture, manufacturing and service product types. (Source: ODE)
 
 economische steun
 	English: economic support
 	English definition: Any form of financial assistance or inducement for persons or institutions. (Source: ISEP)
 
 economische stimuleringsmaatregel
 	English: economic incentive
 	English definition: Rewards or penalties offered by government or management to induce an economic sector, company or group of workers to act in such a way as to produce results that plan objectives or policy goals. (Source: ODE)
 
 economische structuur
 	English: economic structure
 	English definition: The underlying framework, including transportation and communications systems, industrial facilities, education and technology, that enables a country or region to produce goods, services and other resources with exchange value. (Source: MGHME / RHW)
 
 economische theorie
 	English: economic theory
 	English definition: The study of relationships in the economy. Its purpose is to analyze and explain the behaviour of the various economic elements. The body of economic theory can be divided into two broad categories, positive theory and welfare theory. Positive theory is an attempt to analyze the operation of the economy without considering the desirability of its results in terms of ultimate goals. Welfare theory is concerned primarily with an evaluation of the economic system in terms of ethical goals which are not themselves derived from economic analysis. (Source: GREENW)
 
 economische toestand
 	English: economic situation
 	English definition: The complex of elements which, in a given period, characterize the condition or state of a country or region's ability to produce goods, services and other resources with exchange value. (Source: trZ / RHW)
 
 economische trend
 	English: economic trend
 	English definition: Changes of variables and parameters of an economic system, analysed in statistical calculations.
 
 economisch-ecologische efficientie
 	English: economical-ecological efficiency
 	English definition: The competency in performance in business matters involving the relation between financial and environmental principles. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 eco-pediatrie
 	English: eco-paediatrics
 	English definition: Branch of medical science concerning the study and the therapy of children diseases caused by environmental factors. (Source: CEDa /  RRDA)
 
 ecosysteem
 	English: ecosystem
 	English definition: A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an ecological unit. (Source: LBC)
 
 ecosysteem in water
 	English: aquatic ecosystem
 	English definition: Any watery environment, from small to large, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. (Source: GILP96)
 
 ecosysteem riviermonding
 	English: estuarine ecosystem
 
 ecosysteem van bosgebeid
 	English: woodland ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in wooded areas or land areas covered with trees and shrubs. (Source: TOE / WOR)
 
 ecosysteem van de bodem
 	English: terrestrial ecosystem
 	English definition: Any terrestrial environment, from small to large, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. (Source: GILP96)
 
 ecosysteem van de zeebodem
 	English: benthic ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of the biological communities located at the bottom of bodies of freshwater and saltwater and their non-living environmental surroundings. (Source: TOE / DOE)
 
 ecosysteem van een onvruchtbaar gebied
 	English: arid land ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the annual precipitation averages less than 10 inches per year. (Source: TOE / DOE)
 
 ecosysteem van grasland
 	English: grassland ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of the biological communities located in biomes characterized by the dominance of indigenous grasses, grasslike plants and forbs, and their non-living environmental surroundings. (Source: TOE / DOE)
 
 ecosysteem van hooglanden
 	English: highland ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting systems of the biological communities and their non-living surroundings in regions of relatively high elevation, typically characterized by decreased air pressure and temperature, reduced oxygen availability and increased isolation. (Source: TOE / APD)
 
 ecosysteem van waterrijke gebied
 	English: wetlands ecosystem
 	English definition: Ecosystems of areas largely inundated with water but offering elevated lands as a habitat for wildlife. This areas include swamps, both seasonal and permanent, marsh, open fresh water, shallow saline lagoons, the estuaries of rivers, floodplains and coastal sand dunes. They provide food, breeding grounds, water and sanctuary for many forms of fish, birds and other animal and plant life. They are among the most productive ecosystems producing timber, peat moss and crops such as rice and a variety of berries. (Source: GILP96 /  WRIGHT)
 
 ecosysteem van/in koude gebieden
 	English: cold zone ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings located in climatic regions where the air temperature is below 10deg Celsius for eight to eleven months of the year. (Source: TOE / EOC)
 
 ecosysteem-analyse
 	English: ecosystem analysis
 	English definition: Detailed study of an ecosystem carried out to ascertain its features from the point of view of its soil composition, energy flux, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, organisms and their relationship with the environment. (Source: RRDA)
 
 ecosystemen van halfdroog land
 	English: semi-arid land ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions that have between 10 to 20 inches of rainfall and are capable of sustaining some grasses and shrubs but not woodland. (Source: TOE / DOE)
 
 ecosyteem van het tropisch woud
 	English: tropical forest ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in forests found in tropical regions near the equator, which are characterized by warm to hot weather and abundant rainfall. (Source: TOE / DOE)
 
 ecotoerisme
 	English: ecotourism
 	English definition: Excursions to relatively untouched lands, which for the tourist promise the chance to observe unusual wildlife and indigenous inhabitants. The travel industry, in an attempt to market adventure and authenticity to those travellers weary of 'civilisation' promote travel to environments free of modern technology. Ecotourism's inherent contradiction is the promotion of untouched lands, which immediately become touched by the hands of tourism. (Source: WPR)
 
 ecotoxicologie
 	English: ecotoxicology
 	English definition: The science dealing with the adverse effects of chemical, physical agents, and natural products on populations and communities of plants, animals and human beings. (Source: GILP96)
 
 ecotoxicologische evaluatie
 	English: ecotoxicological evaluation
 	English definition: Evaluation of the adverse effects of chemicals, physical agents, and natural products on population and communities and plants, animals and human beings. (Source: GILP96)
 
 ecotype
 	English: ecotype
 	English definition: Species that has special characteristics which allow it to live in a certain habitat. (Source: PHC)
 
 een onderneming sluiten
 	English: closing down of firm
 	English definition: The termination or shutdown, temporary or permanent, of a corporation, factory or some other business organization. (Source: RHW)
 
 een plaats ophogen
 	English: raising a site
 	English definition: The building up of land by the deposition of allochthonous material, such as rocks, gravel, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 een steengroeve ontginnen
 	English: quarrying
 	English definition: The surface exploitation and removal of stone or mineral deposits from the earth's crust. (Source: MGH)
 
 eengezinswoning
 	English: single family dwelling
 	English definition: An unattached dwelling unit inhabited by an adult person plus one or more related persons. (Source: KOREN)
 
 Eerste Kamer
 	English: Upper House
 	English definition: The body of a bicameral legislature comprising either representatives of member states in a federation or a select number of individuals from certain privileged estates or social classes.  (Source: (Source: CIV / RHW)
 
 eetbare vetten
 	English: edible fat
 	English definition: An oil that can be eaten as a food or food accessory. (Source: MGH)
 
 effect op het microklimaat
 	English: microclimate effect
 
 effect van handel op het milieu
 	English: trade impact on environment
 	English definition: Trade impacts on the environment can be direct, such as trade of endangered species, of natural resources, of natural products such as tropical timber, etc., or indirect, such as deforestation, loss of habitats, pollution from mining, from energy production, oil spills, global warming, etc., increases in transport infrastructures. (Source: NWFa)
 
 effecten
 	English: effect
 	English definition: Effects include: a) direct effects, which are caused by the action and occur at the same time and place, b) indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, that are still reasonably foreseeable. (Source: LANDY)
 
 efficientiecriterium
 	English: efficiency criterion
 	English definition: Parameter or rule for assessing the competency in performance of production relative to the input of resources. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 efficientieniveau
 	English: efficiency level
 	English definition: The ratio of output to input, usually given as a percentage. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 effluent
 	English: effluent
 	English definition: The waste liquid from domestic sewage, industrial sites or from agricultural processes. Effluents are harmful when they enter the environment, especially in freshwater, because of their polluting chemical composition. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 EG Raad van Ministers
 	English: EC Council of Ministers
 	English definition: The organ of the EU that is primarily concerned with the formulation of policy and the adoption of Community legislation. The Council consists of one member of government of each of the member states of the Community, and its presidency is held by each state in turn for periods of six months. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 EG-beleid
 	English: EC policy
 
 EG-milieukeur(merk)
 	English: EC ecolabel
 	English definition: The European Community (EC) initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. For example, eco-labels will be awarded to products that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which damage ozone layer, to those products that can be, or are, recycled, and to those that are energy efficient. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. These cover the whole life cycle of a product, from the extraction of raw materials, through manufacture, distribution, use and disposal of the product. The first products to carry the EC eco-labels were washing machines, paper towels, writing paper, light bulbs and hairsprays. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 EG-Raad
 	English: EU Council
 	English definition: The Council of the European Union is an institution which exercises legislative and decision-making powers. At the same time, it is the forum in which the representatives of the Governments of the 15 Member States can assert their interests and try to reach compromises. The Council ensures general coordination of the activities of the European Community, the main objective of which is the establishment of an internal market, i.e. an area without internal frontiers guaranteeing four freedoms of movement - for goods, persons, services and capital - to which should soon be added a single currency. In addition, the Council is responsible for intergovernmental cooperation, in common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and in the areas of justice and home affairs (JHA), including for example matters of immigration and asylum, combating terrorism and drugs and judicial cooperation. (Source: UEEU)
 
 EG-richtlijn
 	English: EC directive
 	English definition: A type of legislation issued by the European Union which is binding on Member States in terms of the results to be achieved but which leaves to Member States the choice of methods. (Source: BUSIN)
 
 EG-richtlijn betreffende afvalverwerking
 	English: EC directive on waste disposal
 	English definition: EC Directive whose main object concerns waste prevention, recycling and transformation into alternative energy sources. (Source: DIRAMB)
 
 EG-richtlijn betreffende biociden
 	English: EC directive on biocides
 	English definition: Directive regulating the placing of biocidal products on the market. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 EG-richtlijn betreffende de bescherming van water
 	English: EC directive on water protection
 	English definition: Directive concerning the use and management of water resources for a rational economical and social development and the protection of the related environmental features. (Source: DIRAMB)
 
 EG-richtlijn betreffende verpakkingen
 	English: EC directive on packaging
 	English definition: EC Directive proposed on 15 July 1992 aiming at harmonizing national measures concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste; the directive covers all packaging placed on the market. (Source: PORT)
 
 EG-Verdrag
 	English: EC Treaty
 
 EG-verordening
 	English: EC regulation
 
 EG-verordening betreffende milieubeheer en
 	English: EC regulation on eco-management and audit
 
 EG-verordening inzake bestaande chemicalien
 	English: EC regulation on existing chemicals
 	English definition: Regulation designed to identify and control of risks deriving from existing chemicals. According to this program the main goal is the collection of basic information about existing chemicals including their uses and characteristics, environmental fate and pathways, toxicity and ecotoxicity. (Source: DOBRIS)
 
 ei
 	English: egg
 	English definition: A large, female sex cell enclosed in a porous, calcareous or leathery shell, produced by birds and reptiles. (Source: MGH)
 
 eigenaar van het afval
 	English: owner of waste
 	English definition: Any possessor or proprietor of refuse from places of human or animal habitation, or of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: TOE)
 
 eigendom
 	English: ownership
 	English definition: Collection of rights to use and enjoy property, including right to transmit it to others. The complete dominion, title, or proprietary right in a thing or claim. (Source: BLACK)
 
 eigendomsbescherming
 	English: property protection
 	English definition: That benefit or safety which the government affords to the citizens to insure their individual or corporate right to exclusive enjoyment and disposal of property, money and any other thing tangible or intangible that represents a source of income or wealth. (Source: LLL)
 
 eigendomsrecht
 	English: right of property
 	English definition: The legal guarantee or just claim inhering in a citizen's relation to some physical thing, but especially a plot of land, including the right to possess, use and dispose of it. (Source: BLD)
 
 eigendomsregister
 	English: land and property register
 	English definition: The system of registering certain legal estates or interests in land. It describes the land and any additional rights incidental to it, such as rights of way over adjoining land. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 eigenschap
 	English: attribute
 	English definition: A distinctive feature of an object. In mapping and GIS applications, the objects are points, lines, or polygons that represent features such as sampling locations, section corners (points); roads and streams (lines); lakes, forest and soil types (polygons). These attributes can be further divided into classes such as tree species Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine) for forest types and paved and gravel for road types. Multiple attributes are generally associated with objects that are located on a single map layer. (Source: FORUMT)
 
 eiken(bomen)
 	English: oak
 	English definition: Any tree of the genus Quercus in the order Fagales, characterized by simple, usually lobed leaves, scaly winter buds, a star-shaped pith, and its fruit, the acorn, which is a nut; the wood is tough, hard, and durable, generally having a distinct pattern. (Source: MGH)
 
 eiland
 	English: island
 	English definition: A land mass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water. (Source: AMHER)
 
 eilandecosysteem
 	English: island ecosystem
 	English definition: Unique but fragile and vulnerable ecosystems due to the fact that the evolution of their flora and fauna has taken place in relative isolation. Many remote islands have some of the most unique flora in the world; some have species of plants and animals that are not found anywhere else, which have evolved in a specialized way, sheltered from the fierce competition that species face on mainland. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 eilandengroep
 	English: archipelago
 	English definition: A chain of many islands including the waters that surround them. (Source: DOE)
 
 eindopslag
 	English: final storage
 	English definition: A system where inert materials, which are not to be mobilized by natural processes even for long time periods, are confined by three barriers: the natural impermeable surroundings, an artificial barrier (such as liner) which can be controlled and, most important, the inert material itself. The concept of final storage includes the possibility to mine the materials in the future if such materials are sufficiently 'clean' (mono-landfills) and if it becomes economic to mine such ores.
 
 eiwit
 	English: protein
 	English definition: Any of a class of high-molecular weight polymer compounds composed of a variety of alfa-amino acids joined by peptide linkages. (Source: MGH)
 
 eiwithoudend product
 	English: protein product
 
 elasticiteit
 	English: elasticity
 	English definition: Ability of a material to return to original dimensions after deformation. (Source: LEE)
 
 elders
 	English: off-site
 	English definition: Activities taking place or located away from the site. (Source: AMHER)
 
 elektriciteit
 	English: electricity
 	English definition: A general term used for all phenomena caused by electric charge whether static or in motion. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 elektriciteitsbedrijf
 	English: electricity company
 	English definition: Company which is responsible for the supply and distribution of electric energy to a given area. (Source: RRDA)
 
 elektriciteitsbeheer
 	English: electricity supply industry
 	English definition: Industry for the supply and distribution of electric power. (Source: RRDA)
 
 elektriciteitscentrale
 	English: electric power plant
 	English definition: A stationary plant containing apparatus for large-scale conversion of some form of energy (such as hydraulic, steam, chemical, or nuclear energy) into electrical energy. (Source: MGH)
 
 elektriciteitscentrale
 	English: power station
 	English definition: A stationary plant containing apparatus for large-scale conversion of some form of energy (such as hydraulic, steam, chemical, or nuclear energy) into electrical energy. (Source: MGH)
 
 elektriciteitsopwekking
 	English: electricity generation
 	English definition: The act or process of transforming other forms of energy into electric energy. (Source: LEE)
 
 elektriciteitsverbruik
 	English: electricity consumption
 	English definition: Amount of electricity consumed by an apparatus. (Source: PHC)
 
 elektriciteitsvoorziening
 	English: electric power supply
 
 elektrische batterij
 	English: electrical storage device
 
 elektrische batterij
 	English: electric battery
 	English definition: A direct-current voltage source made up of one or more units that convert chemical, thermal, nuclear, or solar energy into electrical energy. (Source: MGH)
 
 elektrische leiding
 	English: electric line
 	English definition: Wires conducting electric power from one location to another; also known as electric power line. (Source: MGH)
 
 elektrische stroom
 	English: electric power
 	English definition: The rate at which electric energy is converted to other forms of energy, equal to the product of the current and the voltage drop. (Source: MGH)
 
 elektrokinetica
 	English: electrokinetics
 	English definition: The study of the motion of electric charges, especially of steady currents in electric circuits, and of the motion of electrified particles in electric or magnetic fields. (Source: MGH)
 
 elektrolyse
 	English: electrolysis
 	English definition: The production of a chemical reaction by passing an electric current through an electrolyte. In electrolysis, positive ions migrate to the cathode and negative ions to the anode. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 elektronica
 	English: electronics
 	English definition: Study, control, and application of the conduction of electricity through gases or vacuum or through semiconducting or conducting materials. (Source: MGH)
 
 elektronisch afval
 	English: electronic scrap
 	English definition: Any material from electronic devices and systems, generated as a waste stream in a processing operation or discarded after service. (Source: APD / RHW)
 
 elektronisch materiaal
 	English: electronic material
 
 elektronische informatienetwerk
 	English: electronic information network
 	English definition: A system of interrelated computer and telecommunications devices linked to permit the exchange of data in digital or analog signals. (Source: WIC)
 
 elektronische post
 	English: electronic mail
 	English definition: Information or computer stored messages that are transmitted or exchanged from one computer terminal to another, through telecommunication. (Source: CED / WIC)
 
 elektrosmog
 	English: electrosmog
 	English definition: Pollution caused by electric and magnetic fields generated by power lines, electrical equipment, mobile and cordless phones, radar, electrical household appliances, microwave ovens, radios, computers, electric clocks, etc. (Source: NPLa)
 
 elektrotechniek
 	English: electrical engineering
 	English definition: Engineering that deals with practical applications of electricity; generally restricted to applications involving current flow through conductors, as in motors and generators. (Source: MGH)
 
 elektrotechnische apparatuur
 	English: electrotechnical equipment
 	English definition: All the equipment connected with the technological use of electric power. (Source: CEDa)
 
 elektrotechnische industrie
 	English: electrical industry
 	English definition: Industry for the production of electric energy. (Source: CED)
 
 elektrotechnische industrie
 	English: electrotechnical industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of machinery, apparatus and supplies for the generation, storage and utilization of electrical energy, such as household appliances, radio and television receiving equipment, and lighting and wiring equipment. (Source: SIC)
 
 elektrotechnische industrie
 	English: electrical goods industry
 	English definition: Economic activity for manufacturing electric material and devices. (Source: RRDA)
 
 elektrovoertuig
 	English: electric vehicle
 	English definition: Vehicle driven by an electric motor and characterized by being silent and less polluting. (Source: RRDA)
 
 element dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte
 	English: surface active compound
 	English definition: Any soluble substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds that reduces interfacial tension between liquids or a liquid and a solid, often used as detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers. (Source: APD / WQA)
 
 elementen uit groep 0
 	English: element of group 0
 	English definition: A group of monatomic gaseous elements forming group 18 (formerly group 0) of the periodic table: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). (Source: DICCHE)
 
 elementen uit groep I (alkalimetalen)
 	English: element of group I (alkaline)
 	English definition: Any of the monovalent metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium, belonging to group 1A of the periodic table. They are all very reactive and electropositive. (Source: CED)
 
 elementen uit groep II (aardalkalimetalen)
 	English: element of group II (alkaline earth metals)
 	English definition: Any of the divalent electropositive metals beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, belonging to group 2A of the periodic table. (Source: CED)
 
 elementen uit groep III
 	English: element of group III
 	English definition: Group III consists of two subgroups: group IIIb and group IIIa. Group IIIa consists of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanium, which is generally considered with the lanthanoids, and actinium, which is classified with the actinoids. Group IIIb, the main group, comprises boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. (Source: CHSK)
 
 elementen uit groep IV
 	English: element of group IV
 	English definition: Group IV consists of two subgroups: group IVb, main group, and group IVa. Group IVa consists of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium which are generally classified as transition metals. The main group consists of carbonium, silicium, germanium, tin, and lead. The main valency of the elements is IV, and the members of the group show a variation from nonmetallic to metallic behaviour in moving down the group. The reactivity of the elements increases down the group from carbon to lead. All react with oxygen on heating. (Source: CHSK)
 
 elementen uit groep V
 	English: element of group V
 	English definition: Group V consists of two subgroups: group Vb, the main group, and group Va. Group Va consists of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum, which are generally considered with the transition elements. The main group consists of nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. (Source: CHSK)
 
 elementen uit groep VI
 	English: element of group VI
 	English definition: Group VI consists of two subgroups: group VIb, the main group, and group VIa. Group VIa consists of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The main group consists of oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. (Source: CHSK)
 
 elementen uit groep VII
 	English: element of group VII
 	English definition: Any of the elements of the halogen family, consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. (Source: MGH)
 
 emancipatie
 	English: emancipation
 	English definition: The state of being free from social or political restraint or from the inhibition of moral or social conventions.
 
 embryo
 	English: embryo
 	English definition: An early stage of development in multicellular organisms. (Source: MGH)
 
 embryogenese
 	English: embryogenesis
 	English definition: The formation and development of an embryo from an egg. (Source: MGH)
 
 emissie door vliegtuigmotoren
 	English: aircraft engine emission
 	English definition: The formation and discharge of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the environment, especially the stratosphere, chiefly from airplanes, helicopters and other high-altitude aircrafts. (Source: MHE)
 
 emissiebeheer
 	English: emission control
 	English definition: Procedures aiming at reducing or preventing the harm caused by atmospheric emissions. (Source: RRDA)
 
 emissiebron
 	English: emission source
 	English definition: A chemical process, building, furnace, plant or other entity responsible for the discharge of pollutants or contaminants into the environment. (Source: DES / DEP)
 
 emissiefactor
 	English: emission factor
 	English definition: The relationship between the amount of pollutants produced to the amount of raw materials processed, or fuel consumed, in any polluting process. (Source: TOE)
 
 emissiegegevens
 	English: emission data
 	English definition: Data concerning pollutants released into the environment from a permanent or mobile installation or from products. (Source: AZENP)
 
 emissienorm
 	English: emission standard
 	English definition: The maximum amount of discharge legally allowed from a single source, mobile or stationary. (Source: LANDY)
 
 emissiereductie
 	English: emission reduction
 	English definition: The act or process of limiting or restricting the discharge of pollutants or contaminants, such as by setting emission limits or by modifying the emission source. (Source: EEN)
 
 emissieregister
 	English: emission register
 	English definition: A listing, by source, of the amounts of air pollutants discharged in the atmosphere of a community daily. (Source: LANDY)
 
 emissies
 	English: emission
 	English definition: A discharge of particulate gaseous, or soluble waste material/pollution into the air from a polluting source. (Source: UNUN)
 
 emissietoestand
 	English: emission situation
 
 emissievoorspelling
 	English: emission forecast
 	English definition: The final step in a clean air plan is to predict future air quality to demonstrate that we can (if we can) meet the health standards by implementing the measures proposed in the plan. This is done by first projecting the emission inventory into the future, taking into account changes in population, housing, employment in specific business sectors, and vehicle miles traveled. These data are obtained from various sources and the resulting emissions are adjusted to account for regulations and control measures scheduled for implementation during the same time period. Additional adjustments are made to reflect large facilities that are expected to start up, modify, or shut down. The resulting inventory is an emission forecast, and is usually expressed in tons per day of particular pollutants for a given year. Additional steps may be required to determine how the forecasted quantities of air pollution will affect the overall air quality. One way to accomplish this is through computer modeling. A computer model simulates how pollutants disperse, react, and move in the air. The inputs to such a computer model are complex. They include weather patterns, terrain, and the chemical nature of air pollutants. (Source: APCD)
 
 emulgatie
 	English: emulsification
 	English definition: The process of dispersing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid. (Source: MGH)
 
 emulsie
 	English: emulsion
 	English definition: A stable dispersion of one liquid in a second immiscible liquid, such as milk (oil dispersed in water). (Source: MGH)
 
 encyclopedie
 	English: encyclopaedia
 	English definition: A comprehensive, often multivolume, reference work containing articles on a wide rage of subjects or on various aspects of a particular field, usually, alphabetically arranged. (Source: AMHER)
 
 endemische soorten
 	English: endemic species
 	English definition: Species native to, and restricted to, a particular geographical region. (Source: LBC)
 
 endocrien systeem
 	English: endocrine system
 	English definition: The chemical coordinating system in animals, that is, the endocrine glands that produce hormones. (Source: MGH)
 
 end-of-pipe technologie
 	English: end-of-pipe technology
 	English definition: An approach to pollution control which concentrates upon effluent treatment or filtration prior to discharge into the environment, as opposed to making changes in the process giving rise to the wastes. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 energie
 	English: energy
 	English definition: The capacity to do work; involving thermal energy (heat), radiant energy (light), kinetic energy (motion) or chemical energy; measured in joules. (Source: LBC)
 
 energie
 	English: energy
 
 energie
 	English: energy
 
 energiebalans
 	English: energy balance
 	English definition: The energetic state of a system at any given time. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 energiebedrijf
 	English: power company
 	English definition: Company which is responsible for the supply and distribution of electric energy to a given area. (Source: RRDA)
 
 energiebeheer
 	English: energy management
 	English definition: The administration or handling of power derived from sources such as fossil fuel, electricity and solar radiation. (Source: RHW / FFD)
 
 energiebehoefte
 	English: energy demand
 
 energiebehoud
 	English: energy conservation
 	English definition: The strategy for reducing energy requirements per unit of industrial output or individual well-being without affecting the progress of socio-economic development or causing disruption in life style. In temperate developed countries most energy is used in heating and lighting industrial and domestic buildings. Industrial processes, transport and agriculture are the other main users. During the 1970s it was demonstrated that substantial savings could be achieved through appropriate building technologies and the use of energy-efficient equipment for heating, air-conditioning and lighting. Most goods could and should be both manufactured and made to work more efficiently. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 energiebeleid
 	English: energy policy
 	English definition: A statement of a country's intentions in the energy sector. (Source: BRACK)
 
 energiebesparing
 	English: energy saving
 	English definition: Avoiding wasting energy. (Source: PHC)
 
 energiebron
 	English: energy source
 	English definition: Potential supplies of energy including fossil and nuclear fuels as well as solar, water, wind, tidal and geothermal power. (Source: PHC)
 
 energiebronmateriaal
 	English: energy source material
 	English definition: Sources from which energy can be obtained to provide heat, light, and power. Energy resources, including fossil and nuclear fuels as well as solar, water, tidal and geothermal energy, may be captured or recovered and converted into other energy forms for a variety of household, commercial, transportation, and industrial applications. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 energiebronnen
 	English: energy resource
 	English definition: Potential supplies of energy which have not yet been used (such as coal lying in the ground, solar heat, wind power, geothermal power, etc.). (Source: PHC)
 
 energiegebruik
 	English: energy utilisation
 
 energiegebruikspatroon
 	English: energy utilisation pattern
 
 energie-herwinning
 	English: energy recovery
 	English definition: A form of resource recovery in which the organic fraction of waste is converted to some form of usable energy. Recovery may be achieved through the combustion of processed or raw refuse to produce steam through the pyrolysis of refuse to produce oil or gas; and through the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes to produce methane gas. (Source: LANDY)
 
 energie-industrie
 	English: energy industry
 	English definition: Industry which converts various types of fuels as well as solar, water, tidal, and geothermal energy into other energy forms for a variety of household, commercial, transportation, and industrial application. (Source: PZ)
 
 energiemarkt
 	English: energy market
 	English definition: The trade or traffic of energy sources treated as a commodity (such as fossil fuel, electricity, or solar radiation). (Source: RHW)
 
 energieomzetting
 	English: energy conversion
 	English definition: The process of changing energy from one form to another. (Source: MGH)
 
 energie-opslag
 	English: energy storage
 	English definition: Amount of energy reserves; often refers to the stocks of non-renewable fuel, such as oil, which a nation, for example, possesses. (Source: PHC)
 
 energie-opwekking
 	English: energy production
 	English definition: Generation of energy in a coal fired power station, in an oil fired power station, in a nuclear power station, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 energieprocessen
 	English: energy process
 	English definition: Any natural phenomenon or series of actions by which energy is converted or made more usable. (Source: MES)
 
 energierendement
 	English: energy efficiency
 	English definition: Refers to actions to save fuels by better building design, the modification of production processes, better selection of road vehicles and transport policies, the adoption of district heating schemes in conjunction with electrical power generation, and the use of domestic insulation and double glazing in homes. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 energietechnologie
 	English: energy technology
 
 energieverbruik
 	English: energy consumption
 	English definition: Amount of energy consumed by a person or an apparatus shown as a unit. (Source: PHC)
 
 energieverpilling
 	English: energy dissipation
 	English definition: Any loss of energy, generally by conversion into heat. (Source: MGH)
 
 energievoorziening
 	English: energy supply
 	English definition: The provision and storage of energy (the capacity to do work or produce a change), or the amount of energy stored, for the use of a municipality, or other energy user. (Source: ISEP /  FFD)
 
 energiewetgeving
 	English: energy legislation
 
 Engelse tuin
 	English: English garden
 	English definition: A plot of ground consisting of an orderly and balanced arrangement of masses of flowers, shrubs and trees, following British traditions or style. (Source: CBO)
 
 enquete
 	English: survey
 	English definition: A critical examination of facts or conditions to provide information on a situation. Usually conducted by interviews and/or on-site visitations. (Source: LANDY)
 
 enterovirus
 	English: enterovirus
 	English definition: Any of a subgroup of the picornaviruses infecting the gastrointestinal tract and discharged in feces, including coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and polioviruses; may be involved in respiratory disease, meningitis, and neurological disease. (Source: KOREN)
 
 enzym
 	English: enzyme
 	English definition: Any of a group of catalytic proteins that are produced by living cells and that mediate and promote the chemical processes of life without themselves being altered or destroyed. (Source: MGH)
 
 epidemieen
 	English: epidemic
 	English definition: A sudden increase in the incidence rate of a disease to a value above normal, affecting large numbers of people and spread over a wide area. (Source: MGH)
 
 epidemiologie
 	English: epidemiology
 	English definition: 1) The study of the mass aspects of disease.2) The study of the occurrence and distribution of disease and injury specified by person, place, and time. (Source: MGH /  KOREN)
 
 equatoriaal klimaat
 	English: equatorial climate
 	English definition: Climate characterized by constant temperatures, abundant rainfall and a very short dry season. (Source: RAMADE)
 
 equivalente dosis
 	English: equivalent dose
 	English definition: A quantity used in radiation protection, expressing all radiation on a common scale for calculating the effective absorbed dose. The unit of dose equivalent is the rem. which is numerically equal to the absorbed dose in rads multiplied by certain modifying factors such as the quality factor, the distribution factor, etc. (Source: KOREN)
 
 erfdienstbaarheid
 	English: easement
 	English definition: The rights of use over the property of another; a burden on a piece of land causing the owner to suffer access by another. (Source: DUHA)
 
 erfgoed aan planten
 	English: plant heritage
 	English definition: The sum of the earth's or a particular region's herb, vegetable, shrub and tree life viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially plant species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction. (Source: PPP / OED)
 
 ergonomie
 	English: ergonomics
 	English definition: The study of human capability and psychology in relation to the working environment and the equipment operated by the worker. (Source: MGH)
 
 erosie
 	English: erosion
 	English definition: The general process or the group of processes whereby the materials of Earth's crust are loosened , dissolved, or worn away and simultaneously moved from one place to another, by natural agencies, which include weathering, solution, corrosion, and transportation, but usually exclude mass wasting. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 erosiebeheersing
 	English: erosion control
 	English definition: Practices used during construction or other land disturbing activities to reduce or prevent soil erosion. Typical practices include planting of trees and quick growing grass on disturbed areas and other means to slow the movement of water across a disturbed site and trap the soil that does get transported by runoff. (Source: YORK)
 
 erts
 	English: ore
 	English definition: A mineral or mineral aggregate, more or less mixed with gangue, that can be worked and treated at a profit. (Source: ALL)
 
 esthetica
 	English: aesthetics
 	English definition: Considerations, values, and judgements pertaining to the quality of the human perceptual experience (including sight, sound, smell, touch, taste, and movement) evoked by phenomena or components of the environment. (Source: UNUN)
 
 estuarium
 	English: estuary
 	English definition: Area at the mouth of a river where it broadens into the sea, and where fresh and sea water intermingle to produce brackish water. The estuarine environment is very rich in wildlife, particularly aquatic, but it is very vulnerable to damage as a result of the actions of humans. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 estuariumvervuiling
 	English: estuary pollution
 	English definition: Contamination of the generally broad portion of a stream near its outlet which is influenced by the tide of the water body into which it flows. Many estuaries have become badly contaminated by wastes that have been generated from heavily populated areas.
 
 ethanol
 	English: ethanol
 	English definition: A colorless liquid, miscible with water, used as a reagent and solvent. Also known as alcohol; ethyl alcohol; grain alcohol. (Source: MGH)
 
 ether
 	English: ether
 	English definition: A colorless liquid, slightly soluble in water; used as a reagent, intermediate, anesthetic, and solvent. (Source: MGH)
 
 ethiek
 	English: ethics
 	English definition: The philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it. (Source: AMHER)
 
 ethologie
 	English: ethology
 	English definition: The study of animal behaviour in a natural context. (Source: MGH)
 
 etikettering
 	English: labelling
 	English definition: Attaching a notice to a product or container bearing information concerning its contents, proper use, manufacturer and any cautions or hazards of use. (Source: KOREN)
 
 etiketteringsplicht
 	English: obligation to label
 	English definition: The legal responsibility or duty compelling manufacturers to affix certain marks or other written identification to their products, as is directed by laws, regulations or government standards. (Source: BLD / FPL)
 
 etsen
 	English: etching
 	English definition: The incision of lines on a plate of metal, glass, or other material by covering it with an acid-resistant coating, scratching through the coating, and then permitting an acid bath to erode exposed parts of the plate. (Source: MGH)
 
 etsende stoffen
 	English: etching substance
 	English definition: Substance capable of wearing away the surface of a metal, glass, etc. by chemical action. (Source: CEDa)
 
 Euratom
 	English: Euratom
 	English definition: A precursor to the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community was founded in 1958 by the European Common Market to conduct research, develop nuclear energy, create a common market for nuclear fuels and supervise the nuclear industry so as to prevent abuse and protect health. (Source: ERD)
 
 Europa
 	English: Europe
 	English definition: The second smallest continent, forming the W extension of Eurasia: the border with Asia runs from the Urals to the Caspian and the Black Sea. The coastline is generally extremely indented and there are several peninsulas (notably Scandinavia, Italy and Iberia) and offshore islands (including the British Isles and Iceland). It contains a series of great mountain systems in the south (Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, Caucasus), a large central plain, and a N region of lakes and mountains in Scandinavia. (Source: CED)
 
 Europees Eenheidsverdrag
 	English: single European act
 	English definition: A 1987 amendment to the founding treaties dealing primarily with the internal market,European Political Cooperation (EPC), and institutional reform of the EC. The measures covered by the legislation include: the elimination of frontiers controls, the acceptance throughout the market of professional qualification, the acceptance of natural standards for product harmonization, open tendering for public supply contracts, the free movement of capital between states, etc. (Source: INFOAB /  DICLAW)
 
 Europees Hof van Justitie
 	English: European Court of Justice
 	English definition: The supreme court of The European Union which oversees the application of theEU treaties, decides upon the validity and the meaning of Community legislation and determines whether any act or omission by the European Commission, the Council of Minister or any member state constitutes a breach of Community law. (Source: EUEN /  DICLAW)
 
 Europees Hof van Justitie
 	English: Court of Justice of the European Communities
 	English definition: Institution set up under Treaty of Rome to ensure that in interpretation and application of the Treaty the law is observed. It consists of judges from each member state, appointed for 6-year periods, assisted by three Advocates General. It sits in Luxembourg, expressing itself in judgements when called upon to do so in proceedings initiated by member states, institutions of the EC and natural or legal persons. Procedures are generally inquisitorial. (Source: CURZON)
 
 Europees Milieuagentschap
 	English: European Environment Agency
 	English definition: The EEA is being set up to provide the European Community and its member states with objective, reliable and standardized information on the environment. It will assess the success of existing environmental policies and the data will be used to develop new policies for environmental protection measures. It will gather information covering the present, and foreseeable, state of the environment. The priority area are: air quality and emissions; water quality, pollutants and resources; soil quality, flora and fauna, and biotopes; land use and natural resources; waste management; noise pollution; chemicals; and protection of coastal areas. The Agency will also take into account the socio-economics dimension, cover transboundary and international matters, and avoid the duplication of the activities of other bodies. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 Europees Monetair Stelsel
 	English: European Monetary System
 	English definition: An organization established in Europe in 1979 to coordinate financial policy and exchange rates for the continent by running the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) and assisting movement toward a common European currency and a central European bank. (Source: ODE)
 
 EuroPees natuurreservaat
 	English: European nature reserve
 
 Europees Parlement
 	English: European Parliament
 	English definition: Formerly the 'Assembly' of EEC. Comprises some 520 'representatives of the peoples' of European Community states, directly elected, and based in Strasbourg. Exercises advisory and supervisory powers; debates and passes resolutions and may veto admission of new member states. (Source: CURZON)
 
 Europese binnenmarkt
 	English: internal European market
 
 Europese Commissie
 	English: European Commission
 	English definition: The European Union's administrative body, composed of twenty independent members appointed by the Member States for five-year terms and vested with powers of initiative, implementation, management and control according to the mandates established in EU Treaties or handed down by the EU Council. (Source: EUR)
 
 Europese Gemeenschappen
 	English: European Communities
 	English definition: The collective body that resulted in 1967 from the merger of the administrative networks of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and the European Economic Community (EEC). The singular term has also been widely used. (Source: ABDN)
 
 Europese Herstelprogramma
 	English: European Recovery Programme
 
 Europese Milieuraad
 	English: European Environmental Council
 
 Europese Monetair Fonds
 	English: European Monetary Fund
 	English definition: Fund organized by the European Monetary System in which members of the European Community deposit reserves to provide a pool of resources to stabilize exchange rates and to finance balance of payments in support of the pending full European Monetary Union.
 
 Europese norm
 	English: European standard
 	English definition: A standard which has been approved pursuant to the statutes of the standards bodies with which the Community has concluded agreements. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 Europese Unie
 	English: European Union
 	English definition: The 15 nations (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the UK, Austria, Finland and Sweden) that have joined together to form an economic community with common monetary, political and social aspirations. The EU came into being on 1 November 1993 according to the terms of the Maastricht Treaty; it comprises the three European Communities, extended by the adoption of a common foreign and security policy which requires cooperation between member states in foreign policy and security and cooperation in justice and home affairs. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 eutrofiering
 	English: eutrophication
 	English definition: A process of pollution that occurs when a lake or stream becomes over-rich in plant nutrient; as a consequence it becomes overgrown in algae and other aquatic plants. The plants die and decompose. In decomposing the plants rob the water of oxygen and the lake, river or stream becomes lifeless. Nitrate fertilizers which drain from the fields, nutrients from animal wastes and human sewage are the primary causes of eutrophication. They have high biological oxygen demand (BOD). (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 evaluatie
 	English: evaluation
 
 evaluatie van technologie
 	English: evaluation of technology
 
 evaluatiecriterium
 	English: evaluation criterion
 	English definition: A standard, norm, value or measurement by which the quantity or quality of a process, object or person's work performance is ascertained through an analysis and judgment of the relevant information in context and in view of established goals, objectives and standards. (Source: DAM)
 
 evaluatiemethode
 	English: evaluation method
 
 evolutie
 	English: evolution
 	English definition: The biological theory or process whereby species of plants and animals change with the passage of time so that their descendants differ from their ancestors, i.e. development from earlier forms by hereditary transmission of slight variations in successive generations. (Source: UNUN)
 
 exacte wetenschap(pen)
 	English: exact science
 	English definition: Mathematics and other sciences based on calculation. (Source: CED)
 
 executie (hypotheek)
 	English: foreclosure
 	English definition: To shut out, to bar, to destroy an equity of redemption. A termination of all rights of the mortgagor or his grantee in the property covered by the mortgage. The process by which a mortgagor of real or personal property, or other owner of property subject to a lien, is deprived of his interest therein. Procedure by which mortgaged property is sold on default of mortgagor in satisfaction of mortgage debt. In common usage, refers to enforcement of lien, trust deed, or mortgage in any method provided by law. (Source: WESTS)
 
 expediteur
 	English: forwarding agent
 	English definition: A person or business that specializes in the shipment and receiving of goods. (Source: OED)
 
 experiment
 	English: experiment
 	English definition: A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried. (Source: MGH)
 
 experimentele studie
 	English: experimental study
 	English definition: Study based on experimentation. (Source: CED)
 
 expertensysteem
 	English: expert system
 	English definition: A computer configuration of hardware and software that simulates the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization with extensive knowledge in a particular field, often by giving answers, solutions or diagnoses. (Source: RHW / WIC)
 
 exploitatie van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen
 	English: resource exploitation
 
 exploitatie van de oceaan
 	English: ocean exploitation
 	English definition: The utilization of the ocean for its food resources, mineral resources, and energy and water sources. (Source: PARCORa)
 
 exploitatie van de zeebodem
 	English: sea bed exploitation
 	English definition: Marine mineral resources extend far beyond those presently exploited; minerals are derived from two separate types of marine sources: from sedimentary deposits underlying the continental shelves and from inshore deposits on the surface of the continental shelves. By far the most valuable of the mineral resources exploited from marine environments is petroleum. Offshore placer deposits on the surface of the continental shelves yield gold, platinum, and tin. On the floors of the world's oceans manganese nodules are found as a result of pelagic sedimentation or precipitation; they are small, irregular, black to brown, friable, laminated concretionary masses consisting primarily of manganese salts and manganese-oxide minerals. (Source: PARCOR /  BJGEO)
 
 extensieve veehouderij
 	English: extensive cattle farming
 	English definition: Farming system practiced in very large farms, characterized by low levels of inputs per unit area of land; in such situations the stocking rate, the number of livestock units per area , is low. (Source: GOODa)
 
 extractieve bedrijfstakken
 	English: extractive industry
 	English definition: Primary activities involved in the extraction of non-renewable resources. (Source: GOOD)
 
 fabriek
 	English: industrial plant (building)
 	English definition: Buildings where the operations related to industrial productive processes are carried out. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 fabrieksuitrusting
 	English: plant equipment
 	English definition: The equipment, including machinery, tools, instruments, and fixtures necessary for an industrial or manufacturing operation. (Source: AMHER)
 
 fabriekswezen
 	English: manufacturing trade
 	English definition: The process or act of exchanging, buying or selling any manufactured product, or the raw materials for any manufacturing process. (Source: RHW /  ISEP)
 
 faecesbacterieen
 	English: faecal bacterium
 	English definition: Bacteria contained in human and animal faeces. (Source: RRDA)
 
 familie
 	English: family
 	English definition: A group comprising parents, offsprings and others closely related or associated with them. (Source: LBC)
 
 familierecht
 	English: family law
 	English definition: Branch of specialty of law, also denominated 'domestic relations' law, concerned with such subjects as adoption, annulment, divorce, separation, paternity, custody, support and child care. (Source: BLACK)
 
 farmaceutische industrie
 	English: pharmaceutical industry
 	English definition: Concerted activity concerned with manufacturing pharmaceutical goods. (Source: MGH)
 
 farmacokinetica
 	English: pharmacokinetics
 	English definition: The study of the rates of absorption, tissue distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. (Source: LEE)
 
 farmacologie
 	English: pharmacology
 	English definition: The science dealing with the nature and properties of drugs, particularly their actions. (Source: MGH)
 
 fauna
 	English: fauna
 	English definition: The entire animal life of a given region, habitat or geological stratum. (Source: LBC)
 
 faunavervalsing
 	English: bastardisation of fauna
 	English definition: One of the possible consequences of the introduction of animal species in an area where they are not indigenous. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. (Source: RRDA /  WPRa)
 
 federaal recht (D)
 	English: federal law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules established by a government that has been constituted as a union of independent political units or states. (Source: BLD)
 
 Federal Immission Control Act
 	English: Federal Immission Control Act
 	English definition: The 1974 act, which protects against environmentally harmful effects of air pollution, noise, vibration and similar occurrences, was redrafted on 14/5/90, and amended last on 23/11/95. It forms the basis of nation-wide, comprehensive law on air quality, noise abatement and plant safety. The act contains, among other things, regulations for the construction and running of environmentally hazardous facilities, requirements for substances, the composition and running of motor vehicles, protection of particular areas and the appointment of company representatives for immissions and faults. (Source: UBADE)
 
 federale overheid
 	English: federal authority
 	English definition: The power of a central government agency or its administrators to carry out the terms of the law creating the agency as well as to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies. (Source: BLD)
 
 federale regering
 	English: federal government
 	English definition: A system in which a country or nation formed by a union or confederation of independent states is governed by a central authority or organization. (Source: BLD)
 
 fenol
 	English: phenol
 	English definition: A white crystalline soluble poisonous acidic derivative of benzene, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant and in the manufacture of resins, nylon, dyes, explosives and pharmaceuticals. (Source: CED)
 
 feromoon
 	English: pheromone
 	English definition: Any substance secreted by an animal which influences the behaviour of other individuals of the same species. (Source: MGH)
 
 fiets
 	English: bicycle
 	English definition: A vehicle with two wheels in tandem, pedals connected to the rear wheel by a chain, handlebars for steering, and a saddlelike seat.
 
 fietspad
 	English: cycle path
 	English definition: Part of the road or a special path for the use of people riding bicycles. (Source: CAMB)
 
 fijne stof
 	English: fine dust
 	English definition: Air-borne solid particles, originating from human activity and natural sources, such as wind-blown soil and fires, that eventually settle through the force of gravity, and can cause injury to human and other animal respiratory systems through excessive inhalation. (Source: ALL)
 
 fijnmechanica
 	English: precision engineering
 	English definition: Research and development, design, manufacture and measurement of high accuracy components and systems. It is related to mechanical, electronic, optical and production engineering, physics, chemistry, and computer and materials science. (Source: ASPE)
 
 film
 	English: film
 	English definition: A motion picture; a thin flexible strip of cellulose coated with a photographic emission, used to make negatives and transparencies. (Source: CED)
 
 filosofie
 	English: philosophy
 	English definition: The academic discipline concerned with making explicit the nature and significance of ordinary and scientific beliefs and investigating the intelligibility of concepts by means of rational argument concerning their presuppositions, implications, and interrelationships; in particular, the rational investigation of the nature and structure of reality (metaphysics), the resources and limits of knowledge (epistemology), the principles and import of moral judgment (ethics), and the relationship between language and reality (semantics). (Source: CED)
 
 filter
 	English: filter
 	English definition: A porous material for separating suspended particulate matter from liquids by passing the liquid through the pores in the filter and sieving out the solids. (Source: MGH)
 
 filteren van een beeld
 	English: image filtering
 	English definition: A remote sensing term related to image enhancement that refers to the removal of a spatial component of electromagnetic radiation. (Source: WHITa)
 
 filterkoek
 	English: filter cake
 	English definition: Accumulated solids, wet or dry, generated by any filtration process, including accumulation on fabric filters in air filtering processes, or accumulation of wet solids in liquid filtering processes. (Source: EED /  ISEP)
 
 filtratie
 	English: filtration
 	English definition: Separation of suspended particles from a liquid, gas, etc., by the action of a filter. (Source: CED)
 
 financieel beheer
 	English: financial management
 	English definition: The management of acquisitions and the use of long- and short-term capital by a business.
 
 financieel fonds
 	English: financial fund
 	English definition: Monetary resources set aside for some purpose. (Source: RHW)
 
 financieel instrumenten
 	English: financial instrument
 	English definition: A generic term that refers to the many different forms of financing a business may use. For example - loans, shares, and bonds are all considered financing instruments. (Source: PGE)
 
 financiele bijdrage
 	English: financial contribution
 	English definition: Something given, including any form of income or price support; individual investor's monetary offering or contribution to common fund or stock; government agency's or lending aid agency's subsidy, grant, or other contribution to help bolster an economy. (Source: OED)
 
 financiele hulp
 	English: financial aid
 	English definition: The transfer of funds from developed to underdeveloped countries. (Source: GOODa)
 
 financiele markt
 	English: financial market
 	English definition: A place or institution in which buyers and sellers meet and trade monetary assets, including stocks, bonds, securities and money. (Source: RHW)
 
 financiele ondersteuning
 	English: financial assistance
 	English definition: Help and support provided on matters concerning money. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 financiele vergoeding
 	English: financial compensation
 	English definition: The financial reparations that a claimant seeks or a court awards for injuries sustained or property harmed by another. (Source: IVW)
 
 financiele wet
 	English: financial law
 
 financien
 	English: finances
 	English definition: The monetary resources or revenue of a government, company, organization or individual. (Source: RHW)
 
 financiering
 	English: financing
 	English definition: Procurement of monetary resources or credit to operate a business or acquire assets. (Source: WESTS)
 
 fixatie
 	English: rainout
 	English definition: Process by which particles in the atmosphere act as centres round which water can form drops which then falls as rain. (Source: PHC)
 
 flatgebouw
 	English: apartment block
 	English definition: An apartment building in which each apartment is individually wholly owned and the common areas are jointly owned. (Source: CED)
 
 flessedop
 	English: bottle cap
 
 flora (gezamenlijke vegetatie)
 	English: flora (biology)
 	English definition: The plant life characterizing a specific geographic region or environment. (Source: MGH)
 
 floraherstel
 	English: flora restoration
 	English definition: The process of returning plant ecosystems and habitats to their original conditions. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 floravervalsing
 	English: bastardisation of flora
 	English definition: One of the possible consequences of the introduction of plant species in an area where they are not indigenous. (Source: RRDA)
 
 flotatie
 	English: flotation
 	English definition: A process used to separate particulate solids by causing one group of particles to float; utilizes differences in surface chemical properties of the particles, some of which are entirely wetted by water, others are not. (Source: MGH)
 
 fluidica
 	English: fluidics
 	English definition: A control technology that employs fluid dynamic phenomena to perform sensing, control, information, processing, and actuation functions without the use of moving mechanical parts. (Source: MGH)
 
 fluor
 	English: fluorine
 	English definition: A gaseous or liquid chemical element; a member of the halide family, it is the most electronegative element and the most chemically energetic of the nonmetallic elements; highly toxic, corrosive, and flammable; used in rocket fuels and as a chemical intermediate. (Source: MGH)
 
 fluoridering
 	English: fluoridation
 	English definition: The addition of the fluorine ion to municipal water supplies in a final concentration of 0.8-1.6 ppm (parts per million) to help prevent dental caries in children. (Source: MGH)
 
 fokken
 	English: breeding
 	English definition: The application of genetic principles to the improvement of farm animals and cultivated plants. (Source: MGH)
 
 foktechniek
 	English: breeding technique
 	English definition: Term referring to the systems employed in animal rearing (extensive and intensive). (Source: RRDA)
 
 folklore
 	English: folklore
 	English definition: The traditional and common beliefs, practices and customs of a people, which are passed on as a shared way of life, often through oral traditions such as folktales, legends, anecdotes, proverbs, jokes and other forms of communication. (Source: VFP)
 
 fontein
 	English: fountain
 	English definition: A stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative effect or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows. (Source: CAMB)
 
 fosfaat
 	English: phosphate
 	English definition: 1) Generic term for any compound containing a phosphate group.2) Any salt or ester of any phosphoric acid, especially a salt of orthophosphoric acid. (Source: MGH /  CED)
 
 fosfaatvervanging
 	English: substitution of phosphate
 	English definition: Replacement of phosphate in detergents by environmentally safer substances, such as zeolite. The substitute will not act as a nutrient, and so will not cause eutrophication as a result of the accelerated growth of plants and microorganisms if it is released into waterways. (Source: WRIGHTa)
 
 fosfaatvervangingsmiddel
 	English: phosphate substitute
 	English definition: All substances that are able to substitute phosphate compounds in detergents; they must have the same chemical and physical properties and must be less polluting for the environment. (Source: RRDA)
 
 fosfaatverwijdering
 	English: phosphate removal
 	English definition: Replacement of phosphate in detergents by environmentally safer substances, such as zeolite. The substitute will not act as a nutrient, and so will not cause eutrophication as a result of the accelerated growth of plants and microorganisms if it is released into waterways. (Source: WRIGHTa)
 
 fosfor
 	English: phosphorus
 	English definition: A nonmetallic element used to manufacture phosphoric acid, in phosphor bronzes, incendiaries, pyrotechnics, matches, and rat poisons; the white or yellow allotrope is a soft waxy solid, soluble in carbon disulfide, insoluble in water and alcohol, and is poisonous and self-igniting in air; the red allotrope is an amorphous powder, insoluble in all solvents and is nonpoisonous; the black allotrope comprises lustrous crystals similar to graphite, and is insoluble in most solvents. (Source: MGH)
 
 fosforzuurhoudende meststof
 	English: phosphatic fertiliser
 	English definition: Fertilizer compound or mixture containing available (soluble) phosphate; examples are phosphate rock (phosphorite), superphosphates or triple superphosphates, nitrophosphate, potassium phosphate, or N-P-K mixtures. (Source: MGH)
 
 fossiel
 	English: fossil
 	English definition: Any remains, trace, or imprint of a plant or animal that has been preserved in the Earth's crust since some past geologic or prehistoric time. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 fossiele brandstof
 	English: fossil fuel
 	English definition: The energy-containing materials which were converted over many thousands of years from their original form of trees, plants and other organisms after being buried in the ground. Physical and chemical processes occurred in the Earth's crust that changed them into coal, peat, oil or natural gas. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 fossiele bron
 	English: plane source
 	English definition: Pollution which arises from various activities with no discrete source. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 foto
 	English: photograph
 	English definition: An image captured by a camera or some other device and reproduced as a picture, usually on a sensitized surface and formed by the chemical action of light or of radiant energy. (Source: MHD / RHW)
 
 fotochemisch effect
 	English: photochemical effect
 	English definition: The result or consequence of a chemical reaction caused by light or ultraviolet radiation. (Source: MHD)
 
 fotochemisch middel
 	English: photochemical agent
 	English definition: Agents which trigger off photochemical reactions. (Source: RRDA)
 
 fotochemische oxidant
 	English: photochemical oxidant
 	English definition: Any of the chemicals which enter into oxidation reactions in the presence of light or other radiant energy. (Source: MGH)
 
 fotochemische product
 	English: photochemical product
 	English definition: Degradation products that are produced by the action of light radiation. (Source: FLGISAa)
 
 fotochemische reactie
 	English: photochemical reaction
 	English definition: Chemical reaction which is initiated by light of a specific wavelength. In an environmental context an example is the potential action of ultraviolet light on CFCs which may bring about the detrimental degradation of the ozone layer. Photochemical reactions initiate the process of photosynthesis in which plants convert carbon dioxide into sugars, which are incorporated into cell materials. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 fotochemische smog
 	English: photochemical smog
 	English definition: A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emissions and is acted upon by the action of the sun. Nitrogen dioxide, in the presence of the sun and some hydrocarbons, is turned into nitric oxide and atomic oxygen. The atomic oxygen reacts with the oxygen molecules and other constituents of automobile exhaust fumes to form a variety of products including ozone. The ozone is harmful in itself and is also implicated in a highly complex series of continuing reactions. As long as there is ozone or nitrogen dioxide and sunlight present, other undesirable reactions will occur.
 
 fotochemische vervuiling
 	English: photochemical pollution
 	English definition: Air pollution containing ozone and other reactive chemical compounds formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, especially those in automobile exhaust.
 
 fotografie
 	English: photography
 	English definition: The process of forming visible images directly or indirectly by the action of light or other forms of radiation on sensitive surfaces. (Source: MGH)
 
 fotogrammetrie
 	English: photogrammetry
 	English definition: The process of making measurements from photographs, used especially in the construction of maps from aerial photographs and also in military intelligence, medical and industrial research, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 fotosynthese
 	English: photosynthesis
 	English definition: The process by which plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and other compounds, using energy from the sun captured by chlorophyll in the plant. Oxygen is a by-product of the process. Photosynthesis is the essence of all plant life (autotrophic production) and hence of all animal life (heterotrophic production) on the planet Earth. The rate of photosynthesis depends on climate, intensity and duration of sunlight, available leaf area, soil nutrient availability, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and soil moisture regimes. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 Franse tuin
 	English: French formal garden
 
 freatisch water
 	English: water table
 	English definition: Water that occupies pores, cavities, cracks and other spaces in the crustal rocks. It includes water precipitated from the atmosphere which has percolated through the soil, water that has risen from deep magmatic sources liberated during igneous activity and fossil water retained in sedimentary rocks since their formation. The presence of groundwater is necessary for virtually all weathering processes to operate. Phreatic water is synonymous with groundwater and is the most important source of any water supply. (Source: WHIT)
 
 freon
 	English: freon
 	English definition: Trade name for a group of polyhalogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine and chlorine; an example is trichlorofluoromethane. (Source: MGH)
 
 fruit
 	English: fruit
 	English definition: A fully matured plant ovary with or without other floral or shoot parts united with it at maturity. (Source: MGH)
 
 fruitteelt
 	English: fruit cultivation
 	English definition: Cultivation of fruit trees for home consumption or on a commercial basis. (Source: CED)
 
 functionele (geschikte) termen
 	English: functional terms
 
 furan
 	English: furan
 	English definition: A colourless flammable toxic liquid heterocyclic compound, used in the synthesis of nylon. (Source: CED)
 
 fysico-chemische analyse
 	English: physicochemical analysis
 	English definition: Analysis based on the physical changes associated with chemical reactions. (Source: UVAROVa)
 
 fysico-chemische behandeling
 	English: physicochemical treatment
 	English definition: Any processing of wastewater, toxic substances or other materials involving a combination of physical and chemical methods, such as physical processes including air-stripping or filtration and chemical processes including coagulation, chlorination or ozonation. (Source: TOE)
 
 fysico-chemische processen
 	English: physicochemical process
 	English definition: Processes involving changes in the physical properties and chemical structure of substances. (Source: CED)
 
 fysico-chemische zuivering
 	English: physicochemical purification
 	English definition: Used to concentrate waste brines and to remove solid organics and ammonia from aqueous solutions. Physical treatment consists of reverse osmosis, dialysis, electrodialysis, evaporation, carbon, adsorption, ammonia stripping, filtration, sedimentation, and flocculation. Chemical treatment consists of ion exchange, neutralization, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and calcination.
 
 fysiologie
 	English: physiology
 	English definition: The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts. (Source: AMHER)
 
 fysisch milieu
 	English: physical environment
 	English definition: The material surroundings of a system, process or organism. (Source: APD)
 
 fysische aspecten, geluid,trillingen, straling
 	English: physical aspects, noise, vibrations, radiations
 
 fysische chemie
 	English: physical chemistry
 	English definition: A science dealing with the effects of physical phenomena on chemical properties. (Source: LEE)
 
 fysische eigenschappen
 	English: physical property
 	English definition: Property of a compound that can change without involving a change in chemical composition. (Source: MGH)
 
 fysische geografie
 	English: physical geography
 	English definition: The study of the spatial and temporal characteristics and relationships of all phenomena within the Earth's physical environment. (Source: WHIT)
 
 fysische meting van milieuvervuiling
 	English: physical measurement of pollution
 	English definition: The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment using mechanical means, including optical, electrical, acoustical and thermodynamic techniques. (Source: APD / RHW)
 
 fysische oceanografie
 	English: physical oceanography
 	English definition: The study of the physical aspects of the ocean, the movements of the sea, and the variability of these factors in relationship to the atmosphere and the ocean bottom. (Source: MGH)
 
 fysische processen
 	English: physical process
 	English definition: A continuous action or series of changes which alters the material form of matter. (Source: RHW)
 
 fysische verontreiniging
 	English: physical pollution
 	English definition: The introduction or presence of harmful substances or forces in the environment that cause damage to the environment and its processes due to their material actions, as through vibration, thermal alteration or electromagnetic radiation. (Source: TOE / APD / LES)
 
 fysische vervuiler
 	English: physical pollutant
 	English definition: A pollutant characterized by its influence on environmental conditions caused by forces and operations of physics, such as noise, microwave radiation, vibration, etc. (Source: Landy)
 
 fytomassa
 	English: phytomass
 	English definition: Plant biomass; any quantitative estimate of the total mass of plants in a stand, population, or within a given area, at a given time. (Source: LBC)
 
 fytoplankton
 	English: phytoplankton
 	English definition: Planktonic plant life. (Source: MGH)
 
 fytosanitaire behandeling
 	English: phytosanitary treatment
 	English definition: Removal of heavy metals from water by the employment of plants or treatment by which plant organisms act to degrade hazardous organic contaminants or transform hazardous inorganic contaminants to environmentally safe levels in soils, subsurface materials, water, sludges, and residues. (Source: ENVAR /  LBL)
 
 fytotoxiciteit
 	English: phytotoxicity
 
 galvanisatie
 	English: galvanisation
 	English definition: The act of coating iron or steel with zinc, either by immersion in a bath of molten zinc or by deposition from a solution of zinc sulphate, to give protection against corrosion. (Source: ALL)
 
 gammastraling
 	English: gamma radiation
 	English definition: Radiation of gamma rays. (Source: MGH)
 
 gang; brede doorgang; doorgang
 	English: corridor
 	English definition: A physical linkage, connecting two areas of habitat and differing from the habitat on either side. Corridors are used by organisms to move around without having to leave the preferred habitat. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 garrigue
 	English: garrigue
 	English definition: Mediterranean bush consisting of low evergreen shrubs and abundant herbaceous plants. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 gas
 	English: gas
 	English definition: A substance that continues to occupy in a continuous manner the whole of the space in which it is placed, however large or small this place is mad, the temperature remaining constant. (Source: PITT)
 
 gasbedrijf
 	English: gas company
 	English definition: Company charged with the production and distribution of gas for domestic use. (Source: RRDA)
 
 gascentrale
 	English: gas powered plant
 	English definition: Power station which burns gas, as opposed to a coal-fired station or nuclear power station. (Source: GILP96)
 
 gaschromatografie
 	English: gas chromatography
 	English definition: A separation technique involving passage of a gaseous moving phase through a column containing a fixed phase; it is used principally as a quantitative analytical technique for volatile compounds. (Source: MGH)
 
 gasfabriek
 	English: gaswork
 	English definition: Place where gas, especially coal gas, is made. (Source: PHC)
 
 gasmengsel
 	English: gas mixture
 
 gasmotor
 	English: gas engine
 	English definition: An internal combustion engine that uses gaseous fuel. (Source: MGH)
 
 gasnetwerk
 	English: gas network
 	English definition: Interconnected system of pipes for the distribution and supply of gas. (Source: PHC)
 
 gaspijpleiding
 	English: gas pipeline
 	English definition: A long pipe, especially underground, used to transport gas over long distances. (Source: CED)
 
 gasreservoir
 	English: gas reservoir
 	English definition: Large tank for storing coal gas or natural gas. (Source: PHC)
 
 gastarbeid
 	English: migrant labour
 	English definition: Temporary employment performed by persons who move from place to place, such as agricultural workers following crop seasons. (Source: RHW)
 
 gasvoorziening
 	English: gas supply
 	English definition: The provision and storage of any fuel gas, or the amount of any fuel gas stored, for the use of a municipality, or other fuel gas user. (Source: ISEP)
 
 gasvorm
 	English: gaseous state
 	English definition: State of matter in which the matter concerned occupies the whole of its container irrespective of its quantity. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 gasvormige luchtverontreiniger
 	English: gaseous air pollutant
 	English definition: Uncondensed or volatile gases, usually comprised of chemical compounds, discharged to the atmosphere. (Source: DEE)
 
 gaszuivering
 	English: gas purification
 	English definition: Removal of pollutants or contaminants from waste incineration or other combustion processes. (Source: MGHa)
 
 gebergtebeschrijving
 	English: orography
 	English definition: A rarely used word referring to the study of mountain systems and the depiction of their relief. (Source: WHIT)
 
 gebergte-ecosysteem
 	English: mountain ecosystem
 	English definition: Ecosystems found on high-mountains at low latitudes. Mountain ecosystems are very vulnerable. They are increasingly sensitive to soil erosion, landslide and rapid loss of habitat and genetic diversity. Widespread poverty and an increase in the numbers of mountain inhabitants lead to deforestation, cultivation of marginal lands, excessive livestock grazing, loss of biomass cover and other forms of environmental degradation. Because little is known about mountain ecosystems, Agenda 21 has proposed the establishment of a global mountain database. This is essential for the launch of programmes that would contribute to the sustainable development of mountain ecosystems. The proposals also focus on promoting watershed development and alternative employment for people whose livelihoods are linked to practices that degrade mountains. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 gebied
 	English: distribution area
 	English definition: 1) The overall geographical distribution of a talon. 2) The range occupied by a community or other group. (Source: LBC)
 
 gebied dat voor meerdere doeleinden wordt gebruikt
 	English: mixed use area
 	English definition: Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production. (Source: RRDA)
 
 gebied tussen de hoog- en de laagwaterlijn
 	English: intertidal zone
 	English definition: 1) The area between land and sea which is regularly exposed to the air by the tidal movement of the sea. Marine organisms that inhabit the intertidal zones have to adapt to periods of exposure to air and to the waves created by wind, which makes it the most physically demanding of the marine habitats. 2) The shore zone between the highest and lowest tides. (Source: WRIGHT /  LBC)
 
 gebladerte
 	English: foliage
 	English definition: The green leaves of a plant. (Source: CED)
 
 geboortebeperking
 	English: birth control
 	English definition: Limitation of the number of children born by preventing or reducing the frequency of impregnation. (Source: MGH)
 
 gebouw
 	English: building
 	English definition: Something built with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory. (Source: CED)
 
 gebruik van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen
 	English: resource utilisation
 
 gebruik van afval als materiaal
 	English: use of waste as material
 
 gebruik van afval voor energie-doeleinden
 	English: use of waste as energy source
 
 gebruik van afvalwarmte
 	English: waste heat utilisation
 	English definition: Waste heat applications include space heating and refrigeration in urban areas, thawing of ice-bound seaways, agricultural use to stimulate growth and to extend the growing season and in aquaculture to stimulate the growth of algae, shellfish, and other potential marine food sources. (Source: PZ)
 
 gebruik van het warmtegevend vermogen
 	English: utilisation of calorific value
 	English definition: Calorific value is the heat per unit mass produced by complete combustion of a given substance. Calorific values are used to express the energy values of fuels; usually these are expressed in megajoules per kilogram. They are also used to measure the energy content of foodstuffs; i.e. the energy produced when the food is oxidized in the body. The units here are kilojoules per gram. Calorific values are measured using a bomb calorimeter (apparatus consisting of a strong container in which the sample is sealed with excess oxygen and ignited electrically. The heat of combustion at constant volume can be calculated from the resulting rise in temperature). (Source: DICCHE)
 
 gebruik van insektenbestrijdingsmiddelen
 	English: utilisation of pesticides
 	English definition: Use of chemical or biological substances to deliberately kill unwanted plants or animals. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 gebruik vanplaatselijke grondstoffen
 	English: local resource utilisation
 	English definition: The use of a source of supply from a municipal or regional area, which can be readily drawn upon when needed. (Source: RHW)
 
 gebruikersvoordeel
 	English: user advantage
 
 gebruiksbeperking
 	English: restriction on use
 	English definition: A limitation on the utilization of land or some other property, often inscribed in a deed or lease document. (Source: BLD)
 
 gebruikt water
 	English: used water
 	English definition: Wastewater or utilized water from a home, community, farm or industry, which is often discharged after utilization. (Source: WRT / TOE)
 
 geclassificeerde inrichting
 	English: classified facility
 	English definition: Facility that is forbidden to be disclosed outside a specified ring of secrecy for reasons of national security. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 geclassificeerde plaats
 	English: classified site
 	English definition: Site which is declared protected because of its natural, landscape, artistic or archeological features in order to guarantee its conservation, maintenance and restoration. (Source: SKENEa)
 
 gecombineerd afvalwater
 	English: combined waste water
 	English definition: A mixture of domestic or industrial wastewater and surface runoff. (Source: ISEP /  WWC)
 
 gecombineerd rioolsysteem
 	English: combined sewer system
 	English definition: A sewer intended to serve as a sanitary sewer and a storm sewer, or as an industrial sewer and a storm sewer. (Source: JJK)
 
 gecombineerd vervoer
 	English: combined transport
 	English definition: Transport in which more than one carrier is used, e.g. road, rail and sea. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 gedrag
 	English: behaviour
 	English definition: Any observable action or response of an organism, group or species to environmental factors. (Source: LBC)
 
 gedrag verbruiker
 	English: consumer behaviour
 	English definition: An observable pattern of activity concerned with the purchase of goods and services and susceptible to the influence of marketing and advertising strategies. (Source: CON)
 
 gedraging van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant behaviour
 
 gedragspatroon
 	English: behaviour pattern
 	English definition: A relatively uniform series of overt activities that can be observed with some regularity. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 gedragswetenschappen
 	English: behavioural science
 	English definition: The study of the behaviour of organisms. (Source: ZINZAN /  ALL)
 
 gegevens met geografische componenten
 	English: geo-referenced data
 
 gegevens over de toestand van het milieu
 	English: data on the state of the environment
 
 gegevens per hoofd (van de bevolking)
 	English: per capita data
 
 gegevensanalyse
 	English: data analysis
 	English definition: The evaluation of digital data, i.e. data represented by a sequence of code characters. (Source: MGH)
 
 gegevensbank
 	English: data base
 	English definition: A computerized compilation of data, facts and records that is organized for convenient access, management and updating. (Source: WIC)
 
 gegevensbescherming
 	English: data protection
 	English definition: Policies, procedures or devices designed to maintain the integrity or security of informational elements in storage or in transmission. (Source: ISEP)
 
 gegevenscentrum
 	English: data centre
 	English definition: An organization established primarily to acquire, analyze, process, store, retrieve, and disseminate one or more types of data. (Source: MGH)
 
 gegevensdrager
 	English: data carrier
 	English definition: A medium on which data can be recorded, and which is usually easily transportable, such as cards, tape, paper, or disks. (Source: MGH)
 
 gegevensverwerking
 	English: data processing
 	English definition: Any operation or combination of operations on data, including everything that happens to data from the time they are observed or collected to the time they are destroyed. (Source: MGH)
 
 gegevensverwerving
 	English: data acquisition
 	English definition: The act of collecting and gathering individual facts, statistics or other items of information. (Source: RHW)
 
 gehalte aan adsorbeerbare organohalogenen (AOX)
 	English: AOX value
 	English definition: Organic halogens subject to absorption. This is a measure of the amount of chlorine (and other halogens) combined with organic compounds. (Source: PORT)
 
 gehalte aan rottend organisch materiaal
 	English: saprobic index
 	English definition: Indication or measure of the level of organic pollution. (Source: ALLa)
 
 gehalte aan verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant concentration
 	English definition: A measure of the amount of a polluting substance in a given amount of water, soil, air, food or other medium. (Source: FFD)
 
 gehalte aan zware metalen
 	English: heavy metal load
 	English definition: The amount of stress put on an ecosystem by heavy metal pollution released into it. (Source: ISEP)
 
 gehoor (zintuig)
 	English: hearing (sense)
 	English definition: The general perceptual behaviour and the specific responses made in relation to sound stimuli. (Source: MGH)
 
 gehoor(systeem)
 	English: hearing system
 	English definition: The system that is concerned with the perception of sound, is mediated through the organ of Corti of the ear in mammals or through corresponding sensory receptors of the lagena in lower vertebrates, is normally sensitive in man to sound vibrations between 16 and 27.000 cycles per second but most receptive to those between 2.000 and 5.000 cycles per second, is conducted centrally by the cochlear branch of the auditory nerve, and is coordinated especially in the medial geniculate body. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 gehoorbescherming
 	English: hearing protection
 	English definition: The total of measures and devices implemented to preserve persons from harm to the faculty of perceiving sound. (Source: OED)
 
 gehoorschade
 	English: hearing impairment
 	English definition: A decrease in strength or any abnormality or partial or complete loss of hearing or of the function of ear, or hearing system, due directly or secondarily to pathology or injury; it may be either temporary or permanent.
 
 geintegreerd bedrijfsbeheer
 	English: integrated management
 	English definition: Unified, combined and coordinated management of environmental problems which correlates relevant organisations, groups, individuals and disciplines by bringing the parts together for a complete approach. (Source: UNUN)
 
 geintegreerde milieubeschermingstechnologie
 	English: integrated environmental protection technology
 	English definition: Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Integrated environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. (Source: ENVAR)
 
 geintegreerde ongediertebestrijding
 	English: integrated pest control
 	English definition: A systematic, comprehensive approach to pest control that uses the insect's or rodent's own biology and behaviour to find the least toxic control methods at the lowest cost. (Source: KOREN)
 
 geintegreerde vervuilingsbeheersing
 	English: integrated pollution control
 	English definition: A procedure whereby all major emissions to land, air, and water are considered simultaneously and not in isolation to avoid situations in which one control measure for one medium adversely affects another. (Source: GILP96)
 
 gelaagdheid
 	English: stratification
 	English definition: The arrangement of a body of water, as a lake, into two or more horizontal layers of different characteristics, especially densities. (Source: MGH)
 
 gelaagdheid van de dampkring
 	English: atmospheric layering
 	English definition: Any one of a number of strata or layers of the earth's atmosphere; temperature distribution is the most common criterion used for denoting the various shell. Also known as atmospheric shell; atmospheric region. (Source: MGH)
 
 gelastigde  voor gevaarlijke goederen
 	English: commissioner for dangerous goods
 	English definition: An authorized or appointed government official that regulates the production, use, transport or clean-up of materials that pose a threat to human health and to the environment, particularly materials that are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive or chemically reactive. (Source: TOE)
 
 geldtheorie
 	English: theory of money
 	English definition: A coherent group of general propositions about the supply and demand of money, interest rates, the flow of money's influence on the overall economy or the policies that should be adopted by institutions controlling the money supply. (Source: ODE / MGHME)
 
 geleedpotigen
 	English: arthropod
 	English definition: The largest phylum in the animal kingdom; adults typically have segmented body, a sclerotized integument, and many-jointed segmental limbs. (Source: MGH)
 
 geleidend vermogen
 	English: conductivity
 	English definition: The ratio of the electric current density to the electric field in a material. Also known as electrical conductivity. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluid
 	English: noise
 	English definition: Sound which is unwanted, either because of its effects on humans, its effect on fatigue or malfunction of physical equipment, or its interference with the perception or detection of other sounds. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluid
 	English: sound
 	English definition: Auditory sensation produced by the oscillations, stress, pressure, particle displacement, and particle velocity in a medium with internal forces; pressure variation that the human ear can detect. (Source: KOREN)
 
 geluid van vliegtuigen
 	English: aircraft noise
 	English definition: Effective sound output of the various sources of noise associated with aircraft operation, such as propeller and engine exhaust, jet noise, and sonic boom. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluid,lawaai,trillingen
 	English: noise, vibrations
 
 geluiddicht maken
 	English: soundproofing
 	English definition: Reducing or eliminating reverberation in a room by placing sound-absorbing materials on the walls and ceiling. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluidsafscherming
 	English: noise barrier
 	English definition: Barriers for reducing the propagation of sound: they are widely used in industry and alongside roads and railways to shield receivers from noise sources. Barriers will not reduce the noise on the receivers side, but will increase it, unless the barrier is also covered in absorbing material. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 geluidsanalyse
 	English: noise analysis
 	English definition: Determination of the frequency components that make up a particular noise being studied. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluidsbeperking
 	English: noise control
 	English definition: The process to control the audible sound to an acceptable level. (Source: LEE)
 
 geluidscomfort
 	English: acoustic comfort
 
 geluidseffect
 	English: noise effect
 
 geluidseigenschap
 	English: acoustic property
 	English definition: The characteristics found within a structure that determine the quality of sound in its relevance to hearing. (Source: KOREN)
 
 geluidsemissie
 	English: noise emission
 	English definition: The release of noise into the environment from various sources that can be grouped in: transportation activities, industrial activities and daily normal activities. (Source: DIFID)
 
 geluidsemissie
 	English: sound emission
 	English definition: Diffusion into the environment of a sound emitted from a given source. (Source: RRDA)
 
 geluidsfilter
 	English: acoustic filter
 	English definition: A device employed to reject sound in a particular range of frequencies while passing sound in another range of frequencies. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluidshinder
 	English: noise disturbance
 	English definition: Noise interferes with communication and interferes with thought processes. Noise interferes with sleep, it causes anger and frustration, and has been implicated as a contributor to various psychological and physiological problems. Noise detracts from the quality of life and the environment. (Source: PZ)
 
 geluidshinder
 	English: noise pollution
 	English definition: Harmful or unwanted sounds in the environment, which in specific locals, can be measured and averaged over a period of time. (Source: APD)
 
 geluidsimmissie
 	English: noise immission
 	English definition: Immission in the environment of acoustic vibrations that negatively affect human beings, animals, plants or other objects. (Source: RRDA)
 
 geluidsimmissie
 	English: sound immission
 	English definition: The introduction in the environment of noise deriving from various sources that can be grouped in: transportation activities, industrial activities and daily normal activities. (Source: DIFIDa)
 
 geluidsisolatie
 	English: acoustic insulation
 	English definition: The process of preventing the transmission of sound by surrounding with a nonconducting material. (Source: CED)
 
 geluidskwaliteit
 	English: acoustical quality
 	English definition: The characteristics of a confined space that determines its ability to enable music and speech to be heard clearly within it. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 geluidsleer
 	English: acoustics
 	English definition: The science of the production, transmission and effects of sound. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluidsmeting
 	English: noise measurement
 	English definition: The process of quantitatively determining one or more properties of acoustic noise. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluidsmeting
 	English: noise monitoring
 	English definition: The systematic deployment of monitoring equipment for the purpose of detecting or measuring quantitatively or qualitatively the presence, effect, or level of noise. (Source: GILP96)
 
 geluidsmeting
 	English: sound measurement
 	English definition: Because of the large variations in sound magnitudes, and because the human hearing sensation seems to vary in a logarithmic way, logarithms are used in measurement of sound. The sound pressure level is given in decibels (dB). (Source: PARCOR)
 
 geluidsniveau
 	English: acoustic level
 	English definition: Physical quantity of sound measured, usually expressed in decibels. (Source: KORENa)
 
 geluidsniveau
 	English: noise level
 	English definition: Physical quantity of unwanted sound measured, usually expressed in decibels. (Source: KOREN)
 
 geluidsoverdracht
 	English: sound transmission
 	English definition: Passage of a sound wave through a medium or series of media. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluidsspectrum
 	English: noise spectrum
 	English definition: The range of frequencies occurring in the noise emitted by a source. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 geluidssterkte
 	English: loudness
 	English definition: The magnitude of the physiological sensation produced by a sound, which varies directly with the physical intensity of sound but also depends on frequency of sound and waveform. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluidssterkte
 	English: sound level
 	English definition: The sound pressure level (in decibels) at a point in a sound field, averaged over the audible frequency range and over a time interval. (Source: MGH)
 
 geluidsvoortplanting
 	English: sound propagation
 	English definition: The travelling of acoustic waves in the atmosphere with a speed independent of their amplitude. The speed only depends on the acoustic medium and is proportional to the square route of the absolute temperature for any given medium. (Source: RRDA /  PARCOR)
 
 geluidswetgeving
 	English: noise legislation
 	English definition: Legislation introduced by many governments to prevent or restrict the emission of noise from industrial, commercial and domestic premises; from motor vehicles and aircraft; and from consumer appliances and equipment. (Source: GILP96)
 
 gemakkelijk afbreekbare stof
 	English: weakly degradable substance
 	English definition: A substance that is not easily converted to another, usually less complex compound. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 gematigd ecosysteem
 	English: temperate ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions of or related to moderate climates, intermediate between tropical and polar zones and having distinct warm to hot summer seasons and cool to cold winter seasons. (Source: TOE / DOE)
 
 gematigd klimaat
 	English: temperate climate
 	English definition: The climate of the middle latitudes; the climate between the extremes of tropical climate and polar climate. (Source: MGH)
 
 gemeenschap
 	English: society
 	English definition: Human group of people, more or less large and complex, associated for some common interest and characterized by distinctive hierarchical relationships. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 gemeenschap levend op een grondgebied
 	English: territorial community
 	English definition: An infrastructure, body of people or homogenous constituency that is physically situated in a localized exurban area. (Source: RHW / TEF)
 
 gemeenschappelijk handelsbeleid
 	English: common commercial policy
 	English definition: The set of uniform trade principles or practices established by an European Community customs union, which implements common tariff rates, tariff and trade agreements with non-member countries, import and export policies, and export promotion. (Source: EUR)
 
 gemeenschappelijk landbouwbeleid
 	English: common agricultural policy
 	English definition: The set of regulations and practices adopted by member countries of the European Community that consolidates efforts in promoting or ensuring reasonable pricing, fair standards of living, stable markets, increased farm productivity and methods for dealing with food supply or surplus. (Source: CNI)
 
 gemeenschappelijk tariefbeleid
 	English: common tariff policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by member countries, in which it is agreed to impose a system of duties or tax charges on imports from non-member countries. (Source: ODE)
 
 gemeenschappelijke regeling
 	English: common agreement
 	English definition: A system of law established by following earlier judicial decisions and customs, rather than statutory or legislatively enacted law. (Source: BLD / WOR)
 
 gemeenschappelijke voorziening
 	English: community facility
 	English definition: Buildings, equipment and services provided for a community. (Source: CAMB)
 
 gemeenschapswetgeving
 	English: Community ruling
 
 gemeente
 	English: local authority
 	English definition: The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies for a city, town or small district. (Source: BLD)
 
 gemeente
 	English: municipality
 	English definition: A town, city, or other district having powers of local self-government. (Source: LANDY)
 
 gemeentebegroting
 	English: Community budget
 	English definition: A schedule of revenues and expenditures for a specific time period that is devised by the European Community, a body of people organized into a political unity. (Source: MGHME /  OED)
 
 gemeentelijk (vuil)stortplaats
 	English: municipal dumping
 	English definition: Place where a town's refuse is disposed of after it has been collected. (Source: PHC)
 
 gemeentelijk afval
 	English: municipal waste
 	English definition: The combined residential and commercial waste materials generated in a given municipal area. (Source: LANDY)
 
 gemeentelijk milieuplan
 	English: municipal environment plan
 	English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the management of a city or town's natural or ecological resources. (Source: OED)
 
 gemeentelijk verwarmingsnetwerk
 	English: municipal heating network
 	English definition: System of heating all houses in a urban district from a central source (as from hot springs in Iceland or by cooling water from a power station). (Source: PHC)
 
 gemeentelijk waterbeheer
 	English: municipal water management
 	English definition: Municipal water management deals with aspects of water supply and water technology concerning planning, processing, building and producing. It also concerns the problems of waste water collection, sewage disposal, waste water treatment in rural areas, water economising measures, water body quality management. (Source: TUBERL)
 
 gemeentelijke financien
 	English: Community finance
 	English definition: The financial resources or income of the European Community, a body of people organized into a political unity. (Source: ISEP /  OED)
 
 gemeentelijke reiniging
 	English: municipal cleansing
 	English definition: The aggregation of services offered by a town or city in which streets and other public areas are kept clean, such as through trash pick-ups, street sweeping and decontamination of water, soil and other natural resources. (Source: FFD)
 
 gemeentelijke watervoorziening
 	English: municipal water distribution system
 	English definition: Any publicly or privately organized setup in which water is processed at a central plant and delivered to homes and businesses via water pipes. (Source: WQA)
 
 gemeenteniveau
 	English: municipal level
 	English definition: The jurisdiction, position or status of city, town or local government. (Source: DAM / OED)
 
 gemeentereinigingsdienst
 	English: municipal cleansing service
 	English definition: Removal for treatment or disposal of those residues that can be regarded as waste including removal of litter from public places, public thoroughfares or the countryside. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 gemeentewerken
 	English: municipal engineering
 	English definition: Branch of engineering dealing with the form and functions of urban areas. (Source: MGH)
 
 gemeentewet
 	English: Community act
 
 gemengd (landbouw)bedrijf
 	English: mixed farming
 	English definition: Type of agriculture based on the combination of crop production and cattle raising. (Source: GREMES)
 
 gemengd bos
 	English: mixed forest
 	English definition: A forest composed of several tree species. (Source: FORGOVa)
 
 gemengd bos
 	English: mixed woodland
 
 gemorste hoeveelheid
 	English: spillage
 	English definition: The uncontrolled discharge, leakage, dripping or running over of fluids or liquid substances. (Source: HMD)
 
 gen
 	English: gene
 	English definition: A unit of heredity composed of DNA occupying a fixed position on a chromosome. A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or repress such operation (repressor gene). (Source: CED)
 
 geneeskrachtige plant(ensoort)
 	English: medicinal plant
 	English definition: Plants having therapeutic properties. (Source: CEDa)
 
 geneeskunde
 	English: medicine (practice)
 	English definition: The science and art of treating and healing. (Source: MGH)
 
 geneesmiddel
 	English: drug (medicine)
 	English definition: A chemical substance used internally or externally as a medicine for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment or cure of disease, for the relief of pain or to control or enhance physical or mental well-being. (Source: RHW, APD)
 
 genenbank
 	English: gene bank
 	English definition: Storehouses of seeds or vegetative tissue, kept in low humidity and temperature, to help maintain genetic diversity. Sometimes known as seed banks or germ plasm banks. their contents mostly originate from a wide range of primitive strains and wild crop varieties. The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), which was established in 1974, promotes the collection, documentation, evaluation, conservation and eventual use of genetic resources of significant plant species. Gene banks are the subject of international controversy because they contain seeds that have mostly been acquired from the developing countries by the industrially rich countries, where they have been used in breeding programmes to develop new strains. Instead of taking decades over a traditional plant breeding programme by fertilization, it is now possible to manipulate directly the genes of plants, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are plants modified to give a higher resistance to disease and improved growth and yields and, therefore, increase the profit of the plant breeder and farmer. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 genetica
 	English: genetics
 	English definition: The science that is concerned with the study of biological inheritance. (Source: MGH)
 
 genetisch effect
 	English: genetic effect
 	English definition: Inheritable change, chiefly mutations produced by chemical substances, herbicides, radiations, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 genetisch gewijzigd organisme
 	English: genetically modified organism
 	English definition: An organism that has undergone external processes by which its basic set of genes has been altered. (Source: LEE)
 
 genetische diversiteit
 	English: genetic diversity
 	English definition: The variation between individuals and between populations within a species. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 genetische hulpbronnen
 	English: genetic resource
 	English definition: The gene pool in natural and cultivated stocks of organisms that are available for human exploitation. It is desirable to maintain as diverse a range of organisms as possible, particularly of domesticated cultivars and their ancestors, in order to maintain a wide genetic base. The wider the genetic base, the greater the capacity for adaptation to particular environmental conditions. (Source: ALL2)
 
 genetische informatie
 	English: genetic information
 	English definition: The information for protein synthesis contained in the nucleotide sequences of the DNA polynucleotide chain. (Source: RRDA)
 
 genetische manipulatie
 	English: genetic engineering
 	English definition: 1) The complex of techniques for the production of new genes and the alteration of the structure of the chromosomes to produce effects beneficial to man, in agriculture and medicine.2) The intentional production of new genes and alteration of genomes by the substitution or addition of new genetic material. (Source: ZINZAN /  MGH)
 
 genetische variatie
 	English: genetic variation
 	English definition: Change in one or more phenotypic characteristics, due to gene mutation or rearrangement, environmental effects, etc. (Source: DELFIN)
 
 genetische wijziging
 	English: genetic modification
 	English definition: Inheritable changes produced by ionizing radiation, exposure to certain chemicals, ingestion of some medication and from other causes. (Source: CONFER)
 
 genotoxiciteit
 	English: genotoxicity
 
 geodesie
 	English: geodesy
 	English definition: A subdivision of geophysics which includes determination of the size and shape of the earth, the earth's gravitational field, and the location of points fixed to the earth's crust in an earth-referred coordinate system. (Source: MGH)
 
 geofysica
 	English: geophysics
 	English definition: The physics of the earth and its environment, that is, earth, air and space. (Source: MGH)
 
 geofysisch milieu
 	English: geophysical environment
 	English definition: The physical earth and its surroundings, consisting of the oceans and inland waters, lower and upper atmosphere, space, land masses and land forms. (Source: APD / ENZ)
 
 geogene factor
 	English: geogenic factor
 	English definition: Geogenic factors are those which originate in the soil, as opposed to those of anthropic origin (anthropogenic). (Source: RRDA)
 
 geografie
 	English: geography
 	English definition: The study of the natural features of the earth's surface, comprising topography, climate, soil, vegetation, etc. and man's response to them. (Source: CED)
 
 geografisch informatiesysteem
 	English: geographic information system
 	English definition: An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped. (Source: SFRC /  GILP96)
 
 geografische eigenschap
 	English: geographic attribute
 	English definition: A characteristic or data element of a database that is associated with a geographical feature, such as the geographical location of a landform, property or structure. (Source: APD / FRE / KIN)
 
 geografische projectie
 	English: geographical projection
 	English definition: A representation of the globe constructed on a plane with lines representative of and corresponding to the meridians and parallels of the curved surface of the earth. (Source: GIS /  RHW)
 
 geografische spreiding van hulpbronnen
 	English: geographic distribution of resources
 	English definition: The physical character and distribution of natural resources at the face of the Earth. The fundamental differences between land and ocean, latitudinal differences in insulation, spatial variations in receipts of precipitation, and patterns of geological composition and deformation of the Earth's crust together provide the basis for distinguishing definite geographical patterns of resource availability over the world. (Source: PARCORa)
 
 geografische verspreiding van de bevolking
 	English: geographical distribution of population
 	English definition: The number of inhabitants in or spread across designated subdivisions of an area, region, city or country. (Source: RHW)
 
 geologie
 	English: geology
 	English definition: The study or science of the earth, its history, and its life as recorded in the rocks; includes the study of geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (Source: MGH)
 
 geologische processen
 	English: geological process
 	English definition: Dynamic actions or events that occur at the Earth's surface due to application of natural forces resulting from gravity, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic shaking, and the agencies of wind and moving water, ice and snow. Where and when a force exceeds the strength of the earth material, the material is changed by deformation, translocation, or chemical reactions. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 geologische ramp
 	English: geological disaster
 	English definition: Disasters caused by movements and deformation of the earth's crust. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 geometrische correctie
 	English: geometric correction
 	English definition: A remote sensing term referring to the adjustment of an image for geometric errors. (Source: DWEB)
 
 geomorfologie
 	English: geomorphology
 	English definition: The study of the classification, description, nature, origin, and development of present landforms and their relationships to underlying structures, and of the history of geologic changes as recorded by these surface features. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 geomorfologische processen
 	English: geomorphic process
 	English definition: The physical and chemical interactions between the Earth's surface and the natural forces acting upon it to produce landforms. The processes are determined by such natural environmental variables as geology, climate, vegetation and baselevel, to say nothing of human interference. The nature of the process and the rate at which it operates will be influenced by a change in any of these variables. (Source: WHIT)
 
 geotechniek
 	English: geotechnics
 	English definition: The application of scientific methods and engineering principles to civil engineering problems through acquiring, interpreting, and using knowledge of materials of the crust of the earth. (Source: MGH)
 
 geotechnologie
 	English: geotechnology
 	English definition: The application of scientific methods and engineering techniques to the exploitation and use of natural resources. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 geothermische energie
 	English: geothermal energy
 	English definition: An energy produced by tapping the earth's internal heat. At present, the only available technologies to do this are those that extract heat from hydrothermal convection systems, where water or steam transfer the heat from the deeper part of the earth to the areas where the energy can be tapped. The amount of pollutants found in geothermal vary from area to area but may contain arsenic, boron, selenium, lead, cadmium, and fluorides. They also may contain hydrogen sulphide, mercury, ammonia, radon, carbon dioxide, and methane. (Source: KOREN)
 
 geplande stedelijke ontwikkeling
 	English: planned urban development
 	English definition: Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in metropolitan areas following certain preparations or designs. (Source: CGP)
 
 geprefabriceerd gebouw
 	English: prefabricated building
 	English definition: Building whose sections are manufactured in specialized factories and later transported and assembled on a building site. (Source: CEDa)
 
 gerechtelijke handeling
 	English: juridical act
 	English definition: Acts relating to the administration of justice. (Source: CURZON)
 
 gerechtigheid
 	English: justice
 	English definition: The correct application of law as opposed to arbitrariness. (Source: CURZON)
 
 gerechtshof
 	English: court of justice
 	English definition: A tribunal having jurisdiction of appeal and review, including the ability to overturn decisions of lower courts or courts of first instance. (Source: BLD)
 
 geregistreerde plaats
 	English: registered site
 	English definition: Area which is officially registered because of its unique features; a description is provided concerning its location, size, latitude, longitude, orientation, elevation, boundaries, wildlife, hydrological and soil characteristics, etc. (Source: IUCNa)
 
 gescheiden afvalverwerking
 	English: dual waste management
 	English definition: To reduce the quantity of packaging waste, and thereby of overall MSW, Germany introduced a far-reaching legislation to reduce waste, based on the producer's responsibility principle. Industry was given the option to set up a third party organization which would carry out the collection and sorting of sales packaging for care of manufacturers and retailers. Thus, Some 600 companies created 'Duales System Deutschland' in 1990 ('Dual' because it meant creating a second collection system in parallel to the existing waste collection system of the local authorities). Duales System Deutschland (DSD), now has overall responsibility for the separate collection and recycling of packaging. At present, the Dual System is the only nationwide system for the collection and sorting of sales packaging. Packaging participating in this collection system is marked with the Green Dot. (Source: EPEBE)
 
 gescheiden inzameling
 	English: separated collection
 	English definition: The collection of individual components of solid waste from any source, usually separated into different collection containers, in order to recover, reuse or recycle the material or to facilitate its collection and disposal. (Source: GSW)
 
 gescheiden ophaling aan de bron
 	English: sorting at source
 	English definition: The classification and separation of solid waste, according to type, at the location where it is generated. (Source: EEN / FFD)
 
 gescheiden rioolstelsel
 	English: separate sewer system
 	English definition: Sewer system having distinct pipes for collecting superficial water and sewage water. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 geschiedenis
 	English: history
 	English definition: A systematic written account comprising a chronological record of events (as affecting a city, state, nation, institution, science, or art) and usually including a philosophical explanation of the cause and origin of such events. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 geschiedkundig monument
 	English: historical monument
 	English definition: Monument built in memory of an historical event. (Source: RRDA)
 
 geschiedkundig onderzoek
 	English: historical research
 	English definition: The study of events in relation to their development over time. (Source: GOOD)
 
 geschiedkundige evolutie
 	English: historical evolution
 	English definition: The process by which small but cumulative changes in the learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge of a people occur from generation to generation. (Source: ANT)
 
 geschiedkundige kern
 	English: historic centre
 	English definition: That part of a town or city in which the principal public and historic buildings are located. (Source: GOOD)
 
 geschiedkundige plaats
 	English: historical site
 	English definition: Place where significant historical events occurred and which is important to an indigenous culture or a community. (Source: LANDYa)
 
 geschikte technologie
 	English: appropriate technology
 	English definition: 1) A flexible and participatory approach to developing economically viable, regionally applicable and sustainable technology.2) Technology designed to be used in developing countries. Typical requirements arethat it should: be easy to use by the unskilled; have no difficult-to-get parts; be easily repaired on the spot. Typical example: a simple windmill to pump water rather than a diesel-driven pump. The terms `alternative', `intermediate' and`appropriate' are often used interchangeably. (Source: IISD /  VCN)
 
 gesteente
 	English: rock
 	English definition: Any aggregate of minerals that makes up part of the earth's crust. It may be unconsolidated, such as sand, clay, or mud, or consolidated, such as granite, limestone, or coal. (Source: CED)
 
 gesteentemechanica
 	English: rock mechanics
 	English definition: The theoretical and applied science of the physical behavior of rocks, representing a 'branch of mechanics concerned with the response of rock to the force fields of its physical environment'. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 getijcentrale
 	English: tidal power station
 	English definition: Power station where the generation of power is provided by the ebb and flow of the tides. The principle is that water collected at high tide behind a barrage is released at low tide to turn a turbine that, in turn, drives a generator. (Source: PORT /  BRACK)
 
 getijde-energie
 	English: tidal power
 	English definition: Mechanical power, which may be converted to electrical power, generated by the rise and fall of ocean tides. The possibilities of utilizing tidal power have been studied for many generations, but the only feasible schemes devised so far are based on the use of one or more tidal basins, separated from the sea by dams (known as barrages), and of hydraulic turbines through which water passes on its way between the basins and the sea. (Source: ALL)
 
 getijwater
 	English: tidal water
 	English definition: Any water whose level changes periodically due to tidal action. (Source: MGH)
 
 geurhinder
 	English: odour nuisance
 
 geurstof
 	English: aromatic substance
 	English definition: Substance having a distinctive, usually fragrant smell. (Source: CED)
 
 geurvervuiling
 	English: olfactory pollution
 	English definition: Pollution produced by gaseous emissions in the atmosphere that, even in very small amounts, may cause injuries or a condition of general unease or sickness to persons living in the vicinity. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 gevaar van vervuilende stoffen
 	English: hazard of pollutants
 	English definition: Risk or danger to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of a harmful substances into the ecosystem. (Source: RHW / TOE)
 
 gevaar voor de gezondheid
 	English: health hazard
 
 gevaar voor de milieuhygiene
 	English: environmental health hazard
 	English definition: Any physical, chemical or other agent capable of causing harm to the interrelationship between humans and the surrounding external conditions, threatening both human well-being and ecological integrity. (Source: TOE)
 
 gevaar voor het milieu
 	English: environmental hazard
 	English definition: A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to the ecosystem or natural resources. (Source: FFD)
 
 gevaarlijk afval
 	English: hazardous waste
 	English definition: Any waste or combination of wastes with the potential to damage human health, living organisms or the environment. Hazardous wastes usually require special handling and disposal procedures which are regulated by national and international laws. (Source: HMD /  DEE /  HMH)
 
 gevaarlijk bouwmateriaal
 	English: hazardous working material
 	English definition: A poison, corrosive agent, flammable substance, explosive, radioactive chemical, or any other material which can endanger human health or well-being if handled improperly. (Source: MGH)
 
 gevaarlijk getij
 	English: red tide
 	English definition: Sea water which is covered or discoloured by the sudden growth of algal bloom or by a great increase in single-celled organisms, dinoflagellates. Red tides are often fatal to many forms of marine life and, in some cases, can result in human deaths because the dinoflagellates are eaten by clams and mussels which concentrate the paralysing toxins which they produce. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 gevaarlijke goederen
 	English: dangerous goods
 	English definition: Goods or products that are full of hazards or risks when used, transported, etc. (Source: ISEP)
 
 gevaarlijke installatie
 	English: dangerous installation
 	English definition: Installations whose functioning involves the possibility of major hazards such as chemical plants, nuclear, coal and oil power production plants, etc. (Source: WPRa)
 
 gevaarlijke stof
 	English: hazardous substance
 	English definition: Any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the environment. Typical hazardous substances are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically reactive. (Source: LEE)
 
 gevaarlijke stoffen voor het milieu
 	English: environmentally dangerous substance
 	English definition: Substance that causes undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of human or other living organisms. (Source: VIRPURa)
 
 gevaarlijkestoffenwetgeving
 	English: hazardous substances legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the production, use or clean-up of materials that pose a threat to human health and the environment, particularly materials that are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive or chemically reactive. (Source: TOE / BLD)
 
 gevaren
 	English: hazard
 	English definition: A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to persons, property, animals, plants or other natural resources. (Source: FFD / HMD)
 
 gevaren, veiligheid
 	English: risks, safety
 
 gevarenzone
 	English: hazard area
 	English definition: Any site or region in which there is a physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to property, persons, animals, plants or other natural resources. (Source: FFD / HMD)
 
 gevoelig gebied
 	English: sensitive area
 	English definition: Areas of a country where special measures may be given to protect the natural habitats which present a high level of vulnerability. (Source: BRACK)
 
 gevoelig natuurgebied
 	English: sensitive natural area
 	English definition: Terrestrial or aquatic area or other fragile natural setting with unique or highly-valued environmental features. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 gevoelige omgeving
 	English: sensitive environment
 	English definition: Any parcel of land, large or small, under public or private control, that already has, or with remedial action could achieve, desirable environmental attributes. These attributes contribute to the retention and/or creation of wildlife habitat, soils stability, water retention or recharge, vegetative cover, and similar vital ecological functions. Environmentally sensitive areas range in size from small patches to extensive landscape features. They can include rare or common habitats, plants and animals. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 gevoeligheidsanalyse
 	English: sensitivity analysis
 	English definition: A formalized procedure to identify the impact of changes in various model components on model output. Sensitivity analysis is an integral part of simulation experimentation and may influence model formulations. It is commonly used to examine model behaviour. The general procedure is to define a model output variable that represents an important aspect of model behaviour. The values of various inputs of the model are then varied and the resultant change in the output variable is monitored. Large changes in the output variable imply that the particular input varied is important in controlling model behaviour. Within this general definition, sensitivity analysis has been applied to a variety of model inputs including state variables, environmental variables and initial conditions. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 gevolgd onderwijs
 	English: educational path
 	English definition: A guided trail, designed to explain to children a piece of countryside, the type of soil, flora, fauna, etc. Such trails may be self-guiding, using either explanatory notices set up at intervals or numbered boards referring to a printed leaflet: in other cases parties may be led by a demonstrator or warden. (Source: GOOD)
 
 gevolgen van lawaai op de gezondheid
 	English: health effect of noise
 	English definition: Noise consequences on human health consist in loss of hearing and psychological effects. (Source: KOREN)
 
 gevolgen van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution effect
 	English definition: The main pollution effects concern human health and cover all aspects of the physical environment - air, water and land, including the effects of climate change. Human activities which are sources of pollution arise from domestic, commercial, industrial and military sectors and their effects are influenced by various issues, trends and public sector programmes, such as safe water and food, management of waste, increasing use of chemicals in agriculture, and urbanization. Types of pollutants which are negatively impacting health include litter, toxic chemicals, nuclear waste, lead, spoil from mining, food and water contaminants; and the polluting effects of over-population. (Source: WPR)
 
 gevolgen, invloeden, effecten
 	English: effects, impacts
 
 gewasbehandeling
 	English: crop treatment
 	English definition: Use of chemicals in order to avoid damage of crops by insects or weeds. (Source: WRIGHTa)
 
 gewasbescherming
 	English: crop protection
 	English definition: The problem of crop protection has changed dramatically since 1945. There is now a whole arsenal of chemicals with which to combat agricultural pests and diseases, but this development has itself many drawbacks. Such sophisticated techniques are available only to a minority of farmers; in most parts of the world the standard of crop protection remains abysmally low. In addition, modern crop protection methods have been criticized for relying too heavily on chemical control. Biological controls, both natural and contrived, have been neglected. In some cases involving misuse of agricultural chemicals, crops must be protected from the very measures intended for their protection. Meanwhile previously localized pests and diseases continue to spread worldwide. (Source: WPR)
 
 gewasbescherming
 	English: plant protection
 	English definition: Conservation of plant species that may be rare or endangered, and of other plants of particular significance. (Source: GILP96)
 
 gewasbeschermingsmiddel
 	English: plant protection product
 	English definition: Any substance or mixture of substances which through physiological action protects the plants against parasites, fungi, virus, or other damaging factors. (Source: KORENa)
 
 gewassenteelt
 	English: crop production
 	English definition: The act or process of yielding produce from farmland, for livestock or human consumption. (Source: RHW / AGP)
 
 gewervelde dieren
 	English: vertebrate
 	English definition: Any chordate animal of the subphylum Vertebrata, characterized by a bony or cartilaginous skeleton and a well-developed brain: the group contains fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. (Source: CED)
 
 gewest
 	English: region
 	English definition: A designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical territory that is formulated according to some biological, political, economic or demographic criteria. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
 
 gewestelijk natuurpark
 	English: regional natural park
 	English definition: A park operated and managed by a region. (Source: LANDY)
 
 gewestelijk voorschrift
 	English: regional law
 
 gewestelijke gezag
 	English: regional authority
 	English definition: The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific geographical area, usually falling under the jurisdiction of two or more states. (Source: BLD)
 
 gewestelijke ontwikkeling
 	English: regional development
 	English definition: The progress or advancement for a large geographical territory or a designated division of a country or state, particularly in economic growth that leads to modernization or industrialization. (Source: RHW)
 
 gewestelijke overeenkomst
 	English: regional convention
 	English definition: An assembly of national, political party or organizational delegates representing persons or the interests of a specific geographic area, or the pact or the agreement that arises from such an assembly. (Source: BLD)
 
 gewestelijke planning
 	English: regional planning
 	English definition: The step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of actions to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives for a designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical area. (Source: RHW / BLD)
 
 gewestelijke verordening
 	English: regional regulation
 	English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty pertaining to or effective within a specific territory of one or more states. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 gewestplan
 	English: regional plan
 	English definition: The plan for a region according to some physiographic, biological, political, administrative, economic, demographic, or other criteria. (Source: LANDY)
 
 geweststatistieken
 	English: regional statistics
 
 geweststructuur
 	English: regional structure
 	English definition: The organization or arrangement of a large geographical territory or a designated division of a country or state that may be formulated according to some administrative, biological, political, economic or demographic criteria. (Source: RHW)
 
 geweven stof
 	English: fabric
 	English definition: Any cloth made from yarn or fibres by weaving, knitting, felting, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 gewicht
 	English: weight
 	English definition: The gravitational force with which the earth attracts a body. By extension, the gravitational force with which a star, planet, or satellite attracts a nearby body. (Source: MGH)
 
 gewoonte en gebruik
 	English: custom and usage
 	English definition: A group pattern of habitual activity usually transmitted across generations and, in some instances, having the force of law. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 gezagsdragende instelling
 	English: authority body
 	English definition: An organized assemblage of authorized persons or officials empowered to implement and enforce laws, oversee jurisdictions, settle disputes, adjudicate or make some other legal determination. (Source: RHW / BLD)
 
 gezamenlijke afvalwaterverwerking
 	English: collective wastewater treatment
 
 gezamenlijke tenuitvoerlegging (Conferentie van Rio de Janeiro)
 	English: joint implementation (Rio Conference)
 
 gezamenlijke verbranding
 	English: co-incineration
 	English definition: Joint incineration of hazardous waste, in any form, with refuse and/or sludge. (Source: LEE)
 
 gezinshuishouden
 	English: private household
 	English definition: Living quarters where a group of persons (family) live together. (Source: GOOD)
 
 gezinsplanning
 	English: family planning
 	English definition: The control of the number of children in a family and of the intervals between them, especially by the use of contraceptives. (Source: CED)
 
 gezinstoestand
 	English: marital status
 	English definition: The standing of an individual with regard to a legally recognized conjugal relationship, either in the present or past. (Source: RHW)
 
 gezondheid
 	English: health
 	English definition: A state of dynamic equilibrium between an organism and its environment in which all functions of mind and body are normal. (Source: MGH)
 
 gezondheid van dieren
 	English: animal health
 
 gezondheid, voeding
 	English: health, nutrition
 
 gezondheidsbescherming
 	English: health protection
 
 gezondheidsdienst
 	English: health service
 	English definition: The supply of health care to the public. (Source: CEDa)
 
 gezondheidssteun
 	English: sanitary assistance
 
 gezondheidsvoorschrift
 	English: health regulation
 	English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government or management to promote or protect the soundness of human bodies and minds in the workplace, at home or in the general environment. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 gezondheidswetgeving
 	English: health legislation
 	English definition: Laws, ordinances, or codes prescribing sanitary, clean air, etc., standards and regulations, designed to promote and preserve the health of the community and working conditions of businesses. (Source: BLACK)
 
 gezondheidszorg
 	English: health care
 
 gezondmaking van het milieu
 	English: environmental sanitation
 
 giftig afval
 	English: toxic waste
 	English definition: Refuse posing a significant hazard to the environment or to human health when improperly handled; includes carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic or phytotoxic wastes, or wastes harmful to aquatic species, or poisonous wastes. (Source: DEE / HMD)
 
 giftig effect
 	English: toxic effect
 	English definition: A result produced by the ingestion or contact of poisonous materials. (Source: RRDA)
 
 giftig metaal
 	English: toxic metal
 	English definition: Metals (usually heavy metals) which interfere with the respiration, metabolism or growth of organisms. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 giftig product
 	English: toxic product
 	English definition: Any product which can cause acute or chronic injury to the human body or which is suspected of being able to cause disease or injury under some conditions. (Source: KOREN)
 
 giftige stof
 	English: toxic substance
 	English definition: A chemical or mixture that may present a risk or injury to health or the environment. (Source: LANDY)
 
 giftige stof
 	English: toxin
 	English definition: A poisonous substance generally of plant or animal origin. (Source: LANDY)
 
 giftigheid
 	English: toxicity
 	English definition: The degree of danger posed by a substance to animal or plant life. (Source: LANDY)
 
 giftigheid van bestrijdingsmiddelen
 	English: toxicity of pesticides
 
 giftigheidsboordeling
 	English: toxicological assessment
 	English definition: The process of characterizing and evaluating the inherent toxicity of a chemical substance, a poison, etc. (Source: KORENa)
 
 giftigheidsonderzoek
 	English: toxicological testing
 	English definition: Test for the determination of the inherent toxicity of a chemical. (Source: KOREN)
 
 gips
 	English: gypsum
 	English definition: A colourless or white mineral used in the building industry and in the manufacture of cement, rubber, paper and plaster of Paris. (Source: CED)
 
 gipsafval
 	English: waste gypsum
 	English definition: By-product of the wet limestone flue gas desulphurisation process. (Source: PORTa)
 
 GIS digitaal formaat
 	English: GIS digital format
 	English definition: The digital form of data collected by remote sensing. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 GIS digitaal systeem
 	English: GIS digital system
 	English definition: An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped. (Source: SFRC /  GILP96)
 
 GIS digitale techniek
 	English: GIS digital technique
 	English definition: The transformation to digital form of data collected by remote sensing, traditional field and documentary methods and of existing historical data such as paper maps, charts, and publications. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 GIS laboratorium
 	English: GIS laboratory
 	English definition: A laboratory where GIS data drawn from different sources are stored, handled, analyzed and updated. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 gist
 	English: yeast
 	English definition: Many species of unicellular fungi, most of which belong to the Ascomycetes and reproduce by budding. The genus Saccharomyces is used in brewing and winemaking because in low oxygen concentration it produces zymase, an enzyme system that breaks down sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide. Saccharomyces is also used in bread-making. Some yeasts are used as a source of protein and of vitamins of the B group. (Source: ALL)
 
 gisting
 	English: fermentation
 	English definition: Any enzymatic transformation of organic substrates, especially carbohydrates, generally accompanied by the evolution of gas; a physiological counterpart of oxidation, permitting certain organisms to live and grow in the absence of air; used in various industrial processes for the manufacture of products, such as alcohols, acids, and cheese by the action of yeasts, molds, and bacteria; alcoholic fermentation is the best-known example. Also known as zymosis. (Source: MGH)
 
 glaciologie
 	English: glaciology
 	English definition: 1) The study of all aspects of snow and ice; the science that treats quantitatively the whole range of processes associated with all forms of solid existing water. 2) The study of existing glaciers and ice sheets, and of their physical properties. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 glas
 	English: glass
 	English definition: A hard, amorphous, inorganic, usually transparent, brittle substance made by fusing silicates, sometimes borates and phosphates, with certain basic oxides and then rapidly cooling to prevent crystallization. (Source: MGH)
 
 glasafval
 	English: waste glass
 	English definition: Discarded material from the glass manufacturing process or from used consumer products made of glass. (Source: GMR)
 
 glasindustrie
 	English: glass industry
 	English definition: Industry for the production of glassware. (Source: CED)
 
 glastuinbouw
 	English: greenhouse cultivation
 	English definition: Cultivation of plants, especially of out-of-season plants, in glass-enclosed, climate-controlled structures. (Source: MGH)
 
 glasvezel
 	English: fibreglass
 	English definition: A material made from small fibres of glass twisted together, which is used for keeping buildings warm, or a plastic strengthened by these fibres and used for making structures such as the outsides of cars and boats. (Source: CAMB)
 
 gletsjer
 	English: glacier
 	English definition: Slow moving masses of ice which have accumulated either on mountains or in polar regions. They are found where warm, moist air or warm water meets cold air or water. They move, influenced by the force of gravity and the pressure of the ice, above the underlying slush layers and slide downhill, eventually melting at lower levels to form rivers or reaching sea-level, where they form ice shelves or fall into the water as icebergs. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 godsdienst
 	English: religion
 	English definition: The expression of man's belief in and reverence for a superhuman power recognized as the creator and governor of the universe.
 
 goederen
 	English: goods
 	English definition: A term of variable content and meaning. It may include every species of personal chattels or property. Items of merchandise, supplies, raw materials, or finished goods. Land is excluded. (Source: DICLAW /  WESTS)
 
 goederen en diensten
 	English: goods and services
 	English definition: The total of economic assets, including both physical or storable objects and intangible acts of human assistance. (Source: ODE)
 
 goedkeuring
 	English: approval
 
 goedkeuring van installaties
 	English: approval of installations
 	English definition: Authorization or permission for setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus. (Source: OED)
 
 goedkope vlag
 	English: flag of convenience
 	English definition: Practice of registering a merchant vessel with a country that has favourable (i.e. less restrictive ) safety requirements, registration fees, etc.
 
 golf
 	English: golf
 	English definition: A game played on a large open course, the object of which is to hit a ball using clubs, with as few strokes as possible, into each of usually 18 holes.
 
 golfenergie
 	English: wave energy
 	English definition: Power extracted from the motion of sea waves at the coast. (Source: CED)
 
 golvenstroming op zee
 	English: swell
 	English definition: A regular movement of marine waves created by wind stress in the open ocean which travels considerable distances away from the generating field and into another wind field. The waves are characterized by relatively smooth, generally unbroken, crests and a fairly regular wavelength, but swell increases in wavelength and decreases in wave height as it moves away from the generating area. Local wind waves may be superimposed upon swell waves as they approach a coastline, thereby creating sharper crests and a choppy sea. (Source: WHIT)
 
 goudwieren
 	English: chrysophyta
 	English definition: The golden-brown and orange-yellow algae; a diverse group of microscopically small algae which inhabit fresh and salt water, many being planktonic. They contain carotenoid pigments and may be unicellular, colonial, filamentous or amoeboid. (Source: ALL)
 
 graad
 	English: rate
 	English definition: The amount of change in some quantity during a time interval divided by the length of the time interval. (Source: MGH)
 
 graan
 	English: grain
 	English definition: Edible, starchy seeds of the grass family (Graminae) usable as food by man and his livestock. (Source: MGH)
 
 grafieklijn
 	English: progress line
 	English definition: A diagrammatic presentation of observed data in the sequence of their occurrence in time, in the context of water flow. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 granulometrie
 	English: granulometry
 	English definition: 1) The determination of the different grain size in a granular material.2) The proportion by weight of particles of different sizes in granular material. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 grasachtigen
 	English: graminaceous plant
 	English definition: A very large family of plants including cereals such as wheat, maize, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 grasbrand
 	English: grass fire
 	English definition: A conflagration in or destroying large areas of any vegetation in the Gramineae family as found in fields, meadows, savannas or other grasslands. (Source: ISEP /  ALL)
 
 grasland
 	English: grassland
 	English definition: Grassland cover nearly one-fifth of the Earth's land surface. They include savannah, the prairies of North America, and the steppes of Russia and Central Asia. Grassland ecosystems support thousands of different species, above and below the ground, and have a vital part to play maintaining the ecological balance of the world. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 grassen
 	English: grass
 	English definition: A very large and widespread family of Monocotyledoneae, with more than 10.000 species, most of which are herbaceous, but a few are woody. The stems are jointed, the long, narrow leaves originating at the nodes. The flowers are inconspicuous, with a much reduced perianth, and are wind-pollinated or cleistogamous. The fruit in single-seeded, usually a caryopsis. Grasses are the most important of all plants for food. (Source: ALL)
 
 grens
 	English: border
 	English definition: The dividing line or frontier between political or geographic regions. (Source: CED)
 
 grens van de algemene noodtoestand
 	English: public emergency limit
 
 grensgebied
 	English: marginal land
 	English definition: Low quality land the value of whose production barely covers its cultivation costs. (Source: PAENS)
 
 grenslaag
 	English: boundary layer
 	English definition: The layer of fluid adjacent to a physical boundary in which the fluid motion is significantly affected by the boundary and has a mean velocity less than the free stream value. (Source: LBC)
 
 grensoverschrijdende vervuiling
 	English: transboundary pollution
 	English definition: Polluted air and water, or any other contaminated waste, that is generated in one country and transmitted to others. (Source: BRACK)
 
 grensoverschrijding
 	English: boundary crossing
 	English definition: Crossing of a state border. (Source: RRDA)
 
 grensvlak tussen het oceaanwater en de lucht
 	English: ocean-air interface
 	English definition: The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 grensvlakspanning
 	English: surface tension
 	English definition: The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface; quantitatively, the force that appears to act across a line of unit length on the surface. Also known as interfacial force; interfacial tension; surface intensity. (Source: MGH)
 
 grenswaarde
 	English: limit value
 	English definition: A workplace exposure criterion or standard that determines if a facility or building has a concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without harmful or adverse effects. (Source: HEG)
 
 grenswaarde
 	English: threshold value
 	English definition: The maximum concentration of a particular substance to which a worker should be exposed in a given period of time. (Source: BRACK)
 
 grind
 	English: gravel
 	English definition: A mixture of rock fragments and pebbles that is coarser than sand. (Source: CED)
 
 grindgroeve
 	English: gravel pit
 	English definition: A place where gravel is dug out of the ground. (Source: CAMB)
 
 grindwinning
 	English: gravel extraction
 	English definition: Obtaining a mixture of coarse sand and small water- worn or pounded stones, (used for paths and roads and as an aggregate) from the earth. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 groenbemester
 	English: green manure
 	English definition: Herbaceous plant material plowed into the soil while still green. (Source: MGH)
 
 groene (door)gang
 	English: green corridor
 	English definition: Avenues along which wide-ranging animals can travel, plants can propagate, genetic interchange can occur, populations can move in response to environmental changes and natural disasters, and threatened species can be replenished from other areas. (Source: WILDLAa)
 
 groene groente
 	English: green vegetable
 	English definition: A vegetable having the edible parts rich in chlorophyll and forming an important source of vitamins and micronutrients. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 groene revolutie
 	English: green revolution
 	English definition: The name given to the widespread development of high-yield strains of wheat, corn and rice during the 1960s and early 1970s. It was more formally known as the Indicative World Plan for Agricultural Development. The revolution came after the Food and Agricultural Organization held the World Food Congress in 1963. A 'Freedom from Hunger' campaign was set up with the goal of increasing food supplies and solving the world's hunger problems. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 groene zoom
 	English: peripheral park area
 	English definition: A zone of the park where scientific research is allowed. Beyond this there is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. (Source: WRIGHTa)
 
 groengordel
 	English: greenbelt
 	English definition: 1) An area of land, not necessarily continuous, near to and sometimes surrounding a large built-up area. The area is kept open by permanent and severe restriction on building. 2) An irrigated, landscaped, and regularly maintained fuelbreak, usually put to some additional use, such as a golf course, park, or playground. 3) A planning designation that mandates the setting aside of otherwise developable lands for the purpose of creating natural or semi-natural open spaces. Greenbelts are usually linear parkways, tracts, or belts of land running through or around urban conurbations.4) An area or zone of open, semi-rural, low-density land surrounding existing major urban areas, but not necessarily continuous. The zone is to be kept open by permanent and severe restrictions on new development. (Source: ALL /  DUNSTE /  GOOD)
 
 groente
 	English: vegetable
 	English definition: Any of various herbaceous plants having parts that are used as food. (Source: CED)
 
 groenteteelt
 	English: vegetable cultivation
 	English definition: Cultivation of herbaceous plants that are used as food. (Source: CEDa)
 
 groenvoorziening
 	English: green space
 	English definition: A plot of vegetated land separating or surrounding areas of intensive residential or industrial use and devoted to recreation or park uses. (Source: LANDY)
 
 groepsgedrag
 	English: group behaviour
 	English definition: An observable pattern of activity displayed by persons in and as an aggregate. (Source: RHW)
 
 groeve; steengroeve
 	English: quarry
 	English definition: An open or surface working or excavation for the extraction of building stone, ore, coal, gravel, or minerals. (Source: MGH)
 
 grondbelasting
 	English: land tax
 	English definition: Property tax. A tax laid upon the legal or beneficial owner of real property, and apportioned upon the assessed value of his land. (Source: WESTS)
 
 gronddruk
 	English: soil loading
 	English definition: In soil mechanics and civil engineering the term is used to denote the increased weight brought to bear on the ground surface. (Source: WHIT)
 
 grondgebied
 	English: territory
 	English definition: An area that an animal or group of animals defends, mainly against members of the same species. (Source: ALL)
 
 grondgebruik
 	English: land use
 	English definition: The term land use deals with the spatial aspects of all human activities on the land and with the way in which the land surface is adapted, or could be adapted, to serve human needs. (Source: GOOD)
 
 grondgebruiksplan
 	English: land use plan
 	English definition: The key element of a comprehensive plan; describes the recommended location and intensity of development for public and private land uses, such as residential, commercial, industrial, recreational and agricultural. (Source: LANDY)
 
 grondgebruiksplanning
 	English: land use planning
 	English definition: The interdisciplinary process of evaluating, organising, and controlling the present and the future development and use of lands and their resources in terms of their suitability on sustained yield basis. Includes an overall ecological evaluation in terms of specific kinds of uses as well as evaluations of social, economic, and physical contexts to the land concerned. (Source: UNUN)
 
 grondgebruiksregime
 	English: land use regime
 	English definition: Relation existing between the landowner and the tenant farmer who cultivates the land. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 grondgebruiksstelsel
 	English: soil use regime
 	English definition: Type of management and utilization of the soil. (Source: GOODa)
 
 grondsoort
 	English: soil type
 	English definition: A phase or subdivision of a soil series based primarily on texture of the surface soil to a depth at least equal to plow depth (about 15 cm). (Source: BJGEO)
 
 grondstof
 	English: raw material
 	English definition: A crude, unprocessed or partially processed material used as feedstock for a processing operation. (Source: MGH)
 
 grondstoffen
 	English: resources
 
 grondstoffen, hulpbronnen
 	English: resources (utilisation of resources)
 
 grondstofverbruik
 	English: raw material consumption
 	English definition: The developed countries depend on a stable supply of raw materials for their industries. Total resource requirements are increasing rapidly over the entire world. In developed countries, although population is increasing slowly, per capita use is increasing rapidly, while the opposite is happening in developing countries. Traditionally raw materials have been classified as non-renewable resources, but a distinction may be important between 'loosable' resources, such as oil and coal, and 'non-loosable' resources, such as metals, which can be used several times over by recycling processes. (Source: WPR)
 
 grondverbetering
 	English: soil improvement
 	English definition: Process of protecting the soil from excessive erosion and making soil more fertile and productive. (Source: LANDY)
 
 grondverharding
 	English: soil stabilisation
 	English definition: Chemical or mechanical treatment designed to increase or maintain the stability of a soil mass or otherwise to improve its engineering properties, as by increasing its shear strength, reducing its compressibility, or decreasing its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 grondwaarde
 	English: land value
 	English definition: The monetary or material worth in commerce or trade of an area of ground considered as property. (Source: RHW)
 
 grondwater
 	English: groundwater
 	English definition: Water that occupies pores and crevices in rock and soil, below the surface and above a layer of impermeable material. It is free to move gravitationally, either downwards towards the impermeable layer or by following a gradient. (Source: ALL)
 
 grondwater; diep grondwater
 	English: soil water
 	English definition: Water stored in soils. (Source: LANDY)
 
 grondwaterbescherming
 	English: groundwater protection
 	English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of fresh water found beneath the earth's surface, usually in aquifers, which supply wells and springs. (Source: RHW / TOE)
 
 grondwaterkwaliteit
 	English: groundwater quality
 	English definition: Groundwater accounts for over 95% of the earth's useable fresh-water resources; over half the world's population depends on groundwater for drinking-water supplies. This invisible resource is vulnerable to pollution and over-exploitation. Effective conservation of groundwater supplies requires the integration of land-use and water management. (Source: GILP96)
 
 grondwaterverontreiniging
 	English: groundwater pollution
 	English definition: Contamination of any water found under the earth's surface by any leaching pollutants, such as inorganic compounds (chlorides, nitrates, heavy metals, etc.), synthetic organic chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.) and pathogens (bacteria, parasites, etc.).
 
 grondwaterwinning
 	English: groundwater extraction
 	English definition: The process, deliberate or inadvertent, of extracting ground water from a source at a rate so in excess of the replenishment that the ground water level declines persistently, threatening exhaustion of the supply or at least a decline of pumping levels to uneconomic depths. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 groot wild
 	English: big game
 	English definition: Large wild animals that weigh typically more than 30 lb when fully grown, hunted for food, sport or profit. (Source: CORBIT /  AMHER)
 
 groothandel
 	English: wholesale trade
 	English definition: The business of selling goods to retailers in larger quantities than they are sold to final consumers but in smaller quantities than they are purchased from manufacturers. (Source: CED)
 
 grote risico
 	English: major risk
 	English definition: The high probability that a given hazard or situation will yield a significant amount of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property , disruption of economic activity or harm to the environment; or any product of the probability of occurrence and the expected magnitude of damage beyond a maximum acceptable level. (Source: TOE / HMD)
 
 grote verbrandingsinstallatie
 	English: large combustion plant
 	English definition: Any sizable building which relies on machinery that converts energy released from the rapid burning of a fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy. (Source: PMA)
 
 haag
 	English: hedge
 	English definition: A line of closely planted bushes or shrubs, marking the boundaries of a field. The type of hedge varies between parts of the country, and its age can be dated from the number of species of tree and shrub present. Over the last thirty years hedge-row removal has had a marked visual effect on lowland agricultural landscapes. From the farmer's point of view, in areas of predominant arable or intensively managed grazing, there is little or no economic justification for retaining hedges. (Source: GOOD)
 
 habitat
 	English: habitat
 	English definition: 1) The locality in which a plant or animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which a specimen is found.2) A physical portion of the environment that is inhabited by an organism or population of organisms. A habitat is characterized by a relative uniformity of the physical environment and fairly close interaction of all the biological species involved. In terms of region, a habitat may comprise a desert, a tropical forest, a prairie field, the Arctic Tundra or the Arctic Ocean. (Source: WRIGHT /  GILP)
 
 hagedissen
 	English: lizard
 	English definition: Any reptile of the suborder Lacertilia, especially those of the family Lacertidae, typically having an elongated body, four limbs, and a small tail: includes the gechos, iguanas, chameleons, monitors, and slow worms. (Source: CED)
 
 hagel
 	English: hail
 	English definition: Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. (Source: MGH)
 
 hakhoutbosje
 	English: coppice
 	English definition: A growth of small trees that are repeatedly cut down at short intervals; the new shoots are produced by the old stumps. (Source: MGH)
 
 halffabricaat
 	English: semimanufactured product
 	English definition: Product that has undergone a partial processing and is used as raw material in a successive productive step. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 halfgeleider
 	English: semiconductor
 	English definition: A solid crystalline material whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator and is usually strongly temperature-dependent. (Source: MGH)
 
 halfmetaal
 	English: semi-metal
 	English definition: An element having some properties characteristic of metals and others of non-metals. Many metalloids give rise to an amphoteric oxide (e.g. arsenic or antimony) and many are semiconductors. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 haloform
 	English: haloform
 	English definition: A haloalkane, containing three halogen atoms, e.g. iodoform, CHI3; a haloform reaction is a reaction to produce haloforms from a ketone. For example, if propanone is treated with bleaching powder, the chlorinated ketone so formed reacts to form chloroform. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 halogeenbevattende verontreinigende stof
 	English: halogenated pollutant
 	English definition: An organic compound bonded with one of the five halogen elements (astatine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine). Several of these compounds contribute to reductions in the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. (Source: OER / ERG)
 
 halogeenbifenyl
 	English: halogenated biphenyl
 	English definition: Halogen derivatives of biphenyl. (Source: MGH)
 
 halogeenfenol
 	English: halogenated phenol
 	English definition: Halogen derivatives of phenol. (Source: MGHa)
 
 halogeenkoolwaterstof
 	English: halogenated hydrocarbon
 	English definition: One of a group of halogen derivatives of organic hydrogen and carbon containing compounds; the group includes monohalogen compounds (alkyl or aryl halides) and polyhalogen compounds that contain the same or different halogen atoms. (Source: MGH)
 
 halogeenterphenyl
 	English: halogenated terphenyl
 
 halogeenverbinding
 	English: halogenated compound
 	English definition: A substance containing halogen atoms. (Source: MGHa)
 
 halveringstijd
 	English: half-life
 	English definition: The time required for one-half the atoms of a given amount of radioactive material to undergo radioactive decay. (Source: KOREN)
 
 handel
 	English: trade (services)
 	English definition: The act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries. (Source: RHW)
 
 handel (economisch)
 	English: trade (economic)
 	English definition: The act or the business of buying and selling for money. Mercantile or commercial business in general or the buying and selling, or exchanging, of commodities, either by wholesale or retail within a country or between countries. (Source: WESTS)
 
 handel en verbruik
 	English: trade and consumption
 	English definition: The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities and the use of goods and services. (Source: ISEP)
 
 handel in planten
 	English: plant trade
 	English definition: Trade of plants is subjected to regulations established by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). (Source: DUNSTEa)
 
 handel, diensten
 	English: trade, services
 
 handel, diensten
 	English: trade, services
 
 handelsactiviteit
 	English: trade activity
 
 handelsbarriere
 	English: trade barrier
 	English definition: An artificial restraint on the free exchange of goods and services between nations. The most common types of trade barriers are tariffs, quotas, and exchange control. Such obstacles to trade are usually imposed by a country that wishes to protect domestic products in their home market against foreign competition, better its terms of trade, reduce domestic unemployment, or improve its balance-of-payments position. The raising of trade barriers by one country often provokes other nations position. Generally, the effect of a trade barrier is to reduce the volume of trade while increasing the domestic price of the protected good. Thus, it results in a relatively inefficient allocation of world resources and reduces the level of total world income and production. (Source: GREENW)
 
 handelsbeleid
 	English: trade policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which promotes or determines the direction for the act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services within a country or between countries. (Source: RHW)
 
 handelsbeperking
 	English: trade restriction
 	English definition: Commercial discrimination that apply to the exports of certain countries but not to similar goods from other countries. (Source: USIA)
 
 handelsrecht
 	English: commercial law
 	English definition: The whole body of substantive jurisprudence applicable to the rights, intercourse and relations of persons engaged in commerce, trade or mercantile pursuits. (Source: BLACK)
 
 handelsrelaties
 	English: trade relations
 
 handelsverrichting
 	English: commercial transaction
 	English definition: The conduct or carrying on of trade, business or a financial matter to a conclusion or settlement. (Source: RHW)
 
 handenarbeid
 	English: handicraft
 	English definition: A particular skill performed with the hands. (Source: CED)
 
 handhaven
 	English: preserve
 
 handhaving
 	English: enforcement
 	English definition: The execution, carrying out or putting into effect an order, regulation, law or official decree. (Source: BLD)
 
 handhaving van de vrede
 	English: peacekeeping
 	English definition: The activities to prevent, contain, moderate and/or terminate the hostilities between or within States, through the medium of an impartial third party intervention, organised and directed internationally. This intervention isconducted using military forces, police and civilians with the consent of the main belligerents, to complement the diplomatic conflict resolution process and, to restore and maintain peace. (Source: VCDS)
 
 handhaving van de waterstanden
 	English: water table protection
 	English definition: Water table is inherently susceptible to contamination from landuse activities. Remediation is very expensive and often impractical. Prevention of contamination is therefore critical in effective groundwater management. (Source: TECHBA)
 
 handhaving van het milieurecht
 	English: environmental law enforcement
 	English definition: Any variety of activities associated with promoting compliance and obedience to those binding rules of a state that have been promulgated to safeguard ecological integrity, preserve natural resources and protect human health. (Source: BLD / TOE)
 
 handvest
 	English: chart (act)
 	English definition: A formal written record of transactions, proceedings, etc., as of a society, committee, or legislative body. (Source: CED)
 
 handvest van de  stadsecologie
 	English: urban ecology charter
 	English definition: A graphic representation of a city area or other densely populated region, portraying the location of groups or select types of people in their environment through various geographic techniques. (Source: SOC / RHW)
 
 hardheid
 	English: hardness
 	English definition: Resistance of a solid to indentation, scratching, abrasion or cutting. (Source: MGH)
 
 harmonisatie van wetten
 	English: harmonisation of law
 	English definition: The process by which two or more states, sometimes under the auspices of an interstate or international organization, change their legislation relevant to some area of common concern to conform their statutes and to facilitate compliance and enforcement across borders. (Source: GT2)
 
 hars
 	English: resin
 	English definition: Any of a class of solid or semisolid organic products of natural or synthetic origin with no definite melting point, generally of high molecular weight; most resins are polymers. (Source: MGH)
 
 harshoudende plant
 	English: resinous plant
 	English definition: Plants yielding or producing resin. (Source: CED)
 
 hart en bloedvaten
 	English: cardiovascular system
 	English definition: Those structures, including the heart and blood vessels, which provide channels for the flow of blood. (Source: MGH)
 
 hart- en vaatziekten
 	English: cardiovascular disease
 
 haven
 	English: harbour
 	English definition: Area of water next to the coast, often surrounded by thick walls, where ships and boats can be sheltered. (Source: CAMB)
 
 HCFK
 	English: partially halogenated chlorofluorohydrocarbon
 	English definition: Hydrocarbons whose hydrogen atoms have been partially substituted with chlorine and fluorine. They are used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because they are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone. (Source: LANDY)
 
 heester(gewas)
 	English: shrub
 	English definition: A woody perennial plant, smaller than a tree, with several major branches arising from near the base of the main stem. (Source: CED)
 
 heffing
 	English: levy
 	English definition: A ratable portion of the produce of the property and labor of the individual citizens, taken by the nation, in the exercise of its sovereign rights, for the support of government, for the administration of the laws, and as the means for continuing in operation the various legitimate functions of the state. (Source: WESTS)
 
 heffing op geluidsemissie
 	English: noise emission levy
 	English definition: A mandatory sum of money levied by government upon producers of disturbing, harmful or unwanted sounds, frequently in the transportation or construction industries, to encourage reduction of sound levels. (Source: Landy)
 
 heffingsonderscheid
 	English: tax differentiation
 
 heide
 	English: heathland
 	English definition: An area with poor acid soil, typically dominated by ling (Calluna) or heaths (Erica). (Source: ALL)
 
 heide
 	English: moor
 	English definition: A tract of unenclosed waste ground, usually covered with heather, coarse grass, bracken, and moss. (Source: CED)
 
 helderheid
 	English: luminosity
 	English definition: The functional relationship between stellar magnitude and the number and distribution of stars of each magnitude interval. Also known as relative luminosity factor. (Source: UVAROV /  MGH)
 
 helling
 	English: slope
 	English definition: The inclined surface of any part of the Earth's surface, as a hillslope; also, a broad part of a continent descending toward an ocean, as the Pacific slope. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 hengelsport
 	English: angling
 	English definition: The art or sport of catching fish with a rod and line and a baited hook or other lure, such as a fly. (Source: CED)
 
 herbebossing
 	English: reforestation
 	English definition: The planting of trees in forest areas which have been cleared. Reforestation has become increasingly important for preventing or reversing environmental degradation and for helping to maximize economic returns on commercially forested lands. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 herbegroeiing
 	English: revegetation
 	English definition: Planting of new trees and, particularly, of native plants in disturbed sites where the vegetation cover has been destroyed, to stabilize the land surface from wind and water erosion and to reclame the land for other uses. Revegetation practices are employed in mined lands, roadsides, parks, wetlands, utility corridors, riparian areas, etc. (Source: REVEGa /  CORBIT)
 
 herbicide
 	English: herbicide
 	English definition: A chemical that controls or destroys undesirable plants. (Source: LANDY)
 
 herbruikbaarheid
 	English: recyclability
 	English definition: Characteristic of materials that still have useful physical or chemical properties after serving their original purpose and that can, therefore, be reused or remanufactured into additional products. (Source: LEE)
 
 hercirculatie van gas
 	English: vapour recovery system
 	English definition: Gas feedback device: while refuelling gasoline vapors are sucked off and led back again into the storage tank. (Source: WASCH)
 
 hergebruik
 	English: recycling
 	English definition: A resource recovery method involving the collection and treatment of a waste product for use as raw material in the manufacture of the same or a similar product. (Source: LANDY)
 
 hergebruik van afval
 	English: waste reclamation
 	English definition: The process of collecting and separating wastes in preparation for reuse. (Source: GSW)
 
 hergebruik van afval
 	English: waste recovery
 	English definition: The process of obtaining materials or energy resources from waste. (Source: EED)
 
 hergebruik van materialen
 	English: reuse of materials
 	English definition: Any re-utilization of products or components, in original form, such as when used glass bottles are sterilized and refilled for resale. (Source: TOE)
 
 hergebruik van resten
 	English: residue recycling
 	English definition: Recycling of material or energy which is left over or wasted in industrial processes and other human activities. Examples include waste heat and gaseous pollutants from electricity generation, slag from metal-ore refining, and garbage. A residual becomes an output or input when a technological advance creates economic opportunities for the waste. (Source: GILP96)
 
 hergebruik van water
 	English: water reuse
 	English definition: Use of process wastewater or treatment facility effluent in a different manufacturing process. (Source: LEE)
 
 hergebruikbare verpakking
 	English: reusable container
 	English definition: Any container which has been conceived and designed to accomplish within its life cycle a minimum number of trips or rotations in order to be refilled or reused for the same purpose for which it was conceived. (Source: PORT)
 
 hergebruikt materiaal
 	English: recycled material
 	English definition: Waste materials that are transformed into new products in such a manner that the original products may lose their identity. (Source: LANDY)
 
 hergebruikverhouding
 	English: recycling ratio
 
 herhuisvesting
 	English: rehousing
 	English definition: To provide with new or different housing. (Source: RRDA)
 
 herintroductie van een plantensoort
 	English: plant species reintroduction
 	English definition: Reintroducing wild plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. (Source: SCIFRI /  RAMADE)
 
 herinvoering
 	English: reintroduction
 	English definition: Reintroduction of exterminated species in an area; it is bound to fail if the chosen animal became extinct in the area too long ago and if the area itself has undergone too many changes. Reintroduction needs years of careful planning - the approval of local population, technical conditions of the release, feeding system, protection and breeding control - and even then some unexpected problems may arise. (Source: WPR)
 
 herinvoering van diersoorten
 	English: animal species reintroduction
 	English definition: Attempts made to prevent the extinction of threatened species and populations by reintroducing them in their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. (Source: RBGKEWa /  RAMADE)
 
 herinvoering van soorten
 	English: species reintroduction
 	English definition: Reintroducing wild animal and plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. (Source: SCIFRI /  RAMADE)
 
 hernieuwbare energiebron
 	English: renewable energy source
 	English definition: Energy sources that do not rely on fuels of which there are only finite stocks. The most widely used renewable source is hydroelectric power; other renewable sources are biomass energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy, and wind energy; biomass energy does not avoid the danger of the greenhouse effect. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 hernieuwbare grondstof
 	English: renewable raw material
 	English definition: Resources that have a natural rate of availability and yield a continual flow of services which may be consumed in any time period without endangering future consumption possibilities as long as current use does not exceed net renewal during the period under consideration. (Source: WHIT)
 
 hernieuwbare natuurlijke hulpbronnen
 	English: renewable resource
 	English definition: Resources capable of being continuously renewed or replaced through such processes as organic reproduction and cultivation such as those practiced in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries. (Source: LANDY)
 
 hernieuwing
 	English: renovation
 	English definition: The process of restoring something to good condition, through corrective maintenance or repairs. (Source: RHW)
 
 herstel
 	English: recovery
 	English definition: The act or process of restoring something to an original or formal condition, of claiming back a possession, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 herstel
 	English: regeneration
 	English definition: The renewing or reuse of materials such as activated carbon, single ion exchange resins, and filter beds by appropriate means to remove organics, metals, solids, etc. (Source: LEE)
 
 herstel
 	English: rehabilitation
 	English definition: A conservation measure involving the correction of past abuses that have impaired the productivity of the resources base. (Source: MGH)
 
 herstel
 	English: restoration
 	English definition: The process of renewing or returning something to its original, normal or unimpaired condition, particularly works of art, cultural artifacts, furniture or buildings. (Source: RHW)
 
 herstel van de waterkwaliteit
 	English: restoration of water
 	English definition: Any treatment process in which contaminated water is cleansed or corrected, particularly by use of a pump-and-treat approach. (Source: OSW / GHT)
 
 herstel van in het wild levende planten en dieren
 	English: fauna restoration
 	English definition: The process of returning wildlife ecosystems and habitats to their original conditions. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 herstel van oude installaties
 	English: retrofitting of old plants
 	English definition: Making changes to old industrial plants installing new equipment's and facilities for the disposal of gas emissions in the atmosphere, of waste water and waste material in soil and water. (Source: RRDA)
 
 herstellen
 	English: redress
 	English definition: An administrative or legal remedy that attempts to restore a person to his or her original or expected position prior to loss or injury, including breach of contract. (Source: BLD)
 
 herstelling van een installatie
 	English: installation restoration
 	English definition: The process of repairing or reconstructing an edifice in order to return it to its original condition. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 herstellingsbedrijf
 	English: repair business
 	English definition: Any commercial activity, position or site that involves work in restoring or fixing some material thing or structure, such as by replacing parts or putting together something torn, broken or detached. (Source: RHW)
 
 herstelmaatregel
 	English: restoration measure
 	English definition: Procedure or course of action taken to reestablish or bring back to state of environmental or ecological health. (Source: RHW)
 
 herstelplan
 	English: recovery plan
 	English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the restoration of natural resources or the reuse of materials and objects. (Source: OED)
 
 hert
 	English: deer
 	English definition: The common name for 41 species of even-toed ungulates that compose the family Cervidae in the order Artiodactyla; males have antlers. (Source: MGH)
 
 herwerking
 	English: reprocessing
 	English definition: Restoration of contaminated nuclear fuel to a usable condition. (Source: MGH)
 
 het  vervuiler betaalt-principe
 	English: polluter-pays principle
 	English definition: The principle that those causing pollution should meet the costs to which it gives rise. (Source: BRACK)
 
 het (ver)smelten
 	English: melting
 	English definition: A change of the state of a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase. Also known as fusion. (Source: MGH)
 
 het aanbrengen van nieuwe onderdelen [in oudere modellen]
 	English: retrofitting
 	English definition: 1) Addition of a pollution control device on an existing facility without making major changes to the generating plant.2) Providing a jet, an automobile, a computer, or a factory, for example, with parts, devices or equipment not in existence or available at the time of original manufacture. (Source: TOE /  AMHER)
 
 het balanceren [proces]
 	English: balancing (process)
 	English definition: The act of determining the difference between total receipts and expenditure in any account, or settling by paying what remains due on an account. (Source: ODE / RHW)
 
 het behandelen van drinkwater
 	English: drinking water treatment
 	English definition: The Directive on the Quality of Surface Water Intended for Drinking Water defines three categories of water treatment (A1, A2, A3) from simple physical treatment and disinfection to intensive physical and chemical treatment. The treatment to be used depends on the quality of the water abstracted. The Directive uses imperative values for parameters known to have an adverse effect on health and also guide values for those which are less adverse. There is also a directive which complements the 'surface water abstraction' Directive by indicating the methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis required. (Source: PORT)
 
 het bewaren van bewijsmateriaal
 	English: preservation of evidence
 	English definition: To maintain and keep safe from harm, destruction or decay any species of proof legally presented at the trial of an issue, including witnesses, records, documents, exhibits and concrete objects. (Source: BLD)
 
 het bewustzijn van de burger
 	English: citizen awareness
 	English definition: State of citizens of being aware of their civic obligations. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 het bouwen
 	English: construction work
 	English definition: The construction, rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, extension, demolition or repair of buildings, highways, or other changes or improvement to real property, including facilities providing utility services. The term also includes the supervision, inspection, and other on-site functions incidental to the actual construction. (Source: LEE)
 
 het bouwrijp maken van een terrein
 	English: building site preparation
 
 het chemisch meten van vervuiling
 	English: chemical measurement of pollution
 	English definition: The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment by studying the actions or reactions of known chemicals to those pollutants. (Source: APD / RHW)
 
 het controleren van gegevens
 	English: monitoring data
 
 het dateren
 	English: dating
 	English definition: Any of several techniques such as radioactive dating, dendrochronology, or varve dating, for establishing the age of rocks, palaeontological or archaeological specimens, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 het effect op de gezondheid
 	English: effect on health
 
 het effect op de mens
 	English: effect on man
 
 het effect op het milieu
 	English: effect on the environment
 	English definition: Resultant of natural or manmade perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment. (Source: LANDY)
 
 het ijken van meettoestellen
 	English: calibration of measuring equipment
 	English definition: The determination or rectification of, according to an accepted standard, the graduation of any instrument giving quantitative measurements. (Source: APD / RHW)
 
 het in gevaar brengen van het grondwater
 	English: groundwater endangering
 	English definition: Threat to the quality and quantity of groundwater by activities related to the use of land. As some activities (e.g. landfill) present a particular risk of pollution, the closer an activity is to a well or borehole, the greater the risk of the pumped water being polluted. The type of soil, the geology, the rainfall and the amount of water pumped out of the ground must all be taken into consideration. (Source: PORTa)
 
 het in kaart brengen van korstmossen
 	English: mapping of lichens
 	English definition: Maps of lichens distribution indicating air quality. Fruticose lichens (with branched structures well above the surface) are more susceptible to SO2 damage than foliose lichens (whose leaflike thallus lies nearly flat on surface) and both in turn are more susceptible than crustose lichens (which embed their tissue in the cracks of bark, soil, or rocks). The use of morphological lichen types as indicators of air pollution concentrations is well developed. (Source: WESTM)
 
 het in klemmen vangen
 	English: trapping
 	English definition: To catch an animal in a mechanical device or enclosed place or pit. (Source: CED)
 
 het indexeren van informatie
 	English: indexing of documentation
 	English definition: A service which creates a special contents list, containing titles, authors, abstracts, subject headings and other information, to describe a large number of publications and to be used in searchable, machine-readable (or printed) look-up tables. (Source: RHW)
 
 het inschatten van het effect van iets
 	English: impact assessment
 	English definition: Evaluation of the effect of a project upon the environment. (Source: PHC)
 
 het invoeren van diersoorten
 	English: introduction of animal species
 	English definition: Animals which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species, depending on their interspecific relationships and characteristics, may act as or carry parasites or diseases, prey upon native organisms, display toxic reactions, or be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. (Source: WPR)
 
 het invoeren van plantensoorten
 	English: introduction of plant species
 	English definition: Plants which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. Some may become a nuisance through sheer overabundance. They may become liable to rapid genetic changes in their new environment. Many harmful introductions have been made by persons unqualified to anticipate the often complex ecological interaction which may ensue. On the other hand many plants introduced into modified or degraded environments may be more useful than native species in controlling erosion or in performing other positive functions. (Source: WPR)
 
 het kankerverwekkend zijn
 	English: carcinogenicity
 	English definition: The ability or tendency of a substance or physical agent to cause or produce cancer. (Source: CONFER)
 
 het kappen van kreupelhout
 	English: bush clearing
 	English definition: The removal of brush using mechanical means, either by cutting manually or by using machinery for crushing, rolling, flailing, or chipping it, or by chemical means or a combination of these. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 het klonen
 	English: cloning
 	English definition: The production of genetically identical individuals from a single parent. Cloning plants usually involves plant cell culture. Cloning animals is more difficult and relays on some manipulation of their normal reproductive cycle. A clone is a group of organisms of identical genetic constitution, unless mutation occurs, produced from a single individual by asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis or apomixis. (Source: BIOTAZ)
 
 het kristalliseren
 	English: crystallisation
 	English definition: The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (Source: MGH)
 
 het leeg laten lopen van een(water)bekken
 	English: dam draining
 	English definition: The drawing of water from a reservoir by means of draining pipes located at the bottom of the basin and controlled by a system of sluices which ensure, if necessary, the emptying of the basin in a given period of time in respect of downstream conditions. (Source: MANCOS)
 
 het minimaliseren van de effecten van iets
 	English: impact minimisation
 	English definition: Actions, procedures or installations undertaken to reduce the extent or degree of negative effects on human health and the ecosystem introduced by human design or interaction with the environment. (Source: OED)
 
 het ongedaan maken van de effecten van iets
 	English: impact reversal
 	English definition: The counteracting or undoing of negative effects or influences on the environment. (Source: OED)
 
 het ontzwaveling van brandstof
 	English: desulphurisation of fuel
 	English definition: Removal of sulfur from fossil fuels (or removal of sulfur dioxide from combustion fuel gases) to reduce pollution. (Source: LEE)
 
 het oplossen van milieuproblemen
 	English: environmental problem solving
 	English definition: The activity of finding solutions for troublesome or perplexing situations involving ecological or natural resources. (Source: OED)
 
 het opnieuw vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant remobilisation
 
 het opruimen van oorlogsmaterieel
 	English: disposal of warfare materials
 	English definition: Disposal of the material remnants of war, which can seriously impede development and cause injuries and the loss of lives and property. The disposal of warfare waste is problematic because it can be highly dangerous, toxic, long-living and requires the utilization of specific and sophisticated technologies, particularly in the case of mines and unexploded bombs which have been left on the war territories. (Source: WPR)
 
 het opstellen van economische prognoses
 	English: economic forecasting
 	English definition: The production of estimates of future financial and commercial trends, based on econometric models or surveys. (Source: ODE)
 
 het per ongeluk vrijkomen van organismen
 	English: accidental release of organisms
 	English definition: Genetically engineered organisms that are released in the environment by mistake; once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce a form with hazardous consequences for the environment. (Source: WPRa)
 
 het raffineren van kolen
 	English: coal refining
 	English definition: The processing of coal to remove impurities. (Source: PHCa)
 
 het regelen van hergebruik
 	English: life-cycle management
 	English definition: Management of all the stages involved in the life of a product such as raw materials acquisition, manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management, in order to create less environmentally harmful products. (Source: PORT)
 
 het slachten van dieren
 	English: slaughtering of animals
 	English definition: Killing of animals for food. (Source: PHC)
 
 het stellen van doelen
 	English: target setting
 	English definition: Establishing or determining environmental goals or objectives. (Source: RHW)
 
 het toekennen van een milieukeur(merk)
 	English: ecolabelling
 	English definition: The European Community's initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. It was hoped that by buying labelled goods, consumers would be able to put pressure on manufacturers and retailers both to make and to stock 'greener' products. This includes the effects they have on the environment at all stages. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 het uitlenen van documenten
 	English: document lending
 	English definition: The service provided by a library in which the library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials outside the library. (Source: RHW)
 
 het uitsterven
 	English: extinction (ecological)
 	English definition: 1) The complete disappearance of a species of plant or animal from the planet.2) Disappearing of animals and plants from the biota. (Source: WRIGHT /  GREMES)
 
 het verloren gaan van biotopen
 	English: loss of biotope
 	English definition: Destruction of biotopes produced by environmental degradation which in turn is caused by air- or water-borne pollution. (Source: WPR)
 
 het vervuiler-betaalt-principe
 	English: community-pays principle
 	English definition: A tenet of environmental policy, according to which the costs of ecological challenges, environmental quality improvements and the removal of environmental hazards are allotted to community groups or local corporations and, thereby, to the general public. (Source: GAB)
 
 het verweiden van de kudde
 	English: transhumance
 	English definition: The seasonal migration of livestock to suitable grazing grounds. (Source: CED)
 
 het verzamelen van bewijzen
 	English: taking of evidence
 	English definition: In criminal law and torts, the act of laying hold upon an evidence, with or without removing the same.
 
 het vissen
 	English: fishing
 	English definition: The attempt to catch fish or other aquatic animal with a hook or with nets, traps, etc. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 het vloeibaar maken
 	English: fluidisation
 	English definition: A roasting process in which finely divided solids are suspended in a rising current of air (or other fluid), producing a fluidized bed; used in the calcination of various materials, in the coal industry, etc. (Source: MGH)
 
 het voeren van dieren
 	English: feeding of animals
 	English definition: The act and effect of supplying animals with food. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 het vol laten lopen van een spaarbekken
 	English: silting up
 	English definition: The filling or partial filling with silt of a reservoir that receives fine-grained sediment brought in by streams and surface runoff. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 het voorkomen van de effecten van iets
 	English: impact prevention
 	English definition: Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert negative effects on the environment. (Source: TOE)
 
 het voorkomen van gevaar
 	English: anticipation of danger
 	English definition: The act of foreseeing, expecting and taking measures against possible future exposure to harm, death or a thing that causes these. (Source: ISEP)
 
 het vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant mobilisation
 
 het vuren
 	English: firing
 	English definition: The process of applying fire or heat, as in the hardening or glazing of ceramics. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 het wegruimen van slib
 	English: clearing sludge
 
 het zweten
 	English: transpiration
 	English definition: The loss of water vapour from a plant, mainly through the stomata and to a small extent through the cuticle and lenticels. Transpiration results in a stream of water, carrying dissolved minerals salts, flowing upwards through the xylem. (Source: ALL)
 
 heterocyclische verbinding
 	English: heterocyclic compound
 	English definition: Compound in which the ring structure is a combination of more than one kind of atom. (Source: MGH)
 
 heuvel
 	English: hill
 	English definition: A natural elevation of the land surface, rising rather prominently above the surrounding land, usually of limited extent and having a well-defined outline, rounded rather than peaked or rugged, with no specific definition of absolute elevation. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 hinder
 	English: nuisance
 	English definition: Anything that affects or prejudices health. (Source: GILP96)
 
 hoefdieren
 	English: ungulate
 	English definition: Hoofed mammals, including the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. (Source: ALL)
 
 hoenderachtigen
 	English: gallinacean
 	English definition: The order of birds that includes grouse, ptarmigan, capercaillie, partridges, pheasants, quails, turkeys and peacocks. These are mainly grain-eating, heavy-bodied, ground-nesting birds, capable of only short, rapid flights. The cocks are usually more colourful than the hens. (Source: ALL)
 
 hoeveelheid afval
 	English: waste volume
 	English definition: The total amount of refuse or unusable material produced at any source. (Source: RHW)
 
 hoeveelheid vervuiling dat een land kan verdragen
 	English: land carrying capacity
 	English definition: The maximum extent to which ground or soil area may be exploited without degradation or depletion. (Source: ALL)
 
 hof
 	English: court
 	English definition: An organ of the government, belonging to the judicial department, whose function is the application of the laws to controversies brought before it and the public administration of justice. The presence of a sufficient number of the members of such a body regularly convened in an authorized place at an appointed time, engaged in the full and regular performance of its functions. A body in the government to which the administration of justice is delegated. A body organized to administer justice, and including both judge and jury. An incorporeal, political being, composed of one or more judges, who sit at fixed times and places, attended by proper officers, pursuant to lawful authority, for the administration of justice. An organized body with defined powers, meeting at certain times and places for the hearing and decision of causes and other matters brought before it, and aided in this, its proper business, by its proper officers, attorneys and counsel to present and manage the business, clerks to record and attest its acts and decisions, and ministerial officers to execute its commands, and secure due order in its proceedings. (Source: WESTS)
 
 hoge berg
 	English: high mountain
 
 hoge zuurtegraad
 	English: strong acidity
 	English definition: High degree of ionization of an acid in water solution. (Source: KORENa)
 
 hogedrukapparatuur
 	English: pressure equipment
 	English definition: Equipment operating with an internal pressure greater than atmospheric. (Source: RRDA)
 
 hoger onderwijs
 	English: higher education
 	English definition: Study beyond secondary school at an institution that offers programs terminating in undergraduate and graduate degrees. (Source: COE)
 
 hogesnelheids(spoor)lijn
 	English: high-speed railway
 	English definition: The term 'high-speed traffic' encompasses all trains running at speeds over 200 km/h but also trains running at 200 km/h if the terrain, population density or economic reasons do not justify higher speeds. (Source: EJRCF)
 
 hogesnelheidstrein
 	English: high-speed train
 	English definition: Trains travelling at maximum speeds of 300kmh on special high-speed rail lines. (Source: RRDA)
 
 hol
 	English: cave
 	English definition: 1) An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines.2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves.3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution. (Source: CED /  WHIT /  BJGEO)
 
 holtedieren
 	English: coelenterate
 	English definition: Animals that have a single body cavity (the coelenteron). The name was formerly given to a phylum comprising the Cnidaria and Ctenophora, but these are now regarded as phyla in their own right, and the name Coelenterata has fallen from use, although it is sometimes used as a synonym for Cnidaria. (Source: ALL)
 
 homepage
 	English: homepage
 	English definition: The preset document that is displayed after starting a World Wide Web browser, or the main World Wide Web document in a series of related documents. (Source: UNM / WIC)
 
 hond
 	English: dog
 	English definition: A common four-legged animal, especially kept by people as a pet or to hunt or guard things. (Source: CAMB)
 
 hondachtige
 	English: canid
 	English definition: Carnivorous mammal in the superfamily Canoidea, including dogs and their allies. (Source: MGH)
 
 hongersnood
 	English: famine
 	English definition: A severe shortage of food, as through crop failure or over population. It may be due to poor harvests following drought, floods, earthquake, war, social conflict, etc. (Source: CED /  GUNN)
 
 honorarium
 	English: fee
 	English definition: A charge fixed by law for services of public officers or for use of a privilege under control of government. (Source: WESTS)
 
 hoofdweg
 	English: trunk road
 	English definition: A main road, especially one that is suitable for heavy vehicles. (Source: CED)
 
 hoogbouw
 	English: high-rise building
 	English definition: Any tall, multistoried structure or edifice that is equipped with elevators. (Source: RHW)
 
 hoogrisico-installatie
 	English: major risk installation
 	English definition: Installations whose functioning involves the possibility of major hazards such as chemical plants, nuclear, coal and oil power production plants, etc. (Source: WPRa)
 
 hoogspanningsleiding
 	English: high voltage line
 	English definition: An electric line with a voltage on the order of thousands of volts. (Source: MGH)
 
 hoogstammig bos
 	English: timber forest
 	English definition: Forest whose trees are all in the adult stage and have reached the reproductive period. (Source: RAMADE)
 
 hoogte
 	English: altitude
 	English definition: 1) In general, a term used to describe a topographic eminence. 2) A specific altitude or height above a given level. 3) In surveying, the term refers to the angle between the horizontal and a point at a higher level. (Source: WHIT)
 
 hoogwater
 	English: high tide water
 	English definition: The level of water when the tide is at its highest level. (Source: CED)
 
 hoorzitting
 	English: hearing procedure
 	English definition: Any prescribed course or mode of action governing the preliminary examination by a magistrate of basic evidence and charges to determine whether criminal proceedings, a trial or other judicial actions are justified. (Source: RHW)
 
 horizonvervuiling
 	English: skyline destruction
 
 hormonenleer
 	English: endocrinology
 	English definition: The study of the endocrine glands and the hormones that they synthesize and secrete. (Source: MGH)
 
 hotelsector
 	English: hotel industry
 	English definition: The industry related with the provision of lodging and usually meals and other services for travelers and other paying guests. (Source: AMHER)
 
 houder zonder statiegeld
 	English: non-returnable container
 	English definition: Any container for which no specific provisions for its return from the consumer or final use has been established. (Source: PORT)
 
 hout als brandstof
 	English: fuel wood
 	English definition: Wood used for heating. (Source: RRDA)
 
 houtafval
 	English: wood waste
 	English definition: Waste which is left over after the processing of raw timber. (Source: ISEP)
 
 houtbescherming
 	English: wood preservation
 	English definition: The use of chemicals to prevent or retard the decay of wood, especially by fungi or insects; widely used preservatives include creosote, pitch, sodium fluoride and tar; especially used on wood having contact with the ground. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 houtindustrie
 	English: timber industry
 	English definition: Industry related with timber harvesting and processing. (Source: RRDA)
 
 houtproduct
 	English: wood product
 
 houtproductieketen
 	English: timber producing chain
 	English definition: All interrelated steps of the lumber manufacturing process including tree felling, the removal of tops, branches and bark, the piling and sawing of logs, and the transportation and loading of finished boards or other products. (Source: TIM)
 
 houtskool
 	English: charcoal
 	English definition: A porous solid product containing 85-98% carbon and produced by heating carbonaceous materials such as cellulose, wood or peat at 500-600 Cdeg in the absence of air. (Source: MGH)
 
 huid
 	English: skin
 	English definition: The tissue forming the outer covering of the vertebrate body: it consists of two layers, the outermost of which may be covered with hair, scales, feathers, etc. It is mainly protective and sensory in function. (Source: CED)
 
 huisbrandolie
 	English: domestic fuel oil
 	English definition: Liquid petroleum product used in domestic heaters. (Source: CED)
 
 huisbrandstof
 	English: domestic fuel
 	English definition: Fuels obtained from different sources that are used for domestic heating. (Source: RRDA)
 
 huisdier
 	English: domesticated animal
 	English definition: 1) Wild animal which has been trained to live near a house and not be frightened of human beings; 2) species which was formerly wild, now selectively bred to fill human needs. (Source: PHC)
 
 huisdier
 	English: pet
 	English definition: An animal which is kept in the home as a companion and treated affectionately. (Source: CAMB)
 
 huishoudchemicalien
 	English: household chemical
 
 huishoudelijk afval
 	English: domestic waste
 	English definition: Waste generated by residential households and comprised of any material no longer wanted or needed. (Source: EED)
 
 huishoudelijk afvalwater
 	English: domestic waste water
 	English definition: Wastewater principally derived from households, business buildings, institutions, etc., which may or may not contain surface runoff, groundwater or storm water. (Source: WWC)
 
 huishoudelijk apparaat
 	English: domestic appliance
 	English definition: A machine or device, especially an electrical one used domestically. (Source: CED)
 
 huishoudelijk lawaai
 	English: domestic noise
 	English definition: Noise caused by domestic facilities and activities. (Source: RRDA)
 
 huishoudelijke artikelen
 	English: household goods
 	English definition: Goods needed for living in a household.
 
 huishoudelijke uitgaven
 	English: household expenditure
 	English definition: Any spending done by a person living alone or by a group of people living together in shared accommodation and with common domestic expenses. (Source: ODE)
 
 huishoudelijke vervuiling
 	English: domestic pollution
 
 huishouden
 	English: household
 	English definition: A group of persons sharing a home or living space, who aggregate and share their incomes, as evidenced by the fact that they regularly take meals together. (Source: SOCIOL)
 
 huisvesting
 	English: housing
 	English definition: 1) Dwelling-houses collectively and the provision of these.2) Shelter, lodging.
 
 huisvestingsfinanciering
 	English: housing finance
 
 huisvestingsprogramma
 	English: housing programme
 	English definition: A planned system of projects, services or activities intended to support individuals or families in need of shelter, including transitional or permanent housing and safe havens for low-income, elderly or homeless populations. (Source: HUD)
 
 huisvuilstortplaats
 	English: domestic waste landfill
 	English definition: Site for the disposal of wastes arising from domestic activities. (Source: RRDA)
 
 hulp(verlening) bij rampen
 	English: disaster relief
 	English definition: Money, food or other assistance provided for those surviving a sudden, calamitous event causing loss of life, damage or hardship. (Source: RHW)
 
 hulpbeleid
 	English: aid policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization that promotes or determines the allocation of assistance, support or relief, often from one country to another. (Source: ODE)
 
 hulpstukken
 	English: fitting (plumbing)
 	English definition: Plumbing equipment in a building. (Source: RRDA)
 
 humanitaire hulp
 	English: humanitarian aid
 	English definition: The support or relief given to save human lives or to alleviate suffering, including public health efforts and the provision of financial resources and food, often when governmental authorities are unable or unwilling to provide for such assistance. (Source: RHW / DPG)
 
 humus
 	English: humus
 	English definition: The more or less decomposed organic matter in the soil. Besides being the source of most of the mineral salts needed by plants, humus improves the texture of the soil and holds water, so reducing the loss of nutrients by leaching. (Source: ALL)
 
 huur
 	English: lease
 	English definition: Any agreement which gives rise to relationship of landlord and tenant (real property) or lessor and lessee (real or personal property). Contract for exclusive possession of lands or tenements for determinate period. Contract for possession and profits of lands and tenements either for life, or for certain period of time, or during the pleasure of the parties. (Source: WESTS)
 
 hydraulica
 	English: hydraulics
 	English definition: The branch of science and technology concerned with the mechanics of fluids, especially liquids. (Source: MGH)
 
 hydrobiologie
 	English: hydrobiology
 	English definition: Study of organisms living in water. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 hydrocultuur
 	English: hydroculture
 	English definition: Growing plants without soil but in sand or vermiculite or other granular material, using a liquid solution of nutrients to feed them. (Source: PHC)
 
 hydrogeologie
 	English: hydrogeology
 	English definition: The science dealing with the occurrence of surface and ground water, its utilization, and its functions in modifying the earth, primarily by erosion and deposition. (Source: MGH)
 
 hydrografie
 	English: hydrography
 	English definition: Science which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of the oceans, lakes, rivers, and their adjoining coastal areas, with particular reference to their control and utilization. (Source: MGH)
 
 hydrografisch bekken
 	English: hydrographic basin
 	English definition: 1) The drainage basin of a stream. 2) An area occupied by a lake and its drainage basin. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 hydrografisch netwerk
 	English: hydrographic network
 	English definition: The configuration or arrangement in plan view of the natural stream courses in an area. It is related to local geologic and geomorphologic features and history. Synonym: drainage pattern. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 hydrologie
 	English: hydrology
 	English definition: The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment. (Source: MGH)
 
 hydrologische ramp
 	English: hydrologic disaster
 	English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change either in the quality of the earth's water or in the distribution or movement of water on land, below the surface or in the atmosphere. (Source: ISEP /  APD)
 
 hydrologische stroming
 	English: hydrologic flow
 	English definition: The characteristic behaviour and the total quantity of water involved in a drainage basin, determined by measuring such quantities as rainfall, surface and subsurface storage and flow, and evapotranspiration. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 hydrolyse
 	English: hydrolysis
 	English definition: 1) Decomposition or alteration of a chemical substance by water. 2) In aqueous solutions of electrolytes, the reactions of cations with water to produce a weak base or of anions to produce a weak acid. (Source: MGH)
 
 hydrometeorologie
 	English: hydrometeorology
 	English definition: That part of meteorology of direct concern to hydrologic problems, particularly to flood control, hydroelectric power, irrigation, and similar fields of engineering and water resource. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 hydrometrie
 	English: hydrometry
 	English definition: The science and technology of measuring specific gravities, particularly of liquids. (Source: MGH)
 
 hydrosfeer
 	English: hydrosphere
 	English definition: The waters of the Earth, as distinguished from the rocks (lithosphere), living things (biosphere), and the air (atmosphere). Includes the waters of the ocean; rivers, lakes, and other bodies of surface water in liquid form on the continents; snow, ice, and glaciers; and liquid water, ice, and water vapour in both the unsaturated and saturated zones below the land surface. Included by some, but excluded by others, is water in the atmosphere , which includes water vapour, clouds, and all forms of precipitation while still in the atmosphere. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 hydrosfeer (zoetwater, zeewater)
 	English: hydrosphere (freshwater, marine water, waters)
 
 hygiene
 	English: hygiene
 	English definition: The science that deals with the principles and practices of good health. (Source: MGH)
 
 hygienisch afgedekte vuilstortplaats
 	English: sanitary landfill
 	English definition: An engineered method of disposing of solid waste on land in a manner that protects the environment, by spreading the waste in thin layers, compacting it to the smallest practical volume and covering it with compacted soil by the end of each working day or at more frequent intervals if necessary. (Source: CORBIT)
 
 hygienist
 	English: hygienist
 	English definition: A person skilled in the practice of hygiene. (Source: CED)
 
 hypertext
 	English: hypertext
 	English definition: The organization of information units typically containing visible links that users can select or click with a mouse pointer or some other computer device to automatically retrieve or display other documents. (Source: WIC / TWI)
 
 ideologie
 	English: ideology
 	English definition: A body of ideas that reflects the beliefs and interest of a nation, political system, etc. and underlies political action. (Source: CED)
 
 iets in voorraad houden
 	English: stocking
 	English definition: To keep a supply accumulated for future use. (Source: AMHER)
 
 ijking
 	English: calibration
 	English definition: To mark the scale of a measuring instrument so that readings can be made in appropriate units. (Source: CED)
 
 ijs
 	English: ice
 	English definition: The dense substance formed by the freezing of water to the solid state; it commonly occurs in the form of hexagonal crystals. (Source: MGH)
 
 ijsberg
 	English: iceberg
 	English definition: A large mass of detached land ice floating in the sea or stranded in shallow water. (Source: MGH)
 
 ijzer
 	English: iron
 	English definition: A malleable ductile silvery-white ferromagnetic metallic element occurring principally in haematite and magnetite. It is widely used for structural and engineering purposes. (Source: CED)
 
 ijzer- en staalindustrie
 	English: iron and steel industry
 	English definition: Sector of the metallurgical industry dealing with the production of cast iron, steel and iron alloys. Emissions from these industries tend to settle quickly from the atmosphere and can lead to rising concentrations in the soil. The main raw material input to the production process is iron ore. Also recycled scrap is used. (Source: FLGISA /  DOBRIS)
 
 ijzergieterij(sector)
 	English: ironwork industry
 	English definition: Industry for the production of iron articles. (Source: WEBSTEa)
 
 ijzerindustrie
 	English: iron industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the extraction and refinement of iron ore to produce cast iron, wrought iron and steel. (Source: RHW / ENC)
 
 ijzerschroot
 	English: iron scrap
 	English definition: Waste pieces or disused articles of wrought iron (wrought-iron scrap) suitable for reworking for rolling or forging.
 
 IMCO-code
 	English: IMCO code
 	English definition: Codes published by Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO) relating to international shipping, particularly regarding safety and marine pollution. (Source: BRACK)
 
 IMCO-conferentie
 	English: IMCO Conference
 	English definition: Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation has been changed into International Maritime Organisation in May 1982. A United Nations Specialized Agency, established in 1958 as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation to provide a means for co-operation and exchange of information on technical matters related to international shipping, particularly regarding safety and marine pollution. (Source: BRACK)
 
 immissiebeheersing
 	English: immission control
 	English definition: Legislative and administrative procedures aimed at reducing the damage caused by emissions. Pollution control programmes are normally based on human-oriented acceptable dose limits. A very important measure concerns the organisation of an emission inventory. (Source: GOODa)
 
 immissiebeheersingswet
 	English: immission control law
 
 immissiegrens
 	English: immission limit
 	English definition: Maximum levels of selected pollutants which would lead to unacceptable air quality. (Source: PORT)
 
 immissielast
 	English: immission load
 	English definition: The total amount of immissions introduced in a given environment. (Source: RRDA)
 
 immissies
 	English: immission
 	English definition: The reception of material, such as pollutants, by the environment and from any source. (Source: ALL)
 
 immissies van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant immission
 	English definition: The transfer of solid, liquid, or gaseous contaminants in the air, water, and soil. (Source: DIFIDa)
 
 immissieschade
 	English: immission damage
 	English definition: Damage caused by pollution from a distinct source of emission. (Source: GILP96)
 
 immuniteit
 	English: immunity
 	English definition: The ability of an organism to resist disease or toxins by natural or artificial means. (Source: KOREN)
 
 immuniteitsonderzoek
 	English: immunoassay
 	English definition: Any of several methods for the quantitative determination of chemical substances such as hormones, drugs, and certain proteins that utilize the highly specific binding between an antigen and an antibody. (Source: KOREN)
 
 immuniteitsysteem
 	English: immune system
 	English definition: A body system that helps an organism to resist disease, through the activities of specialised blood cells or antibodies produced by them in response to natural exposure or inoculation. (Source: KOREN /  CED)
 
 immunologie
 	English: immunology
 	English definition: A branch of biological science concerned with the native or acquired resistance of higher animal forms and humans to infection with microorganisms. (Source: MGH)
 
 immunologische ziekte
 	English: immunological disease
 	English definition: The disruption of the complex system of interacting cells, cell products and cell-forming tissues that protects the body from pathogens, destroys infected and malignant cells and removes cellular debris. (Source: SMD / RHW)
 
 impactbronnen
 	English: impact source
 	English definition: Elements of an action which cause damage to the surrounding environment. (Source: RRDA)
 
 impregneermiddel
 	English: impregnating agent
 	English definition: A material used to fill holes in wood, plaster, or other surfaces before applying a coating such as paint or varnish. (Source: MGH)
 
 impulsgeluid
 	English: impulsive noise
 	English definition: Noise characterized by transient short-duration disturbances distributed essentially uniformly over the useful passband of a transmission system. (Source: MGH)
 
 impulslading
 	English: sudden load
 	English definition: Sudden immission in considerable amount of one or more pollutants in the atmosphere, in a water body or in the soil. (Source: RRDA)
 
 in het wild groeiende plant
 	English: wild plant
 	English definition: Plants growing in a natural state (not cultivated). (Source: CED)
 
 in het wild levende planten en dieren
 	English: wildlife
 	English definition: Animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions. (Source: CAMB)
 
 in vitro proef
 	English: in vitro assay
 	English definition: Assay taking place in an artificial environment. (Source: KOREN)
 
 in vivo proef
 	English: in vivo assay
 	English definition: Experiments that are carried out in the living organism. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 inbeslagneming
 	English: seizure
 	English definition: The official or legally authorized act of taking away possessions or property, often for a violation of law or to enforce a judgment imposed by a court of law. (Source: BLD)
 
 indicator
 	English: indicator
 	English definition: Something that provides an indication especially of trends. (Source: CED)
 
 indicator van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution indicator
 	English definition: Organisms, mostly plants, which are most sensitive to slight changes in environmental factors. When identified their reaction can serve as an early warning of the endangerment of the health of a community. (Source: GILP96)
 
 indirecte inductor
 	English: indirect discharger
 	English definition: A non-domestic source introducing pollutants into a publicly owned waste-treatment system. Indirect dischargers can be commercial or industrial facilities whose wastes enter local sewers. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 Indische Oceaan
 	English: Indian Ocean
 	English definition: A body of water between the continents of Africa, Antarctica, Asia and Australia including the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea (with the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Persian Gulf) in the west, and containing several islands and island chains, such as the Andaman, Nicobar and Seychelles. (Source: INP)
 
 individuele afvalwaterverwerking
 	English: individual wastewater treatment
 	English definition: The process of using a natural system or mechanical device to collect, treat and discharge or reclaim wastewater from an individual dwelling without the use of community-wide sewers or a centralised treatment facility. (Source: DWT)
 
 indringing
 	English: infiltration
 	English definition: Movement of water through the soil surface into the ground. (Source: MGH)
 
 industrialisatie
 	English: industrialisation
 	English definition: The process whereby manufacturing industry comes to occupy the predominant position in a national or regional economy. (Source: GOOD)
 
 industrie
 	English: industry
 	English definition: An industry is a group of establishments engaged in the same or similar kinds of economic activities. Industries produce commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. A single industry can produce many different commodities. (Source: PGE)
 
 industrie, ambacht, technologie, uitrusting
 	English: industry, crafts; technology; equipments
 
 industrie-afval
 	English: trade waste
 	English definition: All types of waste generated by offices, restaurants, shops, warehouses and other such non-manufacturing sources, and non-processing waste generated at manufacturing facilities such as office and packaging waste. (Source: EED)
 
 industriebond
 	English: industrial association
 
 industrieel afval
 	English: industrial waste
 	English definition: Waste materials discarded from industrial operations, or derived from manufacturing processes; may be solid, sludge (wet solids) or liquid wastes and may or may not be considered hazardous. (Source: HMD /  ISEP)
 
 industrieel afvalwater
 	English: industrial effluent
 	English definition: Materials generally discarded from industrial operations or derived from manufacturing processes. (Source: LANDY)
 
 industrieel afvalwater
 	English: industrial waste water
 	English definition: Waste water that results from industrial processes and manufacturing. It may either be disposed of separately or become part of the sanitary or combined sewage.
 
 industrieel afvalwater
 	English: wastewater from trade
 	English definition: Liquid or waterborne wastes polluted or fouled by commercial operations. (Source: ISEP /  DEE)
 
 industrieel afvoergas
 	English: industrial waste gas
 	English definition: Waste gases resulting from manufacturing and other industrial processes which may be treated and released, treated and reused or released without treatment. (Source: ISEP)
 
 industrieel bedrijfsgebouw
 	English: industrial building
 	English definition: A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. (Source: JJK)
 
 industrieel beleid
 	English: industrial policy
 	English definition: Course of action adopted by national government to support and promote industrial activities. (Source: GOODa)
 
 industrieel eigendomsrecht
 	English: industrial property right
 	English definition: A justifiable claim granted by government or some other authority that offers protection or excludes others from making, using or selling an invention, a unique design of an article of manufacture or some other creation or discovery. (Source: BLD)
 
 industrieel gebied
 	English: industrial zoning
 	English definition: A system of land use planning that forms zones or boundaries to be used only by manufacturing or business enterprises. (Source: ISEP)
 
 industrieel lawaai
 	English: industrial noise
 	English definition: Noise produced by industrial plants activities.
 
 industrieel materiaal
 	English: industrial material
 
 industrieel of commercieel
 	English: industrial or commercial
 
 industrieel product
 	English: industrial product
 
 industrieel slib
 	English: industrial sludge
 	English definition: Sludge produced as a result of industrial production processes or manufacturing.
 
 industriegebied
 	English: industrial area
 	English definition: Areas allocated for industry within a town-planning scheme or environmental plan. The range of industries accommodated in a plan may include: light industry, service industry, general industry, hazardous, noxious or offensive industry, waterfront industry, extractive industry. Standards are usually defined for industrial areas relating to access and roads, drainage, car parking, aesthetics, landscaping, buffer zones, noise levels, and air and water pollution. (Source: GILP96)
 
 industriegewas
 	English: industrial plant (organism)
 	English definition: Plants employed in industry, e.g. cotton, flax, hemp, peanuts, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 industriele activiteit
 	English: manufacturing activity
 	English definition: Activities connected with the processing of raw material into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation. (Source: AMHER)
 
 industriele activiteit
 	English: industrial activity
 	English definition: Operations, functions and processes involved in industrial production. (Source: RRDA)
 
 industriele economie
 	English: industrial economics
 	English definition: The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services resulting from all manufacturing business. (Source: RHW)
 
 industriele fabricage
 	English: industrial manufacturing
 	English definition: To make or process (a raw material) into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation. (Source: AMHER)
 
 industriele geneeskunde
 	English: industrial medicine
 	English definition: The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment. (Source: MGH)
 
 industriele gewassen
 	English: industrial crop
 	English definition: Any crop that provides materials for industrial processes and products such as soybeans, cotton (lint and seed), flax, and tobacco. (Source: MGH)
 
 industriele installatie
 	English: industrial installation
 	English definition: A device, system or piece of equipment installed for a particular industry. (Source: CED)
 
 industriele locatie
 	English: industrial site
 	English definition: The location for the individual manufacturing firm. (Source: GOOD)
 
 industriele milieuzorg
 	English: industrial environmental policy
 	English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for the protection of natural resources from pollution generated by manufacturing or business enterprises. (Source: RHW)
 
 industriele omgeving (in het algemeen)
 	English: industrial environment (in general)
 	English definition: Environment where the manifold activities connected with the production of goods and services take place. (Source: RRDA)
 
 industriele ontwikkeling
 	English: industrial development
 
 industriele planning
 	English: industrial planning
 	English definition: The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise. (Source: RHW / ODE)
 
 industriele processen
 	English: industrial process
 
 industriele productie
 	English: industrial production
 	English definition: Any process of converting or transforming raw materials and other resources into goods or services which have value. (Source: ODE)
 
 industriele productiestatistieken
 	English: industrial production statistics
 
 industriele rook
 	English: industrial fume
 	English definition: Any smokelike or vaporous exhalation from matters or substances, especially of an odorous or harmful nature, which result from trading, commercial or manufacturing processes. (Source: RHW / ALL)
 
 industriele samenleving
 	English: industrial society
 	English definition: A large-scale community with diverse manufacturing sectors and an infrastructure and economy based on the science, technology and instrumental rationality of the modern West. (Source: FUT / RHW)
 
 industriele stortplaats
 	English: industrial dumping
 	English definition: The disposal of any waste generated by a manufacturing or processing process by the agency or body which produced it. (Source: RHW / ERG)
 
 industriele structuur
 	English: industrial structure
 
 industriele uitrusting
 	English: industrial equipment
 	English definition: Equipment related to industrial activities. (Source: RRDA)
 
 industriele veiligheid
 	English: industrial safety
 	English definition: Measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment in any facility or place involving the manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise. (Source: ODE)
 
 industriele vervuiling
 	English: industrial pollution
 	English definition: Pollution as a result of industrial processes and manufacturing. (Source: RRDA)
 
 industriele wetgeving
 	English: industrial legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate working conditions or the acquisition, processing and disposal of materials by the aggregate of factories, companies and enterprises in one or more manufacturing or technically productive fields. (Source: RHW)
 
 industriele woestenij
 	English: industrial wasteland
 	English definition: Area of land which is no longer usable for cultivation or for any other purpose after having been the site of an industrial plant. (Source: PHCa)
 
 industrie-uitstoot
 	English: industrial emission
 	English definition: Gas-borne pollutants discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks of industrial plants. (Source: LEE)
 
 industriezone
 	English: economic zoning
 	English definition: A land-use planning design or control where specific types of businesses or private sector investment are encouraged within designated boundaries. (Source: ALL / EEN)
 
 inert afval
 	English: inert waste
 	English definition: Wastes that do not undergo any significant physical, chemical, or biological transformations when deposited in a landfill.
 
 inert makend
 	English: inertisation
 	English definition: The process of waste inertisation includes solidification and stabilisation; stabilisation is the process used for reduction of hazard potential of the waste by converting the contaminants into their least soluble, least immobile, or least toxic form. Solidification physically binds or encapsulates the waste in a monolithic solid of high structural integrity. Thus solidification may be used for powders, liquids or gases. (Source: ENVAR)
 
 infectie met parasitaire zuigwormen
 	English: schistosomiasis
 	English definition: A disease in which humans are parasitized by any of three species of blood flukes: Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum; adult worms inhabit the blood vessels. (Source: MGH)
 
 informatica
 	English: informatics
 	English definition: Science and technique of data elaboration and of automatic treatment of information. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 informaticarecht
 	English: data processing law
 
 informatie
 	English: information
 	English definition: All facts, ideas or imaginative works of the mind which have been communicated, published or distributed formally or informally in any format, or the knowledge that is  communicated or received. (Source: CCL / RHW)
 
 informatie
 	English: information
 
 informatie met geografische componenten
 	English: geo-referenced information
 	English definition: Data delimiting a given object, either physical or conceptual, in terms of its spatial relationship to the land, usually consisting of points, lines, areas or volumes defined in terms of some coordinate system. (Source: GIS)
 
 informatie over wetgeving
 	English: legislative information
 	English definition: Knowledge or a service providing knowledge concerning actual and proposed laws, including approval status, the history and content of deliberative proceedings and the specific language of those laws. (Source: RHW)
 
 informatie, opvoeding, kultuur, milieubewustzijn
 	English: information, education, culture, environmental awareness
 
 informatiebron
 	English: information source
 	English definition: Generally, any resource initiating and substantiating the reception of knowledge or specifically, the origin of a data transmission. (Source: RHW)
 
 informatie-centrum
 	English: information centre
 	English definition: Any facility devoted to the collection, maintenance and distribution of materials or data compiled to convey knowledge on some subject, often with trained staff persons available to answer questions. (Source: RHW)
 
 informatiedienst
 	English: information service
 	English definition: An organized system of providing assistance or aid to individuals who are seeking information, such as by using databases and other information sources to communicate or supply knowledge or factual data. (Source: RHW / OMD)
 
 informatiedistributiecentrum
 	English: information clearing-house
 	English definition: A central institution or agency for the collection, maintenance, and distribution of materials or data compiled to convey knowledge on some subject. (Source: RHW)
 
 informatieinfrastructuur
 	English: information infrastructure
 	English definition: The basic, underlying framework and features of a communications system supporting the exchange of knowledge, including hardware, software and transmission media. (Source: WIC / RHW)
 
 informatienetwerk
 	English: information network
 	English definition: A system of interrelated persons and/or devices linked to permit the exchange of data or knowledge. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 informatie-overdracht
 	English: information transfer
 	English definition: The communication or conveyance of data or materials for the purpose of enhancing knowledge from one person, place or position to another. (Source: RHW)
 
 informatieset
 	English: information kit
 	English definition: A set or collection of materials compiled to convey knowledge on some subject and usually placed in some type of container. (Source: RHW)
 
 informatiesysteem
 	English: information system
 	English definition: Any coordinated assemblage of persons, devices and institutions used for communicating or exchanging knowledge or data, such as by simple verbal communication, or by completely computerized methods of storing, searching and retrieving information. (Source: MHD)
 
 informatietechnologie
 	English: information technology
 	English definition: The systems, equipment, components and software required to ensure the retrieval, processing and storage of information in all centres of human activity (home, office, factory, etc.), the application of which generally requires the use of electronics or similar technology. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 informatietechnologiesector
 	English: information technology industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of electronic machines designed to accept information or data that is easily manipulated for some result based on a program or some set of instructions, and the technology or materials used with these machines, such as storage devices, terminals and peripheral equipment. (Source: WIC / SIC)
 
 informatie-uitwisseling
 	English: information exchange
 	English definition: A reciprocal transference of data between two or more parties for the purpose of enhancing knowledge of the participants. (Source: RHW)
 
 informatieverwerkend systeem
 	English: data processing system
 	English definition: An assembly of computer hardware, firmware and software configured for the purpose of performing various operations on digital information elements with a minimum of human intervention. (Source: JON)
 
 informatieverwerking
 	English: information processing
 	English definition: A systematic series of actions performed by a person or computer on data elements including classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing, transmitting, retrieving and receiving. (Source: JON)
 
 informeel overleg
 	English: informal negotiation
 
 infrageluid
 	English: infrasound
 	English definition: Vibrations of the air at frequencies too low to be perceived as sound by the human ear, below about 15 hertz. (Source: MGH)
 
 infraroodstraling
 	English: infrared radiation
 	English definition: Electron magnetic radiation whose wavelengths lie in the range from 0.75 or 0.8 micrometer to 1000 micrometers. (Source: MGH)
 
 infrastructuur
 	English: infrastructure
 	English definition: The basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. (Source: LANDY)
 
 ingeademde lucht
 	English: respiratory air
 	English definition: Air volumes inspired and expired through the lungs. (Source: DELFIN)
 
 inham
 	English: cove
 	English definition: 1) A deep recess hollow, or nook in a cliff or steep mountainside, or a small, straight valley extending into a mountain or down a mountainside.2) A valley or portion of lowland that penetrates into a plateau or mountain front. (Source: BJGEO /  WHIT)
 
 inheems bos
 	English: indigenous forest
 	English definition: Forests which are native to a given area. (Source: LANDY)
 
 inheemse kennis
 	English: indigenous knowledge
 	English definition: Local knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society, which is the basis for local-level decision making in agriculture, health care, education and other matters of concern in rural communities. (Source: WIK)
 
 inheemse technologie
 	English: indigenous technology
 	English definition: Technologies employed by the native inhabitants of a country and which constitute an important part of its cultural heritage and should therefore be protected against exploitation by industrialized countries; the problem of indigenous knowledge has been discussed during the Rio Conference but it does not receive much protection under the Biodiversity Convention. Article 8 mandates that parties 'respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional life styles... and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of benefits arising from them'. (Source: RRDA /  WRES)
 
 inhoudsregister
 	English: index
 	English definition: A list of record surrogates arranged in order of some attribute expressible in machine-orderable form. (Source: MGH)
 
 inkapseling
 	English: encapsulation
 	English definition: The enclosure of any polluting product with a material that prevents its release in the environment. (Source: RRDA)
 
 inklinking
 	English: soil settling
 	English definition: Compaction involves the close-packing of the individual grains mainly by the elimination of pore-space and expulsion of entrapped water; this is normally brought about by the weight of the overlying sediments. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 inkomen
 	English: income
 	English definition: The gain derived from capital, from labour or effort, or both combined, including profit or gain through sale or conversion of capital. (Source: WESTS)
 
 inkomsten uit afval(herwerking)
 	English: waste income
 	English definition: The total amount of refuse or unusable material that enters a process or system. (Source: RHW)
 
 inkomstenbelasting
 	English: income tax
 	English definition: A tax on the annual profits arising from property, business pursuits, professions, trades or offices. (Source: BLACK)
 
 inkt
 	English: ink
 	English definition: A dispersion of a pigment or a solution of a dye in a carrier vehicle, yielding a fluid, paste, or powder to be applied to and dried on a substrate; writing, marking, drawing, and printing inks are applied by several methods to paper, metal, plastic, wood, glass, fabric, or other substrate. (Source: MGH)
 
 inktverwijdering
 	English: de-inking
 	English definition: Series of processes by which various types of printing inks are removed from paper fibre pulp during the pre-processing and recycling of recovered paper products. Particularly necessary where high quality and whiteness of the finished product are required. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 inleggerij
 	English: pickling plant
 	English definition: Plant where scale is removed from iron and steel usually by means of immersion in a hot hydrochloric or sulphuric acid bath. Wastes include spent pickling liquor, sludges and rinse water. (Source: PORTa)
 
 inleidende procedure
 	English: preliminary proceedings
 	English definition: Any introductory action in the judicial process designed to determine the need for further court involvement or to expedite a motion that requires immediate attention. (Source: BLD)
 
 inlichtingsplicht
 	English: obligation to inform
 
 inschatting
 	English: appraisal
 	English definition: An expert or official valuation. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 inschatting van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen
 	English: resource appraisal
 	English definition: Assessment of the availability of resources in a given area. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 inschatting van de invloed op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact assessment
 	English definition: Analysis and judgement of the effects upon the environment, both temporary and permanent, of a significant development or project. It must also consider the social consequences and alternative actions. (Source: BRACK)
 
 inschatting van een verontreinigende stof
 	English: pollutant assessment
 
 inschatting van het risico
 	English: risk assessment
 	English definition: The qualitative and quantitative evaluation performed in an effort to define the risk posed to human health and/or the environment by an action or by the presence or use of a specific substance or pollutant. (Source: LEEa)
 
 insecten
 	English: insect
 	English definition: A class of the Arthropoda typically having a segmented body with an external, chitinous covering, a pair of compound eyes, a pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts, and two pairs of wings. (Source: MGH)
 
 insecteneters
 	English: insectivore
 	English definition: Any placental mammal of the order Insectivora, being typically small, with simple teeth, and feeding on invertebrates. The group includes shrews, moles, and hedgehogs. (Source: CED)
 
 insecticide
 	English: insecticide
 	English definition: Any chemical agent used to destroy invertebrate pests. (Source: LBC)
 
 inspectie
 	English: inspection
 	English definition: An official examination and evaluation of the extent to which specified goals, objectives, standards, policies or procedures of an agency, organization, department or unit have been met properly. (Source: DAM)
 
 inspectie van de boeken
 	English: inspection of records
 
 inspraak
 	English: active participation
 	English definition: The involvement, either by an individual or a group of individuals, in their own governance or other activities, with the purpose of exerting influence. (Source: RHW)
 
 inspraak
 	English: community participation
 	English definition: Involvement in public or private actions, as members or as a member of a particular ethnic, political or social group, with the purpose of exerting influence. (Source: RHW)
 
 installatie die goedgekeurd vereist
 	English: installation requiring approval
 	English definition: The official authorization needed to assemble and place into position any apparatus, facility, military post or machinery. (Source: RHW)
 
 installatie- of apparatenbouw
 	English: construction of installations
 
 instelling voor milieubeheer
 	English: environmental administration institution
 	English definition: A central government organization that has authority or oversight over government activity relating to the preservation and safeguarding of ecological or natural resources. (Source: BLD / TOE)
 
 institutionalisering
 	English: institutionalisation
 	English definition: The establishment and normalization of a law, custom, usage, practice, system or regulative principle in the activity or purpose of a group or organization. (Source: OED)
 
 institutionele activiteit
 	English: institutional activity
 	English definition: The specific tasks, undertakings or functions that governments, businesses and other organizations perform. (Source: RHW)
 
 institutionele structuur
 	English: institutional structure
 	English definition: An organization's complex system of mutually connected and dependent elements or parts, which make up a definite manner of arrangement. (Source: OED)
 
 instroom
 	English: inflow
 	English definition: 1) Water other than wastewater that enters a sewer system (including sewer service connections) from sources such as, but not limited to, roof leaders, cellars drains, yard drains, area drains, drains from springs and swampy areas, manhole covers, cross connections between storm sewers and sanitary sewers, catch basins, cooling towers, storm waters, surface runoff, street wash waters, or drainage. Inflow does not include, and is distinguished from, infiltration. 2) Action of flowing in; an inflow of effluent into a river. (Source: JJK /  PHC)
 
 instrumentatie
 	English: instrumentation
 	English definition: Designing, manufacturing, and utilizing physical instruments or instrument systems for detection, observation, measurement, automatic control, automatic computation, communication, or data processing. (Source: MGH)
 
 instrumentenvervaardiging
 	English: instrument manufacture
 
 integraal natuurreservaat
 	English: integral natural reserve
 	English definition: Areas allocated to preserve and protect certain animals and plants, or both. They differ from national parks, which are largely a place for public recreation, because they are provided exclusively to protect species for their own sake. Endangered species are increasingly being kept in nature reserves to prevent them from extinction. Nature reserves also serve as a place for more plentiful species to rest, breed or winter. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 intensieve landbouw
 	English: intensive farming
 	English definition: Farming in which as much use is made of the land as possible by growing crops close together or by growing several crops in a year or by using large amounts of fertilizers. (Source: PHC)
 
 intensieve veehouderij
 	English: factory farming
 	English definition: The technique of capital intensive animal-raising in an artificial environment, used for chicken, egg, turkey, beef, veal and pork production. Animals are restrained in a controlled indoor environment and their food is brought to them. The building take on the appearance of industrial units. (Source: GOOD)
 
 intensieve veehouderij
 	English: intensive animal husbandry
 	English definition: Specialized system of breeding animals where the livestock are kept indoors and fed on concentrated foodstuffs, with frequent use of drugs to control diseases which are a constant threat under these conditions. (Source: PHC)
 
 interbibliothecair leenverkeer
 	English: inter-library loan
 	English definition: The service provided by one library in which a second library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials belonging to the first library; and consequently the system providing rules and infrastructure for this service to a group of libraries. (Source: RHW)
 
 interdisciplinair onderzoek
 	English: interdisciplinary research
 	English definition: The utilisation, combination and coordination of two or more appropriate disciplines, technologies and humanities in an integrated approach toward environmental problems. (Source: UNUN)
 
 intergouvernementeel
 	English: intergovernmental
 
 internationaal belangrijk ecosysteem
 	English: internationally important ecosystem
 	English definition: Ecosystems whose importance is recognised at international level and which are, in some cases, protected by international conventions. (Source: RRDA)
 
 internationaal conflict
 	English: international conflict
 	English definition: A controversy, disagreement, quarrel or warfare between or among two or more nations or countries, often requiring involvement or monitoring by other members of the global community. (Source: OED / ISEP)
 
 internationaal economisch recht
 	English: international economic law
 	English definition: The recognized rules guiding the commercial relations of at least two sovereign states or private parties involved in cross-border transactions, including regulations for trade, finance and intellectual property. (Source: IEL)
 
 internationaal evenwicht
 	English: international balance
 	English definition: A system in which nations or blocs of nations strive to maintain an equilibrium of power to prevent dominance by any single nation or to reduce conflict or the possibility of war. (Source: IPE)
 
 Internationaal Gerechtshof
 	English: International Court of Justice
 	English definition: Judicial arm of the United Nations. It has jurisdiction to give advisory opinions on matters of law and treaty construction when requested by the General Assembly, Security Council or any other international agency authorised by the General Assembly to petition for such opinion. It has jurisdiction, also, to settle legal disputes between nations when voluntarily submitted to it. (Source: BLACK)
 
 Internationaal Monetair Fonds
 	English: International Monetary Fund
 	English definition: An international organization established in 1944, affiliated with the United Nations that acts as an international bank facilitating the exchange of national currencies and providing loans to member nations. It also evaluates the performance of the economies of the world's countries. (Source: KINGST)
 
 internationaal privaatrecht
 	English: private international law
 	English definition: The part of the national law of a country that establishes rules for dealing with cases involving a foreign element. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 internationaal publiekrecht
 	English: public international law
 	English definition: The general rules and principles pertaining to the conduct of nations and of international organizations and with the relations among them. (Source: BLD)
 
 internationaal recht
 	English: international law
 	English definition: The system of law regulating the interrelationship of sovereign states and their rights and duties with regard to one another. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 internationaal rivierbekken
 	English: international river basin
 	English definition: Land area drained by a river and its tributaries whose waters are situated in and utilized by two or more countries. (Source: TOE / EWP)
 
 internationale betrekkingen
 	English: international relations
 	English definition: The political or diplomatic interaction or dealings between independent nations. (Source: RHW)
 
 internationale concurrentie
 	English: international competitiveness
 	English definition: The ability of firms to strive with rivals in the production and sale of commodities in worldwide markets. (Source: ODE / OED)
 
 internationale conventie
 	English: international convention
 	English definition: Treaties and other agreements of a contractual character between different countries or organizations of states creating legal rights and obligations between the parties. (Source: BLACK)
 
 internationale handel
 	English: international trade
 	English definition: The flow of commodities and goods between nations. (Source: GOOD)
 
 internationale harmonisatie
 	English: international harmonisation
 	English definition: Harmonisation of the interrelationship of sovereign states by the application of general principles recognized by civilized nations. (Source: DICLAWa)
 
 internationale hulp
 	English: international assistance
 	English definition: Economic, military, technical or financial aid or support given to nations or countries in need, often from other governments or international or intergovernmental organizations. (Source: INP)
 
 internationale milieuverhoudingen
 	English: international environmental relations
 	English definition: The political or diplomatic interaction or dealings between independent nations that pertain to ecological concerns. (Source: RHW)
 
 internationale organisatie
 	English: international organisation
 	English definition: An association of independent states, whose representatives gather for the promotion of common interests including defense and trade. (Source: GT2)
 
 internationale overeenkomst
 	English: international agreement
 	English definition: Cooperation in international efforts to support global environmental goals. Solutions to environmental problems such as trans-boundary airborne and waterborne pollution, ozone depletion and climate change require action by all responsible countries. (Source: WRES)
 
 internationale politiek
 	English: international politics
 	English definition: The use of methods, strategy, intrigue, decision making and power by governments and their representatives to achieve goals in policy making or governmental affairs in a worldwide or international arena. (Source: RHW)
 
 internationale samenwerking
 	English: international co-operation
 	English definition: The collaboration between governments, businesses or individuals in which it is agreed to work together on similar objectives or strategies, particularly in research or in setting industrial standards. (Source: ODE)
 
 internationale standaardisatie
 	English: international standardisation
 	English definition: The process of establishing or conforming something to a norm or measure that is recognized beyond the boundaries of a single country or nation. (Source: RHW)
 
 internationale veiligheid
 	English: international safety
 	English definition: Freedom from danger or the quality of averting risk of harm to persons, property or the environment shared across one or more national boundaries; consequently, the combined efforts of more than one nation to achieve or preserve that state. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 internationale verdeling
 	English: international distribution
 	English definition: The worldwide allocating of resources or dispersing of goods. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 internationale verdeling van werk
 	English: international division of labour
 
 internationale vergelijking
 	English: international transaction
 	English definition: Any agreement or act involving two or more countries in which  business dealings, negotiations or other affairs are settled or concluded. (Source: BLD)
 
 internationale waterweg
 	English: international watercourse
 	English definition: Portions of a geographical area which constitutes a hydrogeological unit as the catchment area for a single river which are under the jurisdiction of two or more countries. (Source: WPRa)
 
 interne aanrekening van externe kosten
 	English: internalisation of external costs
 	English definition: The process of getting those who produce goods or services with adverse effects on the environment or on society to incorporate a knowledge of possible negative repercussions into future economic decisions. (Source: ODE)
 
 interne aanrekening van milieukosten
 	English: internalisation of environmental costs
 
 Internet
 	English: Internet
 	English definition: A global consortium of local computer networks that uses the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol to connect machines to each other, providing access to the World Wide Web, Gopher, electronic mail, remote login and file transfer. (Source: WON)
 
 Internetprovider
 	English: internet service provider
 	English definition: A business or organization that supplies connections to a part of the Internet, often through telephone lines. (Source: TWI)
 
 Internetzoekoptie
 	English: internet search service
 	English definition: The provision of special aid by library staff trained to query bibliographic or other information contained on the Internet, a large distributed electronic system, usually to meet the research needs of the library's clients. (Source: RHW /  LFS)
 
 interpolatie
 	English: interpolation
 	English definition: A process used to estimate an intermediate value of one (dependent) variable which is a function of a second (independent) variable when values of the dependent variable corresponding to several discrete values of the independent variable are known. (Source: MGH)
 
 interpretatiemethode
 	English: interpretation method
 	English definition: Method employed in the assessment of the meaning and significance of data, results, facts, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 interventiefonds
 	English: intervention fund
 	English definition: Money or financial resources set aside to interpose or interfere in any business affair in order to affect an outcome. (Source: OED)
 
 inventaris
 	English: inventory
 	English definition: A detailed list of articles, goods, property, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 inventarisatie
 	English: stocktaking
 	English definition: The counting over of materials or goods on hand, as in a stockroom or store.
 
 inventarisatie van bosschade
 	English: inventory of forest damage
 	English definition: Survey of a forest area to determine forest depletion. The aim of the inventory is to give an overview of the forest conditions. Especially should the inventory aim to detect any changes in the forest conditions, but it should also provide the distribution of the forest damages and find out any relation with site and stand conditions. (Source: DUNSTEa)
 
 inversie
 	English: inversion
 	English definition: A reversal in the usual direction of a process, as in the change of density of water at 4deg C. (Source: PITT)
 
 investering
 	English: investment
 	English definition: Any item of value purchased for profitable return, as income, interest or capital appreciation. (Source: IVW / RHW)
 
 investering voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution control investment
 	English definition: Securities held for the production of income in the form of interest and dividends with the aim of controlling or reducing pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health and natural resources. (Source: ISEP /  EFP)
 
 invloed op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact
 	English definition: Any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. (Source: LANDY)
 
 invloed van aquacultuur op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of aquaculture
 	English definition: Fish farming pollutes the water with nutrients, methane and hydrogen sulphide which threaten both farmed fish and other marine life. Dangerous pesticides have been used to treat infestations of sea lice. (Source: WPR)
 
 invloed van bosbouw op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of forestry
 	English definition: The world's forestry resources are shrinking at an alarming rate. The need for foreign exchange encourages many developing countries to cut timber faster than forests can be regenerated. This overcutting not only depletes the resource that underpins the world timber trade, it causes loss of forest-based livelihoods, increases soil erosion and downstream flooding, and accelerates the loss of species and genetic resources. (Source: WPR)
 
 invloed van energie op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of energy
 	English definition: Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use. (Source: RAU)
 
 invloed van huishoudens op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of households
 	English definition: Household impacts on the environment include domestic heating emissions (hot air, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapour and oxide of nitrogen, sulphur and other trace gases); domestic sewage consisting of human bodily discharges, water from kitchens, bathrooms and laundries; the dumping of bulky wastes such as old washing machines, refrigerators, cars and other objects that will not fit into the standard dustbin and which are often dumped about the countryside, etc. (Source: WPR /  GILP96)
 
 invloed van industrie op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of industry
 	English definition: The effects on the environment connected with industrial activities are mainly related to the production of industrial wastes that can be divided into various types: solid waste, such as dust particles or slag from coal; liquid wastes from various processes, including radioactive coolants from power stations; and gas wastes, largely produced by the chemical industry. (Source: RRDA)
 
 invloed van landbouw op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of agriculture
 	English definition: Agricultural activities have significant impacts on water quality, including increases in stream sedimentation from erosion, and increases in nutrients, pesticides, and salt concentrations in runoff. In certain regions, the misuse of pesticides has led to the development of pesticide-resistant strains of pests, destroyed natural predators, killed local wildlife, and contaminated human water supplies. Improper application of fertilizers has changed the types of vegetation and fish types inhabiting nearby waterways and rivers. (Source: RAU /  WPR)
 
 invloed van recreatie op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of recreation
 	English definition: Recreation and tourism are often accompanied by extensive damage to the environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of an increased tourist trade and the resultant building of hotel accommodations, sewage disposal works, roads, car parks and landing jetties on banks and coastlines; and the increased angling, swimming, water skiing, shooting or use of motor-boats in the water body. These all produce direct deleterious effects when conducted on a massive scale, including shore damage, chemical changes in the water, and sediments and biological changes in the plant and animal communities. (Source: WPR)
 
 invloed van toerisme op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of tourism
 	English definition: Extensive damage to the environment caused by recreation and tourism, including despoiling of coastlines by construction of tourist facilities; pollution of the sea; loss of historic buildings to make way for tourist facilities; loss of agricultural land for airport development, etc. (Source: WPR)
 
 invloed van vervoer op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of transport
 	English definition: Impact of transportation-related activities on the environment, in particular, those impacts dealing with air pollution, noise, displacement of people and businesses, disruption of wildlife habitats, and overall growth-inducing effects. (Source: RAU)
 
 invloed van visserij op het milieu
 	English: environmental impact of fishing
 	English definition: Fishing may have various negative effects on the environment: effluent and waste from fish farms may damage wild fish, seals, and shellfish. Fish farmers use tiny quantities of highly toxic chemicals to kill lice: one overdose could be devastating. So-called by-catches, or the incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. Some fishing techniques, like the drift nets, yield not only tons of fish but kill millions of birds, whales and seals and catch millions of fish not intended. Small net holes often capture juvenile fish who never have a chance to reproduce. Some forms of equipment destroy natural habitats, for example bottom trawling may destroy natural reefs. Other destructive techniques are illegal dynamite and cyanide fishing. (Source: WPR)
 
 invoer
 	English: import
 	English definition: The act of bringing goods and merchandise into a country from a foreign country. (Source: WESTS)
 
 invoerder
 	English: importer
 	English definition: Person or society receiving and buying goods and services from abroad. (Source: CED)
 
 invoervergunning
 	English: import licence
 	English definition: Permission from a government to bring within its borders and sell a product manufactured in a foreign country. (Source: BLD)
 
 ionen
 	English: ion
 	English definition: An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons. (Source: CED)
 
 ionen(uit)wisselaar
 	English: ion exchanger
 	English definition: A permanent insoluble material (usually a synthetic resin) which contains ions that will exchange reversibly with other ions in a surrounding solution. Both cation and anion exchangers are used in water conditioning. The volume of an ion exchanger is measured in cubic liters of exchanger after the exchanger bed has been backwashed and drained, and has settled into place. (Source: WQA)
 
 ionen(uit)wisseling
 	English: ion exchange
 	English definition: The process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble solid, usually a resin. (Source: CED)
 
 ioniserende straling
 	English: ionising radiation
 	English definition: Radiation that is capable of energizing atoms sufficiently to remove electrons from them. In this state atoms become more reactive, so that ionizing radiation increases chemical activity and in this way produces biological effects, including effects that involve alterations induced in DNA. X-rays and gamma-rays are the only electromagnetic waves that cause ionization in biological material. (Source: ALL)
 
 ionosfeer
 	English: ionosphere
 	English definition: A region of the earth's atmosphere, extending from about 60 to 1000 kilometers above the earth's surface, in which there is a high concentration of free electrons formed as a result of ionizing radiation entering the atmosphere from space. (Source: CED)
 
 isolatie
 	English: insulation (process)
 	English definition: The process of preventing or reducing the transmission of electricity, heat, or sound to or from a body, device, or region by surrounding it with a nonconducting material. (Source: CED)
 
 isolatiemateriaal
 	English: sound insulation material
 	English definition: Material used to reduce the transmission of sound to or from a body, device, room, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 isolerend materiaal
 	English: insulating material
 	English definition: Material that prevents or reduces the transmission of electricity, heat, or sound to or from a body, device or region. (Source: CED)
 
 isomeer
 	English: isomer
 	English definition: 1) Two or more compounds having the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule.2) One of two or more chemical substances having the same elementary percentage composition and molecular weight but differing in structure, and therefore in properties; there are many ways in which such structural differences occur. (Source: CED /  MGH)
 
 ISO-standaard
 	English: ISO standard
 	English definition: Documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics, to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. (Source: ISOCH)
 
 isotoop
 	English: isotope
 	English definition: One or two or more atoms with the same atomic number that contain different numbers of neutrons. (Source: CED)
 
 ivoor
 	English: ivory
 	English definition: The fine-grained creamy-white dentine forming the tusks of elephants, and the teeth or tusks of certain other large animals such as the walrus; it has long been esteemed for a wide variety of ornamental articles. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 jaargetijde
 	English: season
 	English definition: One of the four equal periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices, resulting from the apparent movement of the sun north and south of the equator during the course of the earth's orbit around it. These periods (spring, summer, autumn and winter) have their characteristic weather conditions in different regions, and occur at opposite times of the year in the N and S hemispheres. (Source: CED)
 
 jacht
 	English: hunting
 	English definition: The pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals, regarded as a sport. (Source: CED)
 
 jachtgebied
 	English: hunting reserve
 	English definition: Area of land where the pursuit and killing or capture of game and wild animals is permitted. (Source: CED)
 
 jachthaven
 	English: marina
 	English definition: A small port that is used for pleasure rather than trade, often with hotels, restaurants and bars. (Source: CAMB)
 
 jachthuis
 	English: country lodge
 	English definition: A small house or a hut located in the countryside. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 jachtvergunning
 	English: hunting licence
 	English definition: Official permission granted to individuals or commercial enterprises allowing and regulating by time, location, species, size or amount the wild animals or game that can be killed and taken from lands within a particular jurisdiction. (Source: RHW)
 
 jeugdwerk
 	English: youth work
 	English definition: Job opportunities and employment for adolescents, either for financial reward or educational enrichment. (Source: RHW)
 
 jodium
 	English: iodine
 	English definition: A nonmetallic halogen element; the poisonous, corrosive dark plates or granules are readily sublimed; insoluble in water, soluble in common solvents; used as germicide and antiseptic, in dyes, tinctures, and pharmaceuticals, in engraving lithography, and as a catalyst and analytical reagent. (Source: MGH)
 
 jong
 	English: young
 
 jongere
 	English: youth
 	English definition: The state of being young; the period between childhood and adult age. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 juridisch systeem van de Europese Gemeenschap
 	English: Community legal system
 	English definition: The directly applicable legislation of the European Community regulating the relations of member states. (Source: CURZONa)
 
 juridische stand
 	English: legal profession
 	English definition: A body of persons whose occupation is concerned with advising clients in matters of law, representing them in court or assisting them through the judicial process, including, in the first instance, lawyers and, by extension, judges, legal assistants and court employees. (Source: OCT / RHW)
 
 jurisprudentie
 	English: jurisprudence
 	English definition: The science or philosophy of law. (Source: CED)
 
 kaart
 	English: map
 	English definition: A representation, normally on a flat medium, that displays the physical and political features of a surface area of the earth, showing them in their respective forms, sizes and relationships according to some convention of representation. (Source: RHW)
 
 kabel
 	English: cable
 	English definition: Strands of insulated electrical conductors laid together, usually around a central core, and wrapped in a heavy insulation. (Source: MGH)
 
 kachel
 	English: stove
 	English definition: A chamber within which a fuel-air mixture is burned to provide heat, the heat itself being radiated outward from the chamber; used for space heating, process-fluid heating, and steel blast furnaces. (Source: MGH)
 
 kaderwetgeving
 	English: framework legislation
 	English definition: A body of rules prescribed by a government, often composed in a series of inter-related parts, to establish or lay the foundation for a new project, agency or organizational structure. (Source: RHW)
 
 kakkerlakken
 	English: cockroach
 	English definition: The most primitive of the living winged insects. It is thought they have been unchanged for more than 300 million years, and are among the oldest fossil insects. Cockroaches are usually found in tropical climates, but a few species, out of the total 3.500 known species, have become pests. They are common household pests in many countries, imported by ship and carried home in grocery bags. Cockroaches eat plant and animal products, including food, paper, clothing and soiled hospital waste, fouling everything they touch with their droppings and unpleasant odour, to which many people are allergic. They are a major health hazard and carry harmful bacteria, protozoan parasites and faunal pathogens, including those that cause typhoid, leprosy and salmonella. Conventional insecticides make little or no impact on the cockroaches population. (Source: WRIGHT /  WPR)
 
 kali- en steenzoutmijnbouw
 	English: rock salt mining
 	English definition: Rock salt mining is an underground mining process in which the salt is physically dug out of the ground in an operation involving drilling, blasting and crushing the rock. The major percentage of this output is used for winter road maintenance. (Source: SALINF)
 
 kalk
 	English: lime
 	English definition: Any of various mineral and industrial forms of calcium oxide differing chiefly in water content and percentage of constituent such as silica, alumina and iron. (Source: AMHER)
 
 kalkgehalte
 	English: calcium content
 	English definition: Amount of calcium contained in a solution. (Source: MGHa)
 
 kalksteen
 	English: limestone
 	English definition: A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of the mineral calcite and with or without magnesium carbonate. Limestones are formed by either organic or inorganic processes, and may be detrital, chemical, oolitic, earthy, crystalline, or recrystallized; many are highly fossiliferous and clearly represent ancient shell banks or coral reefs. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 kamp
 	English: camp
 	English definition: 1) A place where tents, cabins, or other temporary structures are erected for the use of military troops, for training soldiers, etc.2) Tents, cabins, etc., used as temporary lodgings by a group of travellers, holiday-makers, Scouts, Gypsies, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 kampeerterrein
 	English: camping site
 	English definition: A piece of land where people on holiday can stay in tents, usually with toilets and places for washing. (Source: CAMB)
 
 kamperen
 	English: camping
 	English definition: Guarded area equipped with sanitary facilities where holiday-makers may pitch a tent and camp by paying a daily rate. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 kanaal
 	English: canal
 	English definition: An artificial open waterway used for transportation, waterpower, or irrigation. (Source: MGH)
 
 kanaalsluis
 	English: canal lock
 	English definition: A chamber with gates on both ends connecting two sections of a canal or other waterway, to raise or lower the water level in each section. (Source: MGH)
 
 kanaliseren
 	English: channelling
 	English definition: Any system of distribution canals or conduits for water, gas, electricity, or steam. (Source: MGH)
 
 kanker
 	English: cancer
 	English definition: Any malignant cellular tumour including carcinoma and sarcoma. It encompasses a group of neoplastic diseases in which there is a transformation of normal body cells into malignant ones, probably involving some change in the genetic material of the cells, possibly as a result of faulty repair of damage to the cell caused by carcinogenic agents or ionizing radiation. (Source: KOREN)
 
 kankerverwekkende stof
 	English: carcinogen
 	English definition: A substance that causes cancer in humans and animals. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 kansarmen
 	English: underprivileged people
 	English definition: A segment of the population that does not have access to the rights or benefits granted to the rest of society, often because of low economic or social status. (Source: RHW)
 
 kantoor
 	English: office
 	English definition: Any room, set of rooms or building used for the administration of government service, business transactions or other work related activities. (Source: RHW)
 
 kantoorstudie
 	English: desk study
 
 kapitaalbelasting
 	English: tax on capital
 	English definition: A government imposed levy on the wealth or assets gained by an individual, firm, or corporation for the purpose of raising revenue to pay for services or improvements for the general public benefit. (Source: EFP / RHW)
 
 kappen [bosbouw]
 	English: cutting (forestry)
 	English definition: The act or process of felling or uprooting standing trees, in order to produce timber products. (Source: TIM)
 
 kappen van een bos
 	English: woodland clearance
 	English definition: The permanent clear-felling of an area of forest or woodland. On steep slopes this can lead to severe soil erosion, especially where heavy seasonal rains or the melting of snow at higher levels cause sudden heavy flows of water. In the humid tropics it may also lead to a release of carbon dioxide from the soil. (Source: ALL2)
 
 karkasverwerking
 	English: carcass disposal
 	English definition: The disposal of slaughtered animals, other dead animal bodies and animal body parts after removal of the offal products. (Source: ISEP)
 
 karst
 	English: karst
 	English definition: 1) A German rendering of a Serbo-Croat term referring to the terrain created by limestone solution and characterized by a virtual absence of surface drainage, a series of surface hollows, depressions and fissures, collapse structures, and an extensive subterranean drainage network.2) A type of topography that is formed on limestone, gypsum, and other rocks by dissolution, and that is characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage. Etymology: German, from the Yugoslavian territory Krs; type locality, a limestone plateau in the Dinaric Alps of northwestern Yugoslavia and northeastern Italy. (Source: WHIT /  BJGEO)
 
 kartering
 	English: mapping
 	English definition: The process of making a map of an area; especially the field work necessary for the production of a map. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 kartografie
 	English: cartography
 	English definition: The making of maps and charts for the purpose of visualizing spatial distributions over various areas of the earth. (Source: MGH)
 
 Kaspische Zee
 	English: Caspian Sea
 
 kastanje
 	English: chestnut
 	English definition: Any north temperate fagaceous tree of the genus Castanea, such as Castanea sativa, which produce flowers in long catkins and nuts in a prickly bur. (Source: CED)
 
 katachtigen
 	English: felid
 	English definition: Predatory mammal, including cats, lions, leopards, tigers, jaguars, and cheetahs, typically having a round head and retractile claws. (Source: CED)
 
 katalysator (stof)
 	English: catalyst
 	English definition: A substance whose presence alters the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds, but whose own composition remains unchanged by the reaction. Catalysts are usually employed to accelerate reactions(positive catalyst), but retarding (negative) catalysts are also used. (Source: ALL)
 
 katalysator (toestel)
 	English: catalytic converter
 	English definition: Catalytic converters are designed to clean up the exhaust fumes from petrol-driven vehicles, which are otherwise the major threat to air quality standards in congested urban streets and on motorways. Converters remove carbon monoxide, the unburned hydrocarbons and the oxides of nitrogen. These compounds are damaging to human health and the environment in a variety of ways. The converter is attached to the vehicle' s exhaust near the engine. Exhaust gases pass through the cellular ceramic substrate, a honeycomb-like filter. While compact, the intricate honeycomb structure provides a surface area of 23.000 square metres. This is coated with a thin layer of platinum, palladium and rhodium metals, which act as catalysts that simulate a reaction to changes in the chemical composition of the gases. Platinum and palladium convert hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water vapour. Rhodium changes nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons into nitrogen and water, which are harmless. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 katalyse
 	English: catalysis
 	English definition: A phenomenon in which a relatively small amount of substance augments the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed. (Source: MGH)
 
 kation
 	English: cation
 	English definition: A positively charged atom or group of atoms, or a radical which moves to the negative pole (cathode) during electrolysis. (Source: MGH)
 
 katoen
 	English: cotton
 	English definition: The most economical natural fiber, obtained from plants of the genus Gossypium, used in making fabrics, cordage, and padding and for producing artificial fibers and cellulose. (Source: MGH)
 
 kennis hart-en vaatziekten
 	English: cardiology
 	English definition: The study of the heart. (Source: MGH)
 
 kerk
 	English: church
 	English definition: A building for religious activities. (Source: CAMB)
 
 kernbrandstof
 	English: nuclear fuel
 	English definition: Nuclear fuels are obtained from inorganic minerals extracted by mining. Although they are at least partially consumed when used in nuclear reactors for the production of heat, they differ from fossil fuels in the way they release energy. Burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, is a chemical reaction. Nuclear fuels, such as uranium, are destroyed by a process of spontaneous disintegration, called fission, and prompted by natural radioactivity. If the process is left to occur naturally in uranium-bearing rock, the rate of change is imperceptibly small. In a man-made nuclear reactor the energy-releasing processes of disintegration, which in the natural state happen slowly over thousands of millions of years, are compressed into minutes. The release of energy is harnessed to generate steam which drives electricity generators. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 kerncentrale
 	English: nuclear power plant
 	English definition: A power plant in which nuclear energy is converted into heat for use in producing steam for turbines, which in turn drive generators that produce electric power. (Source: MGH)
 
 kernenergie
 	English: nuclear energy
 	English definition: Energy released by nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. (Source: MGH)
 
 kernenergiegebruik
 	English: nuclear energy use
 	English definition: Nuclear energy is employed in the industrial sector, in the production of other energy types, in the medical and scientific research field, in transportation, in the production of nuclear weapons, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 kernfusie
 	English: nuclear fusion
 	English definition: Combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with release of some binding energy. (Source: MGH)
 
 kernfysica
 	English: nuclear physics
 	English definition: The study of the characteristics, behaviour and internal structures of the atomic nucleus. (Source: MGH)
 
 kernongeval
 	English: nuclear accident
 	English definition: An event occurring in a nuclear power plant or anywhere that radioactive materials are used, stored, or transported and involving the release of potentially dangerous levels of radioactive materials into the environment. (Source: FEMAa)
 
 kernontploffing (ongeval)
 	English: nuclear explosion (accident)
 	English definition: An unintentional release of energy from a rapid reaction of atomic nuclei yielding high temperatures and radiation potentially harmful to human health and the environment. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
 
 kernproef
 	English: nuclear test
 	English definition: Test performed to evaluate nuclear weapons. (Source: PHC)
 
 kernreactie
 	English: nuclear reaction
 	English definition: A reaction involving a change in an atomic nucleus, such as fission, fusion, neutron capture, or radioactive decay, as distinct from a chemical reaction, which is limited to changes in the electron structure surrounding the nucleus. (Source: MGH)
 
 kernreactor
 	English: nuclear reactor
 	English definition: Device which creates heat and energy by starting and controlling atomic fission. (Source: PHC)
 
 kernsplitsing
 	English: nuclear fission
 	English definition: The division of an atomic nucleus into parts of comparable mass; usually restricted to heavier nuclei such as isotopes of uranium, plutonium, and thorium. (Source: MGH)
 
 kernwapen
 	English: nuclear weapon
 	English definition: Any bomb, warhead, or projectile using active nuclear material to cause a chain reaction upon detonation. (Source: MGH)
 
 kerosine
 	English: kerosene
 	English definition: A thin oil distilled from petroleum or shale oil, used as a fuel for heating and cooking, in lamps, and as a denaturant for alcohol. (Source: AMHER)
 
 ketenbeheer
 	English: chain management
 	English definition: The administration, organization and planning for the flow of materials or merchandise through various stages of production and distribution, involving a network of vendors, suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and other trading partners. (Source: MSE)
 
 keuringsdienst
 	English: inspection service
 	English definition: An organization designated to look into, supervise and report upon, the staff members and workings of some institution or department, or the conforming to laws and regulations by a segment of society or other group. (Source: OED)
 
 keuze van technologie
 	English: selection of technology
 
 kevers
 	English: beetle
 	English definition: Any insect of the order Coleoptera, having biting mouthparts and forewings modified to form shell-like protective elytra. (Source: CED)
 
 kieming
 	English: germination
 	English definition: The beginning or the process of development of a spore or seed. (Source: MGH)
 
 kiemplasma
 	English: germ plasm
 	English definition: The hereditary material transmitted to the offspring via the gametes. (Source: LBC)
 
 kikkers
 	English: frog
 	English definition: Any insectivorous anuran amphibian of the family Ranidae, such as Rana temporaria of Europe, having a short squat tailless body with a moist smooth skin and very long hind legs specialized for hopping. (Source: CED)
 
 kind
 	English: child
 	English definition: A person below the age of puberty. (Source: ISEP)
 
 kindersterfte
 	English: infant mortality
 	English definition: The rate of deaths occurring in the first year of life for a given population. (Source: MED)
 
 klachtrecht
 	English: petition right
 	English definition: A legal guarantee or just claim enabling a citizen or employee to compose and submit a formal written request to an authority asking for some benefit or favor or for intervention and redress of some wrong. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 klaring
 	English: racking
 	English definition: The mechanical dewatering of a wet solid by pouring off the liquid without disturbing the underlying sediment or precipitate. (Source: LEE)
 
 klaring van een vloeistof
 	English: decantation
 	English definition: Sizing or classifying particulate matter by suspension in a fluid (liquid or gas), the larger particulates tending to separate by sinking. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 kleding
 	English: clothing
 	English definition: Clothes considered as a group. (Source: AMHER)
 
 kledingindustrie
 	English: clothing industry
 
 kleefstof
 	English: adhesive
 	English definition: Substance used for sticking objects together, such as glue, cement, or paste. (Source: CED)
 
 klei
 	English: clay
 	English definition: A loose, earthy, extremely fine-grained, natural sediment or soft rock composed primarily of clay-size or colloidal particles and characterized by high plasticity and by a considerable content of clay mineral and subordinate amounts of finely divided quartz, decomposed feldspar, carbonates, ferruginous matter, and other impurities; it forms a plastic, moldable mass when finely ground and mixed with water, retains its shape on drying, and becomes firm, rocklike and permanently hard on heating or firing. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 Kleine Eilanden
 	English: Small Islands (political geography)
 
 kleine electriciteitscentrale
 	English: small power station
 	English definition: Power station of small size for the generation of energy at local level. (Source: RRDA)
 
 kleine en middelgrote industrieen
 	English: small and medium sized industry
 
 kleinschalige oven
 	English: small-scale furnace
 	English definition: Small enclosed structures containing a heat source, typically used for the purpose of intense heating. Most are lined with refractory material, the heat source is typically provided by electrical elements or the burning of gas, coke or coal. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 kleinschalige stroomopwekker
 	English: small-scale inducer
 	English definition: A domestic source introducing small quantities of pollutants into a publicly owned waste-treatment system. (Source: EPAGLOa)
 
 kleur
 	English: colour
 	English definition: An attribute of things that results from the light they reflect, transmit, or emit in so far as this light causes a visual sensation that depends on its wavelengths. (Source: CED)
 
 kleursamenstelling
 	English: colour composition
 	English definition: A remote-sensing term referring to the process of assigning different colours to different spectral bands. The colour picture formed by this process is called a 'colour composite' (a colour image produced through optical combination of multiband images by projection through filters) and is produced by assigning a colour to an image of the Earth's surface recorded in a particular waveband. For a Landsat colour composite, the green waveband is coloured blue, the red waveband is coloured green and the infrared waveband is coloured red. This produces an image closely approximating a false colour photograph. Colour composite images are easier to interpret than separate images recording different wavebands. US national experimental crop inventories are based upon visual interpretation of Landsat colour composites. (Source: RRDA /  WHIT)
 
 kleurstof
 	English: dye
 	English definition: A coloring material. (Source: LEE)
 
 klif
 	English: cliff
 	English definition: A steep coastal declivity which may or may not be precipitous, the slope angle being dependent partly on the jointing, bedding and hardness of the materials from which the cliff has been formed, and partly on the erosional processes at work. Where wave attack is dominant the cliff-foot will be rapidly eroded and cliff retreat will take place, especially in unconsolidated materials such as clays, sands, etc., frequently leaving behind an abrasion platform at the foot of the cliff. (Source: WHIT)
 
 klimaat
 	English: climate
 	English definition: The average weather condition in a region of the world. Many aspects of the Earth's geography affect the climate. Equatorial, or low, latitudes are hotter than the polar latitudes because of the angle at which the rays of sunlight arrive at the Earth's surface. The difference in temperature at the equator and at the poles has an influence on the global circulation of huge masses of air. Cool air at the poles sinks and spreads along the surface of the Earth towards the equator. Cool air forces its way under the lower density warmer air in the lower regions, pushing the lighter air up and toward the poles, where it will cool and descend. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 klimaat
 	English: climate
 
 klimaatbescherming
 	English: climate protection
 	English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm from pollution to natural weather conditions or patterns, including the prevailing temperature, atmospheric composition and precipitation. (Source: DOE /  RHW)
 
 klimaatexperiment
 	English: climatic experiment
 	English definition: Experiments conducted to estimate future climatic conditions employing modelling of the physical processes underlying climatic change and variability; also, assessments are required of uncertain future man-made inputs such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other green-house gases. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 klimaatfactor
 	English: climatic factor
 	English definition: Physical conditions that determine the climate in a given area, e.g. latitude, altitude, ocean streams, etc. (Source: UNUN)
 
 klimaatschommeling
 	English: climatic alteration
 	English definition: The slow variation of climatic characteristics over time at a given place. This may be indicated by the geological record in the long term, by changes in the landforms in the intermediate term, and by vegetation changes in the short term. (Source: WHIT)
 
 klimaattype
 	English: climate type
 	English definition: Weather conditions typical of areas roughly corresponding to lines of latitude. (Source: CEDa)
 
 klimaatverandering
 	English: climatic change
 	English definition: The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. (Source: GSFC)
 
 klimaatzone
 	English: climatic zone
 	English definition: A belt of the earth's surface within which the climate is generally homogeneous in some respect; an elemental region of a simple climatic classification. (Source: MGH)
 
 klimatologie
 	English: climatology
 	English definition: That branch of meteorology concerned with the mean physical state of the atmosphere together with its statistical variations in both space and time as reflected in the weather behaviour over a period of many years. (Source: MGH)
 
 klimplant [muur]
 	English: climbing plant (wall)
 	English definition: A plant that lacks rigidity and grows upwards by twining, scrambling, or clinging with tendrils and suckers. (Source: CED)
 
 kloof
 	English: canyon
 	English definition: A long deep, relatively narrow steep-sided valley confined between lofty and precipitous walls in a plateau or mountainous area, often with a stream at the bottom; similar to, but largest than, a gorge. It is characteristic of an arid or semiarid area (such as western U.S.) where stream downcutting greatly exceeds weathering. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 knaagdieren
 	English: rodent
 	English definition: Any of the relatively small placental mammals that constitute the order Rodentia, having constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing. (Source: MGH)
 
 knalpot
 	English: silencer
 	English definition: Any device designed to reduce noise, especially the device in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. (Source: CED)
 
 kobalt
 	English: cobalt
 	English definition: A metallic element used chiefly in alloys. (Source: MGH)
 
 koelen
 	English: cooling
 	English definition: Setting aside a highly radioactive material until the radioactivity has diminished to a desired level. (Source: MGH)
 
 koelindustrie
 	English: refrigeration industry
 
 koeling; kunstmatige koeling
 	English: refrigeration
 	English definition: The cooling of substances, usually food, below the environmental temperature for preservative purposes. Refrigeration is responsible for the largest and fastest-growing use of CFCs in the developing world. The industrial countries, and some developing countries, have taken exceptional steps to control and, eventually, ban the production of CFCs and other ozone-depleting materials by the year 2000. However, many developing nations have not signed the Montreal Protocol because they are afraid that the cost of changing over to alternative, ozone-friendly technology will be too high. (Source: MGHa /  WRIGHT)
 
 koelkast
 	English: refrigerator
 	English definition: An appliance, a cabinet, or a room for storing food or other substances at a low temperature. (Source: AMHER)
 
 koelmiddel
 	English: refrigerant
 	English definition: A substance that by undergoing a change in phase (liquid to gas, gas to liquid) releases or absorbs a large latent heat in relation to its volume, and thus effects a considerable cooling effect. (Source: MGH)
 
 koelolie
 	English: cooling oil
 	English definition: Oil used as a cooling agent, either with forced circulation or with natural circulation. (Source: ECHO2a)
 
 koeltoren
 	English: cooling tower
 	English definition: A device that aids in heat removal from water used as a coolant in electric power generating plants. (Source: LANDY)
 
 koelwater
 	English: cooling water
 	English definition: Water used to make something less hot, such as the irradiated elements from a nuclear reactor or the engine of a machine. (Source: PHC)
 
 koepelbeleid (verhandelbare emissierechten)
 	English: bubble policy (emissions trading)
 	English definition: EPA policy that allows a plant complex with several facilities to decrease pollution from some facilities while increasing it from others, so long as total results are equal to or better than previous limits. Facilities where this is done are treated as if they exist in a bubble in which total emissions are averaged out. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 kolentechnologie
 	English: coal technology
 	English definition: The processing of coal to make gaseous and liquid fuels. (Source: ENVAR)
 
 kolonisatie
 	English: colonisation
 	English definition: The successful invasion of a new habitat by a species. (Source: LBC)
 
 kookpunt
 	English: boiling point
 	English definition: The temperature at which the transition from the liquid to the gaseous phase occurs in a pure substance at fixed pressure. (Source: MGH)
 
 kooldioxide
 	English: carbon dioxide
 	English definition: A colourless gas with a faint tingling smell and taste. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the source of carbon for plants. As carbon dioxide is heavier than air and does not support combustion, it is used in fire extinguishers. It is a normal constituent of the atmosphere, relatively innocuous in itself but playing an important role in the greenhouse effect. It is produced during the combustion of fossil fuels when the carbon content of the fuels reacts with the oxygen during combustion. It is also produced when living organisms respire. It is essential for plant nutrition and in the ocean phytoplankton is capable of absorbing and releasing large quantities of the gas. (Source: UVAROV /  GILP96)
 
 koolhydraat
 	English: carbohydrate
 	English definition: Any of the group of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including sugars, starches and celluloses. (Source: MGH)
 
 koolmonoxide
 	English: carbon monoxide
 	English definition: Colorless, odourless, tasteless, non-corrosive, highly poisonous gas of about the same density as that of air. Very flammable, burning in air with bright blue flame. Although each molecule of CO has one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, it has a shape similar to that of an oxygen molecule (two atoms of oxygen), which is important with regard to it's lethality. (Source: PHYMAC)
 
 koolstof
 	English: carbon
 	English definition: A nonmetallic element existing in the three crystalline forms: graphite, diamond and buckminsterfullerene: occurring in carbon dioxide, coal, oil and all organic compounds. (Source: CED)
 
 koolstofcyclus
 	English: carbon cycle
 	English definition: The cycle of carbon in the biosphere, in which plants convert carbon dioxide to organic compounds that are consumed by plants and animals, and the carbon is returned to the biosphere in inorganic form by processes of respiration and decay. (Source: MGH)
 
 koolwaterstof
 	English: hydrocarbon
 	English definition: A very large group of chemical compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen. (Source: MGH)
 
 koolwaterstoftank
 	English: hydrocarbon storage tank
 	English definition: A container or a reservoir for the storage of hydrocarbons. (Source: MGH)
 
 koolzuurheffing
 	English: carbon dioxide tax
 	English definition: Compulsory charges levied on fuels to reduce the output of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a colourless and odourless gas substance that is incombustible. (Source: ODE /  RHW)
 
 koop
 	English: purchase
 	English definition: The acquisition or the act of buying something by payment of money or its equivalent. (Source: RHW)
 
 koopvaardij
 	English: merchant shipping
 	English definition: Transportation of persons and goods by means of ships travelling along fixed navigation routes. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 koper
 	English: copper
 	English definition: A chemical element; one of the most important nonferrous metals; a ductile and malleable metal found in various ores and used in industry, engineering, and the arts in both pure and alloyed form. (Source: MGH)
 
 koppotigen
 	English: cephalopod
 	English definition: Exclusively marine animals constituting the most advanced class of the Mollusca, including squid, octopuses, and Nautilus. (Source: MGH)
 
 koraalrif
 	English: coral reef
 	English definition: Coral reefs have been built up from the skeletons of reef-building coral a small primitive marine animal, and other marine animals and algae over thousands of years. They occur in clear, shallow and sunlit seas. Coral reefs are one of the most productive and diverse ecosystems and are estimated to yield about 12% of the world's fish catch. They are very vulnerable to any change in their environment, especially pollution, because it makes the water opaque. They must have light in order that photosyntesis by the algae can take place. Like trees, corals reflect the environmental conditions in which they grow, indicating marine pollution, sea-surface temperature and other aquatic conditions. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 koraalriflagune
 	English: coral reef lagoon
 	English definition: A coastal stretch of shallow saltwater virtually cut off from the open sea by a coral reef. (Source: WHIT)
 
 koralen
 	English: coral
 	English definition: The skeleton of certain solitary and colonial anthozoan coelenterates; composed chiefly of calcium carbonate. (Source: MGH)
 
 korstmossen
 	English: lichen
 	English definition: Composite organisms formed by the symbiosis between species of fungi and an algae. They are either crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks, stone walls, roofs or garden paths. Because they have no actual roots they get their sustenance from the atmosphere and rainwater. Lichens play an important role in the detection and monitoring of pollution, especially sulphur dioxide, as they are highly sensitive to pollution and different species disappear if pollution reaches specific levels. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 kosmische straling
 	English: cosmic radiation
 	English definition: Radiations consisting of atomic nuclei, especially protons, of very high energy that reach the earth from outer space. Some cosmic radiations are very energetic and are able to penetrate a mile or more into the Earth. (Source: CED /  WRIGHT)
 
 kosten
 	English: cost
 	English definition: In economics, the value of the factors of production used by a firm in producing or distributing goods and services or engaging in both activities. (Source: GREENW)
 
 kosten van de binnenlandse economie
 	English: national economic costs
 	English definition: The amount of money incurred as a result of the financial management of a nation's financial resources. (Source: EFP / RHW)
 
 kosten van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution cost
 	English definition: The amount of money incurred as a result of human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical, and radiological integrity of air, water, and other media. (Source: EFP / TOE)
 
 kosten-baten
 	English: cost-benefit
 	English definition: Relation between costs of a certain activity and its benefits to a certain community.
 
 kosten-baten analyse
 	English: cost-benefit analysis
 	English definition: The attempt to assess, compare and frequently justify the total price or loss represented by a certain activity or expenditure with the advantage or service it provides. (Source: ODE)
 
 kostentoename
 	English: cost increase
 	English definition: The augmentation or rise in the amount of money incurred or asked for in the exchange of goods and services. (Source: ISEP /  EFP)
 
 kostenvermindering
 	English: cost reduction
 	English definition: The lessening or lowering in the amount of money incurred or asked for in the exchange of goods and services. (Source: ISEP /  EFP)
 
 koude
 	English: cold
 
 krachtcentrale op basis van afval
 	English: waste-fed power station
 	English definition: Power station that functions with refuse-derived fuel. (Source: PARCORa)
 
 krediet
 	English: credit
 	English definition: The financial facility or system by which goods and services are provided in return for deferred, instead of immediate, payment. (Source: ODE)
 
 kredietbeleid
 	English: credit policy
 	English definition: An official course of action adopted by a business, financial institution or state to regulate, restrict or increase deferred payment arrangements for goods, services or money. (Source: ODE)
 
 kredietbijstand
 	English: credit assistance
 	English definition: The help and support from banks and other financial institutions in providing money or goods without requiring present payment. (Source: ISEP /  OED)
 
 kreeftachtigen
 	English: crustacean
 	English definition: A class of arthropod animals having jointed feet and mandibles, two pairs of antennae, and segmented, chitin-encased bodies. (Source: MGH)
 
 kreek
 	English: creek
 	English definition: A narrow inlet or bay, especially of the sea. (Source: CED)
 
 krijt
 	English: chalk
 	English definition: A soft, pure, earthy, fine-textured, usually white to light gray or buff limestone of marine origin, consisting almost wholly (90-99%) of calcite, formed mainly by shallow-water accumulation of calcareous tests of floating microorganisms (chiefly foraminifers) and of comminuted remains of calcareous algae (such as cocoliths and rhabdoliths), set in a structureless matrix of very finely crystalline calcite. The rock is porous, somewhat friable, and only slightly coherent. It may include the remains of bottom-dwelling forms (e.g. ammonites, echinoderms, and pelecypods), and nodules of chert and pyrite. The best known and most widespread chalks are of Cretaceous age, such as those exposed in cliffs on both sides of the English Channel. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 kringloop [verschijnsel]
 	English: cycle (phenomenon)
 	English definition: A completed series of events that follows or is followed by another series of similar events occurring in the same sequence. (Source: CED)
 
 kringloopnijverheid
 	English: reclamation industry
 	English definition: Industry for the transformation of solid waste into useful products. (Source: GRN)
 
 kringlooppapier
 	English: recycled paper
 	English definition: Paper that has been separated from the solid waste stream for utilization as a raw material in the manufacture of a new product. Not all paper in the waste stream is recyclable. It may be heavily contaminated or otherwise unusable. (Source: LEE)
 
 kringloopplastic
 	English: recyclable plastic
 	English definition: Plastic waste that can be transformed into new products. (Source: RRDA)
 
 kristallografie
 	English: crystallography
 	English definition: The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. (Source: MGH)
 
 kritisch niveau
 	English: critical level
 	English definition: General term referring to the concentration limit beyond which a substance can cause dangerous effects to living organisms. (Source: RRDA)
 
 kritische belasting
 	English: critical load
 	English definition: The maximum load that a given system can tolerate before failing. (Source: GRAHAWa)
 
 krokodillen
 	English: crocodile
 	English definition: Any large tropical reptile of the family Crocodylidae: order Crocodylia. They have a broad head, tapering snout, massive jaws, and a thick outer covering of bony plates. (Source: CED)
 
 kruising
 	English: hybridisation
 	English definition: The act or process of producing hybrids that is an animal or plant resulting from a cross between genetically unlike individuals. Hybrids between different species are usually sterile. (Source: MGH)
 
 kunst
 	English: art
 	English definition: The creation of works of beauty or other special significance. (Source: CED)
 
 kunstmaan
 	English: artificial satellite
 	English definition: Any man-made object placed in a near-periodic orbit in which it moves mainly under the gravitational influence of one celestial body, such as the earth, sun, another planet, or a planet's moon. (Source: MGH)
 
 kunstmatige voortplanting
 	English: artificial reproductive technique
 
 kunststof
 	English: synthetic material
 	English definition: Material made artificially by chemical reaction. (Source: CEDa)
 
 kunststofverwerkende industrie
 	English: synthetic materials industry
 
 kunstvezel
 	English: synthetic textile fibre
 	English definition: An artificially produced filament or threadlike strand used by manufacturers to produce clothes or other goods that require weaving, knitting or felting, including polyester, nylon, rayon and other similar material. (Source: INP / RHW)
 
 kunstvezelindustrie
 	English: synthetic fibres industry
 
 kurk
 	English: cork
 	English definition: The thick light porous outer bark of the cork oak, used widely as an insulator and for stoppers for bottles, casks, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 kust
 	English: coast
 	English definition: A line or zone where the land meets the sea or some other large expanse of water. (Source: CED)
 
 kust(strook)
 	English: seashore
 	English definition: The zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the low water-line to where there is marked change in material or physiographic form or to the line of permanent vegetation. (Source: MGH)
 
 kustbeheer
 	English: coastal management
 	English definition: Measures by way of planning, prior approval of works, prohibition of some activities, physical structures, and restoration efforts to protect the coastline against the ravages of nature and haphazard and unplanned developments. (Source: GILP96)
 
 kustbescherming
 	English: coast protection
 	English definition: A form of environmental management designed to allay the progressive degradation of the land by coastal erosion processes. Sea defence works can be undertaken to protect the land from erosion and encroachment by the sea and against flooding. These involve engineering solutions such as groynes, sea walls, bulkheads, revetments and breakwaters. (Source: GOOD)
 
 kustecosysteem
 	English: coastal ecosystem
 	English definition: Marine environments bounded by the coastal land margin (seashore) and the continental shelf 100-200 m below sea level. Ecologically, the coastal and nearshore zones grade from shallow water depths, influenced by the adjacent landmass and input from coastal rivers and estuaries, to the continental shelf break, where oceanic processes predominate. Among the unique marine ecosystems associated with coastal and nearshore waterbodies are seaweed-dominated communities, coral reefs and upwellings. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 kusterosie
 	English: coastal erosion
 	English definition: The gradual wearing away of material from a coast by the action of sea water. (Source: GREMESa)
 
 kustgebied
 	English: coastal area
 	English definition: The areas of land and sea bordering the shoreline and extending seaward through the breaker zone. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 kustmilieu
 	English: coastal environment
 	English definition: The areas where the land masses meet the seas. Coastal environments include tidal wetlands, estuaries, bays, shallow near-shore waters, mangrove swamps, and in-shore reef systems. The critical habitats of these zones are: feeding, breeding, nursery, and resting areas. Coastal areas throughout the world are under enormous environmental stress, which is caused by a wide range of factors, including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats. (Source: GILP96 /  WRIGHT)
 
 kustontwikkeling
 	English: coastal development
 	English definition: Concentration of human settlements, infrastructures and economical activities along the coasts, being these areas very favourable for trade, communication and marine resources exploitation; the impact of the accelerated population growth and of the industrial and touristic development in these areas has caused the disruption of the ecological integrity of the coastal zones. (Source: DIFIDa /  RRDA)
 
 kustvervuiling
 	English: coastal pollution
 	English definition: The presence, release or introduction of polluting substances in or onto the seashore or the land near it. (Source: TOE / DOE / RHW)
 
 kustvisserij
 	English: coastal fishing
 	English definition: Fishing in an area of the sea next to the shoreline. (Source: PHC)
 
 kustwacht
 	English: coastguard
 	English definition: A maritime force which aids shipping, saves lives at sea, prevents smuggling, etc. It also responds to emergencies involving oil spills and other discharges at sea and takes the lead in enforcing the law, including assessing penalties for environmental violations. (Source: CED /  PATHUL)
 
 kustwater
 	English: coastal water
 	English definition: Coastal waters are typically characterized by a shallow continental shelf, gently sloping seaward to a continental slope, which drops relatively abruptly to the deep ocean. The proximity of coastal water to land also influences the water circulation. In the vicinity of freshwater inflows, the nearshore circulation is altered by the presence of density-driven motions. Coastal waters are under enormous environmental stress, caused by a wide range of factors including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 kwaliteitsbewaking
 	English: quality control
 	English definition: The inspection, analysis, and other relevant actions taken to provide control over what is being done, manufactured, or fabricated, so that a desirable level of quality is achieved and maintained. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 kwaliteitscertificatie
 	English: quality certification
 	English definition: The formal assertion in writing that a commodity, service or other product has attained a recognized and relatively high grade or level of excellence. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 kwaliteitsdoel(stelling)
 	English: quality objective
 	English definition: Any goal or target established for a product, service or endeavor that aspires to attain a relatively high grade or level of excellence. (Source: RHW)
 
 kwaliteitsnorm
 	English: quality standard
 
 kwaliteitsnorm voor woningen
 	English: housing quality standard
 	English definition: A norm or measure applicable in legal cases and considered to reflect a relatively high grade or level of excellence in the construction, maintenance, operation, occupancy, use or appearance of dwelling units. (Source: BLD)
 
 kwaliteitswaarborg
 	English: quality assurance
 
 kwekerij; plantenkwekerij
 	English: nursery (plant breeding)
 	English definition: Place where plants are grown until they are large enough to be planted in their final positions. (Source: PHC)
 
 kwel
 	English: water seepage
 	English definition: The slow movement of water through small openings and spaces in the surface of unsaturated soil into or out of a body of surface or subsurface water. (Source: MGH)
 
 kwelwater
 	English: seepage water
 	English definition: Water that moves slowly through small openings of a porous material such as soil or the amount of water that has been involved in seepage. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 kwetsbare soort
 	English: vulnerable species  (IUCN)
 	English definition: Species which is likely to become endangered unless protective measures are taken. (Source: PHC)
 
 kwik
 	English: mercury
 	English definition: A heavy silvery-white toxic liquid metallic element occurring principally in cinnabar: used in thermometers, barometers, mercury-vapour lamps, and dental amalgams. (Source: CED)
 
 kwikverontreiniging
 	English: mercury contamination
 	English definition: The presence and release into the air, water and soil of mercury, a naturally occurring heavy metal element, by both natural occurrences such as vaporization and human activities such as burning coal, mining and smelting. (Source: FFD / EEN)
 
 laag debiet
 	English: low flow
 	English definition: Phase of lowest level of a water course. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 laagvlakte; vlakte
 	English: plain
 	English definition: An extensive, broad tract of level or rolling, almost treeless land with a shrubby vegetation, usually at a low elevation. (Source: MGH)
 
 laagvliegerij
 	English: low-level flight
 	English definition: Flying at low altitude. (Source: RRDA)
 
 laboratorium
 	English: laboratory
 	English definition: A room or building with scientific equipment for doing scientific tests or for teaching science, or a place where chemicals or medicines are produced. (Source: CAMB)
 
 laboratoriumafval
 	English: laboratory waste
 	English definition: Discarded materials produced by analytical and research activities in a laboratory. (Source: ERG)
 
 laboratoriumexperiment
 	English: laboratory experiment
 	English definition: Tests or investigations carried out in a laboratory. (Source: CEDa)
 
 laboratoriumonderzoek
 	English: laboratory research
 	English definition: Research carried out in a laboratory for testing chemical substances, growing tissues in cultures, or performing microbiological, biochemical, hematological, microscopical, immunological, parasitological tests, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 laboratoriumprocedure
 	English: laboratory technique
 
 laboratoriumproef
 	English: laboratory test
 	English definition: Tests, examinations or evaluations performed in a laboratory. (Source: KOREN)
 
 ladingsgewijs proces
 	English: batch process
 	English definition: A process that is not in continuous or mass production; operations are carried out with discrete quantities of material or a limited number of items. (Source: MGH)
 
 lagere technologie
 	English: low-level technology
 	English definition: Any relatively unsophisticated technical equipment or method with an amplitude or functionality below what is available in a similar or comparable system. (Source: RHW / APD)
 
 lagune
 	English: lagoon
 	English definition: A body of water cut off from the open sea by coral reefs or sand bars. (Source: CED)
 
 lak
 	English: lacquer
 	English definition: A material which contains a substantial quantity of a cellulose derivative, most commonly nitrocellulose but sometimes a cellulose ester, such as cellulose acetate or cellulose butyrate, or a cellulose ether such as ethyl cellulose; used to give a glossy finish, especially on brass and other bright metals. (Source: MGH)
 
 lak
 	English: varnish
 	English definition: A transparent surface coating which is applied as a liquid and then changes to a hard solid; all varnishes are solutions of resinous materials in a solvent. (Source: MGH)
 
 lamp
 	English: lamp
 	English definition: A device that produces light, such as an electric lamp. (Source: MGH)
 
 land
 	English: land
 	English definition: A specified geographical tract of the Earth's surface including all its attributes, comprising its geology, superficial deposits, topography, hydrology, soils, flora and fauna, together with the results of past and present human activity, to the extent that these attributes exert a significant influence on the present and future land utilization. (Source: WHIT)
 
 land (landschap,aardrijkskunde)
 	English: land (landscape, geography)
 
 landbedekking
 	English: land cover
 	English definition: Land cover is the physical state of the land surface. It is the combination of vegetation, soil, rock, water and human-made structures, which make up the earth's landscape. The land cover is the interface between the earth's crust and the atmosphere, influencing the exchange of energy and matter in the climatic system and biogeochemical cycles. (Source: BRS)
 
 landbeheer en -inrichting
 	English: land management and planning
 	English definition: Operations for preparing and controlling the implementation of plans for organizing human activities on land. (Source: GOOD)
 
 landbeheerinterventiegebied
 	English: land-management intervention area
 	English definition: Any expanse of land which requires a person or agency with authority to interpose or interfere in how it is used or administrated. (Source: RHW)
 
 landbehoud
 	English: land conservation
 	English definition: The care, preservation and re-use of solid areas of the earth's surface, especially soil regions valued as a natural resource or utilized as an agricultural resource. (Source: TOE)
 
 landbouw
 	English: agriculture
 	English definition: The production of plants and animals useful to man, involving soil cultivation and the breeding and management of crops and livestock. (Source: MGH)
 
 landbouw
 	English: agriculture
 
 landbouw en milieu
 	English: agricultural ecology
 
 landbouw en veehouderij
 	English: agriculture and cattle industry
 	English definition: Large scale growing of crops and livestock grazing for profit. (Source: RRDA)
 
 landbouw(huis)dier
 	English: farm animal
 	English definition: Animals reared in farms for working and producing food such as meat, eggs and milk. (Source: CAMB)
 
 landbouw, bosbouw, veeteelt, visserij
 	English: agriculture, forestry; animal husbandry; fishery
 
 landbouwafval
 	English: agricultural effluent
 	English definition: Any solid, liquid or gas that enters the environment as a by-product of agricultural activities.
 
 landbouwafval
 	English: agricultural waste
 	English definition: Unusable materials, liquid or solid, that result from agricultural practices, such as fertilizers, pesticides, crop residue (such as orchard prunings) and cattle manure. (Source: HMD / MHD)
 
 landbouwbedrijf
 	English: farm
 	English definition: Any tract of land or building used for agricultural purposes, such as for raising crops and livestock. (Source: RHW)
 
 landbouwbeheer
 	English: agricultural management
 	English definition: The administration or handling of soil, crops and livestock. (Source: OED)
 
 landbouwbeleid
 	English: agricultural policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted by government or some other organization that determines how to deal with matters involving the cultivation of land; raising crops; feeding, breeding and raising livestock or poultry; and other farming issues. (Source: RHW)
 
 landbouweconomie
 	English: agricultural economics
 	English definition: An applied social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of agricultural or farming goods and services. (Source: AGP)
 
 landbouwexploitatie
 	English: agricultural exploitation
 
 landbouwgebouw
 	English: agricultural building
 	English definition: The buildings and adjacent service areas of a farm. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 landbouwgrond
 	English: agricultural land
 	English definition: Land used primarily for the production of plant or animal crops, including arable agriculture, dairying, pasturage, apiaries, horticulture, floriculture, viticulture, animal husbandry and the necessary lands and structures needed for packing, processing, treating, or storing the produce. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 landbouwgrondbezit
 	English: agricultural real estate
 	English definition: Property of agricultural land and anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings, fences, etc. (Source: WESTS)
 
 landbouwhydraulica
 	English: agricultural hydraulics
 	English definition: Science and technology involved in the management of water resources, in the control of erosion and in the removal of unwanted water. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 landbouwkunde
 	English: agronomy
 	English definition: The principles and procedures of soil management and of field crop and special-purpose plant improvement, management, and production. (Source: MGH)
 
 landbouwkundig kaderplan
 	English: agriculture framework plan
 	English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the management of soil, crops and livestock. (Source: OED)
 
 landbouwkundige onderwaardering
 	English: agricultural undervaluation
 	English definition: The underrating or diminishing in value of agricultural or farming goods and services. (Source: RHW)
 
 landbouwlandschap
 	English: agricultural landscape
 
 landbouwmachine
 	English: agricultural machinery
 	English definition: Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation and harvesting of crops. Despite its benefits in increasing yields, mechanisation has clearly had some adverse environmental effects: deep ploughing exposes more soil to wind and water erosion; crop residues can be removed as opposed to ploughing back into the soil; removal of residues can lead to a serious loss of organic content in the soil, which may increase the risk of soil erosion. (Source: MGH /  DOBRIS)
 
 landbouwmethode
 	English: agricultural method
 	English definition: Practices and techniques employed in agriculture to improve yields and productivity. Over the last few decades they have undergone big changes: tilling, sowing and harvesting have become increasingly mechanised, and the methods of applying fertilisers and pesticides have become more sophisticated. Many changes within the agricultural system can be summed up by 'intensification'. The result and aim of intensification has been to achieve increases in production, yields and labour productivity in agriculture. (Source: DOBRIS)
 
 landbouwonderneming
 	English: agricultural holding
 	English definition: As defined by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, an agricultural holding is simply a basic unit for agricultural production. (Source: GOOD)
 
 landbouwongedierte
 	English: agricultural pest
 	English definition: Insects and mites that damage crops, weeds that compete with field crops for nutrients and water, plants that choke irrigation channels or drainage systems, rodents that eat young plants and grain, and birds that eat seedlings or stored foodstuffs. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 landbouwopslag
 	English: agricultural storage
 	English definition: Any deposit or holdings of farm products, fertilizers, grains, feed and other related supplies in facilities or containers, often to prevent contamination or for times when production cannot meet demand. (Source: AGP)
 
 landbouwplanning
 	English: agricultural planning
 	English definition: The development of plans and measures to achieve greater and more efficient output from agriculture; a sound agricultural policy should be able to reconcile three basic needs: the production of food and agricultural products, the protection of the environment and the maintenance of the socio-economic structure of rural areas. (Source: DOBRISa)
 
 landbouwprijs
 	English: farm price
 	English definition: The amount of money or monetary rate at which agricultural goods and services can be bought or sold. (Source: RHW)
 
 landbouwproduct
 	English: agricultural product
 	English definition: The output of the cultivation of the soil. (Source: RRDA)
 
 landbouwproductie
 	English: agricultural production
 
 landbouwproductiemiddelen
 	English: means of agricultural production
 
 landbouwramp
 	English: agricultural disaster
 	English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment either affecting or caused by land cultivation or the raising of crops or livestock. (Source: ISEP /  APD)
 
 landbouwstructuur
 	English: agricultural structure
 	English definition: The buildings, machinery, facilities, related to agricultural production. (Source: RRDA)
 
 landbouwsysteem
 	English: agrosystem
 	English definition: Ecosystem dominated by the continuous agricultural intervention of man. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 landbouwtechniek
 	English: agricultural engineering
 	English definition: A discipline concerned with developing and improving the means for providing food and fiber for mankind's needs. (Source: MGH)
 
 landbouwtechniek
 	English: farming technique
 	English definition: The business, art, or skill of agriculture. (Source: CED)
 
 landbouwtoerisme
 	English: agritourism
 	English definition: Holidays organized in a farm: meals are prepared with natural products and guests are entertained with handicraft, sporting and agricultural activities. (Source: DIFID)
 
 landbouwuitrusting
 	English: agricultural equipment
 	English definition: Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation, and harvesting of crops. (Source: MGH)
 
 landbouwvervuiling
 	English: agricultural pollution
 	English definition: The liquid or solid wastes from farming, including: runoff from pesticides, fertilizers, and feedlots; erosion and dust from plowing; animal manure and carcasses, crop residues, and debris. (Source: LANDY)
 
 landbouwwaarde
 	English: agronomic value
 	English definition: The monetary or material worth at which buyers and sellers agree to do business for agricultural goods and services. (Source: AGP / RHW)
 
 landbouwwater
 	English: water for agricultural use
 	English definition: Water used in agriculture for irrigation and livestock. Livestock watering is only 1 percent of the total water withdrawal for agricultural use. Of all functional water uses, irrigation is the largest agricultural use of water. (Source: CORBIT)
 
 landbouwwetgeving
 	English: agricultural legislation
 	English definition: Agricultural law is a blend of traditional fields of law including the law of contracts, bailments, torts, criminal, environmental, property, nuisance, wills and estates, and tax law. As such, it is a gathering of statutory and common law. (Source: FREEAD)
 
 landecologie
 	English: land ecology
 	English definition: Study of the relationship between terrestrial organisms and their environment. (Source: PHC)
 
 landgebruik
 	English: land occupation
 	English definition: The use, settlement or possession of solid areas of the earth's surface. (Source: RHW)
 
 landherstel
 	English: land restoration
 	English definition: The treatment of any unusable land usually by filling with refuse or levelling until the land can be brought into productive use. (Source: ALL)
 
 landherstel in bergstreken
 	English: land restoration in mountain areas
 	English definition: Measures adopted to control erosion and degradation phenomena in the mountain regions caused by the loss of forest cover due to acid rain, uncontrolled forest cutting, winter skiing resorts construction, etc. (Source: DIZAMBa)
 
 landinrichting
 	English: land development
 	English definition: Planning of infrastructures, services and industrial settlements in order to promote the socio-economic growth of certain land area. (Source: DIFIDa)
 
 landinrichting
 	English: land planning
 	English definition: The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future use of solid areas of the earth's surface, especially regions valued for natural resources, utilized as agricultural resources or considered for human settlement. (Source: RHW)
 
 landinrichting
 	English: land setup
 	English definition: The formulation of regional objectives, plans and programmes and the harmonization of the regional effects of sectorial planning. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 landomgeving
 	English: terrestrial environment
 	English definition: The continental as distinct from the marine and atmospheric environments. It is the environment in which terrestrial organisms live. (Source: WHIT)
 
 landschap
 	English: landscape
 	English definition: The traits, patterns, and structure of a specific geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment, and its anthropogenic or social patterns. An area where interacting ecosystems are grouped and repeated in similar form. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 landschap na mijnbouw
 	English: landscape after mining
 	English definition: The process of mining disfigures the surface of the land, and in the absence of reclamation leads to permanent scars. The process spoils the vital topsoil, disrupts drainage patterns, destroys the productive capacity of agricultural and forest land and impairs their aesthetic and social value. (Source: WPRa)
 
 landschapsarchitectuur
 	English: landscape architecture
 	English definition: The creation, development, and decorative planting of gardens, grounds, parks, and other outdoor spaces. Landscape gardening is used to enhance nature helping to create a natural setting for individual residences and buildings, and even towns, particularly where special approaches and central settings are required. (Source: GILP96)
 
 landschapsbeheer
 	English: landscape management
 	English definition: Measures aiming at preserving landscape or controlling its transformations caused by anthropic activities or natural events. (Source: DIFID)
 
 landschapsbehoud
 	English: landscape conservation
 	English definition: The safeguarding, for public enjoyment, of landscape and of opportunities for outdoor recreation, tourism and similar activities; the concept includes the preservation and enhancement not only of what has been inherited but the provision of new amenities and facilities. (Source: GILP96)
 
 landschapsbehoudbeleid
 	English: landscape conservation policy
 
 landschapsbescherming
 	English: landscape protection
 	English definition: Elaboration and implementation of strategies and measures for the conservation, preservation, suitable use, and renewal of natural resources and nature or man-made components of landscape, in particular wildlife and natural systems of various standing. (Source: MOSGOV)
 
 landschapsecologie
 	English: landscape ecology
 	English definition: The study of landscapes taking account of the ecology of their biological populations. The subjects thus embraces geomorphology and ecology and is applied to the design and architecture of landscapes. (Source: ALL2)
 
 landschapselement
 	English: landscape component
 	English definition: In visual assessment work, landscapes can be divided into four major elements. a) Form is the perceived mass or shape of an object that appears unified, and which provides a consciousness of its distinction and relation of a whole to the component parts. b) Line is the real or imagined path, border, boundary, or intersection of two planes, such as a silhouette, that the eye follows when perceiving abrupt differences in form, colour or texture. c) Colour is a visual perception that enables the eye to differenciate otherwise identical objects based on the wavelengths of reflected light. d) Texture is the visual feel of a landscape. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 landschapsgebruik
 	English: landscape utilisation
 	English definition: Using landscape or parts of it for tourism, sports, or agriculture. (Source: RRDA)
 
 landschapsherkenning
 	English: scene identification
 	English definition: A numeric string which uniquely identifies an image component of a geographical information system database. (Source: MTE)
 
 landschapsherstel
 	English: recovery of landscape
 	English definition: Reclamation measures taken to restore the environmental quality level of a landscape to its predisturbed condition. (Source: AQDa)
 
 landschapsherstel van voormalige mijnbouwgebieden
 	English: mining site restoration
 	English definition: Mining is an intensive type of land use with potential for environmental impact over a limited area. When closure occurs, it should address both environmental and safety aspects. Mine reclamation is an ongoing program designed to restore to an acceptable state the physical, chemical and biological quality or potential of air, land and water regimes disturbed by mining. The objective of mine reclamation is to prevent or minimize adverse long-term environmental impacts, and create a self-sustaining ecosystem as near as practicable to what existed before the mining activity. (Source: NRCAN)
 
 landschapsplanning
 	English: landscape planning
 	English definition: The aspect of the land use planning process that deals with physical, biological, aesthetic, cultural, and historical values and with the relationships and planning between these values, land uses, and the environment. (Source: UNUN)
 
 landschapsverandering
 	English: landscape alteration
 	English definition: Landscapes might change through time as a result of human activities or natural processes such as fires or natural disasters. Changes in landscape structure can be documented by using data from aerial photographs or satellite images, and new technologies, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 landschapsverbruik
 	English: landscape consumption
 	English definition: Using parts of landscape in a way that heavily modifies its features. (Source: RRDA)
 
 landsgrens
 	English: national boundary
 	English definition: The line demarcating recognized limits of established political units. (Source: GOOD)
 
 landsverdediging(defensie) en milieu
 	English: military aspects
 
 landtong
 	English: headland (geography)
 	English definition: A cape or promontory jutting seawards from a coastline, usually with a significant sea cliff. (Source: WHIT)
 
 landvervuiling
 	English: land pollution
 	English definition: The presence of one or more contaminants upon or within an area of land, or its constituents. (Source: Landy)
 
 landvorming
 	English: land forming
 
 landzoogdier
 	English: land mammal
 
 langeafstandsverkeer
 	English: long-distance traffic
 	English definition: Traffic moving over extended areas, great distances and usually not subject to frequent stops.
 
 langeafstandsvervoer
 	English: long-distance transport
 	English definition: The conveyance of materials or commodities over land, water or through air in which a great distance is covered. (Source: RHW)
 
 langetermijneffect
 	English: long-term effect
 	English definition: Effects which will last long after the cause has ceased. (Source: RRDA)
 
 langetermijneffect van vervuilende stoffen
 	English: long-term effect of pollutants
 
 langetermijnexperiment
 	English: long-term experiment
 	English definition: 1) Experiment lasting for a relatively long period of time.2) Experiment whose results become effective after a long period of time. (Source: SHOOXa)
 
 langetermijntrend
 	English: long-term trend
 	English definition: The prevailing tendency or general direction expected for some observed value over a lengthy and extended period of time, often determined by studying and analyzing statistical data. (Source: RHW / APD)
 
 laser
 	English: laser
 	English definition: Acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation; a device that produces a powerful, highly directional, monochromatic, coherent beam of light. Laser consist of a transparent cylinder with a reflecting surface at one end and a partially reflecting surface at the other. Light waves are reflected back and forth, some of them emerging at the partially reflecting end. The light source may be a ruby, whose chromium atoms are excited by a flash lamp so that they emit pulses of highly coherent light, or a mixture of inert gases that produce a continuos beam, or a cube of treated gallium arsenide which emits infrared radiation when an electric current passes through it. (Source: ALL)
 
 lassen
 	English: welding
 	English definition: Joining two metals by applying heat to melt and fuse them, with or without filler metal. (Source: MGH)
 
 lawaaibeperking
 	English: noise reduction
 	English definition: The reduction in the sound pressure level of a noise, or the attenuation of unwanted sound by any means. (Source: CONFER)
 
 lawaaihinder door bouwactiviteiten
 	English: construction noise
 	English definition: Noise resulting from construction activities such as site preparation, site clearance, demolition of existing buildings, piling, concreting, erection of structures, etc.
 
 lawine
 	English: avalanche
 	English definition: A fall or slide of a large mass, as of snow or rock, down a mountainside. (Source: AMHER)
 
 leder
 	English: leather
 	English definition: The dressed or tanned hide of an animal, usually with the hair removed. (Source: AMHER)
 
 lederindustrie
 	English: leather industry
 	English definition: Industry for the production of leather goods such as garments, bags, etc. (Source: CEDa)
 
 leefbaarheid
 	English: quality of life
 	English definition: Quality of life is largely a matter of individual preference and perception and overlaps the concept of social well-being. Generally the emphasis is on the amount and distribution of impure public goods, such as health care and well-fare services, protection against crime, regulation of pollution, preservation of fine landscapes and hystoric townscapes. (Source: GOOD)
 
 leefmilieu
 	English: environment (natural environment, anthropic environment)
 
 leefnorm
 	English: living standard
 	English definition: A measurement of the development level in a country or community, gauged by factors such as personal income, education, life expectancy, food consumption, health care, technology and the use of natural resources. (Source: TEX)
 
 leefomgeving
 	English: living environment
 	English definition: External conditions or surroundings in which people live or work. (Source: CED)
 
 leefomgeving van in het wild levende planten en dieren
 	English: wildlife habitat
 	English definition: Suitable upland or wetland areas promoting survival of wildlife. (Source: LANDY)
 
 leefruimte
 	English: living space
 	English definition: Any room, structure or area used as a residence and associated with subsistence activities, including sleeping, relaxing or eating. (Source: RHW)
 
 leeftijd
 	English: age
 	English definition: The period of time that a person, animal or plant has lived or is expected to live. (Source: CED)
 
 leefwijze
 	English: lifestyle
 	English definition: The particular attitudes, habits or behaviour associated with an individual or group. (Source: CED)
 
 leegruimen van land
 	English: land clearing
 	English definition: Removal of trees, undergrowth, etc. in preparation for ploughing, building, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 leer [wet]
 	English: doctrine (law)
 	English definition: A rule, principle, theory, or tenet of the law, as the doctrine of merger, the doctrine of relation, etc. (Source: WESTS)
 
 leer van het bloed
 	English: haematology
 	English definition: The branch of medical science concerned with diseases of the blood. (Source: CED)
 
 leerplan
 	English: curriculum
 	English definition: The aggregate of courses of study provided in a particular school, college, university, adult education program, technical institution or some other educational program. (Source: RHW)
 
 legering
 	English: alloy
 	English definition: Any of a large number of substances having metallic properties and consisting of two or more elements; with few exceptions, the components are usually metallic elements. (Source: MGH)
 
 legger van het kadaster
 	English: land register
 	English definition: A register or survey of land, containing information on the surface of properties, tenants' names, commencing with the earliest owners through successive ownership and partitions, and such like. (Source: CED /  WESTS /  HARRIS)
 
 leiding; pijpleiding
 	English: pipeline
 	English definition: A line of pipe connected to valves and other control devices, for conducting fluids, gases, or finely divided solids. (Source: MGH)
 
 lek
 	English: leakage
 	English definition: The accidental, uncontrolled discharge or seepage of liquids, gases and other substances to unintended and unwanted locations, frequently causing risks of damage or harm to persons, property or the environment. (Source: WWC)
 
 lengtegraad (geografisch)
 	English: longitude
 	English definition: Distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian at 0deg measured by the angle between the plane of the prime meridian and that of the meridian through the point in question, or by the corresponding time difference. (Source: CED)
 
 letsel
 	English: injury
 	English definition: A stress upon an organism that disrupts the structure or function and results in a pathological process. (Source: KOREN)
 
 letterkunde
 	English: literature
 	English definition: Written material such as poetry, novels, essays, especially works of imagination characterized by excellence of style and expression and by themes of general or enduring interest. (Source: CED)
 
 letterkundig gegevensbestand
 	English: literature data bank
 	English definition: A fund of information on a particular subject or group of related subjects, divided into discrete documents and usually stored in and used with a computer system. (Source: RHW)
 
 letterkundig onderzoek
 	English: literature study
 	English definition: The identification, description, analysis and classification of books and other materials used or consulted in the preparation of a work. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 letterkundige evaluatie
 	English: literature evaluation
 	English definition: The action of evaluating or judging the quality or character of written materials such as poetry, essays, novels, biographies and historical writings. (Source: RHW)
 
 leukemie
 	English: leukaemia
 	English definition: A progressive, malignant disease of the blood forming organs; a distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. (Source: KOREN)
 
 levende toestand
 	English: living condition
 	English definition: An element or characteristic of a habitation considered in light of its ability to sustain and promote the health and general well-being of occupants. (Source: RHW)
 
 levenscyclus
 	English: life cycle
 	English definition: The phases, changes, or stages through which an organism passes throughout its lifetime. (Source: UNUN)
 
 levenscyclus van een product
 	English: product life cycle
 	English definition: A product life cycle includes the following phases: acquisition of raw materials, production, packaging, distribution, use, recyling, and disposal. (Source: HELIOSa)
 
 levenscyclus van materialen
 	English: material life cycle
 	English definition: All the stages involved in the manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management of materials. (Source: PORT)
 
 levenswetenschappen
 	English: life science
 	English definition: A science based on living organisms collectively. (Source: CED)
 
 libellen
 	English: dragonfly
 	English definition: Any of the insects composing six families of the suborder Anisoptera and having four large, membranous wings and compound eyes that provide keen vision. (Source: MGH)
 
 libellen
 	English: odonate
 
 lichamelijk gehandicapte
 	English: disabled person
 	English definition: Person lacking one or more physical power, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment. (Source: CED)
 
 lichamelijke behandeling
 	English: physical treatment
 	English definition: Processes that separate components of a waste stream or change the physical form of the waste without altering the chemical structure of the constituent materials. Physical treatment techniques are often used to separate the materials within the waste stream so that they can be reused or detoxified by chemical or biological treatment or destroyed by high-temperature incineration. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 lichamelijke toestand
 	English: physical conditions
 
 lichamelijke verandering
 	English: physical alteration
 	English definition: Any change in a body or substance that does not involve an alteration in its chemical composition. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 licht
 	English: light
 	English definition: Electromagnetic radiation that is capable of causing a visual sensation. (Source: CED)
 
 lijkbezorging
 	English: disposal of the dead
 
 lijm
 	English: glue
 	English definition: A crude, impure, amber-colored form of commercial gelatin of unknown detailed composition produced by the hydrolysis of animal collagen; gelatinizes in aqueous solutions and dries to form a strong, adhesive layer. (Source: MGH)
 
 lijn
 	English: line
 	English definition: Term used in GIS technologies in the vector type of internal data organization: spatial data are divided into point, line and polygon types. In most cases, point entities (nodes) are specified directly as coordinate pairs, with lines (arcs or edges) represented as chains of points. Regions are similarly defined in terms of the lines which form their boundaries. Some vector GIS store information in the form of points, line segments and point pairs; others maintain closed lists of points defining polygon regions. Vector structures are especially suited to storing definitions of spatial objects for which sharp boundaries exist or can be imposed. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 lijnbron
 	English: line source
 	English definition: Line source means a one-dimensional source. An example of a line source is the particular emissions from a dirt road. (Source: LEE)
 
 limnologie
 	English: limnology
 	English definition: The study of bodies of fresh water with reference to their plant and animal life, physical properties, geographical features, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 lineaire geluidsbron
 	English: linear source of sound
 	English definition: Point noise sources placed one after the other one as, for instance, in a row of cars moving on a road. (Source: VALAMB)
 
 lipide
 	English: lipid
 	English definition: One of a class of compounds which contain long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, such as fatty acids, alcohols, amines, amino alcohols, and aldehydes; includes waxes, fats, and derived compounds. (Source: MGH)
 
 lipofiele stof
 	English: lipophilic substance
 	English definition: Substances having an affinity for lipids. (Source: CED)
 
 lithosfeer
 	English: lithosphere
 	English definition: The solid portion of the Earth, as compared with the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 lithosfeer (bodem,aardkost,geologische processen)
 	English: lithosphere (soil, geological processes)
 
 litoraal
 	English: littoral
 	English definition: The intertidal zone of the seashore. (Source: LBC)
 
 locatie dat behoort tot het wereldnatuurbezit
 	English: world heritage site
 	English definition: Sites of great cultural significance and geographic areas of outstanding universal value. They include the Pyramids of Egypt, the Grand Canyon of United States, the Taj Mahal of India, the Great Wall of China, etc. (Source: GILP96)
 
 locomotief
 	English: locomotive
 	English definition: A self -propelled engine driven by steam, electricity or diesel power and used for drawing trains along railway tracks. (Source: CED)
 
 lomp
 	English: rag
 	English definition: Discarded textile waste, either post-consumer waste or pre-consumer waste, such as manufacturing process scraps. (Source: ISEP)
 
 longziekte
 	English: pulmonary disease
 	English definition: Any disease pertaining to the lungs. (Source: DELFIN)
 
 lood
 	English: lead
 	English definition: A heavy toxic bluish-white metallic element that is highly malleable; occurs principally as galena and is used in alloys, accumulators, cable sheaths, paints, and as a radiation shield. (Source: CED)
 
 loodgehalte in het bloed
 	English: lead level in blood
 	English definition: A measure of the amount of lead or lead salts absorbed by the body as a possible sign of acute or chronic lead poisoning, which can affect the nervous, digestive or muscular systems. (Source: SMD / MED)
 
 loodsdienst
 	English: pilotage
 	English definition: The service provided by a pilot, one who controls the movements of a ship or aircraft by visual or electronic means. (Source: RHW)
 
 loodverbinding
 	English: lead compound
 	English definition: Lead compounds are present as gasoline additives, in paint, ceramic products, roofing, caulking, electrical applications, tubes, or containers. Lead exposure may be due to air, water, food, or soil. Lead in the air is primarily due to lead-based fuels and the combustion of solid waste, coal, oils, and emissions from alkyl lead manufacturers, wind blown dust volcanoes, the burning of lead-painted surfaces, and cigarette smoke. Lead in drinking water comes from leaching from lead pipes, connectors, and solder in both the distribution system and household plumbing. (Source: KOREN)
 
 loodverontreiniging
 	English: lead contamination
 	English definition: The presence and release into the air, water and soil, of lead, a toxic metal used in plumbing, gasoline and lead-acid batteries. (Source: FFD / EEN)
 
 loodvrije benzine
 	English: unleaded petrol
 	English definition: Petrol with a low octane rating, which has no lead additives in it and therefore creates less lead pollution in the atmosphere. (Source: PHC)
 
 loofboom
 	English: deciduous tree
 	English definition: Tree losing its leaves in autumn and growing new ones in the spring. (Source: CAMB)
 
 loofboom
 	English: broad-leaved tree
 	English definition: Deciduous tree which has wide leaves, as opposed to the needles on conifers. (Source: PHC)
 
 loofbos
 	English: deciduous forest
 	English definition: The temperate forests comprised of trees that seasonally shed their leaves, located in the east of the USA, in Western Europe from the Alps to Scandinavia, and in the eastern Asia. The hardwood of these forests have been exploited since the 16th century. The trees of deciduous forests usually produce nuts and winged seeds. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 loofverliezend bos
 	English: deciduous wood
 
 looistof
 	English: tannin
 	English definition: One of a group of complex organic chemicals commonly found in leaves, unripe fruits, and the bark of trees. Their function is uncertain though the unpleasant taste may discourage grazing animals. Some tannins have commercial uses, notably in the production of leather and ink; used in tanning, as a mordant in dyeing, and in ink manufacture. (Source: DICCHE /  UVAROV)
 
 loonbeleid
 	English: pay policy
 	English definition: A course of action or procedure regarding compensation or recompensation for work done or services rendered. (Source: RHW)
 
 loonstelsel
 	English: wage system
 	English definition: System which compensates the employees with a fixed sum per piece, hour, day or another period of time, covering all compensations including salary.
 
 lossen van hout
 	English: wood hauling
 	English definition: The process of removing forest produce, particularly timber, fuelwood and bamboos, from its place of growth to some permanent or major delivery point, either for further transport or further manufacture, i.e. secondary conversion, or both. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 lozing van scheepsafval
 	English: ship waste disposal
 	English definition: Discharging of ship waste into the sea.
 
 lozingsregime
 	English: discharge regime
 	English definition: The rate of flow of a river at a particular moment in time, related to its volume and its velocity. (Source: WHIT)
 
 lozingswetgeving
 	English: discharge legislation
 
 lucht
 	English: air
 	English definition: A predominantly mechanical mixture of a variety of individual gases forming the earth's enveloping atmosphere. (Source: MGH)
 
 lucht
 	English: air
 
 luchtbeweging
 	English: air movement
 	English definition: Air movements within the Earth's atmospheric circulation; also called planetary winds. Two main components are recognized: first, the latitudinal meridional component due to the Coriolis force (a deflecting motion or force discussed by G.G. de Coriolis in 1835. The rotation of the Earth causes a body moving across its surface to be deflected to the right in the N hemisphere and to the left in the S hemisphere); and secondly, the longitudinal component and the vertical movement, resulting largely from varying pressure distributions due to differential heating and cooling of the Earth's surface. (Source: WHIT)
 
 luchtfoto
 	English: aerial photograph
 	English definition: An image of the ground surface made on a light-sensitive material and taken at a high altitude from an aircraft, spacecraft or rocket. (Source: MHD)
 
 luchtfotografie
 	English: aerial photography
 
 luchtkwaliteit
 	English: air quality
 	English definition: The degree to which air is polluted; the type and maximum concentration of man-produced pollutants that should be permitted in the atmosphere. (Source: ALL /  WRIGHT)
 
 luchtkwaliteitsbeheer
 	English: air quality management
 	English definition: Regulate and plan and work toward the accomplishment of completion of stated goals, objectives and mission pertaining to air quality. (Source: PORT)
 
 luchtkwaliteitscontrole
 	English: air quality control
 	English definition: The measurement of ambient air-pollution concentrations in order to determine whether there is a problem in a given region. (Source: CONFERa)
 
 luchtruimtelijke planning
 	English: airspace planning
 	English definition: The activity of organizing or preparing for transportation through the atmosphere above earth's surface. (Source: RHW)
 
 luchtstromingen
 	English: atmospheric circulation
 	English definition: The general movement and circulation of air, which transfers energy between different levels of the atmosphere. The mechanisms of circulation are very complicated. They involve the transfer of energy between the oceans and the atmosphere, the land and the atmosphere, as well as the different levels of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 luchttemperatuur
 	English: air temperature
 	English definition: The temperature of the atmosphere which represents the average kinetic energy of the molecular motion in a small region and is defined in terms of a standard or calibrated thermometer in thermal equilibrium with the air. (Source: MGH)
 
 luchtvaartwetgeving
 	English: aviation law
 	English definition: International rules regulating air transportation. (Source: NDGIUR)
 
 luchtveiligheid
 	English: air safety
 	English definition: Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by either moving vehicles or projectiles above the earth's surface or pollutants to the earth's atmosphere. (Source: AHB /  TOE)
 
 luchtverdichter
 	English: compressor
 	English definition: A mechanical device a) to provide the desired pressure for chemical and physical reactions, b) to control boiling points of fluids, as in gas separation, refrigeration, and evaporation, c) to evacuate enclosed volumes, d) to transport gases or vapors, e) to store compressible fluids as gases or liquids under pressure and assist in recovering them from storage or tank cars, and f) to convert mechanical energy to fluid energy for operating instruments, air agitation, fluidization, solid transport, blowcases, air tools, and motors. (Source: LEE)
 
 luchtverkeer
 	English: air traffic
 	English definition: Aircraft moving in flight or on airport runways.
 
 luchtverkeersregelgeving
 	English: air traffic regulation
 
 luchtverkeerswetgeving
 	English: air traffic law
 	English definition: International rules and conventions relating to air transportation. (Source: DEFRA)
 
 luchtverontreiniger
 	English: air pollutant
 	English definition: Any pollutant agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air and can, in high enough concentrations, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. (Source: LEE /  TOE)
 
 luchtverontreiniging
 	English: air pollution
 	English definition: Presence in the atmosphere of large quantities of gases, solids and radiation produced by the burning of natural and artificial fuels, chemical and other industrial processes and nuclear explosions. (Source: GUNN)
 
 luchtverversing
 	English: air conditioning
 	English definition: A system or process for controlling the temperature and sometimes the humidity and purity of the air in a house, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 luchtverversing
 	English: ventilation
 	English definition: The process of supplying or removing air, by natural or mechanical means, to or from any space; such air may or may not have been conditioned. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 luchtvervoer
 	English: air transportation
 	English definition: The use of aircraft, predominantly airplanes, to move passengers and cargo. (Source: MGH)
 
 luchtvervuiling
 	English: atmospheric pollution
 	English definition: The presence in the air of one or more contaminants in such a concentration and of such duration as to cause a nuisance or to be injurious to human life, animal life or vegetation. (Source: LANDY)
 
 luchtvervuiling binnenshuis
 	English: indoor air pollution
 	English definition: Chemical, physical or biological contaminants in the air inside buildings and other enclosed spaces occupied by humans. This pollution can arise from tobacco smoke, pesticides, cleaning agents, gases released from building materials, rugs, household products, etc. (Source: EED /  ISEP)
 
 lucht-water wisselwerking
 	English: air-water interaction
 	English definition: The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind. (Source: WATER /  CEIS)
 
 lymfatisch systeem
 	English: lymphatic system
 	English definition: A system of vessels and nodes conveying lymph in the vertebrate body, beginning with capillaries in tissue spaces and eventually forming the thoracic ducts which empty in the subclavian veins. (Source: MGH)
 
 lysimetrie
 	English: lysimetry
 	English definition: The measurement of the water percolating through soils and the determination of the materials dissolved by the water. (Source: MGH)
 
 maaien
 	English: mowing
 	English definition: The cutting down of grass, crops or grain with a scythe or a mechanical device. (Source: AMHERa /  CEDa)
 
 maalrest
 	English: residue of grinding
 	English definition: Dust or other residue left after reducing a material to very small particles. (Source: MHD)
 
 maatregel ter bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution control measure
 	English definition: Procedure or course of action taken to curb or reduce human-made or human-alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of air, water and other media. (Source: RHW / TOE)
 
 maatregelen
 	English: measure
 	English definition: The extent, quantity, amount, or degree of something as determined by measurement or calculation. (Source: CED)
 
 machinefabriek
 	English: engineering work
 
 machine-industrie
 	English: machine manufacture
 	English definition: The making or production of mechanical apparatuses used for commercial or industrial purposes, such as engines and turbines, elevators and conveying equipment, computers and office equipment, and hoists, cranes and industrial trucks. (Source: RHW / SIC)
 
 machines
 	English: machinery
 	English definition: A group of parts or machines arranged to perform a useful function. (Source: MGH)
 
 machinetrilling
 	English: mechanical vibration
 	English definition: A motion, usually unintentional and often undesirable, of parts of machines and structures. (Source: MGH)
 
 machtiging
 	English: authorisation
 	English definition: An official certification of competence or a transfer of the right and power to act, including permission from government to use state funds for a particular program or project. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 macro-economie
 	English: macroeconomics
 	English definition: Modern economic analysis that is concerned with data inaggregate as opposed to individual form such as national income, consumption and investment. (Source: GREENW /  CED)
 
 macro-economische doelstelling
 	English: macroeconomic goal
 	English definition: An aim or objective pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities in a country, region or other large area, typically concerned with governmental fiscal and monetary policy as it affects employment, consumption, investment and growth levels. (Source: ODE)
 
 macrofyt
 	English: macrophyte
 	English definition: A large macroscopic plant, used especially of aquatic forms such as kelp (variety of large brown seaweed which is a source of iodine and potash). (Source: LBC /  PHC)
 
 magneetband
 	English: magnetic tape
 	English definition: A plastic, paper, or metal tape that is coated or impregnated with magnetizable iron oxide particles, used in magnetic recording. (Source: MGH)
 
 magnetisme
 	English: magnetism
 	English definition: A class of physical phenomena associated with moving electricity, including the mutual mechanical forces among magnets and electric currents. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 malaria
 	English: malaria
 	English definition: A group of human febrile diseases with a chronic relapsing course caused by hemosporidian blood parasites of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquito. (Source: MGH)
 
 malen; vermalen
 	English: grinding
 	English definition: To reduce to powder or small fragments. (Source: LEE)
 
 mandaat
 	English: mandate
 	English definition: A command or authorization to act in a particular way given by an administrator to a subordinate, a court to a lower court or an electorate to its representative. (Source: RHW)
 
 mankracht
 	English: manpower
 	English definition: 1) The power generated by a man working.2) The number of people available for work, service, etc.
 
 man-vrouw vraagstukken
 	English: gender issue
 	English definition: A point, matter or dispute concerning the capabilities, societal roles or other differences and divisions between women and men, especially the relative weight of biological and physical difference versus culture and socialization as a cause of those distinctions. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 marien organisme
 	English: marine organism
 	English definition: Organisms which live in sea water. (Source: PHC)
 
 marien park
 	English: marine park
 	English definition: A permanent reservation on the seabed for the conservation of species. (Source: ALL)
 
 marien reservaat
 	English: marine reserve
 	English definition: Sea area where marine wildlife is protected. (Source: PHC)
 
 marien zoogdier
 	English: marine mammal
 	English definition: Mammals which have adapted to live in the sea, such as whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 mariene biologie
 	English: marine biology
 	English definition: A branch of biology that deals with those living organisms which inhabit the sea. (Source: MGH)
 
 mariene ecologie
 	English: marine ecology
 	English definition: An integrative science that studies the basic structural and functional relationships within and among living populations and their physical-chemical environments in marine ecosystems. Marine ecology focuses on specific organisms as well as on particular environments or physical settings. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 mariene ecosysteem
 	English: marine ecosystem
 	English definition: Any marine environment, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. (Source: GILP96)
 
 mariene fauna
 	English: marine fauna
 	English definition: Animals which live in the sea. (Source: PHC)
 
 mariene geologie
 	English: marine geology
 	English definition: That aspect of the study of the ocean that deals specifically with the ocean floor and the ocean-continent border, including submarine relief features, the geochemistry and petrology of the sediments and rocks of the ocean bottom and the influence of seawater and waves on the ocean bottom and its materials. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 mariene milieu
 	English: marine environment
 	English definition: Marine environments include estuaries, coastal marine and nearshore zones, and open-ocean-deep-sea regions. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 marketing
 	English: marketing
 	English definition: A related group of business activities whose purpose is to satisfy the demands for goods and services of consumers, businesses and government. The marketing process includes estimating the demand, producing the product, pricing the product to satisfy profit criteria, and promoting and distributing the product. (Source: GREENW)
 
 markt
 	English: market
 	English definition: Place of commercial activity in which articles are bought and sold. Also purchase and sale. In a limited sense market is the range of bid and asked prices reported by brokers making the market in over-the-counter securities. Also the demand for any particular article. (Source: WESTS)
 
 markt van productiefactoren
 	English: factor market
 	English definition: Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. (Source: OED)
 
 markteconomie
 	English: market economy
 	English definition: A mixed economy that relies heavily on markets to answer the three basic questions of allocation, but with a modest amount of government involvement. While it is commonly termed capitalism, market-oriented economy is much more descriptive of how the economy is structured. (Source: AMOS2)
 
 marktgewas
 	English: cash crop
 	English definition: Crops that are grown for sale in the town markets or for export. They include coffee, cocoa, sugar, vegetables, peanuts and non-foods, like tobacco and cotton. Huge areas of countries in the developing world have been turned over to cash crops. Those countries with no mineral or oil resources depend on cash crops for foreign money, so that they can import materials do develop roads, for construction, or to buy Western consumer goods and, indeed, food. However, critics argue that cash crops are planted on land that would otherwise be used to grow food for the local community and say this is a cause of world famine. Cash crops, such as peanuts, can ruin the land if it is not left fallow after six years of harvests. Moreover, if the best agricultural land is used for cash crops, local farmers are forced to use marginal land to grow food for local consumption, and this has a further dramatic effect on the environment. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 marktonderzoek
 	English: market research
 	English definition: The systematic gathering, recording, computing, and analysing of data about problems relating to the sale and distribution of goods and services for certain time periods. (Source: GREENW)
 
 marktpreparaat
 	English: preparation for market
 	English definition: The containment, protection, handling and presentation of goods for the market. (Source: RRDA)
 
 marktprijs
 	English: market price
 	English definition: The price actually given in current market dealings; the actual price at which given stock or commodity is currently sold in the usual and ordinary course of trade and competition between sellers and buyers. (Source: WESTS)
 
 marktstudie
 	English: market study
 	English definition: The gathering and studying of data to determine the projection of demand for an item or service. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 marktvorm
 	English: market form
 	English definition: The organizational form or structure of the trade or traffic of a particular commodity. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 marmer
 	English: marble
 	English definition: Metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized calcite or dolomite. (Source: MGH)
 
 Marpol overeenkomst
 	English: Marpol agreement
 	English definition: International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1973). The first important IMO agreement on controlling pollution from ships, which deals not only with pollution by oil but also chemical, garbage and sewage. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 marterachtigen
 	English: mustelid
 	English definition: A large, diverse family of low-slung, long-bodied carnivorous mammals including minks, weasels, and badgers; distinguished by having only one molar in each upper jaw, and two at the most in the lower jaw. (Source: MGH)
 
 massamedia
 	English: mass media
 	English definition: The means of communication that reach large numbers of people, such as television, newspapers, magazines and radio. (Source: CED)
 
 massavrijetijdsbesteding
 	English: mass recreation
 	English definition: A pastime, diversion, exercise or other means of enjoyment and relaxation that is shared with or performed by a large number of people. (Source: RHW)
 
 mate waarin iets hergebruikt kan worden
 	English: recycling potential
 
 materiaal voor de wegenbouw
 	English: road construction material
 	English definition: The aggregation of components used for building streets, highways and other routes, such as asphalt, concrete, brick, sand and gravel. (Source: ROA)
 
 materiaaleigenschappen
 	English: properties of materials
 	English definition: The physical and chemical characteristics of the substances or parts of  which a thing or object is made. (Source: RHW)
 
 materiaalkennis
 	English: materials science
 	English definition: The study of the nature, behaviour, and use of materials applied to science and technology. (Source: MGH)
 
 materiaalsterkte
 	English: strength of materials
 
 materiaaltechnologie
 	English: materials technology
 	English definition: Any technical means or equipment used for the production and optimization of material goods that consist of any of a diverse range of properties, either alone or in combination, such as glass, metal, plastics and ceramics. (Source: APD)
 
 materialen
 	English: material
 	English definition: The substance of which a product is made or composed. (Source: CED)
 
 materialen
 	English: materials
 
 materieel evenwicht
 	English: balance of materials
 
 mechanisch materiaal
 	English: mechanical equipment
 	English definition: Machines and tools employed in manual and mechanical labour.  (Source: AMHERa)
 
 mededeling van risicogegevens
 	English: risk communication
 	English definition: The exchange of information about health or environmental risks among risk assessors andmanagers, the general public, news media, interest groups, etc. (Source: OPPTIN)
 
 mededingingsregeling
 	English: restrictive trade practice
 	English definition: Business operation or action that confines or limits the free exchange of goods and services within a country or between countries, which may include discrimination, exclusive dealings, collusion agreements or price fixing. (Source: RHW / ODE)
 
 medeschuldenaar
 	English: joint debtor
 	English definition: Persons united in a joint liability or indebtedness. Two or more persons jointly liable for the same debt. (Source: WESTS)
 
 medische wetenschappen
 	English: medical science
 	English definition: The science and art of treating and healing. (Source: MGH)
 
 medium
 	English: medium
 	English definition: The substance or material that acts as a carrier for some compound or chemical, such as food, soil, air and water; or the physical form or container of data, which includes paper, film, disk, magnetic tape and other materials on which information can be recorded. (Source: FFD / RMT)
 
 meer
 	English: lake
 	English definition: An enclosed body of water, usually but not necessarily fresh water, from which the sea is excluded. (Source: WHIT)
 
 meerbekken
 	English: lake basin
 	English definition: 1) The depression in the Earth's surface occupied or formerly occupied by a lake and containing its shore features. 2) The area from which a lake receives drainage. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 meervervuiling
 	English: lake pollution
 	English definition: The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of lake water, or a lake ecosystem. (Source: Landy)
 
 meetinstrument
 	English: measuring instrument
 
 meetmethode
 	English: measuring method
 
 meetnet(werk)
 	English: monitoring network
 	English definition: Interconnected group of monitoring stations for the surveillance of pollution. (Source: RRDA)
 
 meetprogramma
 	English: measuring programme
 
 meetstation
 	English: monitoring station
 	English definition: Station where the presence, effect, or level of any polluting substance in air or water, noise and blasting, radiation, transport movements, land subsidence, or change in the character of vegetation are measured quantitatively or qualitatively. (Source: GILP96)
 
 meetsysteem
 	English: monitoring system
 	English definition: A coordinated body of sensory and communications devices that observes, detects or records the outputs or operations of any natural or artificial system in order to construct a history or future of events. (Source: APD / RHW)
 
 meettechniek
 	English: monitoring technique
 	English definition: Techniques employed in the process of checking, observing and measuring events, processes or physical, chemical, biological and environmental phenomena. (Source: ZINZANa /  DUNSTEa)
 
 melk
 	English: milk
 	English definition: The whitish fluid secreted by the mammary gland for the nourishment of the young; composed of carbohydrates, proteins, fats. mineral salts, vitamins, and antibodies. (Source: MGH)
 
 melkveehouderij
 	English: dairy farm
 	English definition: A commercial establishment for processing or selling milk and milk products. (Source: AMHER)
 
 mengbaarheid
 	English: miscibility
 	English definition: The tendency or capacity of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend, that is, to dissolve in each other; degrees are total miscibility, partial miscibility, and immiscibility. (Source: MGH)
 
 mengen; vermengen
 	English: mixing
 	English definition: The intermingling of different materials to produce a homogeneous mixture. (Source: MGH)
 
 mengmest
 	English: semi-liquid manure
 
 mening
 	English: opinion
 	English definition: Judgement or belief not founded on certainty or proof. (Source: CED)
 
 mens
 	English: man (society)
 	English definition: A member of the human race. (Source: MGH)
 
 menselijk habitat
 	English: human habitat
 	English definition: Any of the conditions in which people live. Also all human settlements in villages, towns or major cities, which require environmental management to provide water, public spaces, remove public wastes, etc. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 menselijk lichaam
 	English: human body
 	English definition: The entire physical structure of an human being. (Source: CED)
 
 menselijke activiteiten&producten, milieu-effecten
 	English: human activities and products, effects on the environment
 
 menselijke biologie
 	English: human biology
 	English definition: The study of human life and character. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 menselijke blootstelling aan vervuilende stoffen
 	English: human exposure to pollutants
 
 menselijke gezondheid
 	English: human health
 	English definition: The avoidance of disease and injury and the promotion of normalcy through efficient use of the environment, a properly functioning society, and an inner sense of well-being. (Source: KOREN)
 
 menselijke gezondheid
 	English: human health
 
 menselijke leefomgeving
 	English: anthroposphere (built environment, human settlements, land setup)
 
 menselijke verrichtingsleer
 	English: human physiology
 	English definition: A branch of biological sciences that studies the functions of organs and tissues in human beings. (Source: OMD / WOR)
 
 menselijke ziekte
 	English: human disease
 	English definition: An interruption, cessation or disorder of human bodily functions, systems or organs resulting from genetic or developmental errors, infection, nutritional deficiency, toxicity, illness or unfavorable environmental factors. (Source: SMD / ISEP)
 
 menselijke ziektenleer
 	English: human pathology
 	English definition: Branch of medicine concerned with the cause, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease. (Source: CED)
 
 mens-en-de-biosfeerprogramma
 	English: MAB Programme
 	English definition: An UNESCO project started in the 1970s. It was launched to further long-term conservation of the Earth's ecosystems, based on sound scientific foundations. MAB results have increased scientific understanding of ecosystems and their inter-relationships. The detailed research opened up new avenues for tropical ecosystems in particular. New species were discovered, and many forest plant species were seen to have potential medicinal benefits. By the 1980' about 25% of Western medicines contained at least one ingredient supplied by the tropical rainforests. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 mensenrechten
 	English: human rights
 	English definition: The rights of individuals to liberty, justice, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 menswetenschappen
 	English: human science
 	English definition: Group of sciences including sociology, anthropology, psychology, pedagogy, etc. as opposed to the humanistic group. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 MER (lokaal)
 	English: EIA (local)
 	English definition: The identification, evaluation and appraisal of the ecological consequences of a proposed project or development in a city, town or region, and the measures needed to minimize adverse effects. (Source: ALL)
 
 merkstof
 	English: marker
 	English definition: 1) Small amount of an easily detected substance that can be used to follow and quantify the flow of materials or movement of organisms not otherwise visible or detectable by ordinary means.2) An isotope of an element, a small amount of which may be incorporated into a sample of material in order to follow the course of that element through a chemical, biological, or physical process, and thus also follow the larger sample. The tracer may be radioactive, in which case observations are made by measuring the radioactivity. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 merkstof
 	English: tracer
 	English definition: A minute quantity of radioactive isotope used in medicine or biology to study the chemical changes within living tissues. (Source: KOREN)
 
 MER-richtlijn
 	English: EIA directive
 	English definition: Council Directive of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (85/337/EEC). The Directive applies to projects which are likely to have significant effects on the environment by virtue of their nature, size or location. (Source: PENEL)
 
 MER-wet
 	English: EIA law
 	English definition: Law concerning the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, based on the EC Directive n. 85/337. (Source: PENELa)
 
 messtof met kalium
 	English: potassium fertiliser
 	English definition: A chemical fertilizer containing potassium. Potassium (K) is required by all plant and animal life. Plants require potassium for photosynthesis, osmotic regulation and the activation of enzyme systems. (Source: AGRIC)
 
 mest
 	English: manure
 	English definition: Animal excreta collected from stables and barnyards with or without litter; used to enrich the soil. (Source: MGH)
 
 mestproductie
 	English: manure production
 
 meststof
 	English: fertiliser
 	English definition: Substance added to soil for the purpose of promoting plant life, usually containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, e.g. manure, guano, rock phosphates. (Source: BENNET)
 
 meststoffenwet
 	English: fertiliser law
 
 met het onderzoek belaste commissaris
 	English: investigating commissioner
 	English definition: A government official authorized or appointed to investigate regulated activities to assure compliance with federal, state or municipal laws. (Source: OCT)
 
 met kweldergras begroeide kwelder
 	English: salt meadow
 	English definition: A meadow subject to overflow by salt water. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 metaal smelten
 	English: metal smelting
 	English definition: A metallurgical process in which ore mixtures are heated above melting point to extract or yield a crude metal. (Source: APD)
 
 metaal walsen
 	English: metal plating
 	English definition: Forming a thin, adherent layer of metal on an object. (Source: MGH)
 
 metaalafval
 	English: metal waste
 	English definition: Metal material discarded during manufacturing or processing operations which cannot be directly fed back into the operation; Worn or discarded metal materials removed from service at the end of its useful life. (Source: GMR)
 
 metaalafwerking
 	English: metal finishing
 	English definition: A process in which a chemical or some other substance is applied to metals as a way to clean, protect, alter or modify appearance or physical properties, especially surface properties. (Source: MHD)
 
 metaalbewerking
 	English: metal working
 
 metaalerts
 	English: metallic mineral
 	English definition: Minerals containing metals, such as bauxite, pyrite, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 metaaloxide
 	English: metal oxide
 	English definition: Any binary compound in which oxygen is combined with one or more metal atoms. (Source: MHD)
 
 metaalproduct
 	English: metal product
 
 metaalproductenindustrie
 	English: metal products industry
 	English definition: Industry related with the primary metal processing and fabricated metal products manufacturing. The most important end uses of the products of the metals industries are automobiles, machinery, appliances, electrical equipment, structures, furniture, and containers. (Source: PZ)
 
 metaalverwerkende industrie
 	English: metallurgical industry
 	English definition: Industry concerned with the extraction, refining, alloying and fabrication of metals. (Source: CED)
 
 meta-informatie
 	English: metainformation
 	English definition: Data assembled to describe or define another body of data, a document or any information element. (Source: WIC)
 
 metalen
 	English: metal
 	English definition: An opaque crystalline material usually of high strength with good electrical and thermal conductivities, ductility and reflectivity. (Source: MGH)
 
 meteorologie voor de landbouw
 	English: agrometeorology
 	English definition: The study of the interaction between meteorological and hydrological factors, on the one hand, and agriculture in the widest sense, including horticulture, animal husbandry and forestry, on the other. (Source: EURMET)
 
 meteorologisch processen
 	English: atmospheric process
 	English definition: Atmospheric processes are distinguished in physical and chemical processes and both types may be operating simultaneously in complicated and interdependent ways. The physical processes of transport by atmospheric winds and the formation of clouds and precipitation strongly influence the patterns and rates of acidic deposition, while chemical reactions govern the forms of the compounds deposited. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 methanisering
 	English: methanisation
 	English definition: The process of deriving methane from any source, including livestock manure, landfills, coal mines, etc. (Source: OED)
 
 methode
 	English: method
 	English definition: A way of proceeding or doing something, especially a systematic or regular one. (Source: CED)
 
 methodiek
 	English: methodology
 	English definition: The system of methods and principles used in a particular discipline. (Source: CED)
 
 meting
 	English: measuring
 	English definition: The ability of the analytical method or protocol to quantify as well as identify the presence of the substance in question. (Source: LEE)
 
 meting
 	English: monitoring
 	English definition: To check regularly in order to perceive change in some quality or quantity. (Source: BRACK)
 
 meting milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution measurement
 	English definition: The assessment of the concentration of pollutants for a given time in a given point. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 meting van de stroming
 	English: stream measurement
 	English definition: The quantitative determination of the rate and amount of flow or discharge from a natural body of running water, such as a small river or brook. (Source: DOE / WWD / WRT)
 
 meting van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant monitoring
 	English definition: Periodic or continuous determination of the amount of pollutants present in the environment. (Source: LANDY)
 
 metingscriterium
 	English: monitoring criterion
 
 metro
 	English: underground train
 	English definition: A train for transportation of people, mostly beneath the surface of the ground, in order to lessen the traffic. (Source: CED)
 
 metro
 	English: underground railway
 	English definition: An electric passenger railway operated in underground tunnels. (Source: CED)
 
 metrologie
 	English: metrology
 	English definition: The science of measurement. (Source: MGH)
 
 metselwerk
 	English: masonry
 	English definition: A construction of stone or similar materials such as concrete or brick. (Source: MGH)
 
 meubelindustrie
 	English: furniture industry
 
 meubels
 	English: furniture
 	English definition: The movable articles in a room or an establishment that make it fit for living or working. (Source: MGH)
 
 microbiele bronnen
 	English: microbial resource
 	English definition: Any available source of supply derived from microbes, which would be used for beneficial purposes, such as for the production of food substances and drugs. (Source: APD)
 
 microbiologie
 	English: microbiology
 	English definition: The science and study of microorganisms, including protozoans, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and rickettsiae. (Source: MGH)
 
 microbiologische analyse
 	English: microbiological analysis
 	English definition: Analysis for the identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. (Source: RRDA)
 
 microcomputer
 	English: microcomputer
 	English definition: A microprocessor combined with input/output interface devices, some type of external memory, and the other elements required to form a working computer system; it is smaller, lower in cost, and usually slower than a minicomputer. (Source: MGH)
 
 micro-ecosysteem
 	English: microecosystem
 	English definition: A small-scale, simplified, experimental ecosystem, laboratory- or field- based, which may be: a) derived directly from nature (e.g. when samples of pond water are maintained subsequently by the input of artificial light and gas-exchange); or b) built up from axenic cultures (a culture of an organism that consists of one type of organism only, i.e. that is free from any contaminating organism) until the required conditions of organisms and environment are achieved. Also known as microcosm. (Source: ALL2)
 
 micro-elektronica
 	English: microelectronics
 	English definition: The technology of constructing circuits and devices in extremely small packages by various techniques. Also known as microminiaturization; microsystem electronics. (Source: MGH)
 
 microfiltratie
 	English: microfiltration
 	English definition: The separation or removal from a liquid of particulates and microorganisms in the size range of 0.1 to 0.2 microns in diameter. (Source: WQA)
 
 microgolf
 	English: microwave
 	English definition: An electromagnetic wave which has a wavelength between about 0.3 and 30 centimeters, corresponding to frequencies of 1-100 gigahertz; however there are no sharp boundaries between microwaves and infrared and radio waves. (Source: MGH)
 
 microklimaat
 	English: microclimate
 	English definition: The local, rather uniform climate of a specific place or habitat, compared with the climate of the entire area of which it is a part. (Source: MGH)
 
 microklimatologie
 	English: microclimatology
 	English definition: The study of a microclimate, including the study of profiles of temperature, moisture and wind in the lowest stratum of air, the effects of the vegetation and of shelterbelts, and the modifying effects of towns and buildings. (Source: MGH)
 
 micro-organisme
 	English: micro-organism
 	English definition: A microscopic organism, including bacteria, protozoans, yeast, viruses, and algae. (Source: MGH)
 
 micro-organisme in water
 	English: aquatic micro-organism
 	English definition: Microorganisms having a water habitat. (Source: MGH)
 
 microscopie
 	English: microscopy
 	English definition: The interpretative application of microscope magnification to the study of materials that cannot be properly seen by the unaided eye. (Source: MGH)
 
 microverontreiniging
 	English: micropollutant
 	English definition: Pollutant which exists in very small traces in water. (Source: PHC)
 
 Middellands zeegebied
 	English: Mediterranean Area
 	English definition: The collective islands and countries of the inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia that is linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar and includes the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas. (Source: RHW)
 
 Middellandse Zee
 	English: Mediterranean Sea
 	English definition: The largest inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia, linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar, including the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas, and major islands such as Sicily, Sardina, Corsica, Crete, Malta and Cyprus. (Source: RHW)
 
 Middellandse-zeebos
 	English: Mediterranean forest
 	English definition: Type of forest found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly xerophilous evergreen trees. (Source: ALL)
 
 Middellandse-zeehout
 	English: Mediterranean wood
 	English definition: A plant formation found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly lowgrowing, xerophilous evergreen trees and shrubs. It results mainly from the deterioration of the original vegetation by grazing and burning. (Source: ALL)
 
 Middellandse-zeeklimaat
 	English: Mediterranean climate
 	English definition: A type of climate characterized by hot, dry, sunny summers and a winter rainy season; basically, this is the opposite of a monsoon climate. Also known as etesian climate. (Source: MGH)
 
 middenbos
 	English: coppice with standards
 	English definition: A traditional system of woodland management whereby timber trees are grown above a coppiced woodland. It is used in particular as a method of exploiting oakwoods, in which all the trees except a rather open network of tall, well-formed oaks - the standards at about fifty per hectare - are felled, leaving plenty of space for hazels and other underwood to grow and be coppiced at intervals of ten to fifteen years. (Source: GOOD)
 
 midelbaar onderwijs
 	English: secondary education
 	English definition: The years of instruction following elementary school and until the end of high school. (Source: COE)
 
 migratie
 	English: migration (in general)
 	English definition: The act of going from one region, country or place to another. (Source: CED)
 
 migratie van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant migration
 	English definition: Uncontrolled movement, caused by percolation or other processes, of liquid or gaseous polluting materials from an original source area into other parts of an ecosystem. (Source: MHD)
 
 mijn
 	English: mine
 	English definition: An opening or excavation in the earth for extracting minerals. (Source: MGH)
 
 mijnbouw
 	English: mining industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the extraction of minerals occurring naturally, often involving quarrying, well operations, milling, exploration and development. (Source: SIC)
 
 mijnbouw
 	English: mining
 	English definition: The act, process or industry of extracting coal, ores, etc. from the earth. (Source: CED)
 
 mijnbouw - geologie
 	English: mining geology
 	English definition: The study of geologic aspects of mineral deposits, with particular regard to problems associated with mining. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 mijnbouw - technologie
 	English: mining engineering
 	English definition: Engineering concerned with the discovery, development and exploitation of coal, ores, and minerals, as well as the cleaning, sizing and dressing of the product. (Source: MGH)
 
 mijnbouw,gas- en oliewinning op zee
 	English: offshore mining
 	English definition: Oil extraction from platforms situated a short distance from the coast. (Source: RRDA)
 
 mijnbouwafval
 	English: mining waste
 	English definition: Any residue which results from the extraction of raw materials from the earth. (Source: EED / ERG)
 
 mijnbouwproduct
 	English: mining product
 
 mijnbouwvoorschrift
 	English: mining regulation
 	English definition: A rule or order prescribed by government or management to promote the safety, legality or ecological responsibility of any aspect of the process or industry of ore extraction. (Source: BLD)
 
 mijnbouwwet
 	English: mining law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the potentially harmful activity of enterprises concerned with the extraction and processing of precious or valuable metals. (Source: BLD)
 
 mijnstreek
 	English: mining district
 	English definition: A district where mineral exploitation is performed. (Source: MGH)
 
 mijten
 	English: mite
 	English definition: An order of small Arachnida with rounded bodies. Mites are very abundant in the soil, feeding on plant material and invertebrate animals. Some parasitic mites (e.g. red spider) damage crops and can be serious pests. Others cause diseases in animals. Ticks are blood-suckers, some being vectors of diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans and fowls, and louping ill in cattle and sheep. (Source: ALL)
 
 milieu
 	English: ecology
 	English definition: The study of the interrelationships between living organisms and their environment. (Source: LBC)
 
 milieu
 	English: environment
 	English definition: A concept which includes all aspects of the surroundings of humanity, affecting individuals and social groupings. The European Union has defined the environment as 'the combination of elements whose complex interrelationships make up the settings, the surroundings and the conditions of life of the individual and of society, as they are or as they are felt'. The environment thus includes the built environment, the natural environment and all natural resources, including air, land and water. It also includes the surroundings of the workplace. (Source: GILP96)
 
 milieuaansprakelijkheid
 	English: environmental liability
 	English definition: The penalty to be paid by an organization for the damage caused by pollution and restoration necessary as a result of that damage, whether by accidental spillages from tankers, industrial waste discharges into waterways or land, or deliberate or accidental release of radioactive materials. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 milieuachtergrond
 	English: environmental history
 	English definition: A systematic and chronological account of past events and conditions relating to the ecosystem, its natural resources or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. (Source: TOE)
 
 milieu-adviseur
 	English: ecological consultant
 
 milieu-ambtenaar
 	English: environmental protection officer
 
 milieuanalyse
 	English: environmental analysis
 
 milieuangst
 	English: environmental anxiety
 
 milieuaspecten van menselijke nederzettingen
 	English: environmental aspect of human settlements
 	English definition: Human settlements have an adverse impact on many ecosystems and on themselves by the addition of toxic or harmful substances to the outer lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The major types of environmental pollutants are sewage, trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organic compounds, and gaseous emissions. Most, if not all, of the additions of potentially harmful substances to the environment are result of the population growth and the technological advances of industrial societies. (Source: PARCORa)
 
 milieubeeld
 	English: environmental perception
 	English definition: An intuitive recognition or understanding of the ecosystem and its natural resources, often based on human experiences or cultural attitudes or beliefs. (Source: RHW / HMO)
 
 milieubeeld
 	English: concept of environment
 	English definition: The development at any level of a general notion of the surrounding ecosystem, its foundational relationship to human life and the need to preserve its integrity. (Source: TOE /  RHW)
 
 milieubeheer
 	English: environmental control
 	English definition: Protection of the environment through policies concerning the control of wastes, the improvement of the human-made environment, the protection of heritage values, the institution of national parks and reserves, the protection of fauna and flora, the conservation of forests and landscapes, etc. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 milieubeheer
 	English: environmental management
 	English definition: Measures and controls which are directed at environmental conservation, the rational and sustainable allocation and utilization of natural resources, the optimization of interrelations between society and the environment, and the improvement of human welfare for present and future generations. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieubeheerindicator
 	English: indicator of environmental management
 
 milieubehoud
 	English: environmental conservation
 	English definition: Efforts and activities to maintain and sustain those attributes in natural and urban environments which are essential both to human physical and mental health and to enjoyment of life. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieubeleid
 	English: environmental policy
 
 milieubeleid
 	English: environmental policy
 
 milieubeleid (overheid)
 	English: environmental policy
 	English definition: Official statements of principles, intentions, values, and objective which are based on legislation and the governing authority of a state and which serve as a guide for the operations of governmental and private activities in environmental affairs. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieubeleid van de gemeente
 	English: municipal environmental policy
 	English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action regarding the protection of natural resources in local settings, cities or towns. (Source: RHW)
 
 milieubeleidsinstrument
 	English: environmental policy instrument
 	English definition: Technological, economical and legislative measures employed to prevent or control pollution or damage of the environment. (Source: DIZAMB)
 
 milieuberoep
 	English: environmental occupation
 	English definition: Gainful employment or job-related activity pertaining to ecological concerns, including the preservation of natural resources and the integrity of the ecosystem. (Source: TOE)
 
 milieubescherming
 	English: environmental protection
 	English definition: Measures and controls to prevent damage and degradation of the environment, including the sustainability of its living resources. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieubescherming binnen het bedrijf
 	English: environmental protection in the enterprise
 	English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken by non-governmental, business or industrial entities to prevent or reduce harm to the ecosystem and human health. (Source: TOE /  RHW)
 
 milieubeschermingsadvies
 	English: environmental protection advice
 	English definition: Consultations or recommendations given as a guide of action regarding the preservation of ecological integrity and the defense or shelter of natural  resources. (Source: RHW)
 
 milieubeschermingsagentschap
 	English: environmental protection agency
 	English definition: EPA is the US Government's watchdog agency responsible for controlling the pollution of air and water, pesticides, radiation hazards and noise pollution. The agency is also involved in research to examine the effects of pollution. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 milieubeschermingsbeleid; beschermingsbeleid
 	English: conservation policy
 	English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for preserving and renewing human and natural resources. (Source: RHW /  TOE)
 
 milieubeschermingsbevel
 	English: environmental protection order
 
 milieubeschermingsinstantie
 	English: environmental protection organisation
 	English definition: A government agency, committee or group that is responsible for preserving and safeguarding ecological or natural resources. (Source: TOE)
 
 milieubeschermingskosten
 	English: environmental protection cost
 	English definition: The amount of money incurred in the preservation, defense, or shelter of natural resources. (Source: EFP / OED)
 
 milieubeschermingstechnologie
 	English: environmental protection technology
 	English definition: Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. (Source: ENVAR)
 
 milieubeschermingsvereniging
 	English: environmental protection association
 	English definition: Associations whose object resides in the protection of natural environment. (Source: RRDA)
 
 milieubeschermingsverordening
 	English: environmental protection regulation
 	English definition: A government or management prescribed rule for the preservation of natural resources and the prevention of damage or degradation of the ecosystem. (Source: BLD / ISEP)
 
 milieubesef
 	English: environmental awareness
 	English definition: The growth and development of awareness, understanding and consciousness toward the biophysical environment and its problems, including human interactions and effects. Thinking 'ecologically' or in terms of an ecological consciousness. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieubeurs
 	English: environmental stock exchange
 	English definition: The buying, selling, or exchanging of ecological commodities. (Source: OED)
 
 milieubewaking
 	English: environmental monitoring
 	English definition: Periodic and/or continued measuring, evaluating, and determining environmental parameters and/or pollution levels in order to prevent negative and damaging effects to the environment. Also include the forecasting of possible changes in ecosystem and/or the biosphere as a whole. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieubeweging
 	English: ecologist movement
 	English definition: Grouping of individuals and organizations dedicated to the protection of the environment. (Source: PHC)
 
 milieubewust gedrag
 	English: environmentally responsible behaviour
 
 milieubewust gedrag
 	English: environmental citizenship
 	English definition: The state, character or behavior of a person viewed as a member of the ecosystem with attendant rights and responsibilities, especially the responsibility to maintain ecological integrity and the right to exist in a healthy environment. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 milieuboekhouding
 	English: environmental accounting
 
 milieuchemie
 	English: environmental chemistry
 	English definition: Science dealing with the physical, chemical and biochemical processes that polluting substances undergo when introduced in the environment. (Source: DIZAMB)
 
 milieucriminaliteit
 	English: environmental criminality
 	English definition: Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. (Source: AZENPa)
 
 milieucriterium
 	English: environmental criterion
 	English definition: Standards of physical, chemical or biological (but sometimes including social, aesthetic, etc.) components that define a given quality of an environment. (Source: LANDY)
 
 milieudoelstelling
 	English: environmental target
 	English definition: Environmental elements of recognized importance which can be modified by the completion of a project. (Source: RRDA)
 
 milieudoorlichting
 	English: environmental auditing
 	English definition: An assessment of the nature and extent of any harm or detriment, or any possible harm or detriment, that may be inflicted on any aspect of the environment by any activity process, development programme, or any product, chemical, or waste substance. Audits may be designed to: verify or otherwise comply with environmental requirements; evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental management systems; assess risks generally; or assist in planning for future improvements in environment protection and pollution control (Source: GILP96)
 
 milieueconomie
 	English: environmental economics
 	English definition: A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. (Source: GILP96)
 
 milieueconomie van ondernemingen
 	English: environmental economics of firms
 	English definition: The use of financial resources for the purpose of incorporating ecological principles in the operations of businesses and companies. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 milieueconomische vraagstukken
 	English: environmental economy issue
 	English definition: A matter of public importance involving both a community's or a country's management of financial resources and its protection of natural resources. (Source: RHW / OED)
 
 milieu-economische waardering
 	English: environmental economic valuation
 	English definition: The assessment, evaluation, or appraisal of business performance in matters involving ecology and finances. (Source: OED)
 
 milieueffectbepaling
 	English: environmental impact statement
 	English definition: A detailed statement which, to the fullest extent possible, identifies and analyses, among other things, the anticipated environmental impact of a proposed action and discusses how the adverse effects will be mitigated. (Source: LANDY)
 
 milieueffectenrapportage
 	English: environmental impact study
 	English definition: Survey conducted to ascertain the conditions of a site prior to the realization of a project, to analyze its possible impacts and compensative measures. (Source: RRDA)
 
 milieuethiek
 	English: environmental ethics
 	English definition: An ecological conscience or moral that reflects a commitment and responsibility toward the environment, including plants and animals as well as present and future generations of people. Oriented toward human societies living in harmony with the natural world on which they depend for survival and well being. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieuevaluatie
 	English: environmental assessment
 	English definition: The evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources. (Source: RHW)
 
 milieuevaluatiecriterium
 	English: environmental assessment criterion
 	English definition: Principle or standard for the evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 milieu-evenwicht
 	English: environmental balance
 	English definition: Final part of the environmental impact study and assessment which compares environmental costs and benefits on the basis of homogeneous criteria. (Source: AMBPIAa)
 
 milieufonds
 	English: environmental fund
 	English definition: Financial resources set aside for measures involving ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources. (Source: ISEP /  OED)
 
 milieugegevens
 	English: environmental data
 	English definition: Information concerning the state or condition of the environment. (Source: RRDA)
 
 milieugeneeskunde
 	English: environmental medicine
 	English definition: The art and science of the protection of good health, the promotion of aesthetic values, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical, and radiological hazards. (Source: KOREN)
 
 milieugevolgen
 	English: environmental consequence
 	English definition: Resultant of natural or man-made perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment. (Source: LANDY)
 
 milieugiftige eigenschappen
 	English: ecotoxicity
 	English definition: Quality of some substances or preparations which present or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 milieuheffing
 	English: environmental tax
 	English definition: An amount of money demanded by a government to finance clean-up, prevention, reduction, enforcement or educational efforts intended to promote ecological integrity and the conservation of natural resources. (Source: ODE / TOE)
 
 milieuheffingen
 	English: green fiscal instrument
 
 milieuhygiene
 	English: environmental health
 	English definition: The art and science of the protection of good health, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical and radiological hazards. (Source: KOREN)
 
 milieu-index
 	English: environmental index
 	English definition: An index of available environmental articles from 1972 to present; also known as Environmental Abstract Annual. (Source: KOREN)
 
 milieu-indicator
 	English: environmental indicator
 	English definition: A measurement, statistic or value that provides a proximate gauge or evidence of the effects of environmental management programs or of the state or condition of the environment. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 milieu-industrie
 	English: environmental industry
 	English definition: Industries involved in the development of cleaner technologies, waste and wastewater treatment, recycling processes, biotechnology processes, catalysts, membranes, desulphurisation plants, noise reduction, and the manufacture of other products having an environment protection purpose. (Source: DOBRIS)
 
 milieu-informatica
 	English: environmental informatics
 	English definition: Science and techniques of data elaboration and of computer processing of information concerning ecosystems and ecology. (Source: ISEP /  TOE)
 
 milieu-informatie
 	English: environmental information
 	English definition: Knowledge communicated or received concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within it or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. (Source: TOE)
 
 milieu-informatienetwerk
 	English: environmental information network
 	English definition: A system of interrelated persons and devices linked to permit the exchange of data or knowledge concerning natural resources, human health and other ecological matters. (Source: ISEP /  TOE)
 
 milieu-informatiesysteem
 	English: environmental information system
 	English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources designed to exchange data or knowledge concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. (Source: TOE /  RHW)
 
 milieu-investering
 	English: environmental investment
 	English definition: Securities held for the production of income in the form of interest and dividends with the aim of benefitting the environment. (Source: ISEP /  EFP)
 
 milieukeur(merk)
 	English: ecolabel
 	English definition: A mark, seal or written identification attached or affixed to products that provides specific ecological information allowing consumers to make comparisons with other similar products, or instructions on how to safely use or properly recycle or dispose of both products and packaging. (Source: OPP)
 
 milieukosten
 	English: environmental cost
 	English definition: Expenses incurred as a result of some violation of ecological integrity either by an enterprise that implements a program to rectify the situation, or by society or the ecosystem as a whole when no person or enterprise is held liable. (Source: IEC / ECH)
 
 milieukunde
 	English: environmental science
 	English definition: The interdisciplinary study of environmental problems, within the framework of established physical and biological principles, i.e. oriented toward a scientific approach. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieukwaliteit
 	English: environmental quality
 	English definition: Properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or local, as they impinge on human beings and other organisms. Environmental quality is a general term which can refer to: varied characteristics such as air and water purity or pollution, noise, access to open space, and the visual effects of buildings, and the potential effects which such characteristics may have on physical and mental health. (Source: LANDY)
 
 milieukwaliteitscriterium
 	English: environmental quality criterion
 	English definition: Criteria followed in establishing standards for exposure to pollutants and noise, in respect of pesticides, detergents, composition of effluents, discharge of trade wastes, etc. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 milieukwaliteitsdoelstelling
 	English: environmental quality objective
 
 milieukwaliteitsindicator
 	English: indicator of environmental quality
 	English definition: Qualitative or quantitative parameter used as a measure of an environmental condition, e.g. of air or water quality. (Source: DIZAMB)
 
 milieukwaliteitsnorm
 	English: environmental quality standard
 	English definition: Normative documents and guidelines for determining the degree of environmental conditions and requirements to avoid negative and damaging effects, influences, and consequences. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieumarketing
 	English: ecomarketing
 	English definition: The buying, selling, advertising, shipping, and storing of goods in compliance with ecological principles. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 milieumarkt
 	English: environment market
 
 milieumisdrijf
 	English: environmental crime
 	English definition: Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. (Source: AZENPa)
 
 milieumonsterdepot
 	English: environmental specimen bank
 	English definition: Places in which selected specimens (fish, mussels, milk, soil sample and human tissue, etc.) are stored without being allowed to decompose. (Source: AZENP)
 
 milieumuseum
 	English: ecomuseum
 	English definition: A private, non-profit facility where plants and animals can be viewed in a natural outdoor setting. (Source: AGRENV)
 
 milieuonderhoud
 	English: maintenance of environment
 
 milieuonderneming
 	English: environmental enterprise
 	English definition: Organisations that are specialized in providing advice on environmental matters, for example investigation and remediation of potentially polluted land, water and air, and in the evaluation of environmental impacts; they employ professionals with the qualifications of engineering, geology, chemistry, hydrogeology, landscaping, environmental economics, etc. (Source: GRAHAWa)
 
 milieuonderwijs
 	English: environmental education
 	English definition: The educational process that deals with the human interrelationships with the environment and that utilizes an interdisciplinary problem-solving approach with value clarification. Concerned with education progress of knowledge, understanding, attitudes, skills, and commitment for environmental problems and considerations. The need for environmental education is continuous, because each new generation needs to learn conservation for itself. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieuonderwijs
 	English: environmental teaching
 	English definition: Instruction, training or the imparting of knowledge about the external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of organisms, including potential dangers to the ecosystem and the means to maintain its integrity. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 milieuonderzoek
 	English: environmental research
 	English definition: The study of the environment and its modifications caused by human activities. (Source: DIFID)
 
 milieuongeluk
 	English: environmental accident
 	English definition: An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss, with the potential for harming the ecosystem or natural resources. (Source: TOE / HMD)
 
 milieu-ontwikkeling
 	English: environmental development
 	English definition: The growth, progress or advancement in matters of ecological concern. (Source: ISEP)
 
 milieuonvriendelijk bedrijf
 	English: environmentally unfriendly firm
 	English definition: Firms that do not comply with environmental regulations for the disposal of noxious wastes generated during the production cycle. (Source: RRDA)
 
 milieuoorlogsvoering
 	English: environmental warfare
 	English definition: The direct manipulation or destruction of ecological resources as either a political threat or for actual military advantage. (Source: BAS)
 
 milieu-overtreding
 	English: offence against the environment
 	English definition: Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. (Source: AZENPa)
 
 milieuplan
 	English: environmental plan
 	English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the protection of natural or ecological resources. (Source: OED)
 
 milieuplanning
 	English: environmental planning
 	English definition: The identification of desirable objectives for the physical environment, including social and economic objectives, and the creation of administrative procedures and programmes to meet those objectives. (Source: GILP96)
 
 milieuprestatie
 	English: environmental performance
 
 milieuprogramma
 	English: environmental programme
 	English definition: An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to protect natural or ecological resources and advocate for ecological progress. (Source: RHW)
 
 milieupsychologie
 	English: environmental psychology
 	English definition: A branch of experimental psychology which studies the relationships between behavior and the environmental context in which it occurs. Environmental psychology's primary focus is the influence of the physical environment and, therefore, much of the research in this area deals with the influences of noise, air pollution, climatic changes, etc. (Source: JMU)
 
 milieuramp
 	English: ecocatastrophe
 	English definition: A sudden, widespread disaster or calamity causing extensive damage to the environment that threatens the quality of life for people living in the affected area or region, potentially leading to many deaths. (Source: ALL)
 
 milieurampen(bestrijdings)plan
 	English: environmental contingency planning
 	English definition: The production of an organized, programmatic and coordinated course of action to be followed in the case of some accident, disaster or occurrence threatening an ecosystem and the human health or natural resources within it. (Source: TOE)
 
 milieurapport
 	English: environmental report
 	English definition: An account or statement, usually in writing, describing in detail events, situations or conditions pertaining to the ecosystem, its natural resources or any of the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. (Source: TOE)
 
 milieurapport
 	English: report on the state of the environment
 	English definition: A written account on the level of integrity and conditions of the ecosystem and natural resources in a given region, usually presented by an official person or body mandated to protect human health and the environment in that region. (Source: TOE)
 
 milieurecht
 	English: environmental law
 	English definition: A wide spectrum of options from binding 'hard' laws, such as international treaties and national legislation, to 'soft' laws, covering guiding principles, recommended practices and procedures, and standards. Environmental law also attempts to reconcile international considerations with concerns that focus on very specific problems such as soil degradation, marine pollution or the depletion of non-renewable resources. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 milieurisico
 	English: environmental risk
 	English definition: Likelihood, or probability, of injury, disease, or death resulting from exposure to a potential environmental hazard. (Source: RRDA)
 
 milieurisicobeoordeling
 	English: environmental risk assessment
 	English definition: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to the environment by the actual or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants. (Source: OPPTIN)
 
 milieuschade
 	English: environmental damage
 	English definition: Harm done to the environment, e.g. loss of wetlands, pollution of rivers, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 milieustatistieken
 	English: environmental statistics
 
 milieustimuleringsmaatregel
 	English: environmental incentive
 
 milieustrafrecht
 	English: environmental criminal law
 	English definition: The aggregate of statutory enactments pertaining to actions or instances of ecological negligence deemed injurious to public welfare or government interests and legally prohibited. (Source: RHW)
 
 milieustudie
 	English: environmental study
 	English definition: A document submitted by an applicant in support of an undertaking which identifies the environmental impacts of the proposed undertaking and its alternatives. (Source: LANDY)
 
 milieusubsidie
 	English: environmental subsidy
 	English definition: Payment by a government to assist or improve performance regarding ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources. (Source: ODE)
 
 milieutechniek
 	English: environmental engineering
 	English definition: Branch of engineering concerned with the environment and its proper management. The major environmental engineering disciplines regard water supply, wastewater, stormwater, solid waste, hazardous waste, noise radiology, industrial hygiene, oceanography and the like. (Source: PORT)
 
 milieutechnologie
 	English: environmental technology
 
 milieuterminologie
 	English: environmental terminology
 	English definition: The vocabulary of technical terms and usage appropriate to community, corporate, governmental and other groups concerned with protecting natural resources, preserving the integrity of the ecosystem and safeguarding human health. (Source: ISEP /  TOE)
 
 milieutheorie
 	English: environmentalism
 	English definition: 1) Concern for the environment and its protection. 2) Theory emphasizing the primary influence of the environment on the development of groups or individuals. It stresses the importance of the physical, biological, psychological, or cultural environment as a factor influencing the structure or behaviour of animals, including humans.In politics, this has given rise in many countries to Green Parties, which aim to ' Preserve the planet and its people'.
 
 milieutheorie
 	English: theory of the environment
 	English definition: A structured simulation or explanation based on observation, experimentation and reasoning that seeks to demonstrate, characterize or explain the actions and interactions of the total surrounding conditions of a given system. (Source: APD)
 
 milieutoxicoloog
 	English: environmental toxicologist
 	English definition: An environmental health professional who determines the adverse health effects, and the mechanisms of those effects, resulting from exposure to physical, chemical, and biological aspects in the human environment. (Source: KOREN)
 
 milieutraining
 	English: environmental training
 	English definition: Teaching of specialists and qualified workers who acquire knowledge and skills necessary to solve environmental problems. (Source: UNUN)
 
 milieu-uitgaven van de overheid
 	English: government environmental expenditure
 
 milieuvandalisme
 	English: environmental vandalism
 
 milieuveiligheid
 	English: environmental security
 	English definition: Measures taken or policies instituted to protect and promote the safety of external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of an organism. (Source: TOE)
 
 milieuverandering
 	English: environmental change
 	English definition: Changes that may take place in ecosystems, climate, soil, habitats, etc. due to pressures of various origin. (Source: RRDA)
 
 milieuverenigbaarheid
 	English: environmental compatibility
 	English definition: Condition of products or projects of having a reduced impact or burden on the natural environment. (Source: RRDA)
 
 milieuvergunning
 	English: environmental licence
 	English definition: A governmental license or grant that allows and regulates an enterprise's discharge of air pollutants, typically from a commercial or industrial plant. (Source: BLD / TOE)
 
 milieuverklaring (eco-controle)
 	English: environmental statement (eco-audit)
 	English definition: Assessment made by a company or organization of the financial benefits and disadvantages to be derived from adopting a more environmentally sound policy. (Source: PHC)
 
 milieuverontreinigingsnorm
 	English: pollution norm
 
 milieuverontreinigingsrisico
 	English: pollution risk
 	English definition: Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of an undesirable substance into the ecosystem. (Source: TOE)
 
 milieuvervuiling
 	English: environmental pollution
 	English definition: The introduction by man into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources and ecological systems, damage to structure or amenity, or interference with legitimate uses of the environment. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 milieuvriendelijk
 	English: environment friendly
 	English definition: Human activities, enterprises or products that reinforce rather than undermine the integrity of the ecosystem. (Source: FLG)
 
 milieuvriendelijk beheer
 	English: environmentally friendly management
 	English definition: Adoption of integrated and preventative management practices aiming at reducing the impacts of industrial and trade activities on the environment; these practices include, among others, life-cycle analysis in the product development cycle, the introduction of clean process technology and measures of waste minimisation. (Source: DOBRIS)
 
 milieuvriendelijk product
 	English: environmentally friendly product
 	English definition: Product that is not harmful to the environment. (Source: PHC)
 
 milieuvriendelijke aankopen
 	English: environmental friendly procurement
 	English definition: The process of obtaining products and services which are favorably disposed toward the environment. (Source: RHW)
 
 milieuvriendelijke architectuur
 	English: environmental sustainable architecture
 	English definition: Environmentally friendly architecture is based on the following five principles: 1) healthful interior environment; 2) energy efficiency; 3) ecologically benign materials; 4) environmental form; 5) good design. (Source: ARCH)
 
 milieuvriendelijke wagen
 	English: clean air car
 	English definition: Vehicles that function without emitting pollutants in the atmosphere. (Source: RRDA)
 
 milieuwetgeving
 	English: environmental legislation
 	English definition: Branch of law relating to pollution control; national parks, wildlife, fauna and flora, wilderness and biodiversity; environmental and occupational health; environmental planning; heritage conservation and a large number of international conventions relating to the environment. (Source: GILP96)
 
 milieuwetgeving met betrekking tot de landbouw
 	English: environmental legislation on agriculture
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate any aspect of farm and livestock production that poses a threat to ecological integrity and human health, especially the use of pesticides, fertilizers and land. (Source: TOE / BLD)
 
 milieuwetgevingsprocedure
 	English: environmental legislative process
 	English definition: The systematic course of proceedings in which a bill that would preserve or protect ecological resources may be enacted as a law. (Source: ODE)
 
 militair luchtverkeer
 	English: military air traffic
 	English definition: Air traffic of or relating to the armed forces.
 
 militair terrein
 	English: military zone
 	English definition: Area whose utilization is exclusively reserved to the army. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 militaire activiteiten
 	English: military activities
 	English definition: Actions and movements pertaining to or conducted by the armed forces.
 
 militaire aspecten
 	English: military aspects
 
 militaire uitrusting
 	English: military equipment
 	English definition: Equipment necessary to the performance of military activities, either combat or noncombat. (Source: RRDA)
 
 minder bedreigde soorten (IUCN)
 	English: lower risk species  (IUCN)
 	English definition: Animals, birds, fish, plants or other living organisms that have been deemed as not being in danger of extinction. (Source: OED /  TOE)
 
 minder ontwikkelde landen
 	English: less developed country
 	English definition: One of the world's poorest nations, typically small in area and population, with low per capita incomes, literacy levels and medical standards, subsistence agriculture and a lack of exploitable minerals and competitive industries. (Source: UIA)
 
 minderheid
 	English: minority
 	English definition: A group that is different racially, politically, etc. from a larger group of which it is a part. (Source: CED)
 
 mineraalvezel
 	English: mineral fibre
 	English definition: A fiber manufactured from glass, rock, or slag generally for use in fabricating heat insulation. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 mineraalwater
 	English: mineral water
 	English definition: Water containing naturally or artificially supplied minerals or gases. (Source: MGH)
 
 minerale olie
 	English: mineral oil
 	English definition: Oil which derives from petroleum and is made up of hydrocarbons. (Source: PHC)
 
 mineralisatie
 	English: mineralisation
 	English definition: The process of fossilization whereby inorganic materials replace the organic constituent of an organism. (Source: MGH)
 
 mineralogie
 	English: mineralogy
 	English definition: The science which concerns the study of natural inorganic substances called minerals. (Source: MGH)
 
 mini-batterij
 	English: button-cell battery
 	English definition: A tiny, circular battery made for a watch or for other microelectric applications. (Source: LEE)
 
 minimale kostenplanning
 	English: minimal cost planning
 	English definition: The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the production of goods or services at an output that would require the lowest possible expenditure of money, time or labor. (Source: ODE)
 
 ministerie
 	English: ministry
 	English definition: The body of top government administrators or other high ranking public officials that are selected by a head of state to manage certain aspects of a state's affairs, as opposed to civil servants whose tenure is unaffected by public changes resulting from democratic elections or some other process. (Source: BLD)
 
 ministerieel besluit
 	English: ministerial decree
 	English definition: A formal judgment or mandate handed down on a specific issue or concern from a major administrative department of a state, usually under the authority of that department's chief minister, secretary or administrator. (Source: RHW)
 
 ministeriele bevoegdheid
 	English: minister competence
 	English definition: The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority associated with the chief of an administrative department or other high ranking official selected by the head of state. (Source: RHW)
 
 misbruik van geneesmiddelen
 	English: drug abuse
 
 misdaad
 	English: crime
 	English definition: Any act done in violation of those duties which an individual owes to the community, and for the breach of which the law has provided that the offender shall make satisfaction to the public. (Source: BLACK)
 
 misdadig gedrag
 	English: delinquency
 
 misselijkheid
 	English: nausea
 
 mist
 	English: fog
 	English definition: Water droplets or, rarely, ice crystals suspended in the air in sufficient concentration to reduce visibility appreciably. (Source: MGH)
 
 mist
 	English: mist
 	English definition: Fine water droplets suspended in the air, which reduce visibility. Usually mists form at night, when the temperature falls because the sky is clear. If visibility falls below 1,000 metres, the mist becomes a fog. (Source: PHC)
 
 misvorming
 	English: malformation
 	English definition: Permanent structural change that may adversely affect survival, development or function. (Source: KOREN)
 
 mobiliteit
 	English: mobility (physical)
 	English definition: The ability of groups or individuals to re-locate or change jobs, or to physically move from one place to another. (Source: ODE)
 
 modder
 	English: mud (sediment)
 	English definition: A mixture of clay and/or silt with water to form a plastic mass with a particle size preponderantly below 0.06 mm diameter. It is deposited in low-energy environments in lakes, estuaries and lagoons. It may also be deposited in deep-sea environments. (Source: WHIT)
 
 model
 	English: model
 	English definition: 1) A representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device, structure, etc. 2) A quantitative or mathematical representation or computer simulation which attempts to describe the characteristics or relationships of physical events. (Source: CED /  LEE)
 
 modellering
 	English: modelling
 	English definition: An investigative technique using a mathematical or physical representation of a system or theory that accounts for all or some its known properties. Models are often used to test the effect of changes of system components on the overall performance of the system. (Source: LEE)
 
 moedermelk
 	English: breast milk
 	English definition: Milk from the breast for feeding babies. (Source: CED)
 
 moeilijk te behandelen afval
 	English: bulky waste
 	English definition: Large items of waste material, such as appliances, furniture, large auto parts, trees, branches, stumps, etc. (Source: LANDY)
 
 moeilijk verwerkbaar afval
 	English: hard-to-dispose-of waste
 	English definition: Discarded material, often hazardous or in large volume, for which there is no obvious disposal route. (Source: DHW)
 
 moeras
 	English: marsh
 	English definition: An periodically inundated area of low ground having shrubs and trees, with or without the formation of peat. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 moeras
 	English: swamp
 	English definition: A permanently waterlogged area in which there is often associated tree growth, e.g. mangroves in hot climates. (Source: WHIT)
 
 moeras; veenmoeras
 	English: bog
 	English definition: A commonly used term in Scotland and Ireland for a stretch waterlogged, spongy ground, chiefly composed of decaying vegetable matter, especially of rushes, cotton grass, and sphagnum moss. (Source: WHIT)
 
 moerasgas
 	English: methane
 	English definition: A colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas, lighter than air and reacting violently with chlorine and bromine in sunlight, a chief component of natural gas; used as a source of methanol, acetylene, and carbon monoxide. Also known as methyl hydride. (Source: MGH)
 
 moestuin
 	English: home garden
 	English definition: A plot of cultivated ground adjacent to a dwelling and usually devoted in whole or in part to the growing of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables for household use. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 mogelijk vervuild gebied
 	English: area of potential pollution
 	English definition: Area which is supposedly causing dangers to human health and environment. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 mogelijkheid tot afvalvermindering
 	English: waste minimisation potential
 	English definition: The capability of measures or techniques that reduce the amount of refuse or unwanted materials that is generated, particularly during industrial production processes. (Source: TOE)
 
 mogelijkheid van langdurige voortzetting (van iets)
 	English: sustainability
 	English definition: Adoption of energy and environmental policies which would not threaten the world environment, yet at the same time allow economic growth. (Source: BRACK)
 
 moleculaire biologie
 	English: molecular biology
 	English definition: The study of the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena at the molecular level; the discipline is particularly concerned with the study of proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes, the macromolecules essential to life processes. It seeks to understand the molecular basis of genetic processes. Techniques used include X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. (Source: GILP96)
 
 molen
 	English: mill
 	English definition: A building where grain is crushed into flour. (Source: CAMB)
 
 monetaire betrekkingen
 	English: monetary relations
 	English definition: The different modes in which countries, nations, etc., are brought together by financial, currency, or pecuniary interests. (Source: OED)
 
 monetaire economie
 	English: monetary economics
 	English definition: The study, policies or system of institutions and procedures by which a country or region's commerce is supplied with notes, coins, bank deposits or other equivalent mediums of exchange. (Source: ODE)
 
 monetaire markt
 	English: money market
 	English definition: A financial market that trades Treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term financial instruments. This market is often used by businesses when they need short-term funds to bridge the gap between paying operating costs and collecting revenue from product sales. As such, the term 'money' in money market indicates that businesses are using highly liquid instruments to raise the money need for operating expenses. (Source: AMOS2)
 
 monetaire waardebepaling
 	English: monetary assessment
 	English definition: Financial determination, adjustment, estimation, or appraisal for purposes of levying a tax, charge or fine. (Source: OED)
 
 monopolie
 	English: monopoly
 	English definition: The market condition where a particular commodity or service has only one seller, either because the seller has exclusive possession of an essential input or because large economies of scale inhibit the entrance of a competitor into the market. (Source: ODE)
 
 monstername
 	English: sampling
 	English definition: The obtaining of small representative quantities of material for the purpose of analysis. (Source: MGH)
 
 monsternametechniek
 	English: sampling technique
 	English definition: Method of selecting items at random from a set in such a manner that the sample will be representative of the whole. (Source: MGHa)
 
 monument
 	English: monument
 	English definition: An object, especially large and made of stone, built to remember and show respect to a person or group of people, or a special place made for this purpose. (Source: CAMB)
 
 monumentenzorg
 	English: conservation of monuments
 	English definition: Measures adopted for the protection and the maintenance of hystorical and art monuments. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 morele overreding
 	English: moral persuasion
 	English definition: Appealing to the ethical principles or beliefs of an adversary or the public to convince the adversary to change behavior or attitudes. (Source: MLK)
 
 morfologie
 	English: morphology
 	English definition: The branch of biology concerned with the form and structure of organisms. (Source: CED)
 
 morfologie van de zeebodem
 	English: submarine morphology
 	English definition: That aspect of geological oceanography which deals with the relief features of the ocean floor and with the forces that modify them. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 mos
 	English: moss
 	English definition: Any plant of the class Bryophyta, occurring in nearly all damp habitats. (Source: MGH)
 
 mosselteelt
 	English: mussel farming
 	English definition: Breeding of mussels for sale as food. (Source: PHC)
 
 mossen
 	English: bryophyte
 	English definition: Any plant of the division Bryophyta, having stems and leaves but lacking true vascular tissue and roots and reproducing by spores: includes the mosses and liverworts. (Source: CED)
 
 motor
 	English: engine
 	English definition: A machine in which power is applied to do work by the conversion of various forms of energy into mechanical force and motion. (Source: MGH)
 
 motorbrandstof
 	English: motor fuel
 	English definition: Any gaseous or liquid flammable fuel that burns in an internal combustion engine. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 motorfiets
 	English: motorcycle
 
 motorvoertuig
 	English: motor vehicle
 	English definition: A road vehicle driven by a motor or engine, especially an internal-combustion engine. (Source: CED)
 
 motorvoertuigemissies
 	English: motor vehicle emission
 	English definition: The formation and discharge of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the environment chiefly from car, truck and bus exhaust. (Source: DDP)
 
 motorvoertuigenindustrie
 	English: motor vehicle industry
 
 motorvoertuiguitlaatgassen
 	English: motor vehicle exhaust gas
 	English definition: Gases vented to the atmosphere by internal-combustion-engine driven vehicles.
 
 mozaiek
 	English: mosaic
 	English definition: A composite photograph consisting of separate aerial photographs of overlapping surface areas, producing an overall image of a surface area too large to be depicted in a single aerial photograph. (Source: OED / WHIT)
 
 multifunctioneel beheergebied
 	English: multiple use management area
 	English definition: 1) Coordinated management for the most judicious and harmonious use of the land on a long term basis under the concept of combining two or more uses and/or purposes with attention to sustainability and nonimpairment of the natural resources and land area.2) Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production. (Source: UNUN /  EPAGLO)
 
 multilaterale overeenkomst
 	English: multilateral agreement
 	English definition: Multilateralism stands for a long-held but rarely achieved ideal, namely the voluntary co-operation of nations for peace and development. Multilateral initiatives are undermined or diluted by ultra-nationalist, bilateral and regional initiatives. Multilateralism may be undercut by the uncoordinated decisions of those contributing to it. Multilateralism constitutes the democracy of international society. An enlightened multilateralism enhances the specific interests of states while advancing their common cause. (Source: WPR)
 
 multimedia technologie
 	English: multimedia technology
 	English definition: Any technical means used to combine text, sound, still or animated images and video in computers and electronic products, often allowing audience interactivity. (Source: ENC / WIS)
 
 multinational
 	English: multinational firm
 	English definition: A large business company operating in several countries. (Source: CED)
 
 multispectrale scanner
 	English: multispectral scanner
 	English definition: A remote sensing term referring to a scanning radiometer that simultaneously acquires images in various wavebands at the same time. A multispectral scanner can be carried aboard an aircraft or satellite. The Landsat multispectral scanner records images in four wavebands of visible and near infrared electromagnetic radiation to enable objects with different reflectance properties to be distinguished. (Source: WHIT)
 
 museum
 	English: museum
 	English definition: A place or building where objects of historical, artistic, or scientific interest are exhibited, preserved or studied. (Source: CED)
 
 mutagene stof
 	English: mutagen
 	English definition: An agent that raises the frequency of mutation above the spontaneous rate. An agent that causes changes to plants and animals, particularly to their genetic material and especially at the time of reproduction. Certain chemicals and forms of radiation are powerful mutagens that damage the DNA, or genetic material in the centre of every cell of a living organism. (Source: MGH /  WRIGHT)
 
 mutagene stof
 	English: mutagenic substance
 	English definition: Agents that induce a permanent change in the genetic material. (Source: KOREN)
 
 mutageniteit
 	English: mutagenicity
 	English definition: The property of chemical or physical agents of inducing changes in genetic material that are transmitted during cell division. (Source: KOREN)
 
 mutant
 	English: mutant
 	English definition: An individual bearing an allele that has undergone mutation and is expressed in the phenotype. (Source: MGH)
 
 mutatie
 	English: mutation
 	English definition: A change in the chemical constitution of the DNA in the chromosomes of an organism: the changes are normally restricted to individual genes, but occasionally involve serious alteration to whole chromosomes. When a mutation occurs in gametes or gametocytes an inherited change may be produced in the characteristics of the organisms that develop from them. Mutation is one of the ways in which genetic variation is produced in organisms. A somatic mutation is one that occurs to a body cell, and is consequently past on to all the cells derived from it by mitosis. Natural mutations, at this stage of biological evolution, when they occur in the cells of higher animals, almost always produce deleterious characteristics. Both natural and artificial mutations can be brought about by ionizing radiation (hence the genetic and carcinogenic dangers of nuclear weapons) and by certain chemical substances called mutagens. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 muur
 	English: wall
 	English definition: A vertical construction made of stone, brick, wood, etc., with a length and height much greater than its thickness, used to enclose, divide or support. (Source: CED)
 
 muziek
 	English: music
 	English definition: The artistic organization of sounds or tones that expresses ideas and emotions through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony and tonal color. (Source: RHW)
 
 myceten
 	English: mycete
 	English definition: Nucleated usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll. (Source: MGH)
 
 mycologie
 	English: mycology
 	English definition: The branch of botany concerned with the study of fungi. (Source: LBC)
 
 mycorrhiza
 	English: mycorrhiza
 	English definition: The symbiotic association of the root of a higher plant with a fungus. In an ectotrophic mycorrhiza (e.g., heath, pine trees) the fungal mycelium covers the outside of the roots; in an endotrophic mycorrhiza (e.g. orchids) the fungus grows inside the cells of the root cortex. (Source: ALL)
 
 mythe
 	English: myth
 	English definition: A traditional or legendary story, usually dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, heroes or events, that is with or without determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, but is used to explain some practice, rite or phenomenon of nature, or to justify the existence of a social institution. (Source: RHW)
 
 naaktzadigen
 	English: gymnosperm
 	English definition: Any seed-bearing plant of the division Gymnospermae, in which the ovules are borne naked on the surface of the mega sporophylls, which are often arranged in cones. (Source: CED)
 
 naaldbomen
 	English: conifer
 	English definition: An order of conebearing plants which includes nearly all the present day Gymnospermae. Most are tall evergreen trees with needle-like (e.g., pines), linear (e.g. firs) or scale-like (e.g., cedars) leaves. They are characteristic of temperate zones and the main forest trees of colder regions. They provide timber, resins, tars, turpentine and pulp for paper. (Source: ALL)
 
 naaldboom
 	English: coniferous tree
 
 naaldbos
 	English: coniferous forest
 	English definition: A forest type characterized by cone-bearing, needle-leaved trees. They are generally, but not necessarily, evergreen and relatively shallow-rooted. Since they grow more rapidly than most broad-leaved trees, conifers are extensively planted as a source of softwood timber and pulp. They are tolerant of wide-ranging climatic conditions, of many different types of soil and of considerable differences in terrain. Thus, they are found from the polar latitudes to the tropics, on most types of soils (especially, thin acid soils) and from mountain summits to coastal environments. (Source: WHIT)
 
 naaldbos
 	English: coniferous wood
 
 naar grootte sorteren
 	English: sizing
 	English definition: To fix the cross-section of structural components on the basis of statics and material strength. (Source: RRDA)
 
 naar olie boren
 	English: drilling for oil
 	English definition: Boring a hole for extracting oil. (Source: PHC)
 
 nabehandeling
 	English: post-treatment
 	English definition: Treatment of treated water or wastewater to improve the water quality. (Source: LEE)
 
 naburige eigenaar
 	English: neighbouring owner
 	English definition: Person who lives in close proximity to another or owns a contiguous property. (Source: WESTSa)
 
 nat afval
 	English: wet waste
 	English definition: Organic refuse or material left over from a manufacturing process, which is characterized by the presence of moisture. (Source: RHW / GRP)
 
 nat proces
 	English: wet process
 	English definition: Process used to remove particulate matter and/or gaseous pollutants by means of an aqueous stream or slurry. (Source: KORENa)
 
 nationaal park
 	English: national park
 	English definition: Areas of outstanding natural beauty, set aside for the conservation of flora, fauna and scenery, and for recreation, if this does not conflict with the conservation objectives of the parks and their landscapes. Hunting, logging, mining, commercial fishing, agriculture and livestock grazing are all controlled within national parks, as is industrial activity. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 nationaal reservaat
 	English: national reserve
 
 nationaal visreservaat
 	English: national fishing reserve
 	English definition: Limited portion of a water body belonging to the State where angling is allowed. (Source: RRDA)
 
 nationale boekhouding
 	English: national accounting
 	English definition: Organised method of recording all business transactions in the national economy.
 
 nationale milieuboekhouding
 	English: national environmental accounting
 	English definition: The collection and processing of financial information regarding the costs for ecological challenges or opportunities for nations or countries. (Source: RHW)
 
 nationale planning
 	English: national planning
 	English definition: The step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of actions to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives for a country or a large body of people associated with a particular territory, often sharing similar ethnic backgrounds, customs and language. (Source: RHW / BLD)
 
 nationale wetgeving
 	English: national legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by the government of a sovereign state that holds force throughout the regions and territories within the government's dominion. (Source: RHW)
 
 nationaleeconomie
 	English: national economy
 	English definition: A nation's financial resources and its financial management, with a view towards its productivity. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 nationalisering
 	English: nationalisation
 	English definition: The transfer of ownership of a private business or other private property to a national government, either through uncompensated seizure (expropriation) or through forced sale at a government-determinedprice. (Source: DUC)
 
 nat-ontstoffer
 	English: wet scrubber
 	English definition: 1) An air cleaning device that literally washes out the dust. Exhaust air is forced into a spray chamber, where fine water particles cause the dust to drop from the air stream. The dust-ladden water is then treated to remove the solid material and is often recirculated.2) Equipment through which a gas is passed to remove impurities (solid, liquid, or gaseous particles) by intimate contact with a suitable liquid, usually an aqueous medium. (Source: LANDY /  BRACK /  ALL)
 
 natuur
 	English: nature
 	English definition: All natural phenomena and plant and animal life, as distinct from man and his creations. (Source: CED)
 
 natuur, menselijke leefomgeving
 	English: natural environment, anthropic environment
 
 natuurbeheer
 	English: management of natural resources
 	English definition: Planned use of natural resources, in particular of non-renewable resources, in accordance with principles that assure their optimum long-term economic and social benefits. (Source: MUCKa)
 
 natuurbehoud
 	English: nature conservation
 	English definition: Active management of the earth's natural resources and environment to ensure their quality is maintained and that they are wisely used. (Source: PHC)
 
 natuurbehoudsprogramma
 	English: nature conservation programme
 	English definition: An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to preserve and protect elements of the natural world such as mountains, trees, animals or rivers. (Source: RHW)
 
 natuurbehoudswetgeving
 	English: nature conservation legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect, preserve or renew an area's natural habitats or ecosystem. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 natuurbescherming
 	English: nature protection
 	English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the elements of the material world that exist independently of human activity. (Source: RHW)
 
 natuurgebied
 	English: natural area
 	English definition: An area in which natural processes predominate, fluctuations in numbers of organisms are allowed free play and human intervention is minimal. (Source: LANDY)
 
 natuurgebieden, landschap, ecosystemen
 	English: natural areas, landscape, ecosystems
 
 natuurgevoel
 	English: feeling for nature
 	English definition: A consciousness, sensibility or sympathetic perception of the physical world and its scenery in their uncultivated state. (Source: RHW)
 
 natuurkunde
 	English: physics
 	English definition: The study of those aspects of nature which can be understood in a fundamental way in terms of elementary principles and laws. (Source: MGH)
 
 natuurkunde, fysica
 	English: physics
 
 natuurlijk afbreekbare verontreinigende stof
 	English: biodegradable pollutant
 	English definition: A pollutant which can be converted by biological processes into simple inorganic molecules. (Source: RRDA)
 
 natuurlijk afwateringssysteem
 	English: natural drainage system
 
 natuurlijk bos
 	English: natural forest
 	English definition: A forest area that has developed free from the influence of humans and remains largely unaffected by their activities. The natural forest may include, but is not necessarily equivalent to, an old-growth forest. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 natuurlijk erfgoed
 	English: natural heritage
 	English definition: Generally, the world's natural resources as handed down to the present generation, and specifically, the earth's outstanding physical, biological and geological formations, and habitats of threatened species of animals and plants and areas with scientific, conservation or aesthetic value. (Source: WHC /  OED)
 
 natuurlijk gevaar
 	English: natural hazard
 	English definition: The probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time in a given area of a potentially damaging phenomenon of nature. (Source: GUNN)
 
 natuurlijk landschap
 	English: natural scenery
 	English definition: An area where human effects, if present, are not significant to the landscape as a whole. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 natuurlijk risico
 	English: natural risk
 	English definition: Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by any aspect of the physical world other than human activity. (Source: APD)
 
 natuurlijke afbraak
 	English: biodegradation
 	English definition: Breaking down of a substance by microorganisms. (Source: MGH)
 
 natuurlijke afbreekbaarheid
 	English: biodegradability
 	English definition: The extent to which a substance can be decomposed - or rotted - by bacteria and fungi.Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading claims in business, because shoppers often assume a biodegradable product to be harmless. Some harmful compounds take much longer to degrade than others and the product can harm the environment while it is rotting. Biodegradation may also be incomplete, sometimes leavingresidues in the environment which are more harmful than the original substance. Accumulation in the environment of nonbiodegradable (or poorly biodegradable) substances, such as some biocides, can cause serious problems. (Source: VCN)
 
 natuurlijke balans
 	English: balance of nature
 	English definition: The condition of equilibrium among the components of a natural community such that their relative numbers remain fairly constant and their ecosystem is stable. Gradual readjustments to the composition of a balanced community take place continually in response to natural ecological succession and to alterations in climatic and other influences. By removing or introducing plants or animals, by polluting the environment, by destroying habitats and by rapidly increasing their own numbers, humans can cause major changes, some of which may be irreversible. (Source: ALL)
 
 natuurlijke drijfkracht
 	English: natural dynamics
 
 natuurlijke fauna
 	English: wild fauna
 	English definition: Not domesticated animals living independently of man. (Source: CED)
 
 natuurlijke hulpbronnen
 	English: natural resource
 	English definition: A feature or component of the natural environment that is of value in serving human needs, e.g. soil, water, plantlife, wildlife, etc. Some natural resources have an economic value (e.g. timber) while others have a 'noneconomic' value (e.g. scenic beauty). (Source: UNUN)
 
 natuurlijke hulpbronnen; natuurlijke hulpbronn; hulpbronnen; hulpbron
 	English: natural resources; natural resource; resource; resources
 	English definition: Any component of the environment that can be utilized by an organism. (Source: LBC)
 
 natuurlijke materiaal
 	English: natural material
 
 natuurlijke meststof
 	English: natural fertiliser
 	English definition: Organic material added to the soil to supply chemical elements needed for plant nutrition. (Source: MGH)
 
 natuurlijke omgeving
 	English: natural environment
 	English definition: The complex of atmospheric, geological and biological characteristics found in an area in the absence of artifacts or influences of a well developed technological, human culture. (Source: LANDY)
 
 natuurlijke processen
 	English: natural dynamics
 
 natuurlijke radioactiviteit
 	English: natural radioactivity
 	English definition: Radiation stemming mainly from uranium, present in small amounts in many rocks, soils, building material, etc. (Source: BRACK)
 
 natuurlijke regeneratie
 	English: natural regeneration
 	English definition: The replacement by an organism of tissues or organs which have been lost or severely injured. (Source: MGH)
 
 natuurlijke rijkdommen van de zee
 	English: living marine resource
 
 natuurmonument
 	English: natural monument
 	English definition: A natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Guidance for selection of a natural monument is: a) The area should contain one or more features of outstanding significance (appropriate natural features include spectacular waterfalls, caves, craters, fossil beds, sand dunes and marine features, along with unique or representative fauna and flora; associated cultural features might include cave dwellings, cliff-top forts, archaeological sites, or natural sites which have heritage significance to indigenous peoples).; b) The area should be large enough to protect the integrity of the feature and its immediately related surroundings. (Source: AERG)
 
 natuurpark
 	English: natural park
 	English definition: A designation of project lands which preserves natural resources for their scientific, scenic, cultural and/or educational value by limiting development and management practices. Land managed to protect rare and endangered species of flora and fauna will be designed as natural areas. (Source: LANDY)
 
 natuurramp
 	English: natural disaster
 	English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment without cause from human activity, due to phenomena such as floods, earthquakes, fire and hurricanes. (Source: Unesco-Unep)
 
 natuurreservaat
 	English: nature reserve
 	English definition: Areas allocated to preserve and protect certain animals and plants, or both. They differ from national park, which are largely a place for public recreation, because they are provided exclusively to protect species for their own sake. Endangered species are increasingly being kept in nature reserves to prevent them from extinction, particularly in India, Indonesia and some African countries. Natural reserves were used once to preserve the animals that landowners hunted, but, in the 19th century, they became places where animals were kept to prevent them from dying out. Special refuges and sanctuaries are also often designated to protect certain species or groups of wild animals or plants, especially if their numbers and distribution have been significantly reduced. They also serve as a place for more plentiful species to rest, breed or winter. Many parts of the world also have marine and aquatic reserves to protect different species of sea or freshwater plant and animal life. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 natuurreservaat van de staat
 	English: state biological reserve
 	English definition: An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. (Source: GOOD)
 
 natuursteen
 	English: natural stone
 	English definition: A gemstone that occurs in nature, as distinguished from a man-made substitute. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 natuurvezel
 	English: natural fibre
 	English definition: A textile fiber of mineral, plant or animal origin. (Source: MGH)
 
 natuurwaarde
 	English: natural value
 
 natuurwetenschappen
 	English: natural science
 	English definition: The branches of science dealing with objectively measurable phenomena pertaining to the transformation and relationships of energy and matter; includes biology, physics, and chemistry. (Source: MGH)
 
 natuurwetenschappen
 	English: physical science
 	English definition: The sciences concerned with nonliving matter, energy, and the physical properties of the universe, such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology. (Source: CED)
 
 naverbranding
 	English: afterburning
 	English definition: An afterburner is a gadget fitted to the exhaust flues of furnaces and also to the exhaust systems of motor vehicles. They remove polluting gases and particles, which are the result of incompletely combusted fuel, by incineration and break down other chemical molecules associated with combustion into inert chemicals. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 navigatiegevaar
 	English: navigational hazard
 	English definition: Any obstacle encountered by a vessel in route posing risk or danger to the vessel, its contents or the environment. (Source: OED)
 
 nederzetting
 	English: human settlement
 	English definition: Cities, towns, villages, and other concentrations of human populations which inhabit a given segment or area of the environment. Human settlements are associated with numerous and complex environmental, pollution, and living condition problems for planning and management. (Source: UNUN)
 
 nederzetting in het platteland
 	English: rural settlement
 	English definition: A collection of dwellings located in a rural area. (Source: CEDa)
 
 neergeslagen deeltje
 	English: deposited particulate matter
 
 neerslag
 	English: atmospheric precipitation
 	English definition: The settling out of water from cloud in the form of dew, rain, hail, snow, etc. (Source: ALL)
 
 neerslag
 	English: precipitation (chemical)
 	English definition: The process of producing a separable solid phase within a liquid medium; represents the formation of a new condensed phase, such as a vapour or gas condensing to liquid droplets; a new solid phase gradually precipitates within a solid alloy as a result of slow, inner chemical reaction; in analytical chemistry, precipitation is used to separate a solid phase in an aqueous solution. (Source: MGH)
 
 neerslagbevordering
 	English: precipitation enhancement
 	English definition: Increase of precipitation resulting from changes in the colloidal stability of clouds. This can be either intentional, as with cloud seeding, or unintentional, as with air pollution, which increases aerosol concentrations and reduces sunlight. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 nesten bouwen
 	English: nesting
 	English definition: The building of nests for egg laying and rearing of offspring. (Source: AMHER)
 
 nestgebied
 	English: nesting area
 	English definition: A place where birds gather to lay eggs. (Source: RRDA)
 
 netting-beleid
 	English: netting policy (emissions trading)
 	English definition: All emission sources in the same area that are owned or controlled by a single company are treated as one large source, thereby allowing flexibility in controlling individual sources in order to meet a single emissions standard. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 netto grondstofvermindering
 	English: net resource depletion
 	English definition: The total decrease in the amount of natural materials available for use by humans and other living beings. (Source: RHW / APD)
 
 neurotoxiciteit
 	English: neurotoxicity
 	English definition: The occurrence of adverse effects on a nervous system following exposure to a chemical. (Source: KOREN)
 
 neutraliseren
 	English: neutralisation
 	English definition: To make a solution neutral by adding a base to an acidic solution, or an acid to a basic solution. (Source: MGH)
 
 nevel
 	English: haze
 	English definition: Reduced visibility in the air as a result of condensed water vapour, dust, etc., in the atmosphere. (Source: CED)
 
 nevenproduct
 	English: by-product
 	English definition: A product from a manufacturing process that is not considered the principal material. (Source: MGH)
 
 niet biologisch afbreekbare verontreinigende stof
 	English: non-biodegradable pollutant
 	English definition: An organic compound, usually synthetic, that is not decomposed or mineralized by microorganisms or other biological processes. (Source: FFD)
 
 niet goed afbreekbare organisch verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: persistant organic pollutant
 	English definition: Organic pollutants that do not break down chemically and remain in the environment. Pollutants with higher persistence may produce more harmful environmental effects. (Source: LANDYa)
 
 niet in mijn achtertuin-houding
 	English: NIMBY aptitude
 	English definition: Not In My BackYard: phrase used to describe people who encourage the development of agriculture land for building houses or factories, provided it is not near where they themselves are living. (Source: PHC)
 
 niet verontreinigde deel van de atmosfeer
 	English: clean air area
 	English definition: Areas where significant reductions in ozone forming pollutants have been achieved throughindustrial initiatives to control and/or prevent pollution, through implementation of transportation improvement plans, national efforts to reduce automobile tailpipe emissions and lower the volatility (evaporation rate) of gasoline. (Source: CIHUNT)
 
 niet-conventionele energie
 	English: non-conventional energy
 	English definition: Energy that is renewable and ecologically safe, such as tidal power, wind power, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 niet-gouvernementele organisatie
 	English: non-governmental organisation
 	English definition: Private, voluntary, non-profit organisations, acting as pressure groups. Throughout the world there are more than 5.000 international NGOs which are concerned with the environment and development, with millions of supporters. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 niet-hernieuwbare energiebronnen
 	English: non-renewable energy resource
 	English definition: Non-renewable resources have been built up or evolved over a geological time-span and cannot be used without depleting the stock and raising questions of ultimate exhaustibility, since their rate of formation is so slow as to be meaningless in terms of the human life-span. (Source: GOOD)
 
 niet-hernieuwbare hulpbronnen
 	English: non-renewable resource
 	English definition: A natural resource which, in terms of human time scales, is contained within the Earth in a fixed quantity and therefore can be used once only in the foreseeable future (although it may be recycled after its first use). This includes the fossil fuels and is extended to include mineral resources and sometimes ground water, although water and many minerals are renewed eventually. (Source: ALL)
 
 niet-ioniserende straling
 	English: non-ionising radiation
 	English definition: Radiation that does not change the structure of atoms but does heat tissue and may cause harmful biological effects. (Source: LEE)
 
 niet-metalen
 	English: non-metal
 	English definition: A nonmetallic element, such as arsenic or silicon, that has some of the properties of a metal. (Source: CED)
 
 niet-metallisch mineraal
 	English: non-metallic mineral
 	English definition: Minerals containing non-metals, such as quartz, garnet, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 niet-vervuilende brandstof
 	English: non-polluting fuel
 	English definition: Clean fuel that does not release polluting emissions in the environment, such as methane. (Source: RRDA)
 
 niet-vervuilende energiebron
 	English: non-polluting energy source
 	English definition: Energy that is ecologically safe and renewable. The most widely used source is hydroelectric power, which currently supplies some 6.6% of the world's energy needs. Other non-polluting sources are solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy and wind energy. Most non-polluting energy sources require a high capital investment but have low running costs. (Source: GILP96 /  UVAROV)
 
 niet-vluchtige stof
 	English: non-volatile substance
 	English definition: Substance that is not capable of changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour. (Source: CEDa)
 
 nieuw materiaal
 	English: new material
 	English definition: Novel high-performance materials obtained through the interdisciplinary research of chemistry, applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering. (Source: CMKYUa)
 
 nieuw voedingsmiddel
 	English: novel food
 	English definition: Genetically engineered foods. Novel foods, including those altered using biotechnology, should not differ 'significantly' from thefoods they are to replace. Labels should not be misleading, but must make clear any differences between the novel food and its 'conventional' alternative, and must say how that difference was achieved. Foods containing a genetically modified living organism, such as a live yogurt made with an altered culture, would always be labelled. Any food whose modification might raise moral or health worries to consumers would also have to carry a label. This would include genes from an animal considered unclean by some religions, or from a plant that might cause allergic reactions. However, foods which, although made using novel methods, are identical to conventional foods, would nothave to be labelled. (Source: MOND)
 
 nieuwe gemeenschap
 	English: new community
 	English definition: A sociopolitical, religious, occupational or other group of common characteristics and interests formed as an alternative to social, and often residential, options currently available. (Source: RHW)
 
 nieuwe gemeente
 	English: new town
 	English definition: Any of several recent urban developments that constitute small and essentially self-sufficient cities with a planned ordering of residential, industrial, and commercial development. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 nieuwe installatie
 	English: new installation
 	English definition: A device, system, or piece of equipment that has been recently installed. (Source: CED)
 
 nieuwe technologie
 	English: new technology
 	English definition: Electronic instruments and devices which have recently been developed and are been introduced into industry. New technologies have been introduced often in almost total ignorance or disregard of the biological and ecological systems that they subsequently disturb, and of the dynamic and evolving nature of living systems. (Source: PHC /  WPR)
 
 nieuwsbrief
 	English: newsletter
 	English definition: A printed periodical bulletin circulated to members of a group. (Source: CED)
 
 nieuwsgroep
 	English: newsgroup
 	English definition: A discussion group on a specific topic maintained on a computer network, frequently on the Internet. (Source: ISEP /  WIC)
 
 nijverheid, industrie
 	English: industry
 
 nikkel
 	English: nickel
 	English definition: A malleable ductile silvery-white metallic element that is strong and corrosion-resistant, occurring principally in pentlandite and niccolite: used in alloys, especially in toughening steel, in electroplating, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. (Source: CED)
 
 nitraat
 	English: nitrate
 	English definition: Any salt or ester of nitric acid, such as sodium nitrate. (Source: CED)
 
 nitrieten
 	English: nitrite
 	English definition: A salt or ester of nitric acid, included in compounds such as potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite and butyl nitrite. (Source: RHW)
 
 nitrificatie
 	English: nitrification
 	English definition: The process by which ammonia compounds, including man-made fertilizer and the humus provided by organic matter or plant and animal origin, are converted into nitrites and then nitrates, which are then absorbed as a nutrient by crops. Excess nitrate can be leached into surface waters and groundwaters, causing pollution. Excess nitrate may also be converted by microbes back into gaseous nitrogen, which is an important greenhouse gas, and released back into the atmosphere. The ultimate source of nitrogen in the ecosystem is the molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere. To a very limited extent, some dissolves in water. However, none is found in rock. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 nitrosamine
 	English: nitrosamine
 	English definition: Any one of a class of neutral, usually yellow oily compounds containing the divalent group = NNO. (Source: CED)
 
 NOEL
 	English: NOEL
 	English definition: Acronym for No Observed Effects Level. (Source: KOREN)
 
 nomade
 	English: nomad
 	English definition: 1) A member of a people or tribe who move from place to place to find pasture and food.2) Nomads include gypsies, desert tribes such as the Bedouin and the many primitive tribes in the Americas, Asia and Australia. Herding survives as a way of life around the Sahara, in the Middle East, in Asia as far east as western India, and in the Asian parts of the USSR. The end of pastoral nomadism would be regrettable not merely on account of the independence and distinctiveness of this way of life but because this type of economy may be a more rational means of raising large numbers of animals under arid conditions than is capital-intensive ranching. (Source: CED /  WPR)
 
 nomenclatuur
 	English: nomenclature
 	English definition: A system of names or terms, particularly those related to a specific area of science or art, or the assignment of names to things. (Source: OED)
 
 non-ferro metaalnijverheid
 	English: non-ferrous metal industry
 	English definition: Industry that deals with the processing of metals other than iron and iron-base alloys. (Source: MGH)
 
 non-ferro metalen
 	English: non-ferrous metal
 	English definition: Any metal other than iron and its alloys. (Source: MGH)
 
 noodhulp
 	English: emergency relief
 	English definition: Money, food or other assistance provided for those surviving a sudden and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action, especially an incident of potential harm to human life, property or the environment. (Source: RHW)
 
 noodhulpmaatregel
 	English: emergency relief measure
 
 noodonderkomen
 	English: emergency shelter
 	English definition: Shelter given to persons who are deprived of the essential needs of life following a disaster. (Source: GUNNa)
 
 noodplan
 	English: emergency plan
 	English definition: Program of procedures to be undertaken in the event of a sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action, especially an incident of potential harm to human life, property or the environment. (Source: RHW)
 
 noodwet
 	English: emergency law
 
 Noord- en Zuid-Amerika
 	English: Americas
 	English definition: The landmasses and islands of North America, South America, Mexico, and Central America included in the Western Hemisphere. (Source: AMHER)
 
 Noord-Afrika
 	English: North Africa
 	English definition: A geographic region of the African continent south of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, and north of Africa's tropical rain forest, including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and the Egyptian region west of the Suez Canal, and also the Sahara Desert and Atlas Mountains. (Source: RHW / INP)
 
 Noord-Amerika
 	English: North America
 	English definition: A continent in the northern half of the western hemisphere, bounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north, by the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea in the west, and by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in the east, connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama, and including the United States, Canada, Mexico and several small island nations. (Source: INP)
 
 Noordatlantische Oceaan
 	English: North Atlantic Ocean
 	English definition: The northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, extending northward from the equator to the Arctic Ocean. (Source: AMHER)
 
 Noordelijke Stille Oceaan
 	English: North Pacific Ocean
 	English definition: An ocean north of the equator between the eastern coast of Asia and the western coasts of the Americas, extending northward to the arctic region, with principal arms including the Gulf of Alaska, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan and the Bering, Yellow, East China, South China and Philippine seas, and islands including the Aleutian, Midway, Marshall and Hawaiian islands, the Japanese island arc and the Malay Archipelago. (Source: INP)
 
 Noord-Zuidbetrekkingen
 	English: North-South relationship
 	English definition: The connections, associations or involvement of developed nations, found predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere, with developing nations, found predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. (Source: UIA)
 
 norm
 	English: norm
 	English definition: An established standard, guide, or regulation. A principle or regulation set up by authority, prescribing or directing action or forbearance; as the rules of a legislative body, of a company, court, public office, of the law, of ethics. (Source: WESTS)
 
 norm
 	English: standard
 	English definition: 1) Something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison.2) An object regarded as the most common size or form of its kind.3) A rule or principle that is used as a basis for judgment.4) An average or normal quality, quantity, or level.
 
 normalisatie
 	English: normalisation
 
 nucleair gevaar
 	English: nuclear risk
 	English definition: A risk connected to the functioning of nuclear power plants, by the storage or transportation of radioactive materials and involving the release of potentially dangerous levels of radioactive materials into the environment. (Source: FEMAa)
 
 nucleair onderzoekscentrum
 	English: nuclear research centre
 	English definition: A facility in which scientists and other researchers study the behavior and characteristics of atomic nuclei through testing and other forms of experimentation, often to invent new technology with scientific, medical and industrial purposes. (Source: RAD / MHD)
 
 nucleaire installatie
 	English: nuclear facility
 	English definition: A place, including buildings, where all the activities relating to nuclear research are performed. (Source: CAMB)
 
 nucleaire veiligheid
 	English: nuclear safety
 	English definition: Measures and techniques implemented to reduce the possibility of incidence and the potential harm posed by radioactive substances used as an energy source, a test material or in weaponry. (Source: MHD)
 
 nucleinezuur
 	English: nucleic acid
 	English definition: Any of several organic acids combined with proteins (DNA or RNA) which exist in the nucleus and protoplasm of all cells. (Source: PHC)
 
 nutrient
 	English: nutrient
 	English definition: Chemical elements which are involved in the construction of living tissue and which are needed by both plant and animal. The most important in terms of bulk are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with other essential ones including nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulphur and phosphorus. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 nutrientenkringloop
 	English: nutrient cycle
 	English definition: A biogeochemical cycle, in which inorganic nutrients move through the soil, living organisms, air and water or through some of these. (Source: ALL2)
 
 nutsbedrijf
 	English: public service
 	English definition: An enterprise concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water. (Source: CED)
 
 nutsbedrijf
 	English: public utility
 	English definition: An enterprise concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water. (Source: CED)
 
 nutsbedrijven
 	English: services
 	English definition: The carrying out of work for which there is a constant public demand by the provision of labor and the utilization of tools. (Source: OED)
 
 nutsfunctie
 	English: public function
 	English definition: Activity carried out for the benefit of the community. (Source: NDGIUR)
 
 nuttig organisme
 	English: beneficial organism
 	English definition: Any pollinating insect, or any pest predator, parasite, pathogen or other biological control agent which functions naturally or as part of an integrated pest management program to control another pest. (Source: LEE)
 
 observatiepost
 	English: observatory (in general)
 	English definition: Any building or structure providing an extensive view of its surroundings. (Source: CED)
 
 observatiesatelliet
 	English: observation satellite
 	English definition: Man-made device that orbits the earth, receiving, processing and transmitting signals and generating images such as weather pictures. (Source: PHC)
 
 oceaan
 	English: ocean
 	English definition: The mass of water occupying all of the Earth's surface not occupied by land, but excluding all lakes and inland seas. (Source: WHIT)
 
 oceaancirculatie
 	English: ocean circulation
 	English definition: Water current flow in a closed circular pattern within an ocean. (Source: MGH)
 
 oceaanklimaat
 	English: oceanic climate
 	English definition: A regional climate which is under the predominant influence of the sea, that is, a climate characterized by oceanity; the antithesis of a continental climate. (Source: MGH)
 
 oceaanmonding
 	English: ocean outfall
 	English definition: The mouth or outlet of a river, drain, sewer or any other place at which drainage or wastewater is discharged into a body of oceanic water. (Source: OED)
 
 oceaanstroming
 	English: ocean current
 	English definition: A net transport of ocean water along a definable path. (Source: MGH)
 
 oceaantemperatuur
 	English: ocean temperature
 	English definition: A measure, referenced to a standard value, of the heat or coldness in a body of oceanic water. (Source: RHW)
 
 Oceanie
 	English: Oceania
 	English definition: The islands of the southern, western and central Pacific Ocean, including Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The term is sometimes extended to encompass Australia, New Zealand, and the Malay Archipelago. (Source: AMHER)
 
 oceanografie
 	English: oceanography
 	English definition: The scientific study and exploration of the oceans and seas in all their aspects. (Source: MGH)
 
 oceanografie riviermonding
 	English: estuarine oceanography
 	English definition: The study of the physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics of a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water. (Source: MHE / APD)
 
 octrooi
 	English: patent
 	English definition: A grant of right to exclude others from making, using or selling one's invention and includes right to license others to make, use or sell it. (Source: BLACK)
 
 oerbos
 	English: primary forest
 	English definition: Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC)
 
 oestercultuur
 	English: oyster farming
 	English definition: There are two types of oyster farming: suspension culture, in which oysters are grown off bottom, in floating trays, is a labor-intensive form of cultivation that requires continuous tending and cleaning of both gear and shellfish, and bottom culture, which is similar to conventional crop farming on land; it involves selecting areas of the sea floor that provide a natural food supply, necessary currents, minimum exposure to predators, and proper temperature and then 'seeding' the bottom with shellfish stock that are left to grow to market size. Then they are harvested with a bottom drag from a boat. Both suspension culture and bottom culture depend on natural food supplies for growing the shellfish being raised. (Source: MSTF)
 
 oevervegetatie; rivieroevervegetatie
 	English: riverside vegetation
 	English definition: Plants growing in areas adjacent to rivers and streams.  (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 officiele hoorzitting
 	English: official hearing
 	English definition: Proceedings of relative formality, with definite issues of fact or of law to be tried, in which witnesses are heard and parties proceeded against have right to be heard. (Source: WESTS)
 
 olfactometrie
 	English: olfactometry
 	English definition: The testing and measurement of the sensitivity of the sense of smell. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 olie- en vettenindustrie
 	English: oil and fat industry
 	English definition: Industry for the production and processing of edible oils and fats. (Source: RRDA)
 
 olie in kleilagen
 	English: oil shale
 	English definition: A kerogen-bearing, finely laminated brown or black sedimentary rock that will yield liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons on distillation. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 oliebezinksel
 	English: olive oil mill wastewater
 	English definition: Aqueous residue deriving from the process of oil extraction from olives; it is composed of the olive-combined water and of the water used in the extraction and washing processes. It also contains a certain percentage of mineral compounds and of organic substances that are only partially biodegradable. (Source: UIB /  FLGISAa)
 
 oliebindende stof
 	English: oil binding agent
 	English definition: Highly absorbent agents used for physically removing spilled oil in case of leakages and oil accidents occurring in water bodies, industry, work-shops, on roads, etc. Materials that have been found useful for this service vary from simple, naturally occurring materials such as straw, sawdust, and peat to synthetic agents, such as polyurethane foam and polystyrene powder. (Source: FUNKE /  PZ)
 
 olieboringen op zee
 	English: offshore oil drilling
 	English definition: The act or process of extracting petroleum from deposits underlying the floor of the ocean or some other large body of water. (Source: ENC)
 
 olielozing
 	English: oil spill
 	English definition: The accidental release of oil, or other petroleum products usually into freshwater or marine ecosystems, and usually in large quantities. It can be controlled by chemical dispersion, combustion, mechanical containment, and absorption. (Source: RRDA /  LANDYa)
 
 olie-opslagterrein
 	English: tank farm
 	English definition: Storage space for containers of liquids or gases. (Source: RRDA)
 
 oliepijpleiding
 	English: oil pipeline
 	English definition: A line of pipe connected to valves and other control devices, for conducting oil. (Source: MGH)
 
 olieproductie
 	English: oil production (chain)
 	English definition: The petroleum industry is a complex industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. Treatment may involve oil separation, precipitation, adsorption, and biological treatment. The refining operations can be divided into four major steps: separation, conversion, treating, and blending. The crude oil is first separated into selected fractions (gasoline, kerosine, fuel oil, etc.). Some of the less valuable products such as heavy naphtha, are converted to products with a greater sale value such as gasoline. The final step is the blending of the refined base stocks with each other and various additive to meet final product specifications. The major pollutants emitted are sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and malodorous materials. (Source: PZ)
 
 olieraffinaderij
 	English: oil refinery
 	English definition: System of process units used to convert crude petroleum into fuels, lubricants, and other petroleum-derived products. (Source: MGH)
 
 olieraffinage
 	English: oil refining
 	English definition: The separation of petroleum mixtures into their component parts. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 olietanker
 	English: oil tanker
 	English definition: A very large ship which carries crude oil or other petroleum products in big tanks. (Source: MGH)
 
 olievervuiling
 	English: oil pollution
 	English definition: Contamination of any ecosystem, but usually of freshwater or marine ecosystems, by oil or other petroleum products. (Source: ISEP)
 
 omgekeerde osmose
 	English: reverse osmosis
 	English definition: A method of obtaining pure water from water containing a salt, as in desalination. Pure water and the salt water are separated by a semipermeable membrane and the pressure of the salt water is raised above the osmotic pressure, causing water from the brine to pass through the membrane into the pure water. This process requires a pressure of some 25 atmospheres, which makes it difficult to apply on a large scale. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 omgevingsgeluid
 	English: environmental noise
 	English definition: The sound and the characteristics of sounds from all sources in the surrounding environment. (Source: CONFER)
 
 omgevingsgeluid
 	English: neighbourhood noise
 	English definition: General noise from a local source (such as the noise of a factory) which is disturbing to people living in the area. (Source: PHC)
 
 omgewaaide bomen
 	English: windfall
 	English definition: 1) Falling of old trees in a forest caused by a storm or strong wind. It plays an important role in the spontaneous regeneration of forest ecosystems.2) A plot of land covered with trees blown down by the wind. (Source: RAMADE /  CED)
 
 omkeringslaag
 	English: inversion layer
 	English definition: The atmosphere layer through which an inversion occurs. (Source: MGH)
 
 omzetting richtlijn
 	English: transposition of directive
 
 onbebouwd gebied
 	English: non-built-up area
 	English definition: Areas which are not intensely developed for housing, commerce, industry, etc. (Source: LANDY)
 
 onbehandeld water
 	English: raw water
 	English definition: Water that has not been treated. (Source: PHC)
 
 onbepaald rechtsbegrip
 	English: indefinite legal concept
 	English definition: A condition or extent of time in a government enforced contract, instrument or agreement that lacks precision, distinguishing characteristics or fixed boundaries. (Source: BLD)
 
 onchocerciasis
 	English: onchocerciasis
 	English definition: Infection with the filaria Onchocerca volvulus; results in skin tumours, papular dermatitis, and ocular complications. (Source: MGH)
 
 oncologie
 	English: oncology
 	English definition: The study of the causes, development, characteristics, and treatment of tumors. (Source: MGH)
 
 onder druk staand gebied
 	English: area under stress
 	English definition: Areas that are flooded by rising number of tourists or other kinds of pressure and suffer from insufficient or inappropriate planning and management. Damage frequently arises from a lack of understanding or interest of the value of such sites. (Source: WPR)
 
 onder toezicht staande jachtzone
 	English: controlled hunting zone
 	English definition: An administered geographic area in which the pursuit, capture and killing of wild animals for food or sport, is allowed, often with certain restrictions or regulations. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 onderbelasting van een elektriciteitscentrale
 	English: power station derating
 	English definition: The process by which a power plant is finally taken out of operation. (Source: ECHO1a)
 
 onderdak
 	English: lodging
 	English definition: Provision of accommodation for rest or for residence in a room or rooms or in a dwelling place. (Source: OED)
 
 onderdeel van de atmosfeer
 	English: atmospheric component
 	English definition: The Earth's atmosphere consists by volume of nitrogen (79,1%), oxygen (20,9%), carbon dioxide (about 0,03%) and traces of the noble gases (argon, krypton, xenon, helium) plus water vapour, traces of ammonia, organic matter, ozone, various salts and suspended solid particles. (Source: ALL)
 
 onderdrukking
 	English: repression
 	English definition: The act, as by power or authority, of arresting or inhibiting the communication of ideas or facts as expressed in a practice, movement, publication or piece of evidence in a court proceeding. (Source: OED)
 
 ondergrond
 	English: subsoil
 	English definition: Soil underlying surface soil, devoid of plant roots. (Source: MGH /  ZINZAN)
 
 ondergrondse groeve
 	English: underground quarry
 	English definition: Quarry located below the surface of the earth. (Source: CAMB)
 
 ondergrondse lozing
 	English: underground disposal
 	English definition: The discharge, dumping or emission of wastes below the surface of the soil. (Source: RHW)
 
 ondergrondse opslag
 	English: underground storage
 	English definition: Storage located underground designed to hold gasoline or other petroleum products or chemical solutions. (Source: LEE)
 
 ondergrondse opslag
 	English: underground dump
 	English definition: Any subterranean or below-ground site in which solid, or other, waste is deposited without environmental controls. (Source: TOE)
 
 onderhandelbare heffingen
 	English: negotiable charge
 
 onderhoud (technisch)
 	English: maintenance (technical)
 	English definition: The upkeep of industrial facilities and equipment. (Source: MGH)
 
 onderneming
 	English: undertaking business
 	English definition: Any commercial activity, position or site associated with the preparation of the dead for burial and the management and arrangement of funerals. (Source: RHW)
 
 ondernemingen
 	English: firm
 	English definition: A commercial partnership of two or more persons, especially when incorporated. (Source: AMHER)
 
 ondernemingsbeleid
 	English: company policy
 	English definition: Official guidelines or set of guidelines adopted by a company for the management of its activity. (Source: RRDA)
 
 ondernemingsbeleid
 	English: business policy
 	English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for an enterprise or company organized for commercial purposes. (Source: RHW)
 
 ondernemingsstructuur
 	English: company structure
 	English definition: The type of organization of a company. Three kinds of structure are usually recognized: centralized, formal or hierarchical. (Source: ECONSK)
 
 onderverdeling van de zeebodem
 	English: benthic division
 	English definition: The bottom of a body of water often occupied by benthos. (Source: GILP96)
 
 ondervoeding
 	English: malnutrition
 	English definition: Defective nutrition due to inadequate intake of nutrients or to their faulty digestion, assimilation or metabolism. (Source: MGH)
 
 onderwater uitlaat
 	English: underwater outlet
 	English definition: Point of water disposal located below the sea surface. (Source: LANDYa)
 
 onderwerp
 	English: subject
 
 onderwijs
 	English: education
 	English definition: The act or process of imparting or acquiring knowledge or skills. (Source: RHW)
 
 onderwijs
 	English: teaching
 	English definition: The act of imparting knowledge or skill. (Source: RRDA)
 
 onderwijsbeleid
 	English: education policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which promotes or determines the goals, methods and programs to be used for training, instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning and judgment. (Source: RHW)
 
 onderwijsinstelling
 	English: educational institution
 	English definition: An organization or establishment devoted to the act or process of imparting or acquiring knowledge or skills. (Source: RHW)
 
 onderwijsmateriaal
 	English: teaching material
 	English definition: An article or device used to facilitate the learning process in an instructional setting. (Source: RHW)
 
 onderwijsmethode
 	English: teaching method
 	English definition: A procedure, technique or system with definite plans for instruction or imparting knowledge. (Source: RHW)
 
 onderwijsplanning
 	English: educational planning
 	English definition: The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the training, instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning and judgment. (Source: RHW)
 
 onderwijssysteem
 	English: educational system
 	English definition: Any formulated, regular or special organization of instruction, training or knowledge disclosure, especially the institutional structures supporting that endeavor. (Source: ISEP /  OED)
 
 onderzees
 	English: submarine
 
 onderzoek
 	English: research
 	English definition: Scientific investigation aimed at discovering and applying new facts, techniques and natural laws. (Source: MGH)
 
 onderzoek
 	English: research
 
 onderzoek aan het ecosysteem
 	English: ecosystem research
 	English definition: Study of the ways in which plants, animals, and microbes interact with each other and with their physical environment and of the processes involving the circulation, transformation and accumulation of both matter, especially nutrient materials, and energy. (Source: CULTER /  PARCORa)
 
 onderzoek aan uitgestoten gassen
 	English: waste gas examination
 	English definition: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaust gases emitted from vehicles, industrial plants, etc. in order to asses their composition. (Source: RRDA)
 
 onderzoek effect op miliehygiene
 	English: environmental health impact assessment
 	English definition: Assessment of impacts caused by an action on the health conditions of a population. (Source: RRDA)
 
 onderzoek naar de bereidheid tot betalen
 	English: willingness-to-pay analysis
 
 onderzoek naar de effecten
 	English: research of the effects
 	English definition: Investigation carried out to assess the results deriving from an action or condition; general term applying to many different fields. (Source: RRDA)
 
 onderzoek naar het algemene nut (van ...)
 	English: public benefit inquiry
 	English definition: An investigation, especially a formal one conducted into a matter of public utility by a body constituted for that purpose by a government, local authority, or other organization. (Source: CED)
 
 onderzoek, wetenschappen
 	English: research, sciences
 
 onderzoeksbeleid
 	English: research policy
 
 onderzoekscentrum
 	English: research centre
 	English definition: Place where systematic investigation to establish facts or principles or to collect information on a subject is performed. (Source: CEDa)
 
 onderzoeksproject
 	English: research project
 	English definition: Proposal, plan or design containing the necessary information and data for conducting a specific survey. (Source: CEDa)
 
 ondoordringbaar struikgewas
 	English: maquis
 	English definition: A low evergreen shrub formation, usually found on siliceous soils in the Mediterranean lands where winter rainfall and summer drought are the characteristic climate features. It consists of a profusion of aromatic species, such as lavender, myrtle, oleander and rosemary and often includes abundant spiny shrubs. It has been suggested that the maquis is a secondary vegetation, occupying the lands cleared of their natural evergreen oak forests by human activity. (Source: WHIT)
 
 ongecontroleerde storting
 	English: uncontrolled dump
 	English definition: Place where waste is left on the ground and not buried in a hole. (Source: PHC)
 
 ongedierte
 	English: vermin
 	English definition: Small animals and insects that can be harmful and which are difficult to control when they appear in large numbers. (Source: CAMB)
 
 ongeval
 	English: accident
 	English definition: An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. (Source: TOE /  HMD)
 
 ongewervelde dieren
 	English: invertebrate
 	English definition: Any animal lacking a backbone, including all species not classified as vertebrates. (Source: CED)
 
 onkruid
 	English: weed
 	English definition: Any plant that grows wild and profusely, especially one that grows among cultivated plants, depriving them of space, food, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 onkruidbestrijding
 	English: weed control
 	English definition: Freeing an area of land from weeds by several means, such as herbicides, tillage, burning, mowing, and crop competition. (Source: RRDA)
 
 on-linedienst(verlening)
 	English: on-line service
 	English definition: Service providing an active connection with a communications network. (Source: DBMDE)
 
 onomkeerbaarheid van het verschijnsel
 	English: irreversibility of the phenomenon
 	English definition: That quality of a process that precludes a prior state from being attained again. (Source: MICHa)
 
 onoplosbare stof
 	English: insoluble substance
 	English definition: Substance incapable of forming a solution, especially in water. (Source: CED)
 
 onrechtmatige daad
 	English: wrongful act
 	English definition: An act contrary to the rules of natural or legal justice. (Source: CURZON)
 
 onrechtmatige overheidsdaad
 	English: wrongful government act
 	English definition: A deed performed by a government official or agent in exercise of police, constitutional, legislative, administrative or judicial powers that infringes upon the rights of another and causes damage, without protecting an equal or superior right. (Source: BLD)
 
 ontbossing
 	English: deforestation
 	English definition: The removal of forest and undergrowth to increase the surface of arable land or to use the timber for construction or industrial purposes. Forest and its undergrowth possess a very high water-retaining capacity, inhibiting runoff of rainwater. (Source: GILP)
 
 ontbossing
 	English: forest cover destruction
 	English definition: Destruction of forests is carried out in many countries in order to provide new land for agricultural or livestock purposes. It is often done without factors such as climate and topography having been sufficiently studied and on lands where slope nature of the soil or other physiographic characteristics clearly indicate that the land involved is suitable only for forest. Although these practices may lead to a temporary increase in productivity, there are also many indications that in the long run there is usually a decrease in productivity per unit of surface and that erosion and irreversible soil deterioration often accompany this process. Many factors contribute to forest cover destruction: timber production, clearance for agriculture, cutting for firewood and charcoal, fires, droughts, strip mining, pollution, urban development, population pressures, and warfare. (Source: WPR)
 
 ontchloring
 	English: dechlorination
 	English definition: Removal of chlorine from a substance. (Source: MGH)
 
 onteigening
 	English: expropriation
 	English definition: To deprive an owner of property, especially by taking it for public use. (Source: CED)
 
 ontgassing van een afvalstortplaats
 	English: landfill degasification
 	English definition: Landfill gas is highly dangerous as methane is highly explosive; therefore it must be controlled at all operational landfill sites, whether by active or passive ventilation or both especially in the case of deep sites. There exist venting systems for shallow and deep sites respectively. (Source: PORT)
 
 ontgifting
 	English: detoxification
 	English definition: The act or process of removing a poison or the toxic properties of a substance in the body. (Source: MGH)
 
 ontginning van de landbouwgrond
 	English: cultivation of agricultural land
 	English definition: Cultivation of land for the production of plant crops. Agricultural land may be employed in an unimproved state with few, if any, management inputs (extensive rangeland), or in an intensively managed state with annual inputs of fertilizer, pest, control treatments, and tillage. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 ontharden
 	English: softening
 	English definition: Reduction of the hardness of water by removing hardness-forming ions (chiefly calcium and magnesium) by precipitation or ion exchange, or sequestering them as by combining them with substances such as certain phosphates, that form soluble but non-ionized salts. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 ontheemde
 	English: displaced person
 	English definition: Persons who, for different reasons or circumstances, have been compelled to leave their homes. (Source: GUNN)
 
 ontogenese
 	English: ontogenesis
 	English definition: The entire sequence of events involved in the development of an individual organism. (Source: CED)
 
 ontploffing
 	English: explosion
 	English definition: A violent, sudden release of energy resulting from powders or gases undergoing instantaneous ignition or from some other means of detonation, often accompanied by a force producing great amounts of heat, major structural damages, shock waves and flying shrapnel. (Source: HMD)
 
 ontsmetting
 	English: decontamination
 	English definition: The removing of chemical, biological, or radiological contamination from, or the neutralizing of it on a person, object, or area. (Source: LANDY)
 
 ontsmetting
 	English: disinfection
 	English definition: The complex of physical, chemical or mechanical operations undertaken to destroy pathogenic germs. (Source: CED /  ZINZAN)
 
 ontsmetting
 	English: fumigation
 	English definition: The use of a chemical compound in a gaseous state to kill insects, nematodes, arachnids, rodents, weeds, and fungi in confined or inaccessible locations; also used to control weeds, nematodes, and insects in the field. (Source: MGH)
 
 ontsmettingsmiddel
 	English: disinfectant
 	English definition: An agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that disinfects by destroying, neutralizing, or inhibiting the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms. (Source: AMHER)
 
 ontspanning
 	English: recreation
 	English definition: Activities that promote refreshment of health or spirits by relaxation and enjoyment. (Source: CED)
 
 ontspanning, recreatie,toerisme
 	English: recreation, tourism
 
 ontspanningsterrein
 	English: recreational area
 	English definition: A piece of publicly owned land, especially in a town, used for sports and games. (Source: CAMB)
 
 ontsteking
 	English: infection
 	English definition: The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of a living organism. (Source: KOREN)
 
 onttrekking van voedingsstoffen
 	English: nutrient removal
 	English definition: Elimination of nutrients as, for example, from sewage in order to prevent eutrophication of water in reservoirs. (Source: PHCa)
 
 ontvetten
 	English: degreasing
 	English definition: 1) Removing grease from wool with chemicals. 2) Removing grease from hides or skins in tanning by tumbling them in solvents. 3) Removing grease, oil, or fatty material from a metal surface with fumes from a hot solvent. (Source: MGH)
 
 ontwaterd slib
 	English: dehydrated sludge
 	English definition: Sludge whose water content has been reduced by physical means. (Source: LEEa)
 
 ontwerp
 	English: design (project)
 	English definition: A graphic representation, especially a detailed plan for construction or manufacture. (Source: AMHER)
 
 ontwerp
 	English: project
 	English definition: The complex of actions, which have a potential for resulting in a physical change in the environment. (Source: LANDY)
 
 ontwerpwetgeving
 	English: draft legislation
 	English definition: An initial unsigned agreement, treaty, or piece of legislation which is not yet in force. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 ontwikkelde landen
 	English: developed country
 	English definition: A nation possessing a relatively high degree of industrialization, infrastructure and other capital investment, sophisticated technology, widespread literacy and advanced living standards among its populations as a whole. (Source: UIA)
 
 ontwikkeling
 	English: development
 	English definition: Increasing the capacity to meet human needs and improve the quality of human life. (Source: JCU)
 
 ontwikkeling van de waterkant
 	English: waterside development
 	English definition: Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in waterfront areas. (Source: RHW)
 
 ontwikkeling waterbronnen
 	English: water resources development
 
 ontwikkelingsgebied
 	English: development area
 	English definition: Area which has been given special help from a government to encourage business and factories to be set up there. (Source: PHC)
 
 ontwikkelingsgraad
 	English: status of development
 	English definition: The extent to which a society promotes human well-being in all dimensions of existence by forming people's capabilities, expanding choices and increasing opportunities. (Source: POP)
 
 ontwikkelingshulp
 	English: development aid
 	English definition: The economic assistance or other types of support provided to developing countries to promote or encourage advancement in living standards, institutions, infrastructure, agricultural practices and other aspects of an economy, and to resolve problems typically  associated with developing countries. (Source: ODE)
 
 ontwikkelingslanden
 	English: developing country
 	English definition: A country whose people are beginning to utilize available resources in order to bring about a sustained increase in per capita production of goods and services. (Source: GREENW)
 
 ontwikkelingsmodel
 	English: development model
 	English definition: A description, representation, or conception of the economic advancement process of a region or people. (Source: ISEP /  OED)
 
 ontwikkelingspatroon
 	English: development pattern
 	English definition: The combination of qualities, structures, acts and tendencies characterizing the economic and social growth of a community or human group. (Source: RHW)
 
 ontwikkelingsplan
 	English: development plan
 	English definition: The statement of local planning policies that each local planning authority is required by statute to maintain, and which can only be made or altered by following the procedures prescribed for that purpose, which include obligations to consult widely and to hold a public local inquiry into objections. The development plan includes: 1) the structure plan for the area (normally prepared by the country council); 2) an area-wide development plan for each district council area. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 ontwikkelingsplanning
 	English: development planning
 	English definition: The act or process of formulating a course of action that promotes the economic advancement of a region or people, particularly in countries known to have low levels of economic productivity and technological sophistication. (Source: OED / WBG)
 
 ontwikkelingssamenwerking
 	English: development co-operation
 
 ontzilting
 	English: desalination
 	English definition: Removal of salt, as from water or soil. (Source: MGH)
 
 ontzilting van water
 	English: water desalination
 	English definition: Any mechanical procedure or process where some or all of the salt is removed from water. (Source: LEE)
 
 ontziltingsinstallatie
 	English: desalination plant
 	English definition: 1) Plants for the extraction of fresh water from saltwater by the removal of salts, usually by distilling.2) Parts of the world with severe water shortages are looking to desalination plants to solve their problems. Desalination of water is still nearly four times more expensive than obtaining water from conventional sources. However technology is improving and costs are likely to decrease slightly in the future. There is now more interest in building distillation plants beside electric installations so that the waste heat from power generation can be used to drive the desalination process. (Source: ALL /  WRIGHT)
 
 ontzouting van zeewater
 	English: sea water desalination
 	English definition: Removing salt from ocean or brackish water. (Source: LEE)
 
 ontzwaveling
 	English: desulphurisation
 	English definition: The removal of sulphur, as from molten metals or petroleum oil. Sulphur residues in fuels end up as sulphur dioxide when the fuel is burned causing acid rain. (Source: MGH)
 
 onvruchtbaar gebied
 	English: arid land
 	English definition: Lands characterized by low annual rainfall of less than 250 mm, by evaporation exceeding precipitation and a sparse vegetation. (Source: LBC)
 
 onweersbui
 	English: thunderstorm
 	English definition: A storm caused by strong rising air currents and characterized by thunder and lightning and usually heavy rain or hail. (Source: CED)
 
 onwettelijke vestiging
 	English: squatter settlement
 	English definition: Settlement on land or property to which there is no legal title. (Source: CEDa)
 
 oogst
 	English: harvest
 	English definition: The amount or measure of the crop gathered in a season. (Source: AMHER)
 
 oogst
 	English: yield (agricultural)
 	English definition: The accumulated volume or biomass remaining from gross production after accounting for losses due to respiration during production, herbivory, litterfall, and other factors that decrease the remaining available biomass. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 oorlog
 	English: war
 	English definition: A conflict or a state of hostility between two or more parties, nations or states, in which armed forces or military operations are used. (Source: RHW)
 
 oorlogsslachtoffer
 	English: war victim
 	English definition: A person that suffers from the destructive action undertaken as a result of an armed conflict between two or more parties, particularly death, injury, hardship, loss of property or dislocation. (Source: RHW)
 
 oorwurmen
 	English: earwig
 	English definition: Any of various insects of the order Dermaptera, especially Forficula auricularia, which typically have an elongated body with small leathery forewings, semicircular membranous hindwings, and curved forceps at the tip of the abdomen. (Source: CED)
 
 oorzaak van een ongeluk
 	English: accident source
 	English definition: The cause or origin of an unexpected occurrence, failure or loss with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. (Source: OED /  HMD)
 
 oorzaak-gevolg relatie
 	English: cause-effect relation
 	English definition: The relating of causes to the effects that they produce. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 Oost-Afrika
 	English: East Africa
 	English definition: A geographic region of the African continent that includes Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Somalia, and also Mt. Kilimanjaro and Lake Victoria. (Source: ENA / CIA)
 
 Oost-Azie
 	English: Eastern Asia
 	English definition: A geographic region of the Asian continent bordered by the Pacific Ocean in the east that includes China, Japan, Korea, Macao, Taiwan and Siberia. (Source: RHW)
 
 Oost-Europa
 	English: Eastern Europe
 	English definition: A geographic region of the European continent west of Asia and east of Germany and the Adriatic Sea, traditionally consisting of countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union, such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Bulgaria. (Source: INP / CIA)
 
 Oost-West handel
 	English: East-West trade
 	English definition: Trade between countries and companies of the Western hemisphere with those of the Eastern hemisphere (usually referring to former Communist countries of Eastern Europe).
 
 Oost-West verhoudingen
 	English: East-West relations
 
 op maat gemaakt chemisch product
 	English: speciality chemical
 	English definition: Various fine chemical products like glue, adhesives, resins, rubber, plastic compounds, selective herbicide, etc. (Source: ICBT)
 
 op olie gebaseerde energie
 	English: oil-based energy
 	English definition: Energy produced using oil as fuel. (Source: PHCa)
 
 opbergen kernafval
 	English: nuclear power plant disposal
 
 opberging te land
 	English: land disposal
 	English definition: The discharge, deposit or injection of any waste onto or into the soil or other land surfaces. (Source: ISEP)
 
 opbrengst
 	English: yield (economy)
 	English definition: Profit or income created through an investment or a business transaction.
 
 open zee
 	English: open sea
 	English definition: The high seas lying outside the exclusive economic zones of states. All states have equal rights to navigate, to overfly, to lay submarine cables, to construct artificial islands, to fish, and to conduct scientific research within the high seas. (Source: GOOD)
 
 openbaar
 	English: public
 	English definition: The community or people in general or a part or section of the community grouped because of a common interest or activity. (Source: CED)
 
 openbaar bad
 	English: public bath
 	English definition: A place having baths for public use. (Source: CED)
 
 openbaar gebouw
 	English: public building
 	English definition: A building to which there is free access by the public and which is available for the use of a community. (Source: HARRISa /  CEDa)
 
 openbaar ministerie
 	English: public prosecutor's office
 	English definition: A government agency for which an elected or appointed attorney or staff of attorneys is vested with the authority by a constitution or statute to try cases on the government's behalf, to represent public interest or to take legal action against persons violating federal, state or local laws. (Source: USC / LTM)
 
 openbaar onderzoek
 	English: public inquiry
 	English definition: An investigation, especially a formal one conducted into a matter of public utility by a body constituted for that purpose by a government, local authority, or other organization. (Source: CED)
 
 openbaar park
 	English: public park
 	English definition: Park with big trees, ornamental plants, alleys bordered by trees or bushes, fountains and statues situated in a town and whose access is free. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 openbaar slachthuis; slachthuis; abattoir
 	English: slaughterhouse
 	English definition: A place where animals are butchered for food.  (Source: CED)
 
 openbaar vervoer
 	English: public transport
 	English definition: The act or the means of conveying people in mass as opposed to conveyance in private vehicles. (Source: GOOD)
 
 openbaar vervoersmiddel
 	English: public transport vehicle
 	English definition: Vehicle for conveying large numbers of paying passengers from one place to another. (Source: RRDA)
 
 openbaar zeegebied
 	English: public maritime domain
 	English definition: eas or ocean areas owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 openbaarheid
 	English: right of access
 
 openbare aanklager
 	English: public prosecutor
 	English definition: An officer of government whose function is the prosecution of criminal actions, or suits partaking of the nature of criminal actions. (Source: WESTS)
 
 openbare administratieve instelling
 	English: public institution of administrative nature
 	English definition: Public institution for the management of administrative issues. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 openbare discussie
 	English: public discussion
 	English definition: Consideration, commentary by argument or informal debate on some issue that is open and of concern to the general populace. (Source: RHW)
 
 openbare hoorzitting
 	English: public hearing
 	English definition: Right to appear and give evidence and also right to hear and examine witnesses whosetestimony is presented by opposing parties. (Source: BLACK)
 
 openbare instelling
 	English: public institution
 	English definition: Institution for the management of public issues. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 openbare instelling op commercieel en industrieel gebied
 	English: public institution of industrial and commercial nature
 	English definition: Public institution for the management of industrial and commercial issues. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 openbare sector
 	English: public sector
 	English definition: Segment of the economy run to some degree by government, including national and local governments, government-owned firms and quasi-autonomous non-government organizations. (Source: ODE)
 
 openbare waterwegen
 	English: public waterways domain
 	English definition: Rivers, canals and lakes owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 openbare werken
 	English: public works
 	English definition: Structures, as roads, dams, or post offices, paid for by government funds for public use.
 
 opgeloste organische koolstof
 	English: dissolved organic carbon
 	English definition: The fraction of total organic carbon (all carbon atoms covalently bonded in organic molecules) in water that passes through a 0.45 micron pore-diameter filter. (Source: WQA)
 
 opgeloste zuurstof
 	English: dissolved oxygen
 	English definition: The amount of oxygen dissolved in a stream, river or lake is an indication of the degree of health of the stream and its ability to support a balanced aquatic ecosystem. The oxygen comes from the atmosphere by solution and from photosynthesis of water plants. The maximum amount of oxygen that can be held in solution in a stream is termed the saturation concentration and, as it is a function of temperature, the greater the temperature, the less the saturation amount. The discharge of an organic waste to a stream imposes an oxygen demand on the stream. If there is an excessive amount of organic matter, the oxidation of waste by microorganisms will consume oxygen more rapidly than it can be replenished. When this happens, the dissolved oxygen is depleted and results in the death of the higher forms of life. (Source: PORT)
 
 opheffing (geologisch)
 	English: rising (geological)
 	English definition: The slow vertical instability of the earth crust involving up-and-down movements as in the volcanic district west of Naples, Italy. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 opiniepeiling
 	English: public opinion polling
 	English definition: The canvassing of a representative sample of a large group of people on some question in order to determine the general opinion of a group. (Source: CED)
 
 opiniepeiling
 	English: opinion survey
 	English definition: The canvassing of a representative sample of a large group of people on some question in order to determine the general opinion of a group. (Source: CED)
 
 opinietrend
 	English: trend of opinion
 	English definition: The general movement, drift or direction of change in a viewpoint collectively and purportedly held by a significant number of people. (Source: RHW)
 
 opleiding
 	English: training
 	English definition: The process of bringing a person or a group of persons to an agreed standard of proficiency, by practice and instruction. (Source: CED)
 
 opleidingscentrum
 	English: training centre
 	English definition: Place where people are prepared for a specific purpose. (Source: CEDa)
 
 opleidingsniveau
 	English: level of education
 	English definition: A position along a scale of increasingly advanced training marking the degree or grade of instruction either obtained by an individual, offered by a some entity or necessary for a particular job or task. (Source: RHW)
 
 oplosbaarheid
 	English: solubility
 	English definition: The ability of a substance to form a solution with another substance. (Source: MGH)
 
 oplosmiddel
 	English: solvent
 	English definition: Substance, generally a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance. (Source: CED)
 
 oplossing
 	English: dissolution
 	English definition: Dissolving of a material. (Source: MGH)
 
 opname
 	English: incorporation
 
 opname van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant absorption
 	English definition: The process by which a pollutant is physically incorporated into another substance or body. (Source: FFD)
 
 oppervlaktebehandeling
 	English: surface treatment
 	English definition: Any method of treating a material (metal, polymer, or wood) so as to alter the surface, rendering it receptive to inks, paints, lacquers, adhesives, and various other treatments, or resistant to weather or chemical attack. (Source: MGH)
 
 oppervlaktewater
 	English: surface water
 	English definition: All waters on the surface of the Earth found in streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, marshes or wetlands, and as ice and snow. (Source: LANDY /  BJGEO)
 
 oppervlaktewaterbeheer
 	English: surface water management
 	English definition: The administration or handling of water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, seas, etc.). (Source: RHW / TOE)
 
 opruimingsoperatie bij rampen
 	English: disaster cleanup operation
 	English definition: A course or procedure of activity designed to clear the debris or remove harmful substances left by an ecological calamity, natural or human in origin, in a given area. (Source: ISEP /  TOE)
 
 opruimingsschip; olieopruimingsschip
 	English: recovery vessel; oil recovery vessel
 	English definition: Boats used for recovering oil spilled at sea from oil tankers. The recommended procedure is to contain and physically recover the spill with or without the use of adsorbents. This approach entails three processes: a) confinement of the spill by spill booms; b) recovery of the spill by sorbing agents; c) physical removal of the contained oil by oil pick-up devices. (Source: JBFENV /  PZ)
 
 opslag
 	English: storage (process)
 	English definition: A series of actions undertaken to deposit or hold goods, materials or waste in some physical location, as in a facility, container, tank or dumping site. (Source: RHW)
 
 opslag van warmte
 	English: heat storage
 	English definition: Keeping heat created during a period of low consumption until a peak period when it is needed. (Source: PHC)
 
 opsporing
 	English: detection
 	English definition: The act or process of discovering evidence or proof of governmental, legal or ethical violations. (Source: RHW)
 
 opsporingstechniek voor radioactieve straling
 	English: radioactive tracer technique
 
 opstapeling van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant accumulation
 	English definition: The process by which concentrations of pollutants progressively increase in the tissues of living organisms in environments where these pollutants are present. (Source: FFD)
 
 optimalisering van installaties
 	English: installation optimisation
 	English definition: Adjustments made to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus in order to maximize its functionality and efficiency. (Source: OED)
 
 opvoeding
 	English: upbringing
 
 orde
 	English: order
 	English definition: 1) A direction or command of a court. In this sense it is often used synonymously with judgment. 2) The document bearing the seal of the court recording its judgment in a case. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 orde van de Chiroptera [vliegende zoogdieren]
 	English: chiropteran
 	English definition: Order of placental mammals comprising the bats having the front limbs modified as wings. (Source: CED)
 
 orgaan
 	English: organ
 	English definition: A fully differentiated structural and functional unit, such as a kidney or a root, in an animal or plant. (Source: CED)
 
 organisatie
 	English: organisation (law)
 	English definition: Term used in commercial law, including a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity. (Source: BLACK)
 
 organisatie van het onderwijs
 	English: organisation of teaching
 	English definition: A group or association of persons united to address the concerns, methods and professional status of instructors or educators. (Source: RHW)
 
 organisatie van het rechtsstelsel
 	English: organisation of the legal system
 	English definition: The specific manner, form and institutions by which a government's ability to make, enforce and interpret laws are brought together into a coordinated whole. (Source: RHW)
 
 organisatie voor natuurbehoud
 	English: nature conservation organisation
 
 organisch afval
 	English: organic waste
 	English definition: Waste containing carbon compounds; derived from animal and plant materials. (Source: PUE)
 
 organisch gebonden koolstof
 	English: organic carbon
 	English definition: Carbon which comes from an animal or plant.  (Source: PHC)
 
 organisch gebonden stikstof
 	English: organic nitrogen
 	English definition: Essential nutrient of the food supply of plants and the diets of animals. Animals obtain it in nitrogen-containing compounds, particularly aminoacids. Although the atmosphere is nearly 80% gaseous nitrogen, very few organisms have the ability to use it in this form. The higher plants normally obtain it from the soil after microorganisms have converted the nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates, which they can then absorb. This conversion of nitrogen, known as nitrogen fixation, is essential for the formation of amino acids which, in turn, are the building blocks of proteins. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 organisch oplosmiddel
 	English: organic solvent
 	English definition: Organic materials, including diluents and thinners, which are liquids at standard conditions and which are used as dissolvers, viscosity reducers, or cleaning agents. (Source: LEE)
 
 organische chloorverbinding
 	English: organochlorine compound
 	English definition: Organic compounds containing a C-Cl bond. (Source: RRDA)
 
 organische fosforverbinding
 	English: organophosphorous compound
 	English definition: Pesticides that contain phosphorous; short-lived, but some can be toxic when first applied. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 organische halogeenverbinding
 	English: organohalogen compound
 	English definition: Organic compounds containing a C-halogen bond. (Source: RRDA)
 
 organische metaalverbinding
 	English: organometallic compound
 	English definition: Molecules containing carbon-metal linkage; a compound containing an alkyl or aryl radical bonded to a metal. (Source: MGH)
 
 organische scheikunde
 	English: organic chemistry
 	English definition: A branch of chemistry dealing with the study of composition, reaction, properties, etc. of organic compounds. (Source: LEE)
 
 organische silicoonverbinding
 	English: organosilicon compound
 	English definition: Any natural substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds and containing silicon, a non-metallic element often found in rocks or minerals. (Source: RHW)
 
 organische stikstofverbinding
 	English: organonitrogen compound
 	English definition: Organic compounds having a C-N bond. (Source: RRDA)
 
 organische stof
 	English: organic matter
 	English definition: Plant and animal residue that decomposes and becomes a part of the soil. (Source: KOREN)
 
 organische stoffen
 	English: organic substance
 	English definition: Chemical compounds, based on carbon chains or rings and also containing hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, or other elements. (Source: MGH)
 
 organische tinverbinding
 	English: organotin compound
 	English definition: Chemical compounds used in anti-foulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 organische vervuilende stof
 	English: organic pollutant
 	English definition: A plant- or animal-produced pollutant containing mainly carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (Source: ERG)
 
 organische vervuiling
 	English: organic pollution
 	English definition: Pollution caused by animal or plant material derived from living and dead organisms that may contain pathogenic bacteria and negatively influences the environment. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 organische zuurstofverbinding
 	English: organooxygen compound
 	English definition: Compounds, both aliphatic and aromatic, which have a C-O bond, including alcohols, aldehydes, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 organische zwavelverbinding
 	English: organosulphur compound
 	English definition: One of a group of substances which contain both carbon and sulfur. (Source: MGH)
 
 organisme in water
 	English: aquatic organism
 	English definition: Organisms which live in water. (Source: PHC)
 
 organisme waarvoor bestrijdingsmiddelen niet bedoeld zijn
 	English: non-target organism
 	English definition: A plant or animal other than the one against which the pesticide is applied. (Source: JJK)
 
 organismen (taxonomie)
 	English: organism
 	English definition: An individual constituted to carry out all life functions. (Source: MGH)
 
 organismen vrijlaten
 	English: release of organisms
 	English definition: The release of organisms in the environment creates the risk that once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. (Source: WPR)
 
 organoleptische eigenschappen
 	English: organoleptic property
 	English definition: Properties that can be perceived by sense organs. (Source: RRDA)
 
 orkaan
 	English: hurricane
 	English definition: A tropical cyclone of great intensity; any wind reaching a speed of more than 73 miles per hour (117 kilometers per hour) is said to have hurricane force. (Source: MGH)
 
 osmose
 	English: osmosis
 	English definition: The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane separating two solutions of different concentrations. A semipermeable membrane is one through which the molecules of a solvent can pass but the molecules of most solutes cannot. There is a thermodynamic tendency for solutions separated by such a membrane to become equal in concentration, the water (or other solvent) flowing from the weaker to the stronger solution. Osmosis will stop when the two solutions reach equal concentration, and can also be stopped by applying a pressure to the liquid on the stronger-solution side of the membrane. The pressure required to stop the flow from a pure solvent into a solution is a characteristic of the solution, and is called the osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure depends only on the concentration of particles in the solution, not on their nature. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 oud papier
 	English: waste paper
 	English definition: Newspapers, magazines, cartons and other paper separated from solid waste for the purpose of recycling.
 
 oud stort voor gevaarlijk afval
 	English: old hazardous site
 	English definition: Abandoned or disused dumps and refuse tips, stockpiles and landfill sites, disused petrol service stations, closed-down coking plants and former industrial and commercial premises, etc., from which considerable risks not only to the soil and to the groundwater, but also to humans and nature, can arise. (Source: AZENP)
 
 oude afzetting
 	English: old landfill site
 	English definition: Landfill that has been filled and covered with topsoil and seeded. The most common end use for landfills is open spaces with no active recreation taking place over the completed landfill. The obvious reason for this use is that the completed surface is steeply sloped to provide rapid runoff. Also, no irrigation of the cover grasses should be allowed. It is very unlikely to think that commercial or industrial buildings will be constructed on a completed landfill. If the end use is such that the public will be walking on the site, it is important that all manholes be properly secured, leachate lagoons fenced, and other potential hazards eliminated. (Source: CORBITa)
 
 oude banden
 	English: scrap tyre
 	English definition: Recyclable material from discarded motor vehicle tyres. (Source: APD)
 
 oude installatie
 	English: antiquated plant
 	English definition: Old installation that do not respond to new rules for the prevention of environmental pollution and whose redevelopment requires investments for adopting technologies related to the protection of waterways, waste management, noise reduction and emission control. (Source: RRDA)
 
 oudheid
 	English: ancient times
 
 oven
 	English: furnace
 	English definition: A structure or apparatus in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, often to warm houses, melt metals, produce steam and bake pottery. (Source: RHW)
 
 overbelasting
 	English: overburden
 	English definition: The material such as soil and rock lying above a mineral deposit that must be removed in order to work the deposit. (Source: GILP96)
 
 overbevissing
 	English: overfishing
 	English definition: Taking out of the sea more than natural population growth can sustain. Overfishing has a number of causes, the most ruthless being 'chronic over capacity' of modern fishing fleets to effectively take far more fish than can be replaced. (Source: WPR)
 
 overbevolking
 	English: overcrowding
 	English definition: An excess of people gathered together in a confined space. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 overbevolking
 	English: overpopulation
 	English definition: A population density that exceeds the capacity of the environment to supply the health requirements of the individual organism. (Source: LANDY)
 
 overbeweiding
 	English: overgrazing
 	English definition: Intensive grazing by animals, for example cattle, sheep or goats, on an area of pasture. It has become a serious threat to the world's rangelands and grasslands. Several factors have led to overgrazing, which leads to the soil being degraded and becoming liable to erosion by wind and rain, and even to desertification. The main pressures leading to widespread overgrazing have been the need to increase the size and numbers of herds to produce more food for an increasing human population, and the transformation of traditional pasture land into plantations to grow cash crops. Throughout the dry tropics, where traditionally herds ranged over vast areas, intensive livestock-rearing schemes have taken over, mostly to provide meat for the export market. Well-digging operations have also led to heavy concentrations of animals in small areas. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 overbrenging
 	English: transport (physics)
 	English definition: Transfer of mass, momentum, or energy in a system as a result of molecular agitation, including such properties as thermal conduction and viscosity. (Source: PITT)
 
 overeenkomst
 	English: contract
 	English definition: An agreement between two or more persons which creates an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. Its essential are competent parties, subject matter, a legal consideration, mutuality of agreement, and mutuality of obligation. (Source: WESTS)
 
 overeenkomst
 	English: convention
 	English definition: International agreement on a specific topic. (Source: RRDA)
 
 overeenkomst (administratieve)
 	English: agreement (administrative)
 	English definition: A coming together of minds; a coming together in opinion or determination; the coming together in accord of two minds on a given proposition. In law, a concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performances. The consent of two or more persons concerning respecting the transmission of some property, right, or benefits, with the view of contracting an obligation, a mutual obligation. The union of two or more minds in a thing done or to be done; a mutual assent to do a thing. (Source: WESTS)
 
 overeenkomst (contract)
 	English: agreement (contract)
 	English definition: An agreement, convention, or promise of two or more parties, by deed in writing, signed, and delivered, by which either of the parties pledges himself to the other that something is either done, or shall be done, or shall not be done, or stipulates for the truth of certain facts. (Source: WESTS)
 
 overeenkomst (wettige/wettelijke)
 	English: agreement (legal)
 	English definition: The coming together in accord of two minds on a given proposition. In law, a concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performances. The consent of two or more persons concerning respecting the transmission of some property, right, or benefits, with the view of contracting an obligation, a mutual obligation. (Source: WESTS)
 
 overexploitatie
 	English: overexploitation
 	English definition: The use of raw materials excessively without considering the long-term ecological impacts of such use. (Source: WPR)
 
 overgangselementen
 	English: transition element
 	English definition: One of a group of metallic elements in which the members have the filling of the outermost shell to 8 electrons interrupted to bring the penultimate shell from 8 to 18 or 32 electrons; includes elements 21 through 29 (scandium through copper), 39 through 47 (yttrium through silver), 57 through 79 (lanthanum through gold), and all known elements from 89 (actinium) on. (Source: MGH)
 
 overgangsregeling
 	English: transitional arrangement
 	English definition: Rules, guidelines or an agreement on the process of changing the administration, structure or constitution of a government or organization. (Source: RHW)
 
 overgebleven hoeveelheid water
 	English: residual amount of water
 	English definition: Amount of water left in a water course after it has fed a hydropower plant in order to maintain a satisfactory dry-weather-flow for allowing the survival of biotic communities. (Source: RRDA)
 
 overheid
 	English: administration
 
 overheid, beheer,beleid,politiek,instellingen,plan
 	English: administration, management, policy, politics, institutions, planning
 
 overheidsaansprakelijkheid
 	English: government liability
 	English definition: A public body's debt or other legal obligation arising out of transactions in the past which must be liquidated, renewed or refunded at some future date. (Source: EFP)
 
 overheidsadviesorgaan
 	English: government advisory body
 
 overheidsbeleid
 	English: government policy
 	English definition: Any course of action adopted and pursued by a ruling political authority or system, which determines the affairs for a nation, state or region. (Source: RHW)
 
 overheidscontract
 	English: government contracting
 
 overheidsfinancien
 	English: public finance
 	English definition: The theory and practice of governmental money matters, including taxation, spending, transfer and property incomes, borrowing, debt and revenue management. (Source: ODE)
 
 overheidsfinanciering
 	English: public financing
 	English definition: The act of obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a program, purchase or enterprise from the general population of a community or state, usually through government allocation of tax revenues. (Source: RHW)
 
 overheidsgebouw
 	English: government building
 	English definition: Building for the offices of the main departments of government. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 overheidsgebouw
 	English: ministry building
 	English definition: Any structure or edifice occupied by a body of top government administrators or other high ranking public officials selected or appointed by a head of state to manage certain aspects of a state's affairs. (Source: BLD)
 
 overheidsopdracht
 	English: public procurement
 	English definition: The governmental process of purchasing supplies, equipment and services, or purchasing contracts to secure the provision of supplies, equipment and services, which are often sold by the private sector. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 overheidsopracht
 	English: public contract
 	English definition: Any contract in which there are public funds provided though private persons may perform the contract and the subject of the contract may ultimately benefit private persons.
 
 overheidsschuld
 	English: public debt
 	English definition: The total amount of all government securities outstanding. This is also frequently termed government debt. (Source: AMOS2)
 
 overheidssteun
 	English: public aid
 	English definition: Government aid in the form of monies or food stamps to the poor, disabled, aged or to dependent children. (Source: RHW)
 
 overheidsuitgaven
 	English: public expenditure
 	English definition: Spending by national or local government, government-owned firms or quasi-autonomous non-government organizations. (Source: ODE)
 
 overleg
 	English: consultation
 	English definition: Any meeting or inquiry of concerned persons or advisors for the purpose of deliberation, discussion or decision on some matter or action. (Source: BLD)
 
 overleg over kernenergie
 	English: nuclear debate
 	English definition: The ongoing, public discussion and dispute over the uses of energy. (Source: ISEP /  MHD)
 
 overleving
 	English: survival
 	English definition: The act or fact of surviving or condition of having survived. (Source: CED)
 
 overloop
 	English: overflow (outlet)
 	English definition: Any device or structure that conducts excess water or sewage from a conduit or container. (Source: MGH)
 
 overmatige hoogte van schoorstenen
 	English: excessive height of chimney stacks
 
 overmatige planktongroei (zee)
 	English: green tide
 	English definition: A proliferation of a marine green plankton toxic and often fatal to fish, perhaps stimulated by the addition of nutrients. (Source: RRDA)
 
 overschot
 	English: surplus
 	English definition: The extent to which assets exceed liabilities, especially the profits remaining after operating expenses, taxes, interest and insurance costs are subtracted. (Source: IVW)
 
 oversteekplaats
 	English: crossing place
 	English definition: A place, often shown by markings, lights, or poles, where a street, railway, etc. may be crossed. (Source: CED)
 
 overstromen
 	English: overflow (process)
 
 overstroming
 	English: flood
 	English definition: An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. (Source: ALL)
 
 overstroming
 	English: flooding
 	English definition: A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. (Source: LANDY)
 
 overstromingsbeheersing
 	English: flood control
 	English definition: Measures taken to prevent or reduce harm caused by an unusual accumulation of water above the ground, often involving the construction of reservoirs and channeling structures. (Source: ALL /  WWC)
 
 overstromingsvoorspelling
 	English: flood forecast
 	English definition: The hydrological processes generating river floods have been studied extensively and several modelling concepts have been proposed. The standard procedure for flood forecasting consists of calibrating the parameters of the model of a particular river basin on a representative set of historical hydrometric data and subsequently applying this calibrated model in a real-time environment. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 overtreding
 	English: infraction
 	English definition: A breach, violation, or infringement; as of a law, a contract, a right or duty. (Source: BLACK)
 
 overwintering; laten overwinteren; overwinteren
 	English: overwintering
 	English definition: To spend winter in a particular place. (Source: CED)
 
 oxidatie
 	English: oxidation
 	English definition: A chemical reaction that increases the oxygen content of a compound. (Source: MGH)
 
 oxidatie-reductie
 	English: oxidation-reduction
 	English definition: An oxidizing chemical change, where an element's positive valence is increased (electron loss), accompanied by a simultaneous reduction of an associated element (electron gain). (Source: MGH)
 
 oxiden
 	English: oxide
 	English definition: Binary chemical compound in which oxygen is combined with a metal or nonmetal. (Source: MGH)
 
 oxydatiebed
 	English: bacterial bed
 	English definition: A device that removes some suspended solids from sewage. Air and bacteria decompose additional wastes filtering through the sand so that cleaner water drains from the bed. (Source: LEE)
 
 oxydeerbare stof
 	English: oxidisable material
 	English definition: Substance that can undergo a chemical reaction with oxygen. (Source: CEDa)
 
 oxyderende stof
 	English: oxidising agent
 	English definition: Compound that gives up oxygen easily, removes hydrogen from another compound, or attracts negative electrons. (Source: MGH)
 
 ozon
 	English: ozone
 	English definition: An allotropic form of oxygen containing three atoms in the molecule. It is a bluish gas, very active chemically, and a powerful oxidizing agent. Ozone is formed when oxygen or air is subjected to a silent electric discharge. It occurs in ordinary air in very small amounts only. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 ozonisatie
 	English: ozonisation
 	English definition: The process of treating, impregnating or combining with ozone. (Source: MGH)
 
 ozonlaag
 	English: ozone layer
 	English definition: The general stratum of the upper atmosphere in which there is an appreciable ozone concentration and in which ozone plays an important part in the radiative balance of the atmosphere. (Source: MGH)
 
 paaiplaats
 	English: spawning ground
 	English definition: Area of water where fish come each year to produce their eggs. (Source: PHC)
 
 paard
 	English: horse
 	English definition: A large animal with four legs which people ride on or use for carrying things or pulling vehicles. (Source: CAMB)
 
 paardachtigen
 	English: equine
 	English definition: Animals belonging to the family of Equidae. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 pad gevolgd door verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant pathway
 	English definition: The retraceable route of a pollutant, from its source, through its interactions with the environment, and finally to its effect upon a target ecosystem or target organisms. (Source: ISEP)
 
 padden
 	English: toad
 	English definition: Any anuran amphibian of the class Bufonidae, such as Bufo bufo of Europe. They are similar to frogs but are more terrestrial, having a drier warty skin. (Source: CED)
 
 paddestoel
 	English: fungus
 	English definition: Nucleated usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll. (Source: MGH)
 
 paddestoel
 	English: mushroom
 	English definition: A family of Basidiomycetes that are characterized by the production of spores on gills. (Source: ALL)
 
 pakijs
 	English: ice pack
 	English definition: Large areas of floating ice, usually occurring in polar seas, consisting of separate pieces that have become massed together. (Source: CED)
 
 paleo-ecologie
 	English: palaeoecology
 	English definition: The application of ecological concepts to fossil and sedimentary evidence to study the interactions of Earth surface, atmosphere, and biosphere in former times. (Source: ALL)
 
 paleoklimatologie
 	English: palaeoclimatology
 	English definition: The study of paleoclimates throughout geologic time, and of the causes of their variations, on either a local or a worldwide basis. It involves the interpretation of glacial deposits, fossils and sedimentologic and other types of data. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 paleontologie
 	English: palaeontology
 	English definition: The study of life in past geologic time, based on fossil plants and animals and including phylogeny, their relationship to existing plants, animals, and environments, and the chronology of the Earth's history. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 papier
 	English: paper
 	English definition: Felted or matted sheets of cellulose fibers, formed on a fine-wire screen from a dilute water suspension, and bonded together as the water is removed and the sheet is dried. (Source: MGH)
 
 papierindustrie
 	English: paper industry
 	English definition: Industrial production of paper: pulp is produced by mechanically or chemically processing wood or other vegetative materials to extract usable cellulosic fibers as an aqueous slurry. The pulp slurry may be used directly in paper making or it may be shipped elsewhere for processing into paper products. The fundamental industrial operations are divided into two major categories: pulp mill and paper mill. The pulp mill operation includes wood preparation, pulping, deinking, pulp washing, screening and thickening, and bleaching. The paper mill operations include stock preparation, paper machine operation and finishing. (Source: PZ)
 
 parameters
 	English: parameter
 	English definition: 1) A quantity in an equation which must be specified beside the independent variables to obtain the solution for the dependent variables. 2) A quantity which is constant under a given set of conditions, but may be different under other conditions. (Source: LEE /  MGH)
 
 parasiet
 	English: parasite
 	English definition: Organism which lives and obtains food at the expense of another organism, the host. (Source: ALL)
 
 parasitologie
 	English: parasitology
 	English definition: A branch of biology which deals with those organisms, plant or animal, which have become dependent on other living creatures. (Source: MGH)
 
 parkeerplaats; autoparkeerplaats
 	English: car park
 	English definition: Area of ground or a building where there is space for vehicles to be parked. (Source: CAMB)
 
 parkeervoorziening
 	English: parking provision
 	English definition: Area where a vehicle can be left for a period of time.  (Source: CAMBa)
 
 parlement
 	English: Parliament
 	English definition: An assembly of elected representatives, typically controlled by a political party and constituting the legislative and, in some cases, the executive power of a state. (Source: CIV / APS)
 
 parlementair debat
 	English: parliamentary debate
 	English definition: Formal discussion or dispute on a particular matter among the members of the parliament. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 parlementair verslag
 	English: parliamentary report
 	English definition: A written account describing in detail observations or the results of an inquiry into an event or situation and presented to an official, deliberative body with legislative powers. (Source: RHW)
 
 parlementslid
 	English: member of Parliament
 
 pasta-achtig afval
 	English: paste-like waste
 	English definition: Waste deriving from various activities having a pasty consistency. (Source: RRDA)
 
 pathogeen
 	English: pathogen
 	English definition: Any disease-producing agent or microorganism.
 
 pathogeen organisme
 	English: pathogenic organism
 	English definition: Agents producing or capable of producing disease. (Source: MGH)
 
 pathologie
 	English: pathology
 	English definition: The branch of medicine concerned with the causes, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease. (Source: CED)
 
 pathologisch effect
 	English: pathologic effect
 
 patrimoniaal beheer
 	English: patrimonial management
 	English definition: A type of leadership and management style attempting to gain the loyalty and support of subordinates by excessively providing for their needs and interests.
 
 patroonherkenning
 	English: pattern recognition
 	English definition: A remote sensing term referring to an automated process through which unidentified patterns can be classified into a limited number of discrete classes through comparison with other class-defining patterns or characteristics. Pattern recognition is an essential part of the classification of remotely sensed images and is used as an aid to image interpretation. (Source: WHIT)
 
 pedagogie
 	English: pedagogy
 	English definition: The principles, practice, or profession of teaching. (Source: CED)
 
 pedosfeer
 	English: pedosphere
 	English definition: That shell or layer of the Earth in which soil-forming processes occur. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 peil plantegroei
 	English: vegetation level
 	English definition: A subdivision of vegetation characteristic of a certain altitude above sea level at a given latitude. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 pelsdier
 	English: fur animal
 	English definition: Animals bred and slaughtered for their fur. (Source: WPR)
 
 pendelen
 	English: commuting
 
 pendelen buiten de spits
 	English: off-peak commuting
 	English definition: Traveling back and forth regularly over some distance, outside of the hours of maximum traffic frequency. (Source: RHW)
 
 penitentiair recht
 	English: law relating to prisons
 	English definition: Binding rules and regulations pertaining to the construction, use and operation of jails, penitentiaries and other places of legal confinement and punishment. (Source: BLD)
 
 pentachloorfenol
 	English: pentachlorophenol
 	English definition: One of the universally toxic phenolic compounds, is a general purpose agent that is used as a fungicide, herbicide and molluscicide, particularly in Egypt where it is used to control snails that carry the larval human blood flukes that cause schistosomiasis. It is also used in wood preservatives and is very poisonous. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 perchooretheen
 	English: perchloroethylene
 	English definition: Stable, colorless liquid, nonflammable and nonexplosive, with low toxicity; used as a dry-cleaning and industrial solvent, in pharmaceuticals and medicines, and for metal cleaning. (Source: MGH)
 
 percolatiewater
 	English: percolating water
 	English definition: Subsurface water that passes, under the force of gravity, through rocks or soil along the line of least resistance. (Source: WWC)
 
 periode van hoogconjunctuur in de olie-industrie
 	English: oil boom
 	English definition: A floating device used to contain oil on a body of water. Once the boom has been inflated, it is towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. (Source: EPAGLO /  GILP)
 
 periphyton
 	English: periphyton
 	English definition: A plant or animal organism which is attached or clings to surfaces of leaves or stems of rooted plants above the bottom stratum. (Source: MGH)
 
 permanente ijslaag
 	English: permafrost ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the subsoil is perennially frozen. (Source: TOE / DOE)
 
 peroxyacetylnitraat
 	English: peroxyacetylnitrate
 	English definition: A pollutant created by the action of sunlight on hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in the air. An ingredient of smog. (Source: LANDY)
 
 pers
 	English: press
 	English definition: Printed matter as a whole, especially newspapers and periodicals.
 
 persen
 	English: pressing
 	English definition: The application of a pressure to squeeze out the juice or contents of a fruit, seed, etc. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 persmededeling
 	English: press release
 	English definition: An official statement or announcement distributed to members of the media by a public relations firm, government agency or some other organization, often to supplement or replace an oral presentation. (Source: WOR)
 
 personeel
 	English: personnel
 
 personenvervoer
 	English: passenger transport
 	English definition: The conveyance of people over land, water or through air by automobile, bus, train, airplane or some other means of travel. (Source: RHW)
 
 personenvervoer
 	English: private transport
 	English definition: Transport performed with private means. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 personenwagen
 	English: private car
 	English definition: Transportation mean belonging to an individual person. (Source: RRDA)
 
 persoonlijke verantwoordelijkheid
 	English: personal responsibility
 
 pest
 	English: pest
 	English definition: Any organism that damages crops, injures or irritates livestock or man, or reduces the fertility of land. (Source: CED)
 
 petrochemisch
 	English: petrochemical
 	English definition: Chemicals manufactured from the products of oil refineries, based largely on ethylene, propylene and butylene produced in the cracking of petrol fractions. (Source: GILP96)
 
 petrochemische industrie
 	English: petrochemical industry
 	English definition: The production of materials derived from petroleum or natural gas. (Source: MGH)
 
 pijp
 	English: pipe
 	English definition: A tube made of metal, clay, plastic, wood, or concrete and used to conduct a fluid, gas, or finely divided solid. (Source: MGH)
 
 plaag
 	English: pest infestation
 	English definition: 1) The occurrence of one or more pest species in an area or location where their numbers and impact are currently or potentially at intolerable levels. 2) A sudden increase in destructiveness or population numbers of a pest species in a given area. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 plaats waar milieuverontreiniging in de bodem doordringt
 	English: pollution sink
 	English definition: Vehicle for removal of a chemical or gas from the atmosphere-biosphere-ocean system, in which the substance is absorbed into a permanent or semi-permanent repository, or else transformed into another substance. A carbon sink, for example, might be the ocean (which absorbs and holds carbon from other parts of carbon cycle) or photosynthesis (which converts atmospheric carbon into plant material). Sinks are a fundamental factor in the ongoing balance which determines the concentration of every greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. If the sink is greater than the sources of a gas, its concentration in the atmosphere will decrease; if the source is greater than the sink, the concentration will increase. (Source: GLOCHA)
 
 plaatsbescherming
 	English: site protection
 	English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of a physical area or location. (Source: RHW)
 
 plaatselijk openbaar vervoer
 	English: local passenger service
 	English definition: Passenger transport system for a limited local area. (Source: RRDA)
 
 plaatselijk verkeer
 	English: local traffic
 	English definition: Traffic moving within a city, town, or area and subject to frequent stops, as distinguished from long distance traffic.
 
 plaatselijke bosaanplanting
 	English: local afforestation
 	English definition: The planting of trees in an area, or the management of an area to allow trees to regenerate or colonize naturally, in order to produce a forest. (Source: ALL)
 
 plaatselijke bouwmaterialen
 	English: local building material
 
 plaatselijke financien
 	English: local finance
 	English definition: The theory and practice of all public money matters pertaining to city, town or small district governments. (Source: ODE / RHW)
 
 plaatselijke ontwikkeling
 	English: local development
 	English definition: A stage of growth or advancement in any aspect of a community that is defined by or restricted to a particular and usually small district or area. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
 
 plaatselijke overheid
 	English: local government
 	English definition: An administrative body or system in which political direction and control is exercised over the community of a city, town or small district. (Source: RHW)
 
 plaatselijke vrijetijdsbesteding
 	English: local recreation
 	English definition: A pastime, diversion, exercise or other means of enjoyment and relaxation that is carried out in a particular city, town or small district. (Source: RHW)
 
 plaatselijke warmtevoorziening
 	English: local heat supply
 	English definition: The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a specific local community. (Source: ISEP)
 
 plaatsherstel
 	English: site rehabilitation
 	English definition: The restoration of the ecological quality of an area or location. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 plaatskeuze
 	English: site selection
 	English definition: The process of choosing or picking a location or area for some designated purpose. (Source: RHW)
 
 plan
 	English: plan
 	English definition: A scheme of action, a method of proceeding thought out in advance. (Source: GOOD)
 
 plan met betrekking tot blootstelling aan lawaai
 	English: noise exposure plan
 	English definition: A formulated or systematic method to prevent the effects of being subjected to loud or harsh sounds. (Source: OED)
 
 plankton
 	English: plankton
 	English definition: Small organisms (animals, plants, or microbes) passively floating in water. (Source: LANDY)
 
 planning
 	English: planning
 	English definition: The act of making a detailed scheme for attaining an objective. (Source: CED)
 
 planning van de kustzone
 	English: coastal zone planning
 	English definition: The objective of coastal management and planning is the preservation of coastal resources whilst simultaneously satisfying the sometimes conflicting interests and requirements of protection, development, usage and conservation. (Source: TELFO)
 
 plannings- en begrotings systeem
 	English: Planning-Programming-Budgeting System
 	English definition: A system to achieve long-term goals or objectives by means of analysis and evaluation of the alternatives. PPB is designed to solve problems by finding the most effective and most efficient solution on the basis of objective criteria. (Source: GREENW)
 
 planologische maatregel
 	English: planning measure
 	English definition: A procedure or course of action taken to design, organize or prepare for the future. (Source: RHW)
 
 plantaardig afval
 	English: vegetable waste
 	English definition: Waste, comprised mainly of vegetable matter, which is capable of being decomposed by microorganisms. (Source: BHE)
 
 plantaardige hulpbronnen
 	English: plant resource
 
 plantaardige olie
 	English: vegetable oil
 	English definition: An edible, mixed glyceride oil derived from plants (fruit, leaves, and seeds), including cottonseed, linseed, tung, and peanut; used in food oils, shortenings, soaps, and medicine, and as a paint drying oil. (Source: MGH)
 
 plantaardige textielvezels
 	English: plant textile fibre
 	English definition: Natural textile fibres of vegetal origin. (Source: RRDA)
 
 plantegroei
 	English: vegetation
 	English definition: 1) The plants of an area considered in general or as communities, but not taxonomically; the total plant cover in a particular area or on the Earth as a whole. 2) The total mass of plant life that occupies a given area. (Source: ALL /  MGH)
 
 planten
 	English: planting
 	English definition: The establishment of trees by planting seedlings, transplants, or cuttings. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 planten
 	English: plant (biology)
 	English definition: Any living organism that typically synthesizes its food from inorganic substances, possesses cellulose cell walls, responds slowly and often permanently to a stimulus, lacks specialized sense organs and nervous system, and has no powers of locomotion. (Source: CED)
 
 plantendeel
 	English: plant component
 	English definition: The constituent parts of a plant. (Source: CEDa)
 
 plantendek
 	English: vegetation cover
 	English definition: Number of plants growing on a certain area of land. (Source: PHC)
 
 plantenecologie
 	English: plant ecology
 	English definition: Study of the relationships between plants and their environment. (Source: LBC)
 
 plantenencyclopedie
 	English: flora (document)
 	English definition: A work systematically describing the flora of a particular region, listed by species and considered as a whole. (Source: RHW)
 
 planteneter
 	English: herbivore
 	English definition: An animal that feeds on grass and other plants. (Source: CED)
 
 plantenfysiologie
 	English: plant physiology
 	English definition: The study of the function and chemical reactions within the various organs of plants. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 plantengemeenschap
 	English: plant community
 	English definition: Any group of plants belonging to a number of different species that co-occur in the same habitat or area and interact through trophic and spatial relationships; typically characterized by reference to one or more dominant species. (Source: ALL2)
 
 plantengenetica
 	English: plant genetics
 	English definition: The scientific study of the hereditary material of plants for purposes such as hybridization, improved food resources and increased production. (Source: EEN)
 
 plantenkunde
 	English: plant biology
 	English definition: The scientific study of the natural processes of plants. (Source: CAMBa)
 
 plantenleven
 	English: plant life
 
 plantenopbrengst
 	English: plant production
 
 plantenselectie
 	English: plant selection
 	English definition: The selection by man of particular genotypes in a plant population because they exhibit desired phenotypic characters. (Source: LBC)
 
 plantensociologie
 	English: phytosociology
 	English definition: The study of vegetation, including the organization, interdependence, development, geographical distribution and classification of plant communities. (Source: LBC)
 
 plantensoorten
 	English: plant species
 	English definition: Species belonging to the plant kingdom. (Source: RRDA)
 
 plantenstand
 	English: plant population
 	English definition: The number of plants in an area. (Source: PHC)
 
 plantentuin
 	English: nursery garden
 
 plantenveredeling
 	English: plant breeding
 	English definition: Raising a certain type of plant by crossing one variety with another to produce a new variety where the desired characteristics are strongest. (Source: PHC)
 
 plantenziektekunde
 	English: phytopathology
 	English definition: The study of plant diseases and their control. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 planteziekte
 	English: plant disease
 
 plantkunde
 	English: botany
 	English definition: A branch of the biological sciences which embraces the study of plants and plant life. (Source: MGH)
 
 plasma technologie
 	English: plasma technology
 	English definition: 1) Common name for a number of industrial applications of plasma, such as: etching of semiconductor chips, deposition of silicon for solar cell production, deposition of silicon dioxide for passivation of surfaces, activation of surfaces, melting and welding with plasma arcs as well as plasma chemistry. 2) Plasma technology consists of minute gas-filled cells, which emit light when an electric current is channelled through them. (Source: IEAP /  Z2Z)
 
 plastic
 	English: plastic
 	English definition: A polymeric material (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow; usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material); examples are polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and urea-formaldehyde. (Source: MGH)
 
 plasticafval
 	English: plastic waste
 	English definition: Any discarded plastic (organic, or synthetic, material derived from polymers, resins or cellulose) generated by any industrial process, or by consumers. (Source: APD)
 
 platina
 	English: platinum
 	English definition: A ductile malleable silvery-white metallic element very resistant to heat and chemicals. It occurs free and in association with other platinum metals, especially in osmiridium; used in jewellery, laboratory apparatus, electrical contacts, dentistry, electroplating, and as a catalyst. (Source: CED)
 
 platteland
 	English: rural area
 	English definition: Area outside the limits of any incorporated or unincorporated city, town, village, or any other designated residential or commercial area such as a subdivision, a business or shopping center, or community development. (Source: LEE)
 
 plattelandsarchitectuur
 	English: rural architecture
 
 plattelandsbeheer en planning
 	English: rural management and planning
 	English definition: The activity or process of overseeing and preparing for the future physical arrangement and condition of any agricultural or pastoral area, which may involve protecting and developing natural and human resources that affect an area's economic vitality. (Source: RHW / NPH)
 
 plattelandsbevolking
 	English: rural population
 	English definition: The total number of persons inhabiting an agricultural or pastoral region. (Source: RHW)
 
 plattelandsomgeving
 	English: rural environment
 	English definition: Environment pertaining to the countryside. (Source: GOOD)
 
 plattelandsontwikkeling
 	English: rural development
 	English definition: Any course destined to promote economic growth, modernization, increase in agricultural production and the creation of a framework in which to fulfill primary needs, such as education, health and supply of water in the rural areas. The attainment of such objectives depends in general on the type of administrative systems proposed for the various programmes and on the national political situation as regards, for instance land tenure, agrarian reform, the disbursement of assistance and food policy. (Source: GREMES)
 
 plattelandsrecht
 	English: rural law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government pertaining to matters of importance to residents of sparsely populated regions, especially agricultural and other economic issues. (Source: RUR)
 
 plattelandswatervoorziening
 	English: rural water supply
 
 plechtige verklaring (eed)
 	English: statutory declaration
 	English definition: A declaration made in a prescribed form before a justice of the peace, notary public, or other person authorized to administer an oath. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 plein
 	English: square
 	English definition: An open area in a town, sometimes including the surrounding buildings. (Source: CED)
 
 pleziervaart
 	English: pleasure cruising
 	English definition: The activity of rowing, sailing or using a boat over a particular region of water, for amusement or enjoyment. (Source: RHW)
 
 pluimvee
 	English: poultry
 	English definition: Domesticated fowl grown for their meat and eggs. (Source: MGH)
 
 pluimveefokkerij
 	English: poultry farming
 	English definition: One of the commonest of agricultural occupations. Many urban households and many farms maintain some chickens for both meat and eggs. (Source: LOGIE)
 
 plutonium
 	English: plutonium
 	English definition: A highly toxic metallic transuranic element. It occurs in trace amounts in uranium ores and is produced in a nuclear reactor by neutron bombardment of uranium-238. The most stable and important isotope, plutonium-239, readily undergoes fission and is used as a reactor fuel in nuclear power stations and in nuclear weapons. (Source: CED)
 
 polaire ecosystemen
 	English: polar ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting systems of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings located in the regions where the air temperature is perennially below 10deg Celsius, usually at and near the North and South Poles. (Source: TOE / DOE / EOC)
 
 polder
 	English: polder
 	English definition: A generally fertile tract of flat, low-lying land (as in Netherlands and Belgium) reclaimed and protected from the sea, a lake, a river, or other body of water by the use of embankments, dikes, dams, or levees. The term is usually reserved for coastal areas that are at or below sea level and that are constantly protected by an organized system of maintenance and defense. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 politie
 	English: police
 	English definition: Branch of the government which is charged with the preservation of public order, the promotion of public health and safety, and the prevention, detection, and punishment of crimes.
 
 politiek
 	English: politics
 	English definition: The theory and practice of acquiring and exercising the power to govern in a society in order to arbitrate values, allocate resources and establish and enforce rules. (Source: APS)
 
 politiek van een grondgebied
 	English: territorial policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which determines the present and future use of each parcel of land in an area. (Source: DOE)
 
 politieke doctrine
 	English: political doctrine
 	English definition: A policy, position or principle advocated, taught or put into effect concerning the acquisition and exercise of the power to govern or administrate in society. (Source: RHW)
 
 politieke ecologie
 	English: political ecology
 
 politieke geografie
 	English: political geography
 	English definition: The study of the effects of political actions on human geography, involving the spatial analysis of political phenomena. (Source: GOOD)
 
 politieke ideologie
 	English: political ideology
 	English definition: A belief system that explains and justifies a preferred economic and governmental order for society, offers strategies for its maintenance or attainment and helps give meaning to public events, personalities and policies. (Source: APS)
 
 politieke macht
 	English: political power
 	English definition: The might, ability or authority of governments, citizens groups and other interested parties in enacting change or in influencing or controlling the outcome of governmental or public policies affecting a nation, region or municipality. (Source: BLD)
 
 politieke organisatie
 	English: political organisation
 	English definition: A group of persons organized to seek or exercise power in governmental or public affairs, by supporting candidates for office or by lobbying for action and mobilizing support for bills or governmental policies. (Source: CIV / BLD)
 
 politieke partij
 	English: political party
 	English definition: An organized group that has as its fundamental aim the attainment of political power and public office for its designated leaders. Usually, apolitical party will advertise a common commitment by its leaders and its membership to a set of political, social, economic and/or cultural values. (Source: DUC)
 
 politieke raadgeving
 	English: political counselling
 
 politiemacht
 	English: police power
 
 politieverordening
 	English: police law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the employment and tactics of police or other civil agents organized to maintain order, prevent and detect crimes and promote obedience to civil regulations and authority. (Source: RHW)
 
 polybroombifenyl
 	English: polybrominated biphenyl
 	English definition: A chemical substance the composition of which, without regard to impurities, consists of brominated biphenyl molecules. (Source: KOREN)
 
 polychloorbifenyl
 	English: polychlorinated biphenyl
 	English definition: PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. (Source: PZ /  PHC)
 
 polychloordibenzofuraan
 	English: polychlorinated dibenzofuran
 	English definition: A family containing 135 individual, colorless compounds known as congeners with varying harmful health and environmental effects. They are produced as unwanted compounds during the manufacture of several chemicals and consumer products such as wood treatment chemicals, some metals, and paper products; also produced from the burning of municipal and industrial waste in incinerators, from exhaust of leaded gasoline, heat, or production of electricity. They are hazardous to the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, liver, musculoskeletal system, skin and nervous system; and are toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and contact. Symptoms of exposure include frequent coughing, severe respiratory infections, chronic bronchitis, abdominal pain, muscle pain, acne rashes, skin color changes, unexpected weight loss, nonmalignant or malignant liver disease. (Source: KOREN)
 
 polychloordibenzo-p-dioxine
 	English: polychlordibenzo-p-dioxin
 	English definition: PCDD are formed (along with variants including furans) when compounds containing chlorine are burnt at low temperature in improperly operated/designed domestic refuse and industrial waste incinerators where PCDDs can be found in both the flue gases and the fly ash. (Source: PORT)
 
 polychloorterfenyl
 	English: polychlorinated terphenyl
 	English definition: Compounds consisting of three benzene rings linked to each other in either ortho, meta or para positions and substituted with chlorine atoms. (Source: RRDA)
 
 polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstof
 	English: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
 	English definition: Hydrocarbons containing two or more closed rings of atoms. (Source: CED)
 
 polycyclische koolwaterstof
 	English: polycyclic hydrocarbon
 	English definition: Hydrocarbon molecule with two or more nuclei; examples are naphtalene, with two benzene rings side by side, or diphenyl, with two bond-connected benzene rings. Also known as polynuclear hydrocarbon. (Source: MGH)
 
 polyethyleentereftalaat
 	English: polyethylene terephtalate
 	English definition: 1) A thermoplastic polyester resin made from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid; melts at 265degC; used to make films or fibers.2) Type of plastic used to make artificial fibres and plastic bottles, which can be recycled. (Source: MGH /  PHC)
 
 polymeer
 	English: polymer
 	English definition: Substance made of giant molecules formed by the union of simple molecules (monomers). (Source: MGH)
 
 polymerisatie
 	English: polymerisation
 	English definition: 1) The bonding of two or more monomers to produce a polymer. 2) Any chemical reaction that produces such a bonding. (Source: MGH)
 
 polyvinylchloride
 	English: polyvinyl chloride
 	English definition: Polymer of vinyl chloride; tasteless, odourless; insoluble in most organic solvents; a member of the family of vinyl resins. (Source: MGH)
 
 pomp
 	English: pump
 	English definition: A machine that draws a fluid into itself through an entrance port and forces the fluid out through an exhaust port. (Source: MGH)
 
 pompen
 	English: pumping
 	English definition: The removal of gases and vapors from a vacuum system. (Source: MGH)
 
 poolgebied
 	English: polar region
 	English definition: Area relating to the earth's poles or the area inside the Arctic or Antarctic Circles. (Source: CED)
 
 populatie (ecologisch)
 	English: population (ecological)
 	English definition: A group of organisms of one species, occupying a defined area. (Source: LBC)
 
 populatie-ecologie
 	English: population ecology
 	English definition: The study of the interaction of a particular species or genus population with its environment. (Source: ALL2)
 
 populatiestatistieken over in het wild levende planten en dieren
 	English: wildlife population statistics
 	English definition: The numerical facts or data collected through various methodologies, such as sighting surveys, which represent or estimate the size of any wildlife species for purposes such as analyzing population trends. (Source: RHW / EEN)
 
 posidonia  (soort schaaldier)
 	English: posidonia
 	English definition: Plant with elongated, planar, green leaves which measure up to 1,5 m. The flowers come out in the autumn but not every year. The fruits are dark balls, which one often finds washed up on beaches after storms. The same happens with the leaves which wilt and separate from the plant at the end of summer. It grows on sandy substrates, and has a rhizome from which several plants grow. The compact form of its growths retains the sediments pulled by the currents along the sea bed. Neptunegrass forms extensive prairies, always on the continental shelf. The plant's presence, apart from constituting an excellent refuge and food reserve for many species, gives an indication of the maturity and good condition of the whole marine ecosystem. (Source: DDGI)
 
 potas
 	English: potash
 	English definition: Any of several compounds containing potassium, especially soluble compounds such as potassium oxide, potassium chloride, and various potassium sulfates, used chiefly in fertilizers. (Source: AMHER)
 
 prehistorie
 	English: prehistory
 	English definition: Human history in the period before recorded events, known mainly through archaeological discoveries.
 
 pretpark
 	English: amusement park
 	English definition: An open-air entertainment area consisting of stalls, side shows etc. (Source: CED)
 
 preventieve informatie
 	English: preventive information
 	English definition: Data communicated or received concerning the recommended means of averting risk of an accident, disaster or other undesirable and avoidable incident. (Source: RHW)
 
 preventieve maatregel op het gebied van de gezondheid
 	English: preventive health measure
 
 prijs
 	English: price
 	English definition: The amount of money paid per unit for a good or service. (Source: ODE)
 
 prijsbeleid
 	English: prices policy
 	English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy, or course of action for decisions regarding the monetary rate or value for goods and services. (Source: RHW)
 
 prijzenbeleid inzake grondstoffen
 	English: pricing policy of resources
 	English definition: The guiding procedure or philosophy for decisions regarding the monetary rate or value of a country or region's resources, including natural resources, human resources and capital, or man-made goods. (Source: RHW / ODE)
 
 prikbordsysteem
 	English: bulletin board system
 	English definition: An assemblage of computer hardware and software that can be linked by computer modem dialing for the purpose of sharing or exchanging messages or other files. (Source: WIC)
 
 primair energieverbruik
 	English: primary energy consumption
 	English definition: Consumption of energy used in the same form as in its naturally occurring state, for example crude oil, coal, natural gas, e.g. before it is converted into electricity. (Source: BRACK)
 
 primair onderwijs
 	English: primary education
 	English definition: The first five or six years of instruction in elementary schools. (Source: COE)
 
 primaire behandeling
 	English: primary treatment
 	English definition: Removal of floating solids and suspended solids, both fine and coarse, from raw sewage. (Source: MGH)
 
 primaire sector
 	English: primary sector
 	English definition: That part of a country's or region's economy that makes direct use of natural resources, including agriculture, forestry, fishing and the fuel, metal and mining industries. (Source: ODE)
 
 primaten
 	English: primate
 	English definition: Order of mammals containing monkeys, apes, and human beings. (Source: PHC)
 
 prioriteit op milieugebied
 	English: environmental priority
 
 privaat bos
 	English: private forest
 
 privaat domein
 	English: private domain
 	English definition: Generally, land and water owned by individuals or corporations as opposed to the state; in French civil law, any government property capable of being owned by non-public entities, which cannot be seized and which is restricted to the stipulated ownership and use. (Source: BLD / ADM)
 
 privaatrecht
 	English: private law
 	English definition: The branch of law dealing with such aspects of relationships between individuals that are of no direct concern to the state. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 private sector
 	English: private sector
 	English definition: Segment of the economy not run by government, including households, sole traders, partnerships and companies. (Source: ODE)
 
 privatisering
 	English: privatisation
 	English definition: The transfer of ownership or control of  a government enterprise or other governmental property to a non-public, non-official company, organization or individual, either through sale or through the establishment of a special enterprise outside direct government control. (Source: RHW)
 
 Procaryota
 	English: procaryote
 	English definition: Organisms (i.e. prokaryotes) whose genetic material (filaments of DNA) is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane, and that do not possess mitochondria or plastids. Bacteria and cyanophyta are the only prokaryotic organisms. (Source: ALL)
 
 procedure
 	English: procedure
 	English definition: A prescribed step or manner of proceeding in any action or process. (Source: RHW)
 
 procedure bij het verstrekken van vergunningen
 	English: licencing procedure
 	English definition: Procedures performed by administrative agencies in conjunction with issuance of various types of licences. (Source: BLACK)
 
 procesanalyse
 	English: process analysis
 
 procesrecht
 	English: procedural law
 	English definition: Law which prescribes method of enforcing rights or obtaining redress for their invasion. Laws which fix duties, establish rights and responsibilities among and for persons, natural or otherwise, are 'substantive laws' in character, while those which merely prescribe the manner in which such rights and responsibilities may be exercised and enforced in a court are 'procedural laws'. (Source: BLACK)
 
 procestechnologie
 	English: mechanical engineering
 	English definition: The branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and operation of machines. (Source: CED)
 
 procestechnologie
 	English: process technology
 	English definition: Any technical strategies, methods or tools used for the conception, design, development or implementation of any system. (Source: APD / SCP)
 
 procesvoering
 	English: litigation
 	English definition: A judicial contest, a judicial controversy, a suit at law. (Source: BLACK)
 
 proceswater
 	English: process water
 	English definition: Water used in a manufacturing or treatment process or in the actual product manufactured. Examples would include water used for washing, rinsing, direct contact, cooling, solution make-up, chemical reactions, and gas scrubbing in industrial and food processing applications. In many cases, water is specifically treated to produce the quality of water needed for the process. (Source: WQA)
 
 productaansprakelijkheid
 	English: product liability
 	English definition: 1) The legal liability of manufacturers and sellers to compensate buyers, users, and even bystanders, for damages or injuries suffered because of defects in goods purchased.2) A tort which makes a manufacturer liable if his product has a defective condition that makes it unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer. (Source: BLACK)
 
 producten
 	English: product
 	English definition: Something produced by human or mechanical effort or by a natural process. (Source: AMHER)
 
 producten, materialen
 	English: products, materials
 
 productevaluatie
 	English: product evaluation
 
 productidentificatie
 	English: product identification
 	English definition: Attaching a notice to a product or container bearing information concerning its contents, proper use, manufacturer and any cautions or hazards of use. (Source: KOREN)
 
 productie
 	English: production
 	English definition: The use of resources to make or manufacture goods or services that have exchange value. (Source: ODE)
 
 productiebeleid
 	English: production policy
 	English definition: Measures and activities promoted by governments aiming at the structural definition of the productive apparatus. (Source: NDGIUR)
 
 productiebeperking
 	English: restriction of production
 	English definition: Any decision, action or policy which limits or constrains the making of valued goods or services. (Source: ODE)
 
 productiviteit
 	English: productivity
 	English definition: The amount of output or yield per unit of input or expenditure achieved by a company, industry or country. (Source: ODE)
 
 productiviteitstrend
 	English: productivity trend
 	English definition: The general direction or tendency in the measurement of the production of goods and services having exchange value. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 productreklame
 	English: product advertising
 	English definition: The creation and dissemination of paid announcements or public notices to draw attention to goods, services or events offered by some entity, usually for purchase. (Source: RHW)
 
 productstandaard
 	English: product standard
 	English definition: A standard which prescribes aspects of the physical or chemical composition of products which have potential for causing environmental damage or the handling, presentation and packaging of products, particularly those which are toxic. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 productvergelijking
 	English: product comparison
 	English definition: Comparison of products or processes to identify those having reduced environmental impacts. (Source: DIZAMBa)
 
 productvoorlichting
 	English: product information
 	English definition: Factual, circumstantial and, often, comparative knowledge concerning various goods, services or events, their quality and the entities producing them. (Source: RHW)
 
 proefdier
 	English: test animal
 	English definition: Animals on which experiments are conducted in order to provide evidence for or against a scientific hypothesis, or to prove the efficacy of drugs or the reaction to certain products. (Source: CEDa)
 
 proefhoofd
 	English: impactor
 	English definition: Instrument which samples atmospheric suspensoids by impaction; such instruments consist of a housing which constrains the air flow past a sensitized sampling plate. (Source: MGH)
 
 proefinstallatie
 	English: pilot plant
 	English definition: A small version of a planned industrial plant, built to gain experience in operating the final plant. (Source: MGH)
 
 proefproject
 	English: pilot project
 	English definition: A small scale experiment or set of observations undertaken to decide how and whether to launch a full-scale project. (Source: CED)
 
 proefschrift
 	English: thesis
 	English definition: A dissertation on a particular subject, in which original research has been done, usually by a candidate for a diploma or degree, or a proposition put forward for consideration, to be discussed and proved or maintained against objections. (Source: RHW)
 
 programma
 	English: programme
 
 programma voor het behoud van soorten
 	English: species conservation programme
 	English definition: An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to preserve and protect living organisms designated as being at risk. (Source: RHW / TOE)
 
 programma's
 	English: programmes
 
 programmering
 	English: programming
 	English definition: Preparing a detailed sequence of operating instructions for a particular problem to be run on a digital computer. (Source: MGH)
 
 proteinerijk voedsel
 	English: high protein food
 
 protocol
 	English: protocol
 	English definition: 1) The original draft of a document.2) An international agreement of a less formal nature than a treaty. It is often used to amend treaties. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 Protocol van Geneve
 	English: Geneva Protocol
 	English definition: Protocol of Geneva Convention concerning the control of emissions of nitrogen oxides and the reduction of sulphur emissions or their transboundary fluxes by at least 30%. (Source: UNTERM)
 
 Protocol van Montreal
 	English: Montreal Protocol
 	English definition: An international agreement reached in 1988 by over 30 countries, aimed at protecting the ozone layer by controlling the emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. Under the agreement, initiated by UNEP, CFC consumption is to be progressively reduced worldwide, being phased out completely by 1996. The consumption of halons was not to be allowed to increase above the levels of 1988. The protocol followed the Convention for the protection of the ozone layer (the Vienna convention) adopted in 1985. By the mid-1990s, the Third World continued to provide a substantial market for ozone-damaging chemicals made, but not sold, elsewhere. (Source: GILP96)
 
 protozoa
 	English: protozoan
 	English definition: A diverse phylum of eukaryotic microorganisms; the structure varies from a simple uninucleate protoplast to colonial forms, the body is either naked or covered by a test, locomotion is by means of pseudopodia or cilia or flagella, there is a tendency toward universal symmetry in floating species and radial symmetry in sessile types, and nutrition may be phagotrophic or autotrophic or saprozoic. (Source: MGH)
 
 provinciaal gezag
 	English: provincial/regional authority (D)
 	English definition: The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific political subdivision or geographical area within the state. (Source: BLD)
 
 provinciale wetgeving
 	English: provincial/regional law (D)
 
 provincie
 	English: county
 	English definition: An area comprising more than one city and whose boundaries have been designed according to some biological, political, administrative, economic, demographic criteria. (Source: LANDYa)
 
 provincie
 	English: province
 	English definition: A geographic area of some considerable extent, smaller than a continent but larger than a region, which is unified by some or all of its characteristics and which can therefore be studied as a whole. A faunal province, for example, has a particular assemblage of animal species, which differs from assemblages in different contemporaneous environments elsewhere. (Source: WHIT)
 
 psychisch effect
 	English: psychic effect
 	English definition: A result or consequence stemming from mental processes that create or influence human consciousness and emotions. (Source: RHW / SMD)
 
 psychologie
 	English: psychology
 	English definition: The science that deals with the functions of the mind and the behaviour of an organism in relation to its environment. (Source: MGH)
 
 psychologisch effect
 	English: mental effect
 
 psychologisch effect
 	English: psychological effect
 
 psychologische stress
 	English: psychological stress
 	English definition: Strain or disequilibrium of the mind especially in its affective or cognitive functions, or the physical or mental stimulus, agent or experience that causes such an imbalance. (Source: SMD / MED)
 
 psychosomatische klachten
 	English: psychosomatic illness
 	English definition: Illness arising from or aggravated by a mind-body relationship. (Source: GILP96)
 
 public relations
 	English: public relations
 	English definition: The methods and activities employed by an individual, organization, corporation, or government to promote a favourable relationship with the public.
 
 publiek toegang tot terreinen
 	English: public access to land
 	English definition: The right or permission for all persons of a community to use government owned geographic areas such as parks, campgrounds and historical sites. (Source: RHW)
 
 publieke actie
 	English: public action
 	English definition: A measure or provision taken on behalf and with the consent of the general populace. (Source: RHW)
 
 publieke opinie
 	English: public opinion
 	English definition: The purported, collective view of the public on some issue or problem, typically formulated by selective polling or sampling, and frequently used as a guide to action or decision. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
 
 publieke opkomst
 	English: public attendance
 
 publiek-private samenwerking
 	English: public-private partnership
 	English definition: A joint venture between corporations and government or between community members and government or business beyond the course of normal interaction. (Source: NTL)
 
 publiekrecht
 	English: public law
 	English definition: A general classification of law, consisting generally of constitutional, administrative, criminal and international law, concerned with the organization of the state, the relations between the state and the people who compose it, the responsibilities of public officers to the state, to each other, and to private persons, and the relations of states to one other. The branch or department of law which is concerned with the state in its political or sovereign capacity, including constitutional and administrative law, and with the definition, regulation, and enforcement of rights in cases where the state is regarded as the subject of the right or object of the duty, - including criminal law and criminal procedure, - and the law of the state, considered in its quasi private personality, i.e., as capable of holding or exercising rights, or acquiring and dealing with property, in the character of an individual. (Source: WESTS)
 
 publiekrechtelijk bedrijfsorgaan
 	English: statutory public body
 	English definition: An association, supported in whole or part by public funding, that is established to operate programs for the public, often with little interference from government in day-to-day business. (Source: BLD / ODE)
 
 pulp
 	English: pulp
 	English definition: The cellulosic material produced by reducing wood mechanically or chemically and used in making paper and cellulose products. Also known as wood pulp. (Source: MGH)
 
 pulpindustrie
 	English: pulp industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in manufacturing and selling the soft, moist, slightly cohering mass deriving from wood that is used to produce paper sheets, cardboard and other paper products. (Source: RHW)
 
 punt
 	English: point
 	English definition: A position on a reference system determined by a survey. (Source: WHIT)
 
 puntbron
 	English: point source
 	English definition: Pollution from a discrete source, such as a septic tank, a sewer, a discharge type, a landfill, a factory or waste water treatment works discharging to a watercourse; stack emission from an industrial process; or spillage from an underground storage tank leaching into groundwater. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 purine
 	English: purin
 	English definition: Any of a number of nitrogenous bases, such as guanine and adenine, that are derivatives of purine and constituents of nucleic acids and certain coenzymes. (Source: CED)
 
 pyraleen
 	English: pyralene
 	English definition: Chemical compound belonging to the polychlorinated biphenyls family, used in the production of electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. (Source: PZ)
 
 pyrolyse
 	English: pyrolysis
 	English definition: The breaking apart of complex molecules into simpler units by the use of heat. (Source: MGH)
 
 pyschosomatisch effect
 	English: psychosomatic effect
 	English definition: Any result pertaining to the influence of the mind or higher functions of the brain upon the operations of the body, particularly bodily disorders or diseases. (Source: SMD)
 
 raad
 	English: advice
 	English definition: An official notice, opinion, counsel or recommendation that is optional or at the receiver's discretion. (Source: BLD)
 
 raap(zaad)
 	English: rape (plant)
 	English definition: A Eurasian cruciferous plant, Brassica napus, that is cultivated for its seeds, which yield a useful oil, and as a fodder plant. (Source: CED)
 
 radar
 	English: radar
 	English definition: A system using beamed and reflected radiofrequency energy for detecting and locating objects, measuring distance or altitude, navigating, homing, bombing and other purposes. (Source: MGH)
 
 radio
 	English: radio
 	English definition: The process, equipment or programming involved in transmitting and receiving sound signals by electromagnetic waves. (Source: MHD)
 
 radioactief afval
 	English: radioactive waste
 	English definition: Any waste that emit radiation in excess of normal background level, including the toxic by-products of the nuclear energy industry. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 radioactief element
 	English: radioelement
 	English definition: An element that is naturally radioactive. (Source: CED)
 
 radioactieve afvalstortplaats
 	English: radioactive dumping
 	English definition: Waste generated by the emission of particulate or electromagnetic radiation resulting from the decay of the nuclei of unstable elements. (Source: KOREN)
 
 radioactieve besmetting
 	English: radioactive contamination
 	English definition: Contamination of a substance, living organism or site caused by radioactive material. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 radioactieve merkstof
 	English: radioactive tracer
 	English definition: A radioactive isotope which, when injected into a biological or physical system, can be traced by radiation detection devices, permitting determination of the distribution or location of the substance to which it is attached. (Source: MGH)
 
 radioactieve neerslag
 	English: fallout
 	English definition: The descent of airborne solid or liquid particles to the ground, which occurs when the speed at which they fall due to gravity exceeds that of any upward motion of the air surrounding them. (Source: ALL)
 
 radioactieve neerslag
 	English: radioactive fallout
 	English definition: The material that descends to the earth or water well beyond the site of a surface or subsurface nuclear explosion. (Source: MGH)
 
 radioactieve ontsmetting
 	English: radioactive decontamination
 	English definition: The removal of radioactive contamination which is deposited on surfaces or may have spread throughout a work area. Personnel decontamination is also included. Decontamination methods follow two broad avenues of attack, mechanical and chemical. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 radioactieve stof
 	English: radioactive substance
 	English definition: Any substance that contains one or more radionuclides of which the activity or the concentration cannot be disregarded as far as radiation protection is concerned. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 radioactieve uitstoot
 	English: radioactive emission
 	English definition: The release of radioactive substances into the environment deriving from nuclear installations and from mining, purification and enrichment operations of radioactive elements. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 radioactieve vervuiler
 	English: radioactive pollutant
 	English definition: A substance undergoing spontaneous decay or disintegration of atomic nuclei and giving off radiant energy in the form of particles or waves, often associated with an explosion of a nuclear weapon or an accidental release from a nuclear power plant, holding facility or transporting container. (Source: DEE / ISEP)
 
 radioactiviteit
 	English: radioactivity
 	English definition: The property possessed by some atomic nuclei of disintegrating spontaneously, with loss of energy through emission of a charged particle and/or gamma radiation. (Source: BRACK)
 
 radionucleide
 	English: radionuclide
 	English definition: A nuclide that exhibits radioactivity. (Source: MGH)
 
 radioprogramma
 	English: radio programme
 	English definition: A performance or production transmitted in sound signals with electromagnetic waves. (Source: MHD)
 
 radon
 	English: radon
 	English definition: A radioactive gaseous element emitted naturally from rocks and minerals where radioactive elements are present. It is released in non-coal mines, e.g. tin, iron, fluorspar, uranium. Radon is an alpha particle emitter as are its decay products and has been indicted as a cause of excessive occurrence of lung cancer in uranium miners. Concern has been expressed at radon levels in some housing usually adjacent to granite rocks or old tin mining regions. (Source: PORT)
 
 raffinaderij
 	English: refinery
 	English definition: A factory for the purification of some crude material such as ore, sugar, oil, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 raffineren
 	English: refining
 	English definition: The processing of raw material to remove impurities.  (Source: PHC)
 
 raming van de schade
 	English: damage assessment
 	English definition: The evaluation or determination of losses, harm and injuries to persons, property or the environment. (Source: TOE)
 
 ramp
 	English: catastrophe
 	English definition: A sudden, widespread disaster or calamity that greatly exceeds the resources of an area or region. (Source: HMD)
 
 rampen
 	English: disaster
 	English definition: The result of a vast ecological breakdown in the relations between man and his environment, a serious and sudden event (or slow, as in drought) on such a scale that the stricken community needs extraordinary efforts to cope with it, often with outside help or international aid. (Source: GUNN)
 
 rampen(bestrijdings)dienst
 	English: disaster control service
 	English definition: Work done or agency established to analyze, plan, assign and coordinate available resources in order to prepare for, respond to, mitigate and recover from damage caused by an ecological calamity, natural or human in origin. (Source: ISEP /  PPB)
 
 rampen, ongevallen, gevaren, risico
 	English: disasters, accidents, risk
 
 rampenparaatheid
 	English: disaster preparedness
 	English definition: The aggregate of measures to be taken in view of disasters, consisting of plans and action programmes designed to minimize loss of life and damage, to organize and facilitate effective rescue and relief, and to rehabilitate after disaster. Preparedness requires the necessary legislation and means to cope with disaster or similar emergency situations. It is also concerned with forecasting and warning, the education and training of the public, organization and management, including plans, training of personnel, the stockpiling of supplies and ensuring the needed funds and other resources. (Source: GUNN)
 
 rampenplan
 	English: disaster contingency plan
 	English definition: An anticipatory emergency plan to be followed in an expected or eventual disaster, based on risk assessment, availability of human and material resources, community preparedness, local and international response capability, etc. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 rampenplan
 	English: risk exposure plan
 	English definition: A scheme or method of acting that takes effect if the probability of harm to an area or its population increases beyond a normal level. (Source: ISEP /  HMD)
 
 rampenpreventie
 	English: disaster prevention
 	English definition: The aggregate of approaches and measures to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not cause or result in disaster or similar emergency. It implies the formulation and implementation of long-range policies and programmes to eliminate or prevent the occurrence of disasters. (Source: GUNN)
 
 rampgebied
 	English: disaster zone
 	English definition: Zone that has been stricken by a disaster and where measures must be taken to reduce the severity of the human and material damage caused by it. (Source: GUNN)
 
 rangeerterrein
 	English: shunting yard
 	English definition: Area where a car or a train can be shoven or turned off or moved from one track to another. (Source: MGH)
 
 rapporteringsproces
 	English: reporting process
 
 raster
 	English: raster
 	English definition: One of the two major types of internal data organization used in GIS. Raster systems superimpose a regular grid over the area of interest and associate each cell-or pixel, to use the image term- with one or more data records. The values associated with each grid cell may represent either real values or any scalar or nominal data values associated with the cell coordinates. Among the strengths of the raster method is its ability to accept data directly from remote sensing systems and to represent transitional information. Raster systems tend to be relatively storage-intensive and this imposes practical limits on the area of coverage, the resolution, or both of these. Capacity constraints are, however, becoming less significant as computer memory and storage become more powerful and as data compression techniques become more readily available. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 raster
 	English: gridding
 	English definition: A system of uniformly spaced perpendicular lines and horizontal lines running north and south, and east and west on a map, chart, or aerial photograph; used in locating points. (Source: MGH)
 
 reactiekinetiek
 	English: reaction kinetics
 	English definition: That branch of physical chemistry concerned with the mechanisms and rates of chemical reactions. (Source: MGH)
 
 reactor
 	English: reactor
 	English definition: A device that introduces either inductive or capacitive reactance into a circuit, such as a coil or capacitor. (Source: MGH)
 
 reactorveiligheid
 	English: reactor safety
 	English definition: Those studies and activities that seek to minimise the risk of a nuclear reactor accident. (Source: RRDA)
 
 recht
 	English: law (science)
 	English definition: Complex of rules fixed by law or custom which regulate social relations. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 recht op informatie
 	English: right to information
 	English definition: The individual's right to know in general about the existence of data banks, the right to be informed on request and the general right to a print-out of the information registered and to know the actual use made of the information. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 recht op schadevergoeding
 	English: right to compensation
 	English definition: A legally enforceable claim for payment or reimbursement to pay for damages, loss or injury, or for remuneration to pay for services rendered, whether in fees, commissions or salary. (Source: BLD)
 
 rechten
 	English: rights
 	English definition: 1) Title to or an interest in any property.2) Any interest or privilege recognized and protected by law. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 rechten van het individu
 	English: rights of the individual
 	English definition: Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to each and every member of a group or state, including the freedom to do certain things and the freedom from certain intrusions imposed by the collective body. (Source: APS / RHW)
 
 rechten van toekomstige generaties
 	English: rights of future generations
 	English definition: The moral, legal or ethical claims of posterity on present people, based on the recognition that the young and unborn are vulnerable to contemporary decision-making, especially decisions having long-term effect on the societies and environment they inherit. (Source: FUT)
 
 rechterlijk orgaan
 	English: judicial body
 	English definition: Any public organization or branch of government responsible for the administration of justice or the enforcement of laws. (Source: BLD)
 
 rechtsbijstand
 	English: judicial assistance
 	English definition: A program sponsored or administered by a government to guide through and represent in court proceedings persons who are in financial need and cannot afford private counsel. (Source: BLD)
 
 rechtsgang
 	English: legal procedure
 	English definition: Term includes all proceedings authorised or sanctioned by law, and brought or instituted in a court of legal tribunal, for the acquiring of a right or the enforcement of a remedy. (Source: WESTS)
 
 rechtsgebied
 	English: jurisdiction
 	English definition: The power of a court to hear and decide a case or make a certain order. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 rechtsgebied
 	English: law branch
 	English definition: A subdivision of the body of principles and regulations established by a government or other authority, generally defined by its scope or application. (Source: BLD / ISEP)
 
 rechtsgrond(slag)
 	English: legal basis
 	English definition: The fundamental law or judicial precedent that warrants or supports a subsequent decision or action by any governmental, corporate or private entity. (Source: BLD)
 
 rechtsmiddel
 	English: legal remedy
 	English definition: The means by which a right is enforced or the violation of a right is prevented, redressed, or compensated. (Source: BLACK)
 
 rechtsregel
 	English: judiciary rule
 	English definition: Specific norms, regulations and precedents governing the conduct, procedure and arrangement of a judicial system, its various divisions and its officers. (Source: BLD)
 
 rechtsregel
 	English: legal regulation
 	English definition: Any order or rule issued by a government stipulating its procedures for the creation, execution or adjudication of laws. (Source: BLD)
 
 rechtsstelsel
 	English: judicial system
 	English definition: Entire network of courts in a particular jurisdiction. (Source: WESTS)
 
 rechtsstelsel
 	English: legal system
 	English definition: The organization and network of courts and other institutions, procedures and customs, officers and other personnel concerned with interpretation and enforcement of a country's law or with advice and assistance in matters pertaining to those laws. (Source: OCT / RHW)
 
 rechtszaak
 	English: trial
 	English definition: A judicial examination and determination of issues between parties to action; whether they need issues of law or of fact. A judicial examination, in accordance with law of the land, of a cause, either civil or criminal, of the issues between the parties, whether of law or fact, before a court that has proper jurisdiction. (Source: WESTS)
 
 rechtvaardiging van administratieve handelingen
 	English: motivation of administrative acts
 	English definition: The underlying reason or cause, a psychological or social factor, that incites or stimulates managers, executives or supervisors to complete tasks that achieve organizational or company goals. (Source: OED)
 
 rechtvleugeligen
 	English: orthopteran
 	English definition: A heterogeneous order of generalized insects with gradual metamorphosis, chewing mouthparts, and four wings. (Source: MGH)
 
 recombinante DNA technologie
 	English: recombinant DNA technology
 	English definition: Techniques and practical applications associated with recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid artificially introduced into a cell that alters the genotype and phenotype of the cell and is replicated along with the natural DNA). (Source: DELFIN /  KOREN)
 
 recreatievaart
 	English: cruising
 	English definition: Travelling by sea in a liner for pleasure, usually calling at a number of ports. (Source: CED)
 
 reddingsdienst
 	English: rescue service
 	English definition: Service organized to provide immediate assistance to persons injured or in distress. (Source: RRDA)
 
 reddingsstelsel
 	English: rescue system
 	English definition: Any series of procedures and devices used by trained personnel to provide immediate assistance to persons who are in danger or injured. (Source: GT2 / HMD)
 
 redelijkheid
 	English: reasonableness
 
 reden tot (be)zorg(dheid)
 	English: cause for concern principle
 	English definition: Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 referentiedienst
 	English: reference service
 	English definition: The provision of aid by library staff trained to interpret library materials and library organizational structures to meet the informational, educational, cultural, recreational or research needs of the library's clients. (Source: OED /  LFS)
 
 referentiemeting
 	English: baseline monitoring
 	English definition: Monitoring of long-term changes in atmospheric compositions of particular significance to the weather and the climate. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 reflectometrie
 	English: reflectometry
 	English definition: The study of the reflectance of light or other radiant energy. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 regelgeving milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution control regulation
 	English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD)
 
 regen
 	English: rain
 	English definition: Precipitation in the form of liquid water drops with diameters greater than 0.5 millimeter. (Source: MGH)
 
 regenwater
 	English: rain water
 	English definition: Water which falls as rain from clouds. (Source: PHC)
 
 regenwormen
 	English: earthworm
 	English definition: Any of numerous oligochaete worms of the genera Lumbricus, Allolobophora, Eisenia, etc., which burrow in the soil and help aerate and break up the ground. (Source: CED)
 
 regenwoud
 	English: rain forest
 	English definition: A forest of broad-leaved, mainly evergreen, trees found in continually moist climates in the tropics, subtropics, and some parts of the temperate zones. (Source: MGH)
 
 regering (kabinet)
 	English: government (cabinet)
 	English definition: A body of top government officials appointed to advise the President or the chief executive officer of a country, usually consisting of the heads of government departments or agencies. (Source: OED)
 
 regering van een grondgebied
 	English: territorial government
 	English definition: An administrative body or system in which political direction or control is exercised over a designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical area. (Source: RHW / BLD)
 
 regeringsvorm
 	English: form of government
 	English definition: Form of authority in which an individual or group of individuals wield power over the majority. (Source: WSU)
 
 registratie
 	English: registration
 	English definition: An instance of or a certificate attesting to the fact of entering in an official list various pieces of information in order to facilitate regulation or authorization, including one's name, contact information and, in some instances, data concerning a specific possession or property. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 registratie van stoffen
 	English: recording of substances
 
 registratieplicht
 	English: registration obligation
 	English definition: The duty to formally enroll with a government agency or an authority in order to be granted certain rights, particularly trademark or copyright privileges, or the  permission to sell and distribute a product. (Source: BLD)
 
 registratieprocedure
 	English: registration proceeding
 	English definition: The course of action or record in which an individual, company or an organization formally enrolls with a government agency or an authority in order to be granted certain rights, particularly trademark or copyright privileges, or the permission to sell and distribute a product. (Source: BLD)
 
 regulerend toezicht
 	English: regulatory control
 	English definition: Government supervision over the obligations and rights of an industry or enterprise for the purpose of providing the public with services that are considered important, vital or necessary to most members of a community or area. (Source: DAM)
 
 regulerende wet
 	English: regulative law
 
 reiniging
 	English: cleansing
 	English definition: The act or process of washing, laundering or removing dirt and other unwanted substances from the surface of an object, thing or place. (Source: RHW)
 
 reinigingsdienst
 	English: cleansing department
 	English definition: A division, usually within municipal government, responsible for providing services that remove dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from city or town property. (Source: ISEP)
 
 reinigingsmiddel
 	English: lye
 	English definition: The alkaline solution that is obtained from the leaching of wood ashes. (Source: MGH)
 
 reinigingsproduct
 	English: cleansing product
 
 reiskosten
 	English: travel cost
 	English definition: Expenditure of money or the amount of money incurred for journeying or going from one place to another by some mode of transportation. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 reizen
 	English: travel
 	English definition: Moving from one place to another generally by using a transportation mean. (Source: RRDA)
 
 reizen in de minder drukke periode
 	English: off-peak travelling
 	English definition: Relating to travelling outside rush-hours to avoid overcrowding in public means of transport. (Source: WPRa)
 
 relaties tussen de Aarde en de Zon
 	English: Earth-Sun relationship
 	English definition: The Earth depends on the sun for its existence as a planet hospitable to life, and solar energy is the major factor determining the climate. Hence, conditions on the sun and conditions on Earth are inextricably linked. Although the sun's rays may appear unchanging, its radiation does vary. Many scientists suspect that sunspot activity has a greater influence on climatic change than variations attributed to the greenhouse effect. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 relationele database
 	English: relational database
 	English definition: A collection of digital information items organized as a set of formally described tables from which the information can be accessed or reassembled in different ways without reorganizing the tables. (Source: WIC)
 
 relief
 	English: relief (land)
 	English definition: The physical shape, configuration or general unevenness of a part of the Earth's surface, considered with reference to variation of height and slope or to irregularities of the land surface; the elevation or difference in elevation, considered collectively, of a land surface. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 remmingsbekken
 	English: retarding basin
 	English definition: A basin designed and operated to provide temporary storage and thus reduce the peak flood flows of a stream. (Source: MGH)
 
 remote sensing
 	English: remote sensing
 	English definition: 1) The scientific detection, recognition, inventory and analysis of land and water area by the use of distant sensors or recording devices such as photography, thermal scanners, radar, etc. 2) Complex of techniques for the remote measure of electromagnetic energy emitted by objects. (Source: LANDY /  ZINZAN)
 
 remote-sensingcentrum
 	English: remote sensing centre
 	English definition: Centre where remote sensing data are stored, handled and analyzed. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 renaturatie
 	English: renaturation
 	English definition: A process of returning natural ecosystems or habitats to their original structure and species composition. Restoration requires a detailed knowledge of the original species, ecosystem functions and interacting processes involved. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 rentebetaling
 	English: debt service
 	English definition: The fees or amount of money necessary to pay interest on an outstanding debt, the principal of maturing serial bonds, and the required contributions to an amortization or sinking fund for term bonds. (Source: EFP)
 
 reptielen
 	English: reptile
 	English definition: A class of terrestrial vertebrates, characterized by the lack of hair, feathers, and mammary glands; the skin is covered with scales, they have a three chambered heart and the pleural and peritoneal cavities are continuous. (Source: MGH)
 
 reservaat
 	English: reserve
 	English definition: Any area of land or water that has been set aside for a special purpose, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems. (Source: RHW / DOE)
 
 reservaat voor in het wild levende planten en dieren
 	English: wildlife sanctuary
 	English definition: 1) An area, usually in natural condition, which is reserved (set aside) by a governmental or private agency for the protection of particular species of animals during part or all of the year. 2) An area designated for the protection of wild animals, within which hunting and fishing is either prohibited or strictly controlled. (Source: UNUN /  LANDY)
 
 reserve van de biosfeer
 	English: biosphere reserve
 	English definition: Protected land and coastal areas that are approved under the Man and Biosphere programme (MAB) in conjunction with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Each reserve has to have an ecosystem that is recognized for its diversity and usefulness as a conservation unit. The reserves have at least one core area where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. A transition zone surrounds this and within it scientific research is allowed. Beyond this is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. Biosphere reserves and buffer zones were regarded as examples of a new generation of conservation techniques. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 resolutie
 	English: resolution (parameter)
 	English definition: A remote sensing term which has three separate applications: a) spatial resolution, which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects that are spatially close to each other. It is a measure of the smallest angular or linear separation between two objects. b) Spectral resolution which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects which are spectrally similar. It is a measure of both the discreteness of wavebands and the sensitivity of the sensor to distinguish between electromagnetic radiation intensity levels. c) Thermal resolution which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects with a similar temperature. (Source: WHIT)
 
 resorptie
 	English: resorption
 	English definition: Absorption or, less commonly, adsorption of material by a body or system from which the material was previously released. (Source: MGH)
 
 rest
 	English: residue
 	English definition: Any materials, solid or semisolid, left over from incineration, evaporation or other processes. (Source: DEE / ISEP)
 
 restafval
 	English: residual waste
 	English definition: Material left after any waste treatment process, including industrial, urban, agricultural, mining or other similar treatments. (Source: ERG / ISEP)
 
 restanalyse
 	English: residue analysis
 	English definition: Analysis of residues from agricultural chemicals used in food crops and contained in foodstuff. The analyses use gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunoassays, etc. (Source: RRDA /  USDA)
 
 restauratie van gebouwen
 	English: building restoration
 	English definition: The accurate reestablishment of the form and details of a building, its artifacts, and the site on which it is located, usually as it appeared at a particular time. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 resten van bestrijdingsmiddellen
 	English: residual pesticide
 	English definition: A pesticide remaining in the environment for a fairly long time, continuing to be effective for days, weeks, and months. (Source: HMD)
 
 restrisico
 	English: residual risk
 	English definition: Remaining potential for harm to persons, property or the environment following all possible efforts to reduce predictable hazards. (Source: TOE)
 
 restslib
 	English: residual waste sludge
 	English definition: The excess, unusable semi-solids or sediment resulting from a wastewater treatment or industrial process. (Source: RHW / TOE)
 
 reuk
 	English: odour
 	English definition: The property of a substance affecting the sense of smell; any smell; scent; perfume. (Source: LEE)
 
 richtlijn
 	English: directive
 	English definition: The second rank of administrative acts (inferior to regulations, superior to decisions) made by the council or commission of the European Communities on order to carry out their tasks in accordance with the Treaties. They must be addressed to states, not individuals, but many create rights for individuals or allow the directive to be pleaded before municipal court.
 
 richtlijn inzake de waterkwaliteit
 	English: water quality directive
 	English definition: EC Directive establishing the rules relating to water for human consumption. (Source: DIRAMB)
 
 richtlijn voor de waterbescherming
 	English: water protection directive
 
 richtlijn voor proeven
 	English: testing guideline
 
 riet
 	English: reed
 	English definition: Any of various types of tall stiff grass-like plants growing together in groups near water. (Source: CAMB)
 
 rif
 	English: reef
 	English definition: A line of rocks in the tidal zone of a coast, submerged at high water but partly uncovered at low water. (Source: WHIT)
 
 rijst
 	English: rice
 	English definition: An erect grass, Oryza sativa, that grows in East Asia on wet ground and has drooping flower spikes and yellow oblong edible grains that become white when polished. (Source: CED)
 
 ringen
 	English: ringing (wildlife)
 	English definition: To attach a numbered ring to the leg of a bird so that its movements can be recorded. Ringing is a very common method of tracing bird movement and providing information about bird's ages. It can also cause stress to the birds. (Source: PHC)
 
 ringwormen
 	English: annelid
 	English definition: Any worms of the phylum Anellida, in which the body is divided into segments both internally and externally. The group includes the earthworms, lugworm, ragworm, and leeches. (Source: CED)
 
 rioolslib
 	English: sewage sludge
 	English definition: A semi-liquid waste with a solid concentration in excess of 2500 parts per million, obtained from the purification of municipal sewage. (Source: MGH)
 
 rioolstelsel
 	English: sewerage system
 	English definition: System of pipes, usually underground, for carrying waste water and human waste away from houses and other buildings, to a place where they can be safely get rid of. (Source: CAMB)
 
 rioolwaterverwerking
 	English: sewage disposal
 
 risico op kanker
 	English: cancer risk
 	English definition: The probability that exposure to some agent or substance will adversely transform cells to replicate and form a malignant tumor. (Source: APD / HMD)
 
 risico op kernongevallen
 	English: nuclear hazard
 	English definition: Risk or danger to human health or the environment posed by radiation emanating from the atomic nuclei of a given substance, or the possibility of an uncontrolled explosion originating from a fusion or fission reaction of atomic nuclei. (Source: MHD / TOE)
 
 risicoanalyse
 	English: risk analysis
 	English definition: Technique used to determine the likelihood or chance of hazardous events occurring (such as release of a certain quantity of a toxic gas) and the likely consequences. Originally developed for use in nuclear and chemical industry where certain possible events, of low probability, could have extremely serious results. Attempts are being made to use concepts from probabilistic risk analysis to characterise environmental impacts, whose occurrence and nature are not easy to predict with any degree of accuracy. (Source: ERIN)
 
 risicoanalyse
 	English: danger analysis
 	English definition: The process of evaluating the scale and probability of harm caused by any hazard to persons, property or the environment. (Source: ISEP /  DDP)
 
 risico-batenanalyse
 	English: risk-benefit analysis
 	English definition: A systematic process of evaluating and assessing the hazards of loss versus the possibility of financial gain or profit. (Source: OED)
 
 risicobeheer
 	English: risk management
 	English definition: The process of evaluating and selecting alternative regulatory and non-regulatory responses to prepare for the probability of an accidental occurrence and its expected magnitude of damage, including the consideration of legal, economic and behavioral factors. (Source: HMD / TOE)
 
 risicobeperking
 	English: risk reduction
 	English definition: Any act, instance or process lowering the probability that harm will come to an area or its population as the result of some hazard. (Source: ISEP /  TOE)
 
 risico's
 	English: risk
 	English definition: The expected number of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property and disruption of economic activity due to a particular natural phenomenon, and consequently the product of the probability of occurrence and the expected magnitude of damage. (Source: GUNN /  RRDA)
 
 rivier
 	English: river
 	English definition: A stream of water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing. A river and all its tributaries within a single basin is termed a drainage system. (Source: WHIT)
 
 rivier hulpbronnen
 	English: fluvial resource
 	English definition: Any source of supply derived from a river, particularly its water, which is collected, stored and treated, then distributed for domestic, industrial, farm and other uses. (Source: WWC)
 
 rivierbedding
 	English: river bed
 	English definition: The channel containing or formerly containing the water of a river. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 rivierbeheer
 	English: river management
 	English definition: The administration or handling of a waterway or a stream of flowing water. (Source: RHW)
 
 rivierbekkenontwikkeling
 	English: river basin development
 	English definition: Any growth, maturation or change in an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. (Source: TOE)
 
 rivierlozing
 	English: river disposal
 	English definition: Discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous waste into a river.
 
 rivieroevers; oeverstrook; rivieroeverstrook; rivier oeverstrook
 	English: riparian zone
 	English definition: 1) Terrestrial areas where the vegetation complex and microclimate are products of the combined pressure and influence of perennial and/or intermittent water... and soils that exhibit some wetness characteristics.2) Zone situated on the bank of a water course such as a river or stream. (Source: DUNSTE /  GILP96)
 
 rivierverontreiniging
 	English: river pollution
 	English definition: The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of river water, or a river ecosystem. (Source: Landy)
 
 rivierwater
 	English: river water
 	English definition: Water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing. (Source: WHIT)
 
 robbevangst
 	English: sealing
 	English definition: Luting, making watertight, waterproofing. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 rode lijst
 	English: red list
 	English definition: The series of publications produced by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). They provide an inventory on the threat to rare plants and animal species. Information includes status, geographical distribution, population size, habitat and breeding rate. The books also contain the conservation measures, if any, that have been taken to protect the species. There are five categories of rarity status: endangered species; vulnerable organisms, which are those unlikely to adapt to major environmental effects; rare organisms, which are those at risk because there are few of them in the world, such as plants which only grow on mountain peaks or on islands; out of danger species, which were formerly in the above categories, but have had the threat removed because of conservation actions; and indeterminate species, which are the plants and animals probably at risk, although not enough is known about them to assess their status. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 roet
 	English: soot
 	English definition: Impure black carbon with oily compounds obtained from the incomplete combustion of resinous materials, oils, wood, or coal. (Source: MGH)
 
 roken
 	English: smoking
 	English definition: The inhalation and exhalation of carcinogenic fumes from burning plant material, usually tobacco. (Source: MED / HHR)
 
 rolgeluid
 	English: rolling noise
 	English definition: Deeply resounding, reverberating noise caused by the friction between car tyres and road surfaces. (Source: CEDa)
 
 rond plein [geografie]
 	English: geographic circque
 	English definition: A deep steep-walled half-bowl-like recess or hollow, variously described as horseshoe- or crescent-shaped or semi-circular in plan, situated high on the side of a mountain and commonly at the head of a glacial valley and produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier. It often contains a small round lake, and it may or may not be occupied by ice or snow. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 rondschrijven
 	English: circular mail
 	English definition: A memorandum, letter or notice in either paper or electronic format distributed widely throughout an organization or to a general list of interested parties. (Source: RHW)
 
 rontgenstraling
 	English: X ray
 	English definition: A penetrating electromagnetic radiation, usually generated by accelerating electrons to high velocity and suddenly stopping them by collision with a solid body, or by inner-shell transitions of atoms with atomic number greater than 10; their wavelength ranges from about 10(-5) angstrom to 10(3) angstroms, the average wavelength used in research being 1 angstrom. (Source: MGH)
 
 roofdier
 	English: predator
 	English definition: Animal which kills and eats other animals. (Source: PHC)
 
 roofvogel
 	English: bird of prey
 	English definition: Any of various carnivorous bird of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes which feed on meat taken by hunting. (Source: MGH)
 
 rooilijn; lijn
 	English: alignment
 	English definition: The selection and detailed layout of public transport routes in the light of construction, operation, service, technology, and economic criteria. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 rook
 	English: smoke
 	English definition: An aerosol, consisting of visible particles and gases, produced by the incomplete burning of carbon-based materials, such as wood and fossil fuels. (Source: FFD)
 
 rookgas
 	English: flue gas
 	English definition: The gaseous combustion product generated by a furnace and often exhausted through a chimney (flue). (Source: APD / Landy)
 
 rookpreventie
 	English: smoke prevention
 
 rubber
 	English: rubber
 	English definition: A cream to dark brown elastic material obtained by coagulating and drying the latex from certain plants, especially the rubber tree. (Source: CED)
 
 rubberafval
 	English: rubber waste
 	English definition: Any refuse or unwanted material made of synthetic or natural rubber, often the byproduct of rubber processing. (Source: RHW)
 
 rubberverwerkende industrie
 	English: rubber processing industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of natural or synthetic rubber products. (Source: RHW)
 
 rubberverwerking
 	English: rubber processing
 	English definition: The systematic series of actions in which a solid substance deriving from rubber trees and plants is toughened and treated chemically to give it the strength, elasticity, resistance and other qualities needed for the manufacture of products such as erasers, elastic bands, water hoses, electrical insulation and tires. (Source: RHW)
 
 ruigte
 	English: brushwood
 	English definition: Woody vegetation including shrubs and scrub trees of non-commercial height and form, often seen in the initial stages of succession following a disturbance. Brush often grows in very dense thickets that are impenetrable to wild animals and serve to suppress the growth of more desirable crop trees. However, brush can also serve an important function as desirable habitat for a range or bird, animal, and invertebrate species, and often provides a good source of browse and cover for larger wildlife. It adds structural diversity within the forest and is important in riparian zones. It is also termed scrub. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 ruilverkaveling
 	English: land consolidation
 	English definition: Joining small plots of land together to form larger farms or large fields. (Source: PHC)
 
 ruimolie
 	English: bilge oil
 	English definition: Waste oil that accumulates, usually in small quantities, inside the lower spaces of a ship, just inside the shell plating, and usually mixed with larger quantities of water. (Source: ERG)
 
 ruimte
 	English: space
 
 ruimte
 	English: space
 
 ruimte (uitrustingsprogramma)
 	English: outer space (allocation plan)
 	English definition: Area out of closed settlements or building. (Source: RRDA)
 
 ruimte; interplanetaire ruimte
 	English: space; interplanetary space
 	English definition: Space extending between the sun and the planets of the solar system. Interplanetary space is not empty, but contains dust, particles with an electric charge, and the magnetic field of the sun (also called the IMF, or Interplanetary Magnetic Field). (Source: CED /  WINDOW)
 
 ruimte-afval
 	English: space waste
 	English definition: Nonfunctional debris of human origin left in a multitude of orbits about the earth as the result of the exploration and use of the environment lying outside the earth's atmosphere. (Source: MHD / ORB)
 
 ruimtelijke ordening
 	English: physical planning
 	English definition: A form of urban land use planning which attempts to achieve an optimal spatial coordination of different human activities for the enhancement of the quality of life. (Source: LANDY)
 
 ruimtelijke verdeling
 	English: spatial distribution
 	English definition: A distribution or set of geographic observations representing the values of behaviour of a particular phenomenon or characteristic across many locations on the surface of the Earth. (Source: GOOD)
 
 ruimte-onderzoek
 	English: space research
 	English definition: Research involving studies of all aspects of environmental conditions beyond the atmosphere of the earth. (Source: MGH)
 
 ruimtevaart
 	English: space travel
 	English definition: Travel in the space beyond the earth's atmosphere performed for scientific research purposes. (Source: RRDA)
 
 ruimtevaartbeleid
 	English: space policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which seeks to support research and the exploration of planets, asteroids and other elements in the region beyond earth's atmosphere or beyond the solar system. (Source: OED)
 
 ruimtevaartkunde
 	English: astronautics
 	English definition: The science of space flight. (Source: MGH)
 
 ruimwater
 	English: bilge water
 	English definition: Water that builds up in the bottom of a ship's bilge. (Source: MGH)
 
 runderachtigen
 	English: bovid
 	English definition: Any animal belonging to the Bovidae family. (Source: CED)
 
 runderachtigen
 	English: bovine
 
 runderen
 	English: cattle
 	English definition: Domesticated bovine animals, including cows, steers and bulls, raised and bred on a ranch or farm. (Source: MGH)
 
 rustvorm
 	English: resting form
 	English definition: Resistant structure that allows the organism to survive adverse environmental conditions. (Source: ALL2)
 
 ruwe aardolie
 	English: crude oil
 	English definition: A comparatively volatile liquid bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbon, with traces of sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen compounds; can be removed from the earth in a liquid state. (Source: MGH)
 
 salamanders
 	English: salamander
 	English definition: Any of various urodele amphibians, such as Salamandra salamandra of central and S Europe. They are typically terrestrial, have an elongated body, and only return to water to breed. (Source: CED)
 
 salmonella
 	English: salmonella
 	English definition: General name for a family of microorganisms, one of the largest groups of bacteria, that includes those most frequently implicated in food poisoning and gastroenteritis. Unhygienic handling and inadequate cooking of poultry and meat, improper storage of cold meats and, more recently, contamination of battery-reared hen eggs, are the most common sources of salmonella infections. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 samendrukking
 	English: compaction
 	English definition: Reduction of the bulk of solid waste by rolling and tamping. (Source: LEE)
 
 samendrukking
 	English: compression
 	English definition: Reduction in the volume of a substance due to pressure. (Source: MGH)
 
 samengestelde verontreiniging
 	English: composite pollution
 	English definition: Emissions of ozone-degrading gases (CFCs, halons); emissions of greenhouse gases (carbondioxide, methane, CFCs, nitrous oxides, halons); emissions of acidifying gases (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides); emissions of substances that contribute to eutrophication (phosphate and nitrogen-containing materials); emissions of toxic materials (pesticides, radioactive substances, priority toxic substances); solid wastes returned to the environment. (Source: UNEP)
 
 samengestelde voeding
 	English: convenience food
 	English definition: Food so prepared and presented as to be easily and quickly ready for consumption. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 samenleving, maatschappij
 	English: society
 
 samenstelling van afval
 	English: waste composition
 	English definition: The component material types, by percentage or weight, emanating from any source. (Source: AWD)
 
 samenstelling van de atmosfeer
 	English: atmospheric composition
 	English definition: The chemical abundance in the earth's atmosphere of its constituents including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapour, ozone, neon, helium, krypton, methane, hydrogen and nitrous oxide. (Source: MGH)
 
 samenstelling van de bevolking
 	English: composition of population
 	English definition: The constituent groupings and proportions of the total inhabitants of a given nation, area, region or city, as seen from various perspectives. (Source: RHW)
 
 samenwerking
 	English: co-operation
 
 samenwerkingsbeleid
 	English: co-operation policy
 	English definition: Political course of action aiming at establishing trade agreements among the states. (Source: NDGIUR)
 
 samenwerkingsprincipe
 	English: co-operation principle
 
 saneren
 	English: cleaning up
 	English definition: The process of bringing desert, marsh, sea coast or other waste or unproductive land into use or cultivation. (Source: GOOD)
 
 sanitair
 	English: sanitary fitting
 	English definition: The set of furnishings designed for personal hygiene and the disposal of organic waste. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 satelliet
 	English: satellite
 	English definition: An object that orbits around a larger one. Artificial satellites orbiting the Earth are used for communications, the gathering of military intelligence, the monitoring of weather and other environmental phenomena, etc. (Source: ALL)
 
 satellietbeeld
 	English: satellite image
 	English definition: A pictorial representation of data projected onto a two-dimensional grid of individual picture elements (pixels) and acquired from a human-made vessel placed in orbit round a planet, moon or star. (Source: RSG)
 
 satellietrekening
 	English: satellite account
 	English definition: A separate financial record or statement that discloses financial activity in a particular area and supplements existing financial records. (Source: RHW)
 
 scenario
 	English: scenario
 	English definition: Conditions of the environment chosen for a given survey or activity. (Source: RRDA)
 
 schaal- en schelpdierencultuur
 	English: shellfish farming
 	English definition: Raising of shellfish in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters, for commercial purposes. All commercial shellfish beds producing bivalve molluscs must be monitored for microbial contamination. Samples of water and shellfish flesh must be tested for the presence of algal toxins. Periodic monitoring of fish and shellfish must be carried out to check for the presence of contaminants. (Source: WRIGHTa /  MAFF)
 
 schaal-en schelpdieren
 	English: shellfish
 
 schaapachtigen
 	English: ovine
 	English definition: Horned ruminant mammals raised in many breeds for wool, edible flesh, or skin. (Source: AMHER)
 
 schade
 	English: damage
 	English definition: An injury or harm impairing the function or condition of a person or thing. (Source: CED)
 
 schade aan akkers
 	English: field damage
 	English definition: A decline in the productivity of an area of land or in its ability to support natural ecosystems or types of agriculture. Degradation may be caused by a variety of factors, including inappropriate land management techniques, soil erosion, salinity, flooding, clearing, pests, pollution, climatic factors, or progressive urbanization. (Source: GILP96)
 
 schade aan de bodem
 	English: soil damage
 	English definition: Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation. (Source: GILP96)
 
 schade aan dieren
 	English: animal damage
 	English definition: Harm caused to the environment by animals as, for instance, in the case of overgrazing, trampling, etc. Overgrazing damage is reduced by properly located watering facilities to decrease daily travel by livestock. Rotation of grazing areas allows time for recovery of grass. Some land can be easily restored if grazing is allowed only during one season. Animals may cause damage to crops when agriculture land borders on virgin territory or game reserves. In addition wild animals may bring disease in valuable domestic herds. Cattle overstocking has caused serious degradation of habitat, and cattle raising is thus, to some extent, counterproductive. (Source: WPR)
 
 schade aan het bos
 	English: forest damage
 	English definition: Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. (Source: WPR)
 
 schade ten gevolg van militaire oefeningen
 	English: damage from military manoeuvres
 	English definition: Injury or harm resulting from the planned movement of armed forces or from the tactical exercises simulating war operations that is carried out for training and evaluation purposes. (Source: GT2 / JSS)
 
 schadeloosstellingseis
 	English: claim for restitution
 	English definition: A legal remedy in which a person or party may demand or assert the right to be restored to a former or original position prior to loss, damage or injury. (Source: BLD)
 
 schademinimalisering
 	English: minimisation of damage
 	English definition: The activity of reducing the harm or injury done to the environment or ecosystem. (Source: OED)
 
 schadevergoeding
 	English: indemnity
 	English definition: Financial compensation, reimbursement or security for damages or loss offered by a government, insurance policy or contractual agreement under specified conditions and for specific casualties. (Source: BLD)
 
 schadevergoeding
 	English: compensation for damage
 	English definition: Equivalent in money or other form for a loss sustained for an injury, for property taken, etc. (Source: BLACK)
 
 schadevergoeding; vergoeding
 	English: compensation
 	English definition: Equivalent in money for a loss sustained; equivalent given for property taken or for an injury done to another; recompense or reward for some loss, injury or service. (Source: WESTS)
 
 schadeverzekering
 	English: damage insurance
 	English definition: A commercial product which provides a guarantee against damage to property in return for premiums paid. (Source: RHW /  ISEP)
 
 scheepsafval
 	English: ship garbage
 	English definition: Domestic and operational wastes, disposed of continuously or periodically, that are generated during the normal operation of a ship; usually excluding fresh fish waste from fishing operations. (Source: NGT)
 
 scheepsbouw
 	English: shipbuilding
 	English definition: The art or business of designing and constructing ships. (Source: AMHER)
 
 scheepswerktuigkunde
 	English: marine engineering
 	English definition: The design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance of main power plants, as well as the associated auxiliary machinery and equipment, for the propulsion of ships. (Source: MGH)
 
 scheepvaartongeluk
 	English: shipping accident
 	English definition: An unexpected incident, failure or loss involving a vessel or its contents in the course of commercial transport that poses potential harm to persons, property or the environment. (Source: RHW)
 
 scheider voor lichte vloeistoffen
 	English: separator of light liquids
 	English definition: A mechanical device for separating and removing residues from fuel and lubricating oil from waste water coming from filling stations and industrial plants in order to avoid pollution of water bodies; this system is based on the different specific weights of water and fuel residues that float on the water and can be easily removed. (Source: RRDA)
 
 scheiding bij de bron
 	English: separation at source
 	English definition: Segregating various wastes at the point of generation (e.g. separation of paper, metal and glass from other wastes) to make recycling simpler and more efficient. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 scheiding van stoffen
 	English: separation
 	English definition: The separation of one substance from another when they are intimately mixed. For example the removal of oil from water, or gas from oil or oil from gas, etc. (Source: BRACK)
 
 scheikunde, stoffen, processen
 	English: chemistry, substances, processes
 
 scheikunde,chemie
 	English: chemistry
 
 scherm
 	English: shielding device
 	English definition: Barriers devised for keeping away from people harmful substances. (Source: KORENa)
 
 scherpte van het gehoor
 	English: hearing acuity
 	English definition: Effectiveness of hearing. (Source: CAMB)
 
 schietbaan
 	English: shooting range
 	English definition: Area designed for target shooting. (Source: CED)
 
 schildersbedrijf
 	English: painting business
 	English definition: A commercial service through which paint, a decorative or protective coating product, or similar products are applied to the interiors and exteriors of buildings and other surfaces. (Source: RHW)
 
 schildpad
 	English: tortoise
 	English definition: Any herbivorous terrestrial chelonian reptile of the family Testudinidae, of most warm regions, having a heavy dome-shaped shell and clawed limbs. (Source: CED)
 
 schimmeldodend middel
 	English: fungicide
 	English definition: Chemicals used to kill or halt the development of fungi that cause plant disease, such as: storage rot; seedling diseases; root rots; vascular wilts; leaf blights, rusts, smuts and mildews, and viral diseases. These can be controlled by the early and continued application of selected fungicides that either kill the pathogens or restrict their development. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 schip
 	English: ship
 	English definition: A vessel propelled by engines or sails for navigating on the water, especially a large vessel that can not be carried aboard another, as distinguished from a boat. (Source: CED)
 
 schip met dubbele romp
 	English: twin-hull craft
 	English definition: Oil tank vessels provided with a double-hull to meet the regulatory safety requirements in oil transportation. Requirements include minimum values for depths and breadth of double bottoms. Also called double-hull tank vessel. (Source: PZa)
 
 schone technologie
 	English: clean technology
 	English definition: Industrial process which causes little or no pollution. (Source: PHC)
 
 school
 	English: school
 	English definition: An institution or building at which children and young people receive education. (Source: CED)
 
 schoolleven
 	English: school life
 	English definition: Any part or the sum of experiences had while attending an instructional institution, or the amount of time spent in such a program. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 schoolonderwijs
 	English: school teaching
 	English definition: Instruction or training received in any educational institution, but especially to persons under college age. (Source: RHW)
 
 schoolwerk
 	English: schoolwork
 	English definition: The material studied in or for an educational institution, comprising homework and work done in the classroom. (Source: RHW)
 
 schoonmaakbedrijf
 	English: contract cleaner
 	English definition: A commercial service provider, usually bound by a written agreement, responsible for the removal of dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from any property. (Source: RHW)
 
 schoorsteen
 	English: chimney
 	English definition: A vertical structure of brick, masonry, or steel that carries smoke or steam away from a fire, engine, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 schoorsteenhoogte
 	English: chimney height
 	English definition: The appropriate height for chimneys serving industrial combustion plants in order to avoid unacceptable pollution. (Source: PORT)
 
 schroot
 	English: scrap material
 	English definition: Recyclable material from any manufacturing process or discarded consumer products. (Source: APD)
 
 schroot
 	English: scrap metal
 	English definition: Any metal material discarded from manufacturing operations and usually suitable for reprocessing. (Source: TOE)
 
 schroothoop
 	English: scrap dump
 	English definition: Area where waste material, especially metal, is dumped. (Source: CED)
 
 schrootmarkt
 	English: scrap material market
 	English definition: The trade or traffic in discarded or leftover materials that can be reused in some way. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
 
 schrootprijs
 	English: scrap material price
 	English definition: The amount of money or the monetary rate at which materials discarded from manufacturing operations can be bought or sold. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 schubvleugeligen
 	English: lepidopteran
 	English definition: A large order of scaly-winged insects, including the butterflies, skippers, and moths; adults are characterized by two pairs of membranous wings and sucking mouthparts, featuring a prominent, coiled proboscis. (Source: MGH)
 
 schuilplaats
 	English: shelter
 	English definition: Cover or protection, as from weather or danger; place of refuge. (Source: CED)
 
 schuilplaats
 	English: emergency lodging
 	English definition: Housing or dwelling space provided for victims of a sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence, especially when harm has been done to human life, property or the environment. (Source: RHW)
 
 schuimmiddel
 	English: foaming agent
 	English definition: Substances which make it possible to form a homogenous dispersion of a gaseous phase in a liquid or solid medium. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 schuld
 	English: debt
 	English definition: Something owed to someone else. (Source: SCRUZ)
 
 schuld van de ontwikkelingslanden
 	English: developing countries debt
 
 secundaire behandeling
 	English: secondary treatment
 	English definition: Stage of the process of waste water treatment: following primary treatment by sedimentation, the second step in most wastewater systems in which biological organisms decompose most of the organic matter into a innocuous, stable form. (Source: CORBIT /  WQA)
 
 secundaire biotoop
 	English: secondary biotope
 	English definition: In the case of disruption of an existing biotope, secondary biotope can be created as a compensation and substitute measure for the loss of the natural one. (Source: RRDA)
 
 secundaire sector
 	English: secondary sector
 	English definition: The part of a country or region's economy that produces commodities without much direct use of natural resources. (Source: ODE)
 
 sedimentbeweging
 	English: sediment mobilisation
 	English definition: The transport or setting in motion by wind or water of insoluble particulate matter. (Source: APD / RHW)
 
 sedimentologie
 	English: sedimentology
 	English definition: The scientific study of sedimentary rocks and of the processes by which they were formed; the description, classification, origin, and interpretation of sediments. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 sedimentvervoer
 	English: sediment transport
 	English definition: The movement and carrying- away of sediment by natural agents; especially the conveyance of a stream load by suspension, saltation, solution or traction. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 seismiciteit
 	English: seismic activity
 	English definition: The phenomenon of Earth movements. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 seizoensmigratie
 	English: seasonal migration
 	English definition: The periodic movement of a population from one region or climate to another in accordance with the yearly cycle of weather and temperature changes. (Source: RHW)
 
 seizoensverschil
 	English: seasonal variation
 	English definition: In time series, that part of the movement which is assigned to the effect of the seasons on the year. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 selectief fokken van dieren
 	English: selective breeding of animals
 	English definition: Breeding of animals having desirable characters. (Source: MGH)
 
 selectieve plantenteelt
 	English: selective breeding of plants
 	English definition: Breeding of plants having desirable characters. (Source: MGH)
 
 selectieve verspreiding van informatie
 	English: selective dissemination of information
 	English definition: A service provided by a library or other agency that periodically notifies users of new publications, report literature or other data sources in subjects in which the user has specified an interest. (Source: CCL)
 
 selectiviteit
 	English: selectivity
 
 seleen
 	English: selenium
 	English definition: A highly toxic, nonmetallic element; used in analytical chemistry, metallurgy, and photoelectric cells. (Source: MGH)
 
 sensor
 	English: sensor
 	English definition: The generic name for a device that senses either the absolute value or a change in a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, or pH, or the intensity of light, sound, or ratio waves and converts that change into a useful input signal for an information-gathering system. (Source: MGH)
 
 septische put
 	English: septic tank
 	English definition: A tank, usually underground, into which sewage flows, the deposited matter being wholly, or partially broken down through anaerobic action. The final effluent may be allowed to soak into the ground through a system of agricultural drains, if the soil is suitable. Alternatively, the tank must be emptied at regular intervals by a special road-tanker. (Source: GILP96)
 
 Seveso-richtlijn
 	English: Seveso Directive
 	English definition: Directive issued by the European Community in 1981 that obliged industries to notify the authorities, their own workers, and local residents of dangerous chemicals held, while also laying down rules for the storage of specified chemicals. (Source: GILP96)
 
 silicium
 	English: silicon
 	English definition: A brittle metalloid element that exists in two allotropic forms; occurs principally in sand, quartz, granite, feldspar, and clay. It is usually a grey crystalline solid but is also found as a brown amorphous powder. It is used in transistors, rectifiers, solar cells, and alloys. Its compounds are widely used in glass manufacture, the building industry, and in the form of silicones. (Source: CED)
 
 silo
 	English: silo
 	English definition: A large round tower on a farm for storing grain or winter food for cattle. (Source: CAMB)
 
 simulatie
 	English: simulation
 	English definition: A representation of a problem, situation in mathematical terms, especially using a computer. (Source: CED)
 
 sinteren
 	English: sintering
 	English definition: Forming a coherent bonded mass by heating metal powders without melting, used mostly in powder metallurgy. (Source: MGH)
 
 skieen
 	English: skiing
 	English definition: Gliding over snow on skis, especially as a sport. (Source: CED)
 
 skihelling
 	English: ski run
 	English definition: A trail, slope, or course for skiing. (Source: CED)
 
 slaap
 	English: sleep
 	English definition: A periodic state of physiological rest during which consciousness is suspended and metabolic rate is decreased. (Source: CED)
 
 slaapstoornis
 	English: sleep disturbance
 
 slachtafval
 	English: slaughterhouse waste
 	English definition: Animal body parts cut off in the preparation of carcasses for use as food. This waste can come from several sources including slaughterhouses, restaurants, stores and farms. (Source: OED)
 
 slachtdier
 	English: animal for slaughter
 	English definition: Animals bred and killed for the production of food. (Source: RRDA)
 
 slachtvee
 	English: beef cattle
 	English definition: Cattle bred for the production of meat. (Source: RRDA)
 
 slak; metaalslak; metaalslakken
 	English: slag
 	English definition: A nonmetallic product resulting from the interaction of flux and impurities in the smelting and refining of metals. (Source: MGH)
 
 slangen
 	English: snake
 	English definition: Any reptile of the suborder Ophidia, typically having a scaly cylindrical limbless body, fused eyelids, and a jaw modified for swallowing large prey: includes venomous forms such as cobras and rattlesnakes, large nonvenomous constrictors, and small harmless types such as the grass snake. (Source: CED)
 
 slechte werking
 	English: malfunction
 	English definition: Failure to function or defective functioning. (Source: CED)
 
 slib
 	English: silt
 	English definition: The fine mineral material formed from the erosion of rock fragments and deposited by rivers and lakes. Its particles are the intermediate form between sand and clay. The particles can range in size from 0.01-0.05 mm in diameter. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 slib
 	English: sludge
 	English definition: 1) A soft, soupy, or muddy bottom deposit, such as found on tideland or in a stream bed. 2) A semifluid, slushy, murky mass of sediment resulting from treatment of water, sewage, or industrial and mining wastes, and often appearing as local bottom deposits in polluted bodies of water. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 slibgisting
 	English: sludge digestion
 	English definition: A treatment to stabilize raw sludge. The treatment can be either anaerobic process or aerobic process. (Source: LEE)
 
 slibstabilisatie
 	English: sludge stabilisation
 	English definition: Usually anaerobic sludge digestion, a treatment that stabilizes raw sludge. Fully digested sludge has little readily biodegradable organic matter. It is not smelly and about 50% of the solids are inorganic. Sludge can also be digested aerobically.
 
 slibverbranding
 	English: sludge incineration
 	English definition: A method used for drying and reducing sludge volume and weight. Since incineration requires auxiliary fuel to obtain and maintain high temperature and to evaporate the water contained in the incoming sludge, concentration techniques should be applied before incineration. Sludge incineration is a two-step process involving drying and combustion after a preceding dewatering process, such as filters, drying beds, or centrifuges. (Source: CORBIT)
 
 slibverwerking
 	English: sludge treatment
 	English definition: The processing of wastewater sludges to render them innocuous. This may be done by aerobic or anaerobic digestion followed by drying in sand beds, filtering, and incineration, filtering, and drying, or wet air oxidation.
 
 slikbezinkingsvijver
 	English: sludge settling pond
 	English definition: Pond for the removal of settleable solids through which wastewater is passed in a treatment works. (Source: LANDY)
 
 slikwad; wad
 	English: mud flat
 	English definition: A relatively level area of fine silt along a shore (as in a sheltered estuary) or around an island, alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, or covered by shallow water. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 sloopafval
 	English: demolition waste
 	English definition: Masonry or rubble wastes arising from the demolition of buildings or other civil engineering structures.
 
 sloot
 	English: ditch
 	English definition: A long, narrow excavation artificially dug in the ground; especially an open and usually unpaved waterway, channel, or trench for conveying water for drainage or irrigation, and usually smaller than a canal. Some ditches may be natural watercourses. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 sloperij
 	English: demolition business
 	English definition: The activity of reducing buildings or other structures to rubble. (Source: OED)
 
 sluis
 	English: sluice
 	English definition: Vertical sliding gate or valve to regulate the flow of water in a channel or lock. (Source: MGH)
 
 sluisdeur
 	English: sluice-gate
 	English definition: A valve or gate fitted to a sluice to control the rate of flow of water. (Source: CED)
 
 sluiting
 	English: closing down
 	English definition: The cessation, discontinuation or breaking-off of a business transaction, lease, contract or employment arrangement, usually before its anticipated or stipulated end. (Source: BLD)
 
 slurfdieren
 	English: proboscidean
 	English definition: An order of herbivorous placental mammals characterized by having a proboscis, incisors enlarged to become tusks, and pillarlike legs with five toes bound together on a broad pad. (Source: MGH)
 
 smaak van water
 	English: water taste
 	English definition: Taste in water can be caused by foreign matter, such as organic compounds, inorganic salts or dissolved gases. These materials may come from domestic, agricultural or natural sources. Some substances found naturally in groundwater, while not necessarily harmful, may impart a disagreeable taste or undesirable property to the water. Magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride are but a few of these. Acceptable waters should be free from any objectionable taste at point of use. (Source: CORBIT)
 
 smaakstof
 	English: flavouring
 	English definition: A substance, such as an extract or a spice, that imparts flavor. (Source: AMHER)
 
 smeermiddel
 	English: lubricant
 	English definition: A substance used to reduce friction between parts or objects in relative motion. (Source: MGH)
 
 smog
 	English: smog
 	English definition: Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog. The air pollution caused by the action of sunlight on unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, mostly from car exhaust. It occurs over large industrial areas and urban complexes, and causes eye irritations, breathing problems and damage to plant life. (Source: MGH /  WRIGHT)
 
 smogwaarschuwing
 	English: smog warning
 	English definition: Action, device or announcement that serves to give caution or notice to the level of air pollutants typically associated with oxidants in a given area. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 sneeuw
 	English: snow
 	English definition: The most common form of frozen precipitation, usually flakes or starlike crystals, matted ice needles, or combinations, and often rime-coated. (Source: MGH)
 
 sneeuwlawine
 	English: snowslide
 	English definition: An avalanche of relatively pure snow; some rock and earth material may also be carried downward. (Source: MGH)
 
 snelheid
 	English: speed
 	English definition: A scalar measure of the rate of movement of a body expressed either as the distance travelled divided by the time taken (average speed) or the rate of change of position with respect to time at a particular point (instantaneous speed). It is measured in metres per second, miles per hour, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 snelheidsgrens
 	English: speed limit
 	English definition: The maximum permitted speed at which a vehicle may travel on certain roads. (Source: CED)
 
 snelle proef
 	English: rapid test
 	English definition: Tests performed in the medical field whose results are available very quickly. (Source: RRDA)
 
 snelle reactor
 	English: fast reactor
 	English definition: Nuclear reactor which produces more fissile material than it consumes, using fast-moving neutrons and making plutonium-239 from uranium-238, thereby increasing the reactor's efficiency. (Source: PHC)
 
 snelverkeer
 	English: fast traffic
 
 snelweg
 	English: highway
 	English definition: A public road especially an important road that joins cities or towns together. (Source: CAMB)
 
 snoei(-)
 	English: pruning
 	English definition: The cutting off or removal of dead or living parts or branches of a plant to improve shape or growth. (Source: AMHERa)
 
 sociaal beleid
 	English: social policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which seeks to ensure that all people have acceptable working or living conditions by providing social security, welfare, health care, insurance, fair employment practices, low cost housing or educational opportunities. (Source: MGHME)
 
 sociaal gedrag
 	English: social behaviour
 	English definition: A person or community's general treatment, manner of conduct or action toward others as individuals or as members of variously identified groups. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 sociaal gedrag
 	English: social-minded behaviour
 
 sociaal probleem
 	English: social problem
 	English definition: A generic term applied to the range of conditions and aberrant behaviours which are considered to be manifestations of social disorganization and to warrant changing via some means of social engineering. Typically, these problems include many forms of deviant behaviour (such as crime, juvenile delinquency, prostitution, mental illness, drug addiction, suicide) and of social conflict (ethnic tension, domestic violence, industrial strife, andso forth).
 
 sociaal systeem
 	English: social system
 	English definition: The concept of system appears throughout the social and natural sciences and has generated a body of literature of its own (general systems theory). A system is any pattern of relationships between elements, and is regarded as having emergent properties on its own over and above the properties of its elements.
 
 sociaal-opvoedkundige activiteit
 	English: socioeducational activity
 	English definition: Instruction or events designed to offer learning or cultural experiences to populations without access to traditional educational institutions due to social or economic barriers. (Source: OED)
 
 sociale analyse
 	English: social analysis
 
 sociale aspecten, bevolking
 	English: social aspects, population
 
 sociale aspecten, milieubeleidsmaatregelen
 	English: social aspects, environmental policy measures
 
 sociale bescherming
 	English: social protection
 	English definition: The monies and programs a society enacts through either public or private entities to provide economic security and general welfare for its members, often on account of old age, unemployment, health, disability or death of a spouse, parent or other benefactor. (Source: RHW)
 
 sociale beweging
 	English: social movement
 	English definition: A organized effort by a significant number of people to change (or resist change in) some major aspect or aspects of society.
 
 sociale dienst(verlening)
 	English: social service
 	English definition: Welfare activities organized by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. (Source: CED)
 
 sociale differentiatie
 	English: social differentiation
 	English definition: A concept associated with evolutionary theories of history and with structural functionalism. Societies are seen as moving from the simple to the complex via a process of social change based on structural differentiation.
 
 sociale dynamiek
 	English: social dynamics
 	English definition: The pattern, change, development and driving forces of a human group, community or society. (Source: RHW)
 
 sociale geneeskunde
 	English: social medicine
 	English definition: Medicine as applied to treatment of diseases which occur in certain social groups. (Source: PHC)
 
 sociale groep
 	English: social group
 	English definition: A collection of people who interact with one another and share a certain feeling of unity. (Source: SOC)
 
 sociale hulpverlening
 	English: social relief
 	English definition: Public assistance especially financial given to persons in special need or difficulty.
 
 sociale indicator
 	English: social indicator
 	English definition: Easily identified features of a society which can be measured, which vary over time, and are taken as revealing some underlying aspect of social reality. In general, the most commonly used indicators are derived from official statistics, and include unemployment figures, health and mortality data, and crime rates. (Source: SOCIOL)
 
 sociale kosten
 	English: social cost
 	English definition: The price paid or the loss incurred to acquire, produce or maintain an objective or goal in a group, community or society. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 sociale omstandigheden
 	English: social condition
 	English definition: An existing circumstance, situation or state affecting the life, welfare and relations of human beings in community. (Source: RHW)
 
 sociale omstandigheden
 	English: social framework
 	English definition: The underlying structure that connects and supports the various members and parts of a community or human organization. (Source: RHW)
 
 sociale ongelijkheid
 	English: social inequality
 	English definition: Unequal rewards or opportunities for different individuals within a group or groups within a society. If equality is judged in terms of legal equality, equality of opportunity, or equality of outcome, then inequality is a constant feature of the human condition.
 
 sociale ontwikkeling
 	English: social development
 	English definition: The state of nations and the hystorical processes of change experienced by them. The concept of development subsumes associated cultural and political changes as well as welfare measures which reflect distribution of goods, wealth and opportunities. (Source: GOOD)
 
 sociale participatie
 	English: social participation
 	English definition: Collective, civic action shared and performed by a significant number of the community or general population. (Source: RHW)
 
 sociale proces
 	English: social process
 	English definition: A continuous action, operation, or series of changes taking place in a definite manner and pertaining to the life, welfare, and relations of human beings in a community. (Source: RHW)
 
 sociale psychologie
 	English: social psychology
 	English definition: Study of the effects of social structure on cognition and behavior, of processes of face-to-face interaction, and of the negotiation of social order. (Source: SASW)
 
 sociale structuur
 	English: social structure
 	English definition: A term loosely applied to any recurring pattern of social behaviour; or, more specifically, to the ordered interrelationships between the different elements or a social system or society.
 
 sociale vertegenwoordiging
 	English: social representation
 	English definition: A system of values, ideas and practices established to orient individuals in their community and culture and to provide them with naming, classification and communication codes. (Source: SRD)
 
 sociale verzekering
 	English: social security
 
 sociale voorziening
 	English: social facility
 	English definition: Any structure designed, built or installed to provide space for living or interaction among persons in a community. (Source: RHW)
 
 sociale waarde
 	English: social value
 	English definition: Regarding social values, distinctions are often drawn between values, which are strong, semi permanent, underlying, and sometimes inexplicit dispositions, and attitudes, which are shallow, weakly held, and highly variable views and opinions. Societies can usually tolerate highly diverse attitude, whereas they require some degree of homogeneity and consistency in the values held by people, providing a common fund of shared values which shape social and political consensus. (Source: SOCIOL)
 
 sociale wetenschappen
 	English: social science
 	English definition: The study of society and of the relationship of individual members within society, including economics, history, political science, psychology, anthropology, and sociology. (Source: CED)
 
 socio-culturele groep
 	English: socio-cultural group
 	English definition: A collection of people who interact and share a sense of unity on account of a common ethnic, ancestral, generational or regional identity. (Source: RHW)
 
 socio-economie
 	English: socioeconomics
 	English definition: Economic and social structure of communities, tax rates, characteristic types of development. (Source: PASTU)
 
 socio-economisch effect van biotechnologie
 	English: socioeconomic impact of biotechnologies
 	English definition: Biotechnology is the application of biological and technical solutions to problems, and often refers to the industrial use of microorganisms (perhaps genetically altered) to perform chemical processing, for example of waste or water, or to manufacture hormones or enzymes for medicinal and commercial purposes. Biotechnology offers great potential to increase farm production and food processing efficiency, to lower food costs, to enhance food quality and safety and to increase international competitiveness. (Source: WPR)
 
 socio-economische factor
 	English: socioeconomic factor
 	English definition: An essential element in a society's make-up, organization or behavior that combines financial dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
 
 socio-economische kant van menselijke nederzettingen
 	English: socioeconomic aspect of human settlements
 
 sociologie
 	English: sociology
 	English definition: The study of the development, organization, functioning and classification of human societies. (Source: CED)
 
 sociologisch onderzoek
 	English: social survey
 	English definition: Data collections that employ both interviewing and sampling to produce quantitative data-sets, amenable to computer-based analysis. (Source: SOCIOL)
 
 sociologisch onderzoek
 	English: sociological survey
 	English definition: Research on social questions or problems, especially focusing on cultural and environmental factors. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 sociopolitiek aspect
 	English: sociopolitical aspect
 	English definition: Any part, feature or quality of society that combines governmental dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics. (Source: RHW)
 
 soepele benadering van milieubescherming
 	English: flexible approach to environmental protection
 	English definition: Plans, referred to in various rules as emissions averaging, or flexible compliance plans, allow facilities to undercontrol some emission points that are too costly to control to mandated levels as long as these units are balanced by overcontrolling other emission units that are more cost-effective to control. (Source: ENVAR)
 
 software
 	English: software
 	English definition: Software is the general term used to describe all of the various programs that may be used on a computer system. Software can be divided into four main categories: systems software, development software, user interface software, applications software. (Source: POPTEL)
 
 softwareontwikkeling
 	English: software development
 
 soort
 	English: species
 	English definition: A taxonomic category ranking immediately below a genus and including closely related, morphologically similar individuals which actually or potentially inbreed. (Source: MGH)
 
 soort aanspraak
 	English: type of claim
 	English definition: A class or category of interests or remedies recognized in law or equity that create in the holder a right to the interest or its proceeds, typically taking the form of money, property or privilege. (Source: BLD)
 
 soort aanstelling
 	English: type of tenure
 	English definition: The manner in which land is owned and possessed, i.e. of title to its use. (Source: GOOD)
 
 soort bedrijf
 	English: type of business
 	English definition: The class or category of an enterprise or organization involved in an economy. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 soort bedrijfsvoering
 	English: type of management
 	English definition: The different, specific methods of business administration. (Source: OED)
 
 soort document
 	English: document type
 	English definition: Any one of a number of diverse classes of written, printed or digitized items furnishing information or evidence, and distinguished by content, form or function. (Source: RHW)
 
 soort ecosysteem
 	English: ecosystem type
 	English definition: Ecosystems can be classified according to various criteria: from the point of view of energy source, two major types of ecosystems can be distinguished. Autotrophic ecosystems have primary producers as a principal component and sunlight has the major initial energy source; etherotrophic ecosystems depend upon preformed organic matter that is imported from autotrophic ecosystems elsewhere. Ecosystems can also be classified in terrestrial, marine and freshwater. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 soort energie
 	English: energy type
 	English definition: According to the source, energy can be classified as hydroenergy, solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, waves energy, geothermal energy, etc.. According to the type of fuel used for its production, energy can be classified as nuclear energy, coal derived energy, petroleum derived energy, biomass derived energy, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 soort geluid
 	English: noise type
 
 soort milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution type
 
 soort plantegroei
 	English: vegetation type
 	English definition: A community of plants or plant life that share distinguishable characteristics. (Source: PEM)
 
 soortbescherming
 	English: protection of species
 	English definition: Measures adopted for the safeguarding of species, of their ecosystems and their biodiversity. (Source: ADMIN)
 
 soorten afval
 	English: waste
 	English definition: Material, often unusable, left over from any manufacturing, industrial, agricultural or other human process; Material damaged or altered during a manufacturing process and subsequently left useless. (Source: HMD /  OED)
 
 soorten met aanpassingsvermogen
 	English: adaptable species
 
 soortverarming
 	English: species impoverishment
 	English definition: Loss of species due to factors such as climate change or random events such as persistent drought, natural catastrophe, the emergence of a new predator, or genetic mutation. (Source: WRES)
 
 sorptie
 	English: sorption
 	English definition: The taking up, usually, of a liquid or gas into the body of another material (the absorbent). Thus, for instance, an air pollutant may be removed by absorption in a suitable solvent. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 spaarbekken
 	English: reservoir
 	English definition: An artificial or natural storage place for water, such as a lake or pond, from which the water may be withdrawn as for irrigation, municipal water supply, or flood control. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 spaarbekken
 	English: water reservoir
 	English definition: Artificial or natural area of water, used for storing water for domestic or industrial use. (Source: PHC)
 
 spaarbekken voor overtollig regenwater
 	English: storm water basin
 	English definition: Basin used to hold water which falls as rain during a storm. (Source: RRDA)
 
 spaarzaam energieverbruik
 	English: energy economics
 	English definition: The production, distribution, and consumption of usable power such as fossil fuel, electricity, or solar radiation. (Source: RHW)
 
 spanning
 	English: stress
 	English definition: A stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude as to tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism. (Source: MGH)
 
 spasmodische kroep
 	English: spasmodic croup
 
 speciale vergunning
 	English: special authorisation
 	English definition: An exceptional granting of power or permission or a legislative act authorizing money to be spent on government programs. (Source: RHW)
 
 specialisatie (biologisch)
 	English: specialisation (biological)
 	English definition: Evolutionary adaptation to a particular mode of life or habitat. (Source: LBC)
 
 spectraalband
 	English: spectral band
 	English definition: Closely grouped bands of lines characteristic of molecular gases of chemical compounds (spectroscopy). (Source: DICCHE)
 
 spectroscopie
 	English: spectroscopy
 	English definition: The branch of physics concerned with the production, measurement, and interpretation of electromagnetic spectra arising from either emission or absorption of radiant energy by various substances. (Source: MGH)
 
 speelplaats
 	English: playground
 	English definition: A piece of land used for recreation, especially by children, often including equipment such as swings and slides. (Source: RHW)
 
 spel
 	English: game (play)
 	English definition: An amusement or pastime; diversion. (Source: CED)
 
 spierstelsel
 	English: muscular system
 	English definition: The muscle cells, tissues, and organs that effect movement in all vertebrates. (Source: MGH)
 
 spinnen
 	English: spider
 	English definition: Any predatory silk-producing arachnid of the order Araneae, having four pairs of legs and a rounded unsegmented body consisting of abdomen and cephalothorax. (Source: CED)
 
 splijtstofelement
 	English: nuclear fuel element
 	English definition: A piece of nuclear fuel which has been formed and coated, and is ready to be placed in a reactor fuel assembly. (Source: MGH)
 
 sponsorschap
 	English: sponsorship
 	English definition: A person, firm, organization, etc. that provides or pledges money for an undertaking or event.
 
 sponzen
 	English: poriferan
 	English definition: The sponges, a phylum of the animal kingdom characterized by the presence of canal systems and chambers through which water is drawn in and released; tissues and organs are absent. (Source: MGH)
 
 spoorverkeer
 	English: rail traffic
 	English definition: The movement and circulation of vehicles transporting goods and people on railroad systems. (Source: RRDA)
 
 spoorvervoer
 	English: rail transport
 	English definition: Transportation of goods and persons by railway. (Source: CEDa)
 
 spoorvoertuig
 	English: railroad vehicle
 
 spoorweg
 	English: railway
 	English definition: A permanent track composed of a line of parallel metal rails fixed to sleepers, for transport of passengers and goods in trains. (Source: CED)
 
 spoorwegnet
 	English: railway network
 	English definition: The whole system of railway distribution in a country. (Source: RRDA)
 
 sporenelementen
 	English: trace element
 	English definition: Any of various chemical elements that occur in very small amounts in organisms and are essential for many physiological and biochemical processes. (Source: CED)
 
 sporenmateriaal
 	English: trace material
 	English definition: 1) Both metals and non-metals, essential for the metabolic processes of algae, invertebrates and vertebrates. Organisms that derive nearly all their energy via photosynthesis are especially dependent upon dissolved trace substances.2) Impurities that are present at small but detectable levels. (Source: NATURE /  GEMAIR)
 
 sport
 	English: sport
 	English definition: The complex of individual or group activities pursued for exercise or pleasure, often taking a competitive form. (Source: CED)
 
 sportvoorziening
 	English: sports facility
 	English definition: Buildings, constructions, installations, organized areas and equipment for indoor and outdoor sport activities. (Source: RRDA)
 
 spraak
 	English: speech
 	English definition: An address or form of oral communication in which a speaker makes his thoughts and emotions known before an audience, often for a given purpose. (Source: RHW)
 
 springstof
 	English: explosive
 	English definition: A substance, such as trinitrotoluene, or a mixture, such as gunpowder, that is characterized by chemical stability but may be made to undergo rapid chemical change without an outside source of oxygen, whereupon it produces a large quantity of energy generally accompanied by the evolution of hot gases. (Source: MGH)
 
 sprinkhanen
 	English: grasshopper
 	English definition: A plant-eating insect with long back legs that can jump very high and makes a sharp high noise using its back legs or wings. (Source: CAMB)
 
 spuitasbest
 	English: sprayed asbestos
 	English definition: Asbestos emitted into the atmosphere in a spraying operation.
 
 spuitbus
 	English: spray can
 	English definition: An aerosol can for applying paint, deodorant, etc., as a fine spray. (Source: SHOOX)
 
 spuiten
 	English: spurting
 	English definition: Supplying water or pesticides to crops with a spray. (Source: PHCa)
 
 staal
 	English: steel
 	English definition: Any of various alloys based on iron containing carbon (usually 0.1-0.7 per cent) and often small quantities of other elements such as phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, chromium, and nickel. Steels exhibit a variety of properties, such as strength, machinability, malleability, etc., depending on their composition and the way they have been treated. (Source: CED)
 
 staalnijverheid
 	English: steel industry
 	English definition: Industry that deals with the processing of iron. (Source: RRDA)
 
 staat
 	English: state
 	English definition: A people permanently occupying a fixed territory bound together by common law, habits and custom into one body politic exercising, through the medium of an organized government, independent sovereignty and control over all persons and things within its boundaries, unless or until authority is ceded to a federation or union of other states. (Source: BLD)
 
 staatsbos
 	English: state forest
 	English definition: Forest owned and managed by the State. (Source: WEBSTEa)
 
 staatscontrole
 	English: state control
 	English definition: The power or authority of a government to regulate or command industry, organizations, programs, initiatives and individuals. (Source: RHW)
 
 staatsdomein
 	English: public domain
 	English definition: That which can be accessed, used and shared by the general populace without restrictions, penalties or fees. (Source: RHW)
 
 staatsrecht
 	English: constitutional law
 	English definition: That branch of the public law of a nation or state which treats of the organization, powers and frame of government, the distribution of political and governmental authorities and functions, the fundamental principles which are to regulate the relations of government and citizen and which prescribes generally the plan and method according to which the public affairs of the nation or state are to be administered. (Source: BLACK)
 
 staatsrecht
 	English: municipal law
 	English definition: Broadly, a law or body of laws that pertains solely to the citizens and inhabitants of a state; narrowly, a law or body of laws pertaining to towns, cities, villages and their local governments. (Source: BLD)
 
 stacaravan
 	English: mobile home
 	English definition: Living quarters mounted on wheels and capable of being towed by a motor vehicle. (Source: CED)
 
 stad
 	English: city
 	English definition: Term used generically today to denote any urban form but applied particularly to large urban settlements. There are, however, no agreed definitions to separate a city from the large metropolis or the smaller town. (Source: GOOD)
 
 stadsdruk
 	English: urban stress
 	English definition: A state of bodily or mental tension developed through city living, or the physical, chemical, or emotional factors that give rise to that tension. (Source: MED)
 
 stadsecologie
 	English: urban ecology
 	English definition: Concept derived from biology: the city is viewed as a total environment, as a life-supporting system for the large number of people concentrated there, and within this people organize themselves and adapt to a constantly changing environment. Regarded as the same as human ecology. (Source: GOOD)
 
 stadsgemeenschap
 	English: urban community
 	English definition: Body of people living in a town or city.
 
 stadslandschap
 	English: urban landscape
 	English definition: The traits, patterns and structure of a city's specific geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment and its social patterns. (Source: TOE)
 
 stadslawaai
 	English: urban noise
 	English definition: Noise emitted from various sources in an urban environment.
 
 stadsonderzoek
 	English: urban study
 	English definition: The study and theory of building and other physical needs in cities or predominantly urban cultures. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 stadsontwikkeling
 	English: urban development
 	English definition: Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in metropolitan areas, often involving subdivision into zones; construction or modification of buildings, roads, utilities and other facilities; removal of trees and other obstructions; and population growth and related economic, social and political changes. (Source: CGP / AAG)
 
 stadsplanning en -ontwikkeling
 	English: urban planning and development
 	English definition: The activity or process of preparing for the future arrangement and condition of an urban center, particularly the development of its physical lay-out, which would include the construction, reconstruction, conversion, alteration or enlargement of buildings and other structures, and the extension or use of undeveloped land. (Source: RHW / ELD)
 
 stadsreiniging
 	English: urban sanitation
 	English definition: The renovation or redevelopment of the decaying areas of cities by the demolition or up-grading of existing dwellings and buildings and a general improvement in environmental conditions. (Source: GILP96)
 
 stadsstructuur
 	English: urban structure
 	English definition: The built-up components, the street system and the facilities which make up an urban unit. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 stadstrein
 	English: rapid transit train
 
 stadsuitbreiding
 	English: urban sprawl
 	English definition: The physical pattern of low-density expansion of large urban areas under market conditions into the surrounding agricultural areas. Sprawl lies in advance of the principal lines of urban growth and implies little planning control of land subdivision. Development is patchy, scattered and strung out, with a tendency to discontinuity because it leap-frogs over some areas, leaving agricultural enclaves. (Source: GOOD)
 
 stadsverkeer
 	English: urban traffic
 	English definition: Movements of vehicles and people within a city. (Source: RRDA)
 
 stadsvernieuwing
 	English: urban renewal
 	English definition: A continuing process of remodelling urban areas by means of rehabilitation and conservation as well as redevelopment. Urban renewal programmes are generally undertaken by public authorities and concern those parts of the city which have fallen below current standards of public acceptability. (Source: GOOD)
 
 stadsverval
 	English: urban decay
 	English definition: Condition where part of a city or town becomes old or dirty or ruined, because businesses and wealthy families have moved away from it. (Source: PHC)
 
 stadsvervuiler
 	English: urban pollutant
 
 stadsvervuiling
 	English: urban pollution
 	English definition: Pollution of highly populated areas mainly deriving from motor vehicles, industrial plants, combustion and heating plants, etc. (Source: GREMES)
 
 stadsverwarming
 	English: district heating
 	English definition: The supply of heat, either in the form of steam or hot water, from a central source to a group of buildings. (Source: MGH)
 
 stadsverwarmingsinstallatie
 	English: district heating plant
 	English definition: Plant for heating all houses in a district; it consists of a large, efficient, centralized boiler plant or 'waste' steam from a power station. The heat is distributed by means of low-pressure steam or high-temperature water to the consumers. (Source: PHC /  PORT)
 
 stadsvestiging
 	English: urban settlement
 	English definition: A collection of dwellings located in an urban area. (Source: CEDa)
 
 stadsvoorziening
 	English: urban facility
 	English definition: Supply of essential services to the community, e.g. electricity, gas, water. (Source: GOOD)
 
 stadswater
 	English: urban water
 	English definition: Water destined for private and public use in a town. (Source: RRDA)
 
 stal
 	English: stable
 	English definition: A building or structure usually with stalls that is used to house and feed horses, cattle or other animals. (Source: RHW)
 
 stam
 	English: stock (biological)
 	English definition: A group of individuals of one species within a specified area. (Source: LBC)
 
 standaardisering
 	English: standardisation
 	English definition: The act of conforming to a rule. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 standaardprocedurenorm
 	English: code of practice
 	English definition: A systematic collection of procedures outlining the established method of application of all relevant laws, rules or regulations to a specific endeavor. (Source: BLD)
 
 statiegeldregeling voor verpakking
 	English: arrangement for a deposit on packaging
 	English definition: Agreement to provide refunds or payments in exchange for used bottles or packaging materials. (Source: RHW)
 
 station
 	English: station
 	English definition: A place along a route or line at which a bus, train, etc. stops for fuel or to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. (Source: CED)
 
 statistiek
 	English: statistics
 	English definition: A branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data. (Source: LANDY)
 
 statistische analyse
 	English: statistical analysis
 	English definition: The body of techniques used in statistical inference concerning a population. (Source: MGH)
 
 statistische gegevens
 	English: statistical data
 
 statistische informatie
 	English: statistical information
 	English definition: Knowledge pertaining to the collection, classification, analysis and interpretation of numerical data. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 statistische informatiesysteem
 	English: statistical information system
 	English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources enabling the exchange of numerical data that has been collected, classified or interpreted for analysis. (Source: RHW)
 
 statistische reeks
 	English: statistical series
 	English definition: An ordered sequence of data samples in numerical form used to predict or demonstrate trends through time and space. (Source: RHW / APD)
 
 status van de vrouw
 	English: woman's status
 	English definition: The social position, rank or relative importance of women in society.
 
 stedelijk actieplan
 	English: urban action program
 	English definition: A planned, coordinated group of activities or services intended for improving urban centers in order to provide healthy and safe living conditions, efficient transport and communication, adequate public facilities and aesthetic surroundings. (Source: RHW / INP)
 
 stedelijk afvalwater
 	English: urban wastewater
 	English definition: The liquid wastes deriving from domestic, commercial and industrial activities of an urban settlement. (Source: RRDA)
 
 stedelijk beheer
 	English: urban management
 	English definition: The administration, organization and planning performed for cities or towns, particularly the process of converting farmland or undeveloped land into offices, businesses, housing and other forms of development. (Source: DOE)
 
 stedelijk beleid
 	English: urban policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which seeks to improve or develop cities or towns through land use planning, water resource management, central city development, policing and criminal justice, or pollution control. (Source: MGHME)
 
 stedelijk ecosysteem
 	English: urban ecosystem
 	English definition: Towns and cities viewed as ecosystems, having an input of matter and energy, recycling within the system, and an output of matter and energy into the surroundings. (Source: GILP96)
 
 stedelijk gebied
 	English: urban area
 	English definition: Areas within the legal boundaries of cities and towns; suburban areas developed for residential, industrial or recreational purposes. (Source: LANDY)
 
 stedelijk groeipatroon
 	English: pattern of urban growth
 	English definition: The combination of acts, tendencies and other observable characteristics that demonstrates a municipal area's progress or state of development, including its population trends. (Source: RHW)
 
 stedelijk groen
 	English: urban green
 	English definition: The complex of private and public gardens in an urban area. (Source: DIFID)
 
 stedelijk leefmilieu, stedelijke druk
 	English: urban environment, urban stress
 
 stedelijke bevolking
 	English: urban population
 	English definition: The total number of persons inhabiting a city, metropolitan region or any area where the sum of residents exceeds a designated amount. (Source: RHW)
 
 stedelijke concentratie
 	English: urban concentration
 	English definition: A process in which an increasing proportion of a country's population is concentrated in urban areas. (Source: GOOD)
 
 stedelijke habitat
 	English: urban habitat
 	English definition: The resulting effects and interrelationships of human population concentrations, the built environment, and the biophysical environment. (Source: UNUN)
 
 stedelijke ontwikkelingsdocument
 	English: urban development document
 	English definition: A written or printed text furnishing proposals or procedures for the improvement of living conditions, especially housing, for the inhabitants of a city or densely populated area. (Source: RHW)
 
 stedelijke ontwikkelingswet
 	English: urban development law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to regulate public services and the competing claims of residential, commercial and industrial interests in municipal areas generally characterized by moderate to high population density. (Source: CGP)
 
 stedelijke planning
 	English: urban planning
 	English definition: The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future lay-out and condition of a city or town. (Source: RHW)
 
 stedelijke stromen (hulpbronnen)
 	English: urban flows (resources)
 
 stedelijke vormgeving
 	English: urban design
 	English definition: A plan, outline or preliminary sketch of, or for, a city or town. (Source: ISEP)
 
 stedelijke watervoorziening
 	English: urban water supply
 	English definition: The distribution of water, including collection, treatment and storage, for use in a town, city or municipal area, and used generally for domestic and industrial needs. (Source: WWC)
 
 steekproef
 	English: random test
 	English definition: Tests which do not always yield the same result when repeated under the same conditions. (Source: MGH)
 
 steen
 	English: stone
 	English definition: A general term for rock that is used in construction, either crushed for use as aggregate or cut into shaped blocks as dimension stone. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 steenkool
 	English: black coal
 	English definition: A natural black graphitelike material used as a fuel, formed from fossilized plants and consisting of amorphous carbon with various organic and some inorganic compounds. (Source: AMHER)
 
 steenkool
 	English: coal
 	English definition: The natural, rocklike, brown to black derivative of forest-type plant material, usually accumulated in peat beds and progressively compressed and indurated until it is finally altered in to graphite-like material. (Source: MGH)
 
 steenkoolcentrale
 	English: coal-fired power plant
 	English definition: Power plant which is fuelled by coal. (Source: CAMB)
 
 steenkoolenergie
 	English: coal-based energy
 	English definition: Power generated by the steam raised by burning coal in fire-tube or water-tube boilers. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 steenkoolindustrie
 	English: coal industry
 	English definition: Industry related with the technical and mechanical activity of removing coal from the earth and preparing it for market. (Source: MGH)
 
 steenkooliquefactie
 	English: coal liquefaction
 	English definition: The process of preparing a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons by destructive distillation of coal. (Source: MGH)
 
 steenkoolmijnbouw
 	English: coal mining
 	English definition: The technical and mechanical job of removing coal from the earth and preparing it for market. (Source: MGH)
 
 steenkoolvergassing
 	English: coal gasification
 	English definition: Process of conversion of coal to a gaseous product which is used as fuel in electric power stations. (Source: ECSK)
 
 steenwol
 	English: rock wool
 	English definition: A generic term for felted or matted fibers manufactured by blowing or spinning threads of molten rock, slag, or glass. The material is used for thermal insulation. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 stek [planten]
 	English: cutting (vegetative propagation)
 	English definition: In plant propagation, young shoots or stems removed for the purpose of growing new plants by vegetatively rooting the cuttings. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 stekelhuidigen
 	English: echinoderm
 	English definition: Marine coelomate animals distinguished from all others by an internal skeleton composed of calcite plates, and a water-vascular system to serve the needs of locomotion, respiration, nutrition or perception. (Source: MGH)
 
 stemming
 	English: voting
 	English definition: The act of formally expressing an opinion or choice in some matter or for some candidate, usually by voice or  ballot. (Source: CIV)
 
 sterfte
 	English: mortality
 	English definition: The number of deaths occurring in a given population for a given period of time. (Source: MGH)
 
 sterilisatie
 	English: sterilisation (biological)
 	English definition: Procedure by which a human or other animal is made incapable of reproduction. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 steriliseren
 	English: sterilisation (process)
 	English definition: An act or process of destroying all forms of microbial life on and in an object. (Source: MGH)
 
 steroide
 	English: steroid
 	English definition: A compound composed of a series of four carbon rings joined together to form a structural unit called cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. (Source: MGH)
 
 stijgende zeespiegel
 	English: rising sea level
 	English definition: Sea level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the ocean increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps. By the year 3000, the seas could rise between one and two metres. Such an event would clearly threaten low-lying areas, particularly in Asia, where million of people live and farm on river deltas and flood plains. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 stikstof
 	English: nitrogen
 	English definition: An essential nutrient in the food supply of plants and the diets of animals. Animals obtain it in nitrogen-containing compounds, particularly amino acids. Although the atmosphere is nearly 80% gaseous nitrogen, very few organisms have the ability to use it in this form. The higher plants normally obtain it from the soil after micro-organisms have converted the nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates, which they can then absorb. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 stikstofbinding
 	English: nitrogen fixation
 	English definition: Assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by a variety of microorganisms which live freely in soil. Once the nitrogen has been captured by one of the microorganisms, there are many different routes by which it is handled. Some is retained in the soil as decomposing plant matter, waiting to be released and taken up by new crops as a nitrate. That nitrate is produced by nitrifying bacteria living in the soil that thrive on ammonia, which is produced by decaying plant and animal material. In processing nitrogen the nitrifying bacteria produce nitrate that can be absorbed by the roots of plants. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 stikstofdioxide
 	English: nitrogen dioxide
 	English definition: A reddish-brown gas; it exists in varying degrees of concentration in equilibrium with other nitrogen oxides; used to produce nitric acid. (Source: MGH)
 
 stikstofkringloop
 	English: nitrogen cycle
 	English definition: The complex set of processes by which crops acquire the large amount of nitrogen they need to make proteins, nucleic acids and other biochemicals of which they are composed, and how the nitrogen returns to the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 stikstofmest(stof)
 	English: nitrogenous fertiliser
 	English definition: Fertilizer materials, natural or synthesized, containing nitrogen available for fixation by vegetation, such as potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate. (Source: MGH)
 
 stikstofmonoxide
 	English: nitrogen monoxide
 	English definition: A colourless gas, soluble in water, ethanol and ether. It is formed in many reactions involving the reduction of nitric acid, but more convenient reactions for the preparation of reasonably pure NO are reactions of sodium nitrite, sulphuric acid, etc. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 stikstofoxide
 	English: nitrogen oxide
 	English definition: A colorless gas that, at room temperature, reacts withoxygen to form nitrogen dioxide; may be used to form other compounds. (Source: MGH)
 
 stikstofoxiden
 	English: nitrogen oxides
 	English definition: Oxides formed and released in all common types of combustion; they are formed by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Introduced into the atmosphere from car exhausts, furnace stacks, incinerators, power stations and similar sources, the oxides include nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen pentoxide and nitric acid. The oxides of nitrogen undergo many reactions in the atmosphere to form photochemical smog. (Source: GILP96)
 
 stikstofverbinding
 	English: nitro compound
 	English definition: Any one of a class of usually organic compounds that contain the monovalent group, -NO2 (nitro group or radical) linked to a carbon atom. (Source: CED)
 
 stille technologie
 	English: noise-free technology
 	English definition: Sound is radiated both as air-borne and as structure-borne; most sources produce both, thus various noise attenuation principles must be employed. Measures include: the replacement of components with quieter parts and material; the enclosure of particularly noisy components; the selection of quieter types of fan; the replacement of noisy compressed-air nozzles with quieter types; the choice of quieter transmission and cooling systems. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 stimuleringsbelasting
 	English: incentive tax
 
 stimuleringsfonds
 	English: incentive fund
 	English definition: Money or financial resources set aside to stimulate, encourage, or incite action towards greater productivity. (Source: RHW)
 
 stof
 	English: dust
 	English definition: Any kind of solid material divided in particles of very small size. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 stofbalans
 	English: balance of matter
 	English definition: A calculation to inventory material inputs versus outputs in a process system. (Source: MGH)
 
 stofgedrag
 	English: behaviour of substances
 	English definition: Reactivity of a compound depending on the structure of the molecules. (Source: RRDA)
 
 stofuitstoot
 	English: dust immission
 
 stofverwijdering
 	English: dust removal
 	English definition: The removal of dust from air by ventilation or exhaust systems. (Source: KOREN)
 
 stofwisseling
 	English: metabolism
 	English definition: All the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism, comprising both anabolism and catabolism. Basal metabolism is the energy exchange of an animal at rest. Catabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. Catabolism is the breaking down by organisms of complex molecules into simpler ones with the liberation of energy. (Source: ALL)
 
 stofwisseling van bestrijdingsmiddelen
 	English: metabolism of pesticides
 	English definition: The sum of chemical reactions, including both synthesis and breakdown, that occurs in substances or mixtures intended to prevent, destroy or mitigate pests that are directly or indirectly detrimental to harvest crops and other humans interests. (Source: SOI / TOE / IPC / DOE)
 
 stofwisselingsproduct
 	English: metabolite
 	English definition: A product of intermediary metabolism. (Source: MGH)
 
 stolling
 	English: coagulation
 	English definition: A separation or precipitation from a dispersed state of suspensoid particles resulting from their growth; may result from prolonged heating, addition of an electrolyte, or from a condensation reaction between solute and solvent. (Source: MGH)
 
 stookolie
 	English: fuel oil
 	English definition: A liquid product burned to generate heat, exclusive of oils with a flash point below 38degC; includes heating oils, stove oils, furnace oils, bunker fuel oils. (Source: MGH)
 
 stoomgenerator
 	English: steam generator
 	English definition: A pressurized system in which water is vaporized to steam by heat transferred from a source of higher temperature, usually the products of combustion from burning fuels. Also known as steam boiler. (Source: MGH)
 
 storend geluid
 	English: noise pollutant
 	English definition: Noise in the environment which can be harmful to human beings, animals and plants. (Source: ISEP)
 
 storm
 	English: storm
 	English definition: An atmospheric disturbance involving perturbations of the prevailing pressure and wind fields on scales ranging from tornadoes to extratropical cyclones; also the associated weather and the like. (Source: MGH)
 
 stormschade
 	English: storm damage
 	English definition: Storms may cause flooding and damage to crops; uproot trees; damage roofs and chimneys; break windows, leading to rain damage; overturn trucks; affect transportation, communication and energy supplies; delay building construction and destroy traditional landmarks. In their more violent form, storms may cause severe damage and loss of life. (Source: WPR)
 
 storten
 	English: dumping
 	English definition: The discarding of waste in any manner, often without regard to environmental control. (Source: RHW / ERG)
 
 storten in de oceaan
 	English: ocean dumping
 	English definition: The process by which pollutants, including sewage, industrial waste, consumer waste, and agricultural and urban runoff are discharged into the world's oceans. These pollutants arise from a myriad of sources.
 
 storten van afval
 	English: waste dumping
 	English definition: The disposal of solid wastes without environmental controls. (Source: LANDYa)
 
 storten van afval in de bodem
 	English: waste disposal in the ground
 	English definition: The planned discharge, deposit or burial of refuse or other unserviceable material into the surface of the earth, as in a landfill. (Source: OED / LIV / CTC)
 
 storten van afval op de zeebodem
 	English: sinking of waste
 	English definition: A manner of waste disposal in which refuse or unwanted material is dumped or submerged beneath the surface of a body of water. (Source: RHW)
 
 stortgas
 	English: landfill gas
 	English definition: Landfill gas is generated in landfill sites by the anaerobic decomposition of domestic refuse (municipal solid waste). It consists of a mixture of gases and is colourless with an offensive odour due to the traces of organosulphur compounds. Aside for its unpleasantness, it is highly dangerous as methane is explosive in concentrations in air between 5 per cent, the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), and the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) of 15 per cent. Landfill gas must be controlled at all operational landfill sites, whether actively or passively vented or both especially in the case of deep sites. (Source: PORT)
 
 stortplaats van uitgegraven grond
 	English: spoil dump
 	English definition: Place where rubbish and waste minerals dug out of a mine are deposited. (Source: CED /  PHC)
 
 stortplaats voor gevaarlijk afval
 	English: hazardous waste dump
 	English definition: Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed in or on land. Properly designed and operated landfills are lined to prevent leakage and contain systems to collect potentially contaminated surface water run-off. (Source: PARCOR /  WPR)
 
 straatreiniging
 	English: street cleaning
 	English definition: The process of removing dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from city or town streets. (Source: ISEP)
 
 straf
 	English: sanction
 
 straf
 	English: penal sanction
 	English definition: Punishment for the commission of a specific crime, such as fines, restitution, probation and imprisonment. (Source: BLD)
 
 strafrecht
 	English: criminal law
 	English definition: That body of the law that deals with conduct considered so harmful to society as a whole that it is prohibited by statute, prosecuted and punished by the government. (Source: DUHA)
 
 strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid
 	English: criminal liability
 
 strafrechtelijke procedure
 	English: criminal law procedure
 	English definition: The rules of law governing the procedure by which crimes are investigated, prosecuted, adjudicated, and punish. (Source: BLACK)
 
 straling
 	English: radiation
 	English definition: Emission of any rays from either natural or man-made origins, such as radio waves, the sun's rays, medical X-rays and the fall-out and nuclear wastes produced by nuclear weapons and nuclear energy production. Radiation is usually divided between non-ionizing radiation, such as thermal radiation (heat) and light, and nuclear radiation. Non-ionizing radiation includes ultraviolet radiation from the sun which, although it can damage cells and tissues, does not involve the ionization events of nuclear radiation. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 straling
 	English: radiations
 
 stralingbeschermingswet
 	English: radiation protection law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by  government to establish measures to keep humans and natural resources safe from harmful exposure to energy waves released by nuclear materials, electromagnetic current and other sources. (Source: MHD)
 
 stralingsbescherming
 	English: radiation protection
 	English definition: Precautionary actions, measures or equipment implemented to guard or defend people, property and natural resources from the harmful effects of ionizing energy. (Source: MHD / RHW)
 
 stralingsdosis
 	English: radiation dose
 	English definition: The total amount of radiation absorbed by material or tissues, in the sense of absorbed dose, exposure dose, or dose equivalent. (Source: MGH)
 
 stralingseffect
 	English: radiation effect
 	English definition: Prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation from various sources can be harmful. Nuclear radiation from fallout from nuclear weapons or from power stations, background radiation from substances naturally present in the soil, exposure to X-rays can cause radiation sickness. Massive exposure to radiation can kill quickly and any person exposed to radiation is more likely to develop certain types of cancer than other members of the population. (Source: PHC)
 
 stralingsfysica
 	English: radiation physics
 	English definition: The study of ionizing radiation and its effects on matter. (Source: MGH)
 
 stralingsmeting
 	English: radiation monitoring
 	English definition: The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the level of radiant energy present in a given area, to determine that its prescribed amount has not been exceeded or that it meets acceptable safety standards. (Source: TOE / OMD)
 
 stralingsschade
 	English: radiation damage
 	English definition: Somatic and genetic damage to living organisms caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. (Source: GUNN)
 
 stralingsziekte
 	English: radiation sickness
 	English definition: The complex of symptoms characterizing the disease known as radiation injury, resulting from excessive exposure of the whole body (or large part) to ionizing radiation. The earliest of these symptoms are nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may be followed by loss of hair (epilation), hemorrhage, inflammation of the mouth and throat, and general loss of energy. (Source: TDH)
 
 strand
 	English: beach
 	English definition: The unconsolidated material that covers a gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic from (such as a cliff), or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest storm waves); a shore of body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel, and lacking a bare rocky surface. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 stranden
 	English: beaching
 	English definition: The washing ashore of whales or other cetaceans that have died for natural causes, or because of highly polluted sea water or after being trapped in drift nets. (Source: WPRa)
 
 strandreiniging
 	English: beach cleansing
 	English definition: The process of removing dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from shore line property or surrounding areas. (Source: ISEP)
 
 strandwal
 	English: barrier beach
 	English definition: An elongated sand or shingle bank which lies parallel to the coastline and is not submerged by the tide. If it is high enough to permit dune growth it is termed a barrier island. (Source: WHIT)
 
 stratificatie-omkering (limnologie)
 	English: overturn (limnology)
 	English definition: The circulation, especially in the fall and spring, of the layers of water in a lake or sea, whereby surface water sinks and mixes with bottom water; it is caused by changes in density differences due to changes in temperature, and is especially common wherever lakes are icebound in winter. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 stratosfeer
 	English: stratosphere
 	English definition: The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 strijd
 	English: conflict
 	English definition: A state of opposition or disagreement between ideas, interests, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 strijdkrachten
 	English: armed forces
 	English definition: The military units of a state, typically divided by their differing contexts of operations, such as the army, navy, air force and marines. (Source: RHW)
 
 stromend water
 	English: flowing water
 	English definition: Moving waters like rivers and streams. (Source: LANDY)
 
 strontium
 	English: strontium
 	English definition: A soft silvery-white element of the alkaline earth group of metals, occurring chiefly as celestite and as strontianite. Its compounds burn with a crimson flame and are used in fire works. (Source: CED)
 
 strooiapparaat (v. stalmest of tuinafval)
 	English: shredder
 	English definition: A size-reduction machine which tears or grinds materials to a smaller and more uniform particle size. Shredding process is also called size reduction, grinding, milling, comminution, pulverisation, hogging, granulating, breaking, chipping, crushing, cutting, rasping. (Source: LEE)
 
 strooisellaag
 	English: mulch
 	English definition: A layer of organic material applied to the surface of the ground to retain moisture; mulching is the spreading of leaves, straw or other loose material on the ground to prevent erosion, evaporation or freezing of plant roots. (Source: GILP96)
 
 stroom
 	English: flow
 	English definition: The forward continuous movement of a fluid through closed or open channels or conduits. (Source: MGH)
 
 stroom van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant flow
 	English definition: The forward continuous motion or diffusion of polluting substances, or the rate or quantity in which polluting substances move from one place to another. (Source: MHD / WWC)
 
 stroomgebied
 	English: catchment area
 	English definition: 1) An area from which surface runoff is carried away by a single drainage system.2) The area of land bounded by watersheds draining into a river, basin or reservoir. (Source: LANDY /  CED)
 
 stroomgebied
 	English: catchment
 	English definition: A structure in which water is collected. (Source: CED)
 
 stroomgeulvorming
 	English: river channelling
 	English definition: The alteration of a natural stream by excavation, realignment, lining or other means to accelerate the flow of water. (Source: LANDY)
 
 stropen
 	English: poaching
 	English definition: To catch game, fish, etc. illegally by trespassing on private property. (Source: CED)
 
 structureel herstelprogramma
 	English: structural adjustment program
 	English definition: A program for economic reforms aimed at improving or liberalizing an economy, which is advocated and imposed by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on poor or developing countries in exchange for new loans. (Source: LCC / OXF / BWP)
 
 structuur van de dampkring
 	English: atmospheric structure
 	English definition: The gaseous area surrounding the planet is divided into several concentric spherical strata (layers, like shells) separated by narrow transition zones. The boundaries are know as 'pause'. More than 99% of the total atmospheric mass is concentrated in the first 40 km from the Earth's surface. Atmospheric layers are characterized by differences in chemical composition that produce variations in temperature. (Source: KSW)
 
 structuur-activiteitsrelatie
 	English: structure-activity relationship
 	English definition: The association between a chemical structure and carcinogenicity. (Source: KOREN)
 
 structuurplan
 	English: structure plan
 	English definition: Metropolitan structure and land use plan intended to outline the general lines along which development should proceed in an area. (Source: ECHO1 /  GOOD)
 
 stuifmeel
 	English: pollen
 	English definition: Microspores of seed-producing plants. Each pollen grain contains a much-reduced male gametophyte. Pollen grains are transferred by wind, water, birds or other animals. (Source: ALL)
 
 stuurmanskunst
 	English: navigation
 	English definition: The science or art of conducting ships or aircraft from one place to another, esp. the method of determining position, course, and distance travelled over the surface of the earth by the principles of geometry and astronomy and by reference to devices (as radar beacons or instruments) designed as aids. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 stuwdam
 	English: storage dam
 	English definition: A barrier of concrete, earth, etc., built across a river to create a body of water. (Source: CED)
 
 stuwmeer
 	English: artificial lake
 	English definition: Lakes created behind manmade barriers. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 stuwmeer
 	English: retaining reservoir
 	English definition: Basin used to hold water in storage. (Source: MGH)
 
 subsidie
 	English: subsidy
 	English definition: Any monetary grant made by the government to a private industrial undertaking or charitable organization, but especially one given to consumers or producers in order to lower the market price of some service or product and make it readily affordable to the public. (Source: MGHME / RHW)
 
 substraatteelt
 	English: substrate cultivation
 
 subtropisch ecosysteem
 	English: subtropical ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions bordering on the tropics or the regions between tropical and temperate zones. (Source: TOE / DOE / RHW)
 
 suiker
 	English: sugar (product)
 	English definition: A sweet crystalline or powdered substance, white when pure, consisting of sucrose obtained mainly from sugar cane and sugar beets and used in many foods, drinks, and medicines to improve their taste. (Source: AMHER)
 
 suikerindustrie
 	English: sugar industry
 	English definition: Establishments primarily engaged in processing raw cane sugar, sugar beets or starches to finished sucrose, glucose or fructose. By-products of this industry include beet pulp and inedible molasses. (Source: PGE)
 
 sulfaten
 	English: sulphate
 	English definition: A salt or ester of sulfuric acid, widely distributed in nature and often found in the atmosphere. (Source: INP)
 
 sulfide
 	English: sulphide
 	English definition: Any compound that includes one or more sulfur atoms with a more electropositive element, either carbon, metal or some other nonoxygen atom. (Source: RHW / MHD)
 
 supersone knal
 	English: sonic boom
 	English definition: A noise caused by a shock wave that emanates from an aircraft or other object traveling at or above sonic velocity. (Source: MGH)
 
 symbiose
 	English: symbiosis
 	English definition: A close and mutually beneficial association of organisms of different species. (Source: ALL)
 
 synecologie
 	English: synecology
 	English definition: Study of the ecology of organisms, populations, communities or systems. (Source: LBC)
 
 synergetisch effect van giftige stoffen
 	English: synergistic effect of toxic substances
 	English definition: 1) A state in which the combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of the separate effects. 2) An effect whereby two toxic substance together have more of an impact than anticipated. (Source: PORT /  GILP96)
 
 synergisme
 	English: synergism
 	English definition: An ecological association in which the physiological processes of behaviour of an individual are enhanced by the nearby presence of another organism. (Source: MGH)
 
 synthetisch detergent
 	English: synthetic detergent
 	English definition: An artificially produced solid or liquid cleansing substance that acts like soap but is stronger, and is capable of dissolving oily materials and dispersing them in water. (Source: DOE / RIC)
 
 systeem voor de verdeling van energie
 	English: energy distribution system
 	English definition: Any publicly or privately organized setup in which usable power such as electricity is delivered to homes and businesses. (Source: RHW)
 
 systeemanalyse
 	English: systems analysis
 	English definition: A means of organizing elements into an integrated analytic and/or decisionmaking procedure to achieve the best possible results. (Source: LANDY)
 
 systeemtheorie
 	English: systems theory
 	English definition: The science concerned with the general study of structures and behaviours of systems which may be applicable in different branches of learning. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 systeemvergelijking
 	English: systems comparison
 	English definition: Analysis or estimate noting similarities and differences in the operations of businesses and organizations. (Source: ISEP /  OED)
 
 tabak
 	English: tobacco
 
 tabaksrook
 	English: tobacco smoke
 	English definition: The grey, brown, or blackish mixture of gases and suspended carbon particles resulting from the combustion of tobacco. Tobacco smoke is inhaled and distributes toxins widely throughout the body and causes an enormous variety of illness among users and among non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke.
 
 tankauto
 	English: tanker (truck)
 	English definition: A truck designed for bulk shipment of liquids or gases.
 
 tankschip
 	English: tanker (ship)
 	English definition: A ship designed for bulk shipment of liquids or gases.
 
 tankstation
 	English: filling station
 	English definition: A place where petrol and other supplies for motorists are sold. (Source: CED)
 
 tarief
 	English: tariff
 	English definition: A classified list or scale of charges made in any private or public business. (Source: OED)
 
 taxonomie
 	English: taxonomy
 	English definition: The branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structures, origin, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 te volgen (of gevolgde) weg
 	English: trajectory
 	English definition: The path described by an object moving in air or space under the influence of such forces as thrust, wind resistance, and gravity, especially the curved path of a projectile. (Source: CED)
 
 techniek
 	English: engineering
 	English definition: The science by which the properties of matter and the sources of power in nature are made useful to humans in structures, machines, and products. (Source: MGH)
 
 technisch onderrichting
 	English: technical instruction
 	English definition: The education, instruction, or discipline pertaining to or connected with the mechanical or industrial arts and the applied sciences. (Source: RHW)
 
 technische informatie
 	English: technical information
 	English definition: Factual data, knowledge or instructions relating to scientific research or the development, testing, evaluation, production, use or maintenance of equipment. (Source: RHW / MHD)
 
 technische richtlijn
 	English: technical regulation
 	English definition: A government or management prescribed rule that provides detailed or stringent requirements, either directly or by referring to or incorporating the content of a standard, technical specification or code of practice. (Source: PVG)
 
 technische voorzieningen van gebouwen
 	English: building service
 	English definition: The aggregation of services, including construction, development, maintenance and leasing, performed for human-occupied properties, such as office buildings and apartment houses. (Source: PBS)
 
 technologie
 	English: technology
 	English definition: Systematic knowledge of and its application to industrial processes; closely related to engineering and science. (Source: MGH)
 
 technologie voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution control technology
 	English definition: Methods used to reduce the amount of contaminants discharged from a source. (Source: PATHUL)
 
 technologie-aanvaarding
 	English: technology acceptance
 	English definition: The approval, favorable reception and ongoing use of newly introduced devices and systems, usually developed from recent advances in the engineering sciences or industrial arts. (Source: RHW)
 
 technologiebeoordeling
 	English: technology assessment
 	English definition: The systematic analysis of the anticipated impact of a particular technology in regard to its safety and efficacy as well as its social, political, economic, and ethical consequences. (Source: KOREN)
 
 technologie-overdracht
 	English: technology transfer
 	English definition: The transfer of development and design work: a) from a parent company to a subsidiary, perhaps in another nation where it will be paid for in repatriated profits or royalties; b) from one country to another as a form of aid to help promote development and sustainable growth. Many nations have made great progress on the strength of technology transfer. (Source: GILP96)
 
 technologisch gevaar
 	English: technological hazard
 	English definition: Any application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce capable of harming persons, property or the environment. (Source: ISEP /  FFD)
 
 technologisch ongeluk
 	English: technological accident
 	English definition: An unexpected incident, failure or loss occurring through the application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce that poses potential harm to persons, property or the environment. (Source: HMD / ISEP)
 
 technologisch proces
 	English: technological process
 
 technologische ontwikkeling
 	English: technological development
 
 technologische verandering
 	English: technological change
 	English definition: Changing of industrial methods by introducing new technology. (Source: PHC)
 
 teelt
 	English: cultivation
 	English definition: The practice of growing and nurturing plants outside of their wild habitat (i.e., in gardens, nurseries, arboreta). (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 teeltmethode
 	English: cultivation method
 	English definition: Any procedure or approach used to prepare land or soil for the growth of new crops, or to promote or improve the growth of existing crops. (Source: RHW / AGP)
 
 teer
 	English: tar
 	English definition: A viscous material composed of complex, high-molecular-weight, compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. (Source: MGH)
 
 teer zand
 	English: tar sand
 	English definition: A sandstone in which hydrocarbons have been trapped; the lighter compounds evaporate, leaving a residue of asphalt in the rock pores. (Source: CED)
 
 teergebruik
 	English: tar use
 	English definition: Any employment or utilization of dark, heavy, viscous substances or residue derived from the distillation of certain organic materials, often to produce benzene, soap, dyes, cosmetics and other products. (Source: ENC)
 
 teerproductie
 	English: tar production
 	English definition: The manufacture of dark, heavy, viscous substances or residue, which is obtained by the distillation of organic materials such as coal, wood and petroleum. (Source: ENC)
 
 tegenstrijdig gebruik
 	English: conflicting use
 
 tegenstrijdigheid van (streef)doelen
 	English: conflict of aims
 
 tekening
 	English: drawing
 	English definition: To cause to discharge from an abscess or wound or to obtain a sample of tissue or organic liquid for examination. (Source: CEDa)
 
 tektoniek
 	English: tectonics
 	English definition: A branch of geology dealing with the broad architecture of the outer part of the Earth, that is, the regional assembling of structural or deformation features, a study of their mutual relations, origin and historical evolution. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 telecommunicatie
 	English: telecommunications
 	English definition: The conveyance of images, speech and other sounds, usually over great distances, through technological means, particularly by television, telegraph, telephone or radio. (Source: RHW)
 
 telematica
 	English: telematics
 	English definition: The convergence of computing and communications technologies, thus the use of telephone or radio to link computers and the use of computers to send messages via telephone or radio links. (Source: NECTAR)
 
 telemetrie
 	English: telemetry
 	English definition: The use of radio waves, telephone lines, etc., to transmit the readings of measuring instruments to a device on which the readings can be indicated or recorded. (Source: CED)
 
 televisie
 	English: television
 	English definition: The process, equipment or programming involved in converting a succession of audiovisual images into corresponding electrical signals that are transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves to distant receivers or screens, at which the signals can be used to reproduce the original image. (Source: MHD)
 
 televisieprogramma
 	English: television programme
 	English definition: A performance or production transmitted in audiovisual signals with electromagnetic waves. (Source: MHD)
 
 temperatuur
 	English: temperature
 	English definition: A property that determines the direction of heat flow when an object is brought into thermal contact with other objects: heat flows from regions of higher to those of lower temperatures. (Source: PITT)
 
 tentoonstellen
 	English: exhibit
 	English definition: A display of an object or collection of objects for general dissemination of information, aesthetic value or entertainment. (Source: RHW)
 
 ter plaatse
 	English: in situ
 	English definition: In the natural or normal place. (Source: KOREN)
 
 teratogeen
 	English: teratogen
 	English definition: Substances causing formation of a congenital anomaly or monstrosity in the embryo. (Source: MGH)
 
 teratogene stoffen
 	English: teratogenic substance
 	English definition: Substances capable of causing abnormal development of the embryo and congenital malformations. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 teratogenese
 	English: teratogenesis
 	English definition: The process whereby abnormalities of the offspring are generated, usually as the result of damage to the embryonal structure during the first trimester of pregnancy, producing deformity of the fetus. (Source: CONFER)
 
 teratogeniteit
 	English: teratogenicity
 	English definition: The ability or tendency to produce anomalies of formation.
 
 termieten
 	English: termite
 	English definition: A soft-bodied insect of the order Isoptera; individuals feed on cellulose and live in colonies with a caste system comprising three types of functional individuals: sterile workers and soldiers, and the reproductives. Also known as white ant. (Source: MGH)
 
 terminologie
 	English: terminology
 	English definition: The body of specialized words relating to a particular subject. (Source: CED)
 
 terraslandschap
 	English: terraced landscape
 	English definition: Landscape resulting from the method of cultivating land by cutting terraces or benches into slopes to create areas of flat land. The practice is common in mountainous areas where land is scarce and rainfall uncertain. (Source: GOODa)
 
 terrastuin
 	English: terraced garden
 
 terreinsanering
 	English: land reclamation
 	English definition: Making land capable of more intensive use by changing its general character, as by drainage of excessively wet land; irrigation of arid or semiarid land; or recovery of submerged land from seas, lakes and rivers. (Source: LANDY)
 
 terreinwagen
 	English: all-terrain vehicle
 	English definition: A land carriage so constructed that it can be used on any kind of road or rough terrain and can be operated for many purposes, such as carrying goods, transporting the injured, conveying passengers, etc. (Source: ECHO1)
 
 terrestrisch gebied
 	English: terrestrial area
 	English definition: Subdivisions of the continental surfaces distinguished from one another on the basis of the form, roughness, and surface composition of the land. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 tertiaire behandeling
 	English: tertiary treatment
 	English definition: The process which remove pollutants not adequately removed by secondary treatment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus; accomplished by means of sand filters, microstraining, or other methods (referring to wastewater treatment). (Source: WQA)
 
 tertiaire sector
 	English: tertiary sector
 	English definition: The part of a country or region's economy that produces services or assets lacking a tangible and storable form. (Source: ODE)
 
 terug naar de natuur
 	English: return to nature
 
 terugdringen van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollutant reduction
 	English definition: All measures aimed at reducing pollutants often through physical or chemical removal of toxic, or potentially toxic, materials. (Source: ISEP /  FFD)
 
 terugneembare verpakking
 	English: returnable container
 	English definition: Container whose return from the consumer or final user is assured by specific means (separate collection, deposits, etc.), independently on its final destination, in order to be reused, recovered or subjected to specific waste management operations. (Source: PORTa)
 
 terugwinning van olieresten
 	English: oil residue recuperation
 	English definition: The recovery of oil that is leftover or left behind, usually following the primary containment operations for an oil spill. (Source: OED)
 
 terugwinning van oplosmiddelen
 	English: solvent recovery
 	English definition: Solvent recovery is a widely practised form of recycling where spent solvents are distilled and reused. However, the cheaper solvents are often incinerated or dumped in hazardous waste landfill sites. (Source: PORT)
 
 test
 	English: test
 	English definition: To carry out an examination on (a substance, material, or system) by applying some chemical or physical procedure designed to indicate the presence of a substance or the possession of a property. (Source: CED)
 
 test van het kankerverwekkend zijn
 	English: carcinogenicity test
 	English definition: Test for assessing if a chemical or physical agent increases the risk of cancer. The three major ways of testing for carcinogens are animals tests, epidemiological studies and bacterial tests. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 testen op mutageniteit
 	English: mutagenicity testing
 	English definition: Testing the property of a substance of being able to induce genetic mutation. (Source: CONFERa)
 
 testen van materialen
 	English: testing of materials
 	English definition: The complex of tests performed in order to ascertain the characteristics and behaviour of materials; they are classified in physical and chemical tests, mechanical tests and technological tests. (Source: DIZSCT /  MGH)
 
 testen van plantenbeschermende producten
 	English: testing of plant protection products
 	English definition: Tests performed to establish the effectiveness of pesticides under a wide variety of climatic and other environmental conditions; to assess the possible side effects on animals, plants and humans and to determine the persistence of pesticide residues in the environment. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 testen van scheikundige stoffen
 	English: testing of chemicals
 	English definition: The determination of the efficacy and the toxicity of chemical products. (Source: WPR)
 
 testmethode
 	English: testing method
 
 testorganisme
 	English: test organism
 	English definition: Any animal organism used for scientific research. (Source: DELFIN)
 
 textiel
 	English: textile
 	English definition: A material made of natural or man-made fibers and used for the manufacture of items such as clothing and furniture fittings. (Source: MGH)
 
 textielindustrie
 	English: textile industry
 	English definition: Industry for the production of fabrics. (Source: MGHa)
 
 textielplant
 	English: textile plant
 	English definition: Plant producing material suitable to be made into cloths. (Source: CED)
 
 textielvezels van dierlijke oorsprong
 	English: animal textile fibre
 	English definition: A filament or threadlike strand derived from animals that manufacturers use to produce clothes or other goods that require weaving, knitting or felting, which include silk, wool, mohair and other forms of animal hair. (Source: INP / RHW)
 
 thallium
 	English: thallium
 	English definition: Bluish-white metal with tinlike malleability, but a little softer; used in alloys. (Source: MGH)
 
 theorie van de verzorgingsstaat
 	English: theory of the welfare state
 	English definition: A political conception of government in a capitalist economy where the state is responsible for insuring that all members of society attain a minimum standard of living through redistribution of resources, progressive taxation and universal social programs, including health care and education. (Source: APS)
 
 therapie
 	English: therapy
 	English definition: The treatment of physical, mental or social disorders or disease. (Source: CED)
 
 thermodynamica
 	English: thermodynamics
 	English definition: The branch of physics which seeks to derive, from a few basic postulates, relationships between properties of matter, especially those connected with temperature, and a description of the conversion of energy from one form to another. (Source: MGH)
 
 thermoselect proces
 	English: thermoselect process
 	English definition: Trade-Mark-Name for a thermic waste processing technology. Gasification is emerging as an alternative to combustion in the treatment and energy recovery from Municipal Solid Waste. Several innovative processes and demonstration plants are trying to achieve higher electrical efficiencies and lower emissions using this technology. (Source: ENSDK)
 
 thesaurus
 	English: thesaurus
 	English definition: A compilation of terms showing synonyms, related terms and other relationships and dependencies, often used in a book format or as a standardized, controlled vocabulary for an information storage and retrieval system. (Source: CCL)
 
 tij
 	English: tide
 	English definition: The periodic rise and fall of the water resulting from gravitational interaction between the sun, moon and earth. In each lunar day of 24 hours and 49 minutes there are two high tides and two low tides. (Source: LANDY)
 
 tijd
 	English: time
 	English definition: 1) The dimension of the physical universe which, at a given place, orders the sequence of events. 2) A designated instant in this sequence, as the time of day. Also known as epoch. (Source: MGH)
 
 tijd
 	English: time (chronology)
 
 tijdelijke bewoning
 	English: temporary housing
 
 tijdelijke opslag
 	English: temporary storage
 	English definition: Any deposit or holdings of goods, materials or waste in a facility, container, tank or some other physical location for a brief or short time period. (Source: RHW)
 
 tijdelijke schuilplaats
 	English: temporary shelter
 	English definition: Simple facilities for asylum or provisional lodgings to individuals or groups in emergencies. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 tijdelijke vestiging
 	English: transitional settlement
 	English definition: A small village, community or group of houses, or other shelters, usually located in a thinly populated area and existing there for only a short time. (Source: RHW)
 
 tijdsbudget
 	English: time budget
 	English definition: Determining or planning for allotment of time in hours, days, weeks, etc. (Source: RHW)
 
 tijdstoewijzing
 	English: time allocation
 	English definition: The act of assigning various hours of one's day, week or year to particular activities, especially those falling within the categories of work and leisure. (Source: RHW)
 
 timmerhout; ruw timmerhout
 	English: timber
 	English definition: A wood, especially when regarded as a construction material. (Source: CED)
 
 tin
 	English: tin (element)
 	English definition: A metallic element, occurring in cassiterite, that has several allotropes; the ordinary malleable silvery-white metal slowly changes below 13.2degC to a grey powder. It is used extensively in alloys, especially bronze and pewter, and as a noncorroding coating for steel. (Source: CED)
 
 titaan
 	English: titanium
 	English definition: A strong malleable white metallic element, which is very corrosion-resistant and occurs in rutile and ilmenite. It is used in the manufacture of strong lightweight alloys, especially aircraft parts. (Source: CED)
 
 titaandioxide
 	English: titanium dioxide
 	English definition: A white, water-insoluble powder that melts at 1560degC, and which is produced commercially from the titanium dioxide minerals ilmenite and rutile; used in paints and cosmetics. (Source: MGH)
 
 toegang tot de zee
 	English: access to the sea
 
 toegang tot land
 	English: land access
 	English definition: The permission or freedom to use, enter, approach or pass to and from a tract of land, which often consists of real estate property. (Source: BLD)
 
 toegangsweg
 	English: access road
 	English definition: Any street or narrow stretch of paved surface that leads to a specific destination, such as a main highway. (Source: RHW)
 
 toegankelijkheid van administratieve stukken
 	English: access to administrative documents
 	English definition: The legal right of access to administrative documents or the opportunity to avail oneself of the same. (Source: BLACKa)
 
 toegankelijkheid van de cultuur
 	English: access to culture
 	English definition: The ability, right and permission to approach and use, or the general availability of resources that transmit the beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge of a people. (Source: PPP /  RHW)
 
 toegankelijkheid van de informatie
 	English: access to information
 	English definition: The ability, right and permission to approach and use, or the general availability of resources that convey knowledge. (Source: RHW)
 
 toegankelijkheid van de rechtspleging
 	English: access to the courts
 	English definition: The right of citizens to access to the organs of the governments where justice is administered. (Source: BLACK)
 
 toegepast onderzoek
 	English: applied research
 	English definition: Research directed toward using knowledge gained by basic research to make things or to create situations that will serve a practical or utilitarian purpose. (Source: MGH)
 
 toegepaste ecologie
 	English: applied ecology
 	English definition: The application of ecological principles to the solution of human problems. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 toegepaste voeding
 	English: applied nutrition
 	English definition: Putting to use general principles of the science of human nourishment to address or solve specific problems. (Source: MED)
 
 toegepaste wetenschap
 	English: applied science
 	English definition: Science whose results are employed in technical applications. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 toegestane blootstellingsgrens
 	English: permissible exposure limit
 	English definition: An exposure limit that is set for exposure to an hazardous substance or harmful agent and enforced by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) as a legal standard. It is based on time-weighted average concentrations for a normal 8-hour work day and 40 hour work week. (Source: CONFER)
 
 toekenning
 	English: attribution
 	English definition: Under certain circumstances, the tax law applies attribution rules to assign to one taxpayer the ownership interest of another taxpayer. (Source: WESTS)
 
 toekenning van land
 	English: land allotment
 	English definition: Procedure by which big land properties are divided in parcels of smaller size. (Source: RRDA)
 
 toekomstig
 	English: prospective
 	English definition: The act or process of making preparations for some predicted future condition or occurrence. (Source: RHW)
 
 toelaatbaar risico
 	English: acceptable risk level
 	English definition: Level of risk judged to be outweighed by corresponding benefits or one that is of such a degree that it is considered to pose minimal potential for adverse effects. (Source: EPAGLOa)
 
 toelaatbare dagelijkse opname
 	English: acceptable daily intake
 	English definition: The measurement of the amount of any chemical substance that can be safely consumed by a human being in a day. Calculations are usually based on the maximum level of a substance that can be fed to animals without producing any harmful effects. This is divided by a 'safety factor' to allow for the differences between animals and humans and to take account of the variation in human diets. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 toelaatbare maximumconcentratie
 	English: maximum admissible concentration
 	English definition: The maximum exposure to a physical or chemical agent allowed in an 8-hour work day to prevent disease or injury. (Source: KOREN)
 
 toelaatbare maximumimmissie
 	English: maximum immission concentration
 	English definition: The maximum concentration of air polluting substances in the free environment whose impact when of specified duration and frequency is not objectionable to man, fauna and flora. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 toelage
 	English: allowance
 
 toendra
 	English: tundra
 	English definition: An area supporting some vegetation (lichens, mosses, sedges and low shrubs) between the northern upper limit of trees and the lower limit of perennial snow on mountains, and on the fringes of the Antarctic continent and its neighbouring islands. (Source: MGH)
 
 toereikende voedselvoorziening
 	English: adequate food supply
 	English definition: A quantity of nutriments that meets fundamental nutritional requirements and is provided to a person, group or community on a continuing basis. (Source: NOV)
 
 toerisme
 	English: tourism
 	English definition: The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places or work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations and the facilities created to cater for their needs. (Source: GOOD)
 
 toerisme
 	English: tourism
 
 toeristenopvang
 	English: tourist attendance
 
 toeristenvoorziening
 	English: tourist facility
 	English definition: All the services connected with tourism, especially when regarded as an industry. (Source: CED)
 
 toeristisch gebied
 	English: touristic zone
 	English definition: Any section of a region which attracts travelers, often because of its scenery, objects of interest or recreational activities. (Source: OED)
 
 toeristische eenheid
 	English: touristic unit
 
 toeristische route
 	English: touristic route
 	English definition: An established or selected course for travel consisting, typically, of secondary roads with significant scenic, cultural, historic, geological or natural features and including vistas, rest areas, and interpretive sites matching the scenic characteristics of the course. (Source: GTT / RHW)
 
 toeslag
 	English: premium
 	English definition: Amount to be paid for a contract of insurance or life assurance.
 
 toestand waarin afval verkeert
 	English: state of waste
 
 toestand waarin stof verkeert
 	English: state of matter
 	English definition: One of the three fundamental conditions of matter: the solid, the liquid, and gaseous states. (Source: MGH)
 
 toestel om de luchtwegen te beschermen
 	English: respiratory protection apparatus
 	English definition: Any of a group of devices that protect the respiratory system from exposure to airborne contaminants; usually a mask with a fitting to cover the nose and mouth. (Source: KOREN)
 
 toevallige vervuiling
 	English: incidental pollution
 	English definition: Pollution caused by oil spills, by the accidental release of radioactive substances, by the immission in water bodies or in the atmosphere of chemical substances deriving from industrial activities. (Source: DIFIDa)
 
 toevluchtsgebied
 	English: refuge
 	English definition: A restricted and isolated area in which plants and animals persisted during a period of continental climatic change that made surrounding areas uninhabitable; especially an ice-free or unglaciated area within or close to a continental ice sheet or upland ice cap, where hardy biotas eked out an existence during a glacial phase. It later served as a center of dispersal for the repopulation of surrounding areas after climatic readjustment. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 toevoeging van een polymeer
 	English: addition polymer
 	English definition: A polymer formed by the chain addition of unsaturated monomer molecules, such as olefins, with one another without the formation of a by-product, as water; examples are polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. (Source: MGH)
 
 toezicht
 	English: surveillance
 	English definition: System that permits the continuous observation, measurement and evaluation of the progress of a process or phenomenon with the view to taking corrective measures. (Source: GUNN)
 
 toezicht houden op installaties
 	English: supervision of installation
 	English definition: The oversight or direction over the process of setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus. (Source: OED)
 
 toezicht op de kwaliteit van de lucht
 	English: air quality monitoring
 	English definition: Regular checking and recording of air quality in a given area. The following pollutants must be considered: carbon monoxide, benzene, butadiene, lead, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulates. (Source: DOCMMU)
 
 toezichthoudend orgaan
 	English: supervisory body
 	English definition: An appointed or official group given the responsibility of overseeing or managing normal work operations, special projects or other functions of an organization or agency. (Source: RHW)
 
 tornado
 	English: tornado
 	English definition: A rapidly rotating column of air developed around a very intense low-pressure centre. It is associated with a dark funnel-shaped cloud and with extremely violent winds (>300km/h) blowing in a counterclockwise spiral, but accompanied by violent downdraughts. The precise mechanisms are not fully understood but the following atmospheric conditions appear to be necessary for tornado development: a layer of warm moist air at low altitude; a layer of dry air at higher altitude with an inversion of temperature at about 1.000 m; a triggering mechanism, usually in the form of an active, intense cold front or solar heating of the ground which will create a vortex. (Source: WHIT)
 
 tot brandstof verwerkt afval
 	English: refuse derived fuel
 	English definition: Fuel produced from domestic refuse, after glass and metals have been removed from it, by compressing it to form briquettes used to fuel boilers. (Source: PORT)
 
 totaal aan organische koolstof
 	English: total organic carbon
 	English definition: The amount of carbon covalently bound in organic compounds in a water sample. (Source: WQA)
 
 totale parameter
 	English: total parameter
 	English definition: The sum of parameters that must be taken into account when assessing water quality (organoleptic factors, physico-chemical factors, toxic substances, microbiological parameters. (Source: RRDA)
 
 toxiciteit van vissen
 	English: fish toxicity
 
 tra
 	English: open lawn
 	English definition: Any relatively unobstructed field of cultivated and mown grass, especially near a house or in a park. (Source: GWG / RHW)
 
 Tracheophyta
 	English: tracheophyte
 	English definition: A large group of plants characterized by the presence of specialized conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) in the roots, stems, and leaves. (Source: MGH)
 
 traditionele bouwstijl
 	English: traditional architecture
 
 traditionele cultuur
 	English: traditional culture
 	English definition: Learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge transmitted over several generations, especially customs and beliefs originating before the advent of modern science and technology. (Source: ANT / OED)
 
 traditionele gezondheidszorg
 	English: traditional health care
 	English definition: A system of treating and healing maladies based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. (Source: FIT)
 
 trein
 	English: train
 	English definition: A connected group of railroad cars, usu. pushed or pulled by a locomotive.
 
 treinstation
 	English: railway station
 	English definition: A place along a route or line at which a train stops to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. (Source: CED)
 
 trek
 	English: animal migration
 	English definition: Movements that particular animals carry out regularly often between breeding places and winter feeding grounds. (Source: ALL)
 
 trekdier
 	English: draught animal
 
 trekkende soorten
 	English: migratory species
 
 trekkende vissen
 	English: migratory fish
 	English definition: Fishes that migrate in a body, often between breeding places and winter feeding grounds. (Source: RRDA)
 
 trekvogel
 	English: migratory bird
 	English definition: Birds which migrate in a body. (Source: CED)
 
 trend
 	English: trend
 	English definition: The general drift, tendency, or bent of a set of statistical data as related to time or another related set of statistical data. (Source: MGH)
 
 TRGS
 	English: technical regulation for dangerous substances
 	English definition: Technical Guideline for Dangerous Substances: technical rules for handling dangerous materials. (Source: FKTa)
 
 triazine
 	English: triazine
 	English definition: Azines that contain three nitrogen atoms in their molecules. (Source: CED)
 
 trillingen
 	English: vibration
 	English definition: A periodic motion of small amplitude and high frequency, characteristic of elastic bodies. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 tritium
 	English: tritium
 	English definition: The hydrogen isotope having mass number 3; it is one form of heavy hydrogen, the other being deuterium. (Source: MGH)
 
 troebelheid
 	English: turbidity
 	English definition: Cloudy or hazy appearance in a naturally clear liquid caused by a suspension of colloidal liquid droplets or fine solids. (Source: MGH)
 
 trofisch peil
 	English: trophic level
 	English definition: Any of the feeding levels through which the passage of energy through an ecosystem proceeds; examples are photosynthetic plants, herbivorous animals, and microorganisms of decay. (Source: MGH)
 
 trofische ecologie
 	English: trophic ecology
 	English definition: The study of the feeding relationships of organisms in communities and ecosystems. Trophic links between populations represent flows of organisms, organic energy and nutrients. Trophic transfers are important in population dynamics, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem energetics. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 tropen
 	English: tropics
 	English definition: The region of the earth's surface lying between two parallels of latitude on the earth, one 23deg27' north of the equator and the other 23deg27' south of the equator, representing the points farthest north and south at which the sun can shine directly overhead and constituting the boundaries of the Torrid Zone. (Source: AMHER)
 
 tropisch bos
 	English: tropical forest
 	English definition: A vegetation class consisting of tall, close-growing trees, their columnar trunks more or less unbranched in the lower two-thirds, and forming a spreading and frequently flat crown; occurs in areas of high temperature and high rainfall. (Source: MGH)
 
 tropisch ecosysteem
 	English: tropical ecosystem
 	English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in the land and water of the equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. (Source: TOE / ENC)
 
 tropisch gewas
 	English: tropical plant
 	English definition: Plants growing in tropical areas in conditions of constant rain and high temperature. (Source: PHC)
 
 tropisch klimaat
 	English: tropical climate
 	English definition: A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, that is, one with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (Source: MGH)
 
 tropisch regenwoud
 	English: tropical rain forest
 	English definition: The most valuable and the richest ecosystem on Earth. It plays a critical part in the Earth's life support systems and house 50%, and possibly as much as 90%, of all the species on Earth. It is a key storehouse of foods, oils and minerals, and a source of ingredients that make up a range of medical treatments. It also represents home and livelihood for many people. However, more than half of the rainforests have disappeared, chopped down for valuable tropical hardwoods, or cleared to provide areas for cattle grazing or human habitation. The forests play an important part in climate patterns, and deforestation is thought to be responsible for 18% of global warming. Furthermore, as they disappear there is also an albedo effect - a damaging increase in the sunlight reflected - which affects wind and rainfall patterns. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 troposfeer
 	English: troposphere
 	English definition: The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5degC/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT)
 
 troposferisch ozon
 	English: tropospheric ozone
 	English definition: Tropospheric ozone is a secondary pollutant formed from emissions of nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide. Ozone scars lung tissue, makes eyes sting and throats itch. It has been implicated as a contributor to forest dieback, damage to agricultural crops, etc. (Source: WPR)
 
 tuin
 	English: garden
 	English definition: A piece of land next to a house where flowers and other plants are grown and which often has an area of grass. (Source: CAMB)
 
 tuinafval
 	English: garden waste
 	English definition: Natural organic matter discarded from gardens and yards including leaves, grass clippings, prunings, brush and stumps. (Source: DMG)
 
 tuinbouw
 	English: horticulture
 	English definition: The art and science of growing plants. (Source: MGH)
 
 tumor
 	English: tumour
 	English definition: Any new and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive. (Source: KOREN)
 
 tunnel
 	English: tunnel
 	English definition: A underground passageway, especially one for trains or cars that passes under a mountain, river or a congested urban area. (Source: CED)
 
 turbine
 	English: turbine
 	English definition: A fluid acceleration machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy in a stream of fluid. (Source: MGH)
 
 turf
 	English: peat
 	English definition: Unconsolidated soil material consisting largely of undecomposed or slightly decomposed organic matter accumulated under conditions of excessive moisture. (Source: LANDY)
 
 turfwinning
 	English: peat extraction
 	English definition: Peat is obtained from peat bogs by cutting it from the earth; it is then formed into briquettes, which can be used as fuel. Peat may be found in layers several metres thick. In some countries peat-fired generating stations for electricity are in use. Peat is also used as a soil conditioner. (Source: PHC /  PARCOR)
 
 tussendektanker
 	English: tween-deck tanker
 	English definition: A sea-going vessel that includes space between two continuous floor-like surfaces or platforms, which is also designed for bulk shipments of liquids or gases. (Source: RHW)
 
 tussenkomst in natuur en landschap
 	English: intervention in nature and landscape
 	English definition: Stepping in or participating in problem solving efforts for troublesome or perplexing situations involving the natural world or scenery. (Source: RHW)
 
 tussenkomst op het land
 	English: intervention on land
 	English definition: Stepping in or participating in problem solving efforts for troublesome or perplexing situations involving ground areas or the earth's surface. (Source: RHW)
 
 tussenproduct
 	English: intermediate product
 	English definition: Product that has undergone a partial processing and is used as raw material in a successive productive step. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 tussenproducten
 	English: intermediate goods
 	English definition: Partly finished goods or products that re-enter into production elsewhere. (Source: ISEP /  MGHME)
 
 tussentijds besluit
 	English: interim decision
 
 Tweede Kamer (NL)
 	English: Lower House
 	English definition: The body of a bicameral legislature composed of representatives elected by the general populace and organized into electorates or districts, each comprising an equal number of citizens. (Source: CIV)
 
 tweedehandsgoederen
 	English: second-hand goods
 	English definition: Goods or products that have been used previously. (Source: ISEP)
 
 tweeledige economie
 	English: dual economy
 	English definition: An economy based upon two separate/distinct economic systems which co-exist in the same geographical space. Dualism is characteristic of many developing countries in which some parts of a country resemble advanced economies while other parts resemble traditional economies, i.e. there are circuits of production and exchange. (Source: GOOD)
 
 tweetaktmotor
 	English: two-stroke engine
 	English definition: An internal combustion engine whose cycle is completed in two strokes of the piston. (Source: MGH)
 
 tweevleugeligen [insecten]
 	English: dipteran
 
 tyfoon
 	English: typhoon
 	English definition: A severe tropical cyclone in the western Pacific. (Source: MGH)
 
 uit aluminium bestaande container of houder
 	English: aluminium container
 	English definition: A can or box made of aluminium in which material is held or carried. (Source: AMHERa)
 
 uitbreidingsbeleid
 	English: enlargement policy
 
 uitbreidingsprogramma
 	English: enlargement programme
 
 uiterlijke kenmerken
 	English: externality
 	English definition: Discrepancies between private costs and social costs or private advantages and social advantages; the basic concept of externality is interdependence without compensation. (Source: PHC /  GILP96 /  GREENW)
 
 uitgebreid netwerk
 	English: wide area network
 	English definition: A system of interrelated computer and telecommunications devices linking two or more computers separated by a great distance for the exchange of electronic data. (Source: WIC)
 
 uitgegist slib
 	English: digested sludge
 	English definition: Sludge or thickened mixture of sewage solids with water that has been decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. (Source: MGH)
 
 uitgestorven soorten (IUCN)
 	English: extinct species  (IUCN)
 	English definition: Animal or plant species which have completely disappeared from the planet. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 uitheemse soorten
 	English: exotic species
 	English definition: Plants, animals or microorganisms which are introduced by humans into areas where they are not native. Exotics are often associated with negative ecological consequences for native species and the ecosystems. (Source: UNUN)
 
 uitlaat
 	English: exhaust device
 	English definition: 1) A duct or pipe through which waste material is emitted.2) A combination of components which provides for enclosed flow of exhaust gas from engine parts to the atmosphere. (Source: AMHER /  LEE)
 
 uitlaatgas
 	English: exhaust gas
 	English definition: Offgas produced during combustion processes discharged directly or ultimately to the atmosphere. (Source: LEEa)
 
 uitlaatgas
 	English: waste gas
 	English definition: Any unusable aeriform fluid, or suspension of fine particles in air, given off by a manufacturing process or the burning of a substance in a enclosed area. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 uitlaatgas voertuig
 	English: vehicle exhaust gas
 	English definition: An aeriform fluid of fine particles suspended in air, produced and vented as a byproduct of the operation of wheeled machines or conveyances self-propelled by internal combustion engines. (Source: RHW / MHD)
 
 uitloging
 	English: leaching
 	English definition: 1) The process of separating a liquid from a solid (as in waste liquid by percolation into the surrounding soil. 2) Extraction of soluble components of a solid mixture by percolating a solvent through it.3) To lose or cause to lose soluble substances by the action of a percolating liquid. (Source: HARRIS /  DICCHE /  CED)
 
 uitrusting
 	English: equipment
 	English definition: Any collection of materials, supplies or apparatuses stored, furnished or provided for an undertaking or activity. (Source: RHW)
 
 uitrusting voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution control equipment
 	English definition: Devices for the reduction and/or removal of those emissions to the environment which have the potential to cause pollution. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 uitrusting voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution abatement equipment
 	English definition: Equipment for the reduction in degree or intensity of pollution. (Source: LANDY)
 
 uitrustingsplan
 	English: equipment plan
 	English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the supply of material necessities such as tools, gear, provisions or furnishings. (Source: OED / ISEP)
 
 uitspoeling
 	English: flushing
 	English definition: Removing lodged deposits of rock fragments and other debris by water flow at high velocity; used to clean water conduits and drilled boreholes. (Source: MGH)
 
 uitstoot door het verkeer
 	English: traffic emission
 	English definition: Exhaust gases and vapours emitted by motorvehicles. (Source: RRDA)
 
 uitstoot van (uitlaat)gassen
 	English: waste gas emission
 	English definition: The direct or indirect discharge of exhaust gas into the atmosphere. (Source: LEE)
 
 uitstoot van afvalwater
 	English: waste water discharge
 	English definition: The flow of treated effluent from any wastewater treatment process. (Source: WWC)
 
 uitstoot van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant emission
 	English definition: Release of polluting substances in the air, water and soil from a given source and measured at the immission point. (Source: DIFID)
 
 uitvoer
 	English: export
 	English definition: To send, take or carry an article of trade or commerce out of the country. To transport merchandise from one country to another in the course of trade. (Source: WESTS)
 
 uitvoer van afval
 	English: waste export
 	English definition: Transporting unwanted materials, including those leftover from a manufacturing processes, refuse, or trash to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. (Source: TOE / MGHME)
 
 uitvoer van gevaarlijke afvalstoffen
 	English: export of hazardous wastes
 	English definition: Transporting by-products of society that possesses at least one of four characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. (Source: TOE /  MGHME)
 
 uitvoer van gevaarlijke chemicalien
 	English: hazardous chemical export
 	English definition: Transporting substances capable of producing adverse health effects, fires or explosions to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. (Source: TOE / MGHME)
 
 uitvoeringsbevel
 	English: executive order
 	English definition: An order or regulation issued by the president or some administrative authority under his direction for the purpose of interpreting, implementing or giving administrative effect to a provision of the constitution or of some law or treaty.
 
 uitvoeringswet
 	English: implementation law
 
 uitvoervergunning
 	English: export licence
 	English definition: Permission from a government to carry or send abroad and sell a product manufactured within its borders. (Source: BLD)
 
 uitwisseling van afval
 	English: waste exchange
 	English definition: Exchange of the recyclable part of wastes. This procedure allows to minimize waste volume and the cost relating to waste disposal. The basis of waste exchange is the concept that 'one company's waste is another company's raw material'. (Source: ECOUK /  ECHO2)
 
 uitwisseling van elektronische gegevens
 	English: interchange of electronic data
 	English definition: A transference of binary coded information items between two or more computers across any communications channel capable of carrying electromagnetic signals. (Source: WIC)
 
 uitwisseling van gegevens
 	English: data exchange
 	English definition: A reciprocal transfer of individual facts, statistics or items of information between two or more parties for the purpose of enhancing knowledge of the participants. (Source: RHW)
 
 ultrafiltratie
 	English: ultrafiltration
 	English definition: Separation of colloidal or very fine solid materials by filtration through microporous or semipermeable mediums. (Source: MGH)
 
 ultrageluid
 	English: ultrasound
 	English definition: Sound waves having a frequency above about 20,000 hertz. (Source: MGH)
 
 ultraviolette straling
 	English: ultraviolet radiation
 	English definition: The part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths shorter than light but longer than x-rays; in the range of 4-400 nm. (Source: CED)
 
 uranium
 	English: uranium
 	English definition: A metallic element highly toxic and radioactive; used as nuclear fuel. (Source: MGH)
 
 Ursidae
 	English: ursid
 	English definition: A family of mammals in the order Carnivora including the bears and their allies. (Source: MGH)
 
 utiliteitsbouw
 	English: non-residential building
 	English definition: Area which provides commercial, industrial, and public facilities. (Source: HARRISa)
 
 vacuumindustrie
 	English: vacuum industry
 
 vak
 	English: trade (profession)
 	English definition: The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries.
 
 vakantie
 	English: holiday
 	English definition: 1) A period in which a break is taken from work or studies for rest, travel or recreation2) A day on which work is suspended by law or custom, such as a religious festival, bank holiday, etc.
 
 vakantiekamp
 	English: holiday camp
 	English definition: A place providing accommodation, recreational facilities, etc. for holiday-makers. (Source: CED)
 
 vakantieoord in de bergen
 	English: mountain resort
 	English definition: A place in the mountains where people spend their holidays and enjoy themselves. (Source: CAMB)
 
 vakbond
 	English: trades union
 	English definition: An organization whose members are wholly or mainly workers and whose principal purposes include the regulation of relations between workers and employers or employers' associations. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 van de overheid
 	English: governmental
 
 van het klimaat afhankelijke natuurlijke hulpbronnen
 	English: climate resource
 
 van het land afkomstige vervuiling van de zee
 	English: land-based marine pollution
 
 van raster- naar vectorformaat
 	English: raster to vector
 	English definition: Methods to convert remotely sensed raster data to vector format. A number of raster-to-vector and vector-to-raster conversion procedures have been developed and introduced to current releases of many GIS packages. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 van vector- naar rasterformaat
 	English: vector to raster
 	English definition: Methods to convert remotely sensed raster data to vector format. A number of vector-to-raster and raster-to-vector conversion procedures have been developed and introduced to current releases of many GIS packages. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 vanadium
 	English: vanadium
 	English definition: A silvery-white, ductile metal resistant to corrosion; used in alloy steels and as an x-ray target. (Source: MGH)
 
 vanaf het land gestuurde activiteit
 	English: land-based activity
 
 vandalisme
 	English: vandalism
 	English definition: The deliberate or wanton destruction of personal or public property caused by a vandal. (Source: CED)
 
 vangst
 	English: catch yield
 	English definition: The yield obtained from a given fishery; fishery catches should be strictly controlled so that the fish population can have a sufficient breeding mass and thus give a sustained yield for future generations. (Source: PORTa)
 
 varen; bootjevaren; bootje varen
 	English: boating
 	English definition: To travel or go in a boat as a form of recreation. (Source: CED)
 
 varens
 	English: fern
 	English definition: Any of a large number of vascular plants composing the division Polypodiophyta, without flowers and fruits. (Source: MGH)
 
 varkenshouderij
 	English: piggery
 	English definition: A place where pigs are kept and reared. (Source: CED)
 
 vast deeltje
 	English: solid particle
 	English definition: Any tiny or very small mass of material that has a definite volume and shape and resists forces that would alter its volume or shape. (Source: OMD / MHD / APD)
 
 vaste afval
 	English: solid waste
 	English definition: Discarded solid materials. Includes agricultural waste, mining waste, industrial waste and municipal waste. (Source: LANDY)
 
 vaste afvalstort
 	English: solid waste disposal
 	English definition: The orderly discarding, release, collection, treatment or salvaging of unwanted or useless non-liquid, non-soluble refuse. (Source: TED / TOE / GSW)
 
 vaste belastingsschaal
 	English: fixed schedule of charges
 
 vaste stof
 	English: solid matter
 	English definition: A crystalline material, that is, one in which the constituent atoms are arranged in a three-dimensional lattice, periodic in three independent directions. (Source: MGH)
 
 vaste vorm
 	English: solid state
 	English definition: The physical state of matter in which the constituent molecules, atoms, or ions have no translatory motion although they vibrate about the fixed positions that they occupy in a crystal lattice. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 vastelandsklimaat
 	English: continental climate
 	English definition: A climate characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and little rainfall, typical of the interior of a continent. (Source: CED)
 
 vastleggen van de duinen
 	English: sand dune fixation
 	English definition: Stabilization of dunes effected by the planting of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria), or rice grass, whose long roots bind the surface layers of sand and so hinder its removal by wind. A larger scale method of dealing with the same problem is by afforestation. (Source: BLYFRE)
 
 vaststellen van de waterprijs
 	English: water pricing
 	English definition: Applying a monetary rate or value at which water can be bought or sold. (Source: RHW)
 
 vaststelling verontreinigingsbronnen
 	English: pollutant source identification
 
 vebruikspatroon
 	English: consumption pattern
 	English definition: The combination of qualities, quantities, acts and tendencies characterizing a community or human group's use of resources for survival, comfort and enjoyment. (Source: ODE / RHW)
 
 vector
 	English: vector
 	English definition: One of the two major types of internal data organization used in GIS. Vector systems are based primarily on coordinate geometry and take advantage of the convenient division of spatial data into point, line, and polygon types. Vector structures are especially suited to storing definitions of spatial objects for which sharp boundaries exist or can be imposed. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 vee
 	English: livestock
 	English definition: Cattle, horses, and similar animals kept for domestic use especially on a farm. (Source: CED)
 
 veefokkerij
 	English: livestock breeding
 	English definition: The raising of livestock by crossing different varieties to obtain new varieties with desired characteristics. (Source: PHC)
 
 veehouderij
 	English: animal husbandry
 	English definition: A branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding and feeding of domestic animals. (Source: MGH)
 
 veehouderij
 	English: livestock farming
 	English definition: Breeding of cattle, horses and similar animals. (Source: CEDa)
 
 veelhoek
 	English: polygon
 	English definition: In the vector type of GIS internal data organization spatial data are conveniently divided into point, line and polygon types. Some vector GIS store information in the form of points, line segments and point pairs; others maintain close lists of points defining polygon regions. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 veeteelt
 	English: animal husbandry
 
 veiligheid
 	English: safety
 	English definition: The state of being secure from harm, injury, danger or risk, often as a result of planned measures or preparations. (Source: RHW)
 
 veiligheid van installaties
 	English: security of installations
 	English definition: Measures, techniques or designs implemented to protect from harm or restrict access to any apparatus, machinery or construction put in place or connected for use. (Source: RHW / MHD)
 
 veiligheidsanalyse
 	English: safety analysis
 	English definition: The process of studying the need for or efficacy of actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 veiligheidsmaatregel
 	English: safety measure
 	English definition: An action, procedure or contrivance designed to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 veiligheidsnorm
 	English: safety standard
 	English definition: A norm or measure applicable in legal cases for any action, procedure or contrivance designed to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 veiligheidsnorm voor de bouw
 	English: safety standard for building
 	English definition: A collection of rules and regulations adopted by authorities concerning structural and mechanical standards for safety. (Source: HARRISa)
 
 veiligheidsonderzoek
 	English: safety study
 	English definition: Research, detailed examination and usually a written report on the need for or efficacy of actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 veiligheidsvoorschrift
 	English: safety rule
 	English definition: A principle or regulation governing actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 veldonderzoek
 	English: field study
 	English definition: Scientific study made in the open air to collect information that can not be obtained in a laboratory. (Source: PHCa /  DUNSTEa)
 
 veldproef
 	English: field experiment
 	English definition: Experiment carried out on a substance or on an organism in the open air as opposed to in a laboratory. (Source: PHC)
 
 ven
 	English: fen
 	English definition: Waterlogged, spongy ground containing alkaline decaying vegetation, characterized by reeds, that may develop into peat. It sometimes occurs in the sinkholes of karst region. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 verambtelijking
 	English: bureaucratisation
 	English definition: The multiplication of or concentration of power in administrators and administrative offices in an organization, usually resulting in an extension into and regimentation of certain areas of social life. (Source: DAM / RHW)
 
 verandering in het gebruik
 	English: change in use
 
 verantwoordelijkheid
 	English: responsibility
 	English definition: The obligation to answer for an act done, and to repair or otherwise make restitution for any injury it may have caused. (Source: WESTS)
 
 verarming
 	English: impoverishment
 
 verbanden tussen de gezondheid en de (natuurlijke en/of woon-)omgeving
 	English: health-environment relationship
 	English definition: Relationship between the quality of the environment and the health conditions of individuals. (Source: DIZAMB)
 
 verbetering van de waterkwaliteit
 	English: water quality improvement
 	English definition: Progress in, or betterment of, the environmental condition and integrity of water. (Source: RHW / TOE)
 
 verbod
 	English: prohibition
 	English definition: An interdiction or forbidding of an activity or action by authority or law. (Source: RHW)
 
 verbod op CFKs en halons
 	English: CFC and halons prohibition
 	English definition: An interdiction on the manufacture or use of products that discharge chlorofluorocarbons and bromine-containing compounds into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer. (Source: TOE)
 
 verbod op de verspreiding van afvalwater
 	English: sewage spreading prohibition
 	English definition: Prohibition of spreading sewage sludge on land to prevent accumulation of toxic heavy metals in excessive quantities. (Source: PORTa)
 
 verbouwingswijze
 	English: cultivation system
 	English definition: Any overall structure or set-up used to organize the activity of preparing land or soil for the growth of new crops, or the activity of promoting or improving the growth of existing crops. (Source: RHW / AGP)
 
 verbranding
 	English: incineration
 	English definition: Controlled process by which solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes are burned and changed into gases; residue produced contains little or no combustible material. (Source: LANDY)
 
 verbrandingsgas
 	English: combustion gas
 	English definition: The exhaust gas from a combustion process. It may contain nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water vapour, sulfur oxides, particles and many chemical pollutants. (Source: LEE)
 
 verbrandingsinstallatie
 	English: incinerator
 	English definition: Device which burns waste. (Source: PHC)
 
 verbrandingsmotor
 	English: combustion engine
 	English definition: An engine that operates by the energy of combustion of a fuel. (Source: MGH)
 
 verbrandingsrest
 	English: combustion residue
 	English definition: A residual layer of ash on the heat-exchange surfaces of a combustion chamber, resulting from the burning of fuel. (Source: APD)
 
 verbrandingsrest
 	English: incineration residue
 	English definition: Any material, solid or semisolid, left after processing in a device designed to reduce waste volume by combustion. (Source: DEE / HMD)
 
 verbruik
 	English: consumption
 	English definition: Spending for survival or enjoyment in contrast to providing for future use or production. (Source: ODE)
 
 verbruiker
 	English: consumer
 	English definition: A person who purchases goods and services for his own personal needs. (Source: CED)
 
 verbruikersafval
 	English: consumer waste
 	English definition: Materials purchased, used and discarded by the buyer, or consumer, as opposed to those discarded in a manufacturing process. (Source: EED)
 
 verbruikersbescherming
 	English: consumer protection
 	English definition: Information disseminated or measures and programs established to prevent and reduce damage, injury or loss to users of specific commodities and services. (Source: RHW)
 
 verbruikersgroep
 	English: consumer group
 	English definition: A collection of persons united to address concerns regarding the purchase and use of specific commodities or services. (Source: RHW)
 
 verbruikersinformatie
 	English: consumer information
 	English definition: Factual, circumstantial and, often, comparative knowledge concerning various goods, services or events, their quality and the entities producing them. (Source: RHW)
 
 verbruiksbelasting
 	English: tax on consumption
 	English definition: A sum of money demanded from businesses by a government, usually based on a percentage of total sales of select goods and services, and generally passed on to consumers with each individual purchase. (Source: ODE)
 
 verbruiksbelasting
 	English: excise
 
 verbruiksgoederen
 	English: consumer goods
 	English definition: Manufactured products intended primarily for personal use by individuals or families and classified as either durables or non-durables, depending on length of use. (Source: ODE / Greenwald)
 
 verbruiksgoederen
 	English: non-durable goods
 	English definition: A good bought by consumers that tends to last for less than a year. Common examples are food and clothing. The notable thing about nondurable goods is that consumers tend to continue buying them regardless of the ups and downs of the business cycle. (Source: AMOS2)
 
 verbruiksproduct
 	English: consumer product
 	English definition: Economic good that directly satisfies human wants or desires. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 verdamping
 	English: evaporation
 	English definition: Conversion from a liquid or solid state to a vapour. (Source: CED)
 
 verdamping(stranspiratie)
 	English: evapotranspiration
 	English definition: Discharge of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere by evaporation from lakes, streams and soil surfaces and by transpiration from plants. Also known as fly-off. (Source: MGH)
 
 verdeling van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant distribution
 	English definition: Arrangement, or pattern, associated with the occurrence of pollutants over a geographical area. (Source: ALL / ISEP)
 
 verdikking
 	English: thickening
 	English definition: Any process beyond gravity sedimentation that increases the concentration of solids in sludge with or without the use of chemical flocculants. (Source: WWC)
 
 verdrag
 	English: treaty
 	English definition: An international agreement in writing between two states or a number of states. Treaties are binding in international law; some treaties create law only for those states that are parties to them. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 Verdrag van Bonn
 	English: Bonn Convention
 	English definition: Convention of the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, which was drawn up to protect all migratory species considered to be endangered through all or part of their range. The Convention came into effect in 1983 and imposes strict conservation responsibilities. Hunting or trapping of 51 species threatened with extinction, half of them birds, is strictly prohibited. The Convention also aims to encourage countries along migration routes to draw up agreements to protect another 2.000 threatened species. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 Verdrag van Helsinki
 	English: Helsinki Convention
 	English definition: Adopted in April 1992, an agreement by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden on the protection of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea with an action plan to reduce pollution in areas around the Sea. (Source: GILP96)
 
 Verdrag van Oslo
 	English: Oslo agreement
 	English definition: The Oslo Treaty came into force in 1974 and banned the dumping of certain wastes, such as mercury, cadmium and persistent plastics, in the North Sea. The Oslo Treaty has similar black lists and grey lists to the London Convention of substances that are banned from dumping. The treaty was signed by the governments of Belgium, Denmark, France, the former West Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK. Three North Sea Conferences were subsequently organized. At the first, in 1984, it was agreed that the phasing out of the use and discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) should be stepped up, that wastes including sewage sludge, should not be dumped in the North Sea and that specified hazardous waste should come under more stringent control. In 1987, at the second conference, it was agreed to reduce by half discharge of 'substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate' by 1995. Restrictions on the use of marine incineration and the dumping of sewage sludge were also agreed. At the third conference, in 1990, the eight signatories to the original treaty and Switzerland had agreed to stop dumping sewage sludge at sea, but the UK said it would only phase this out by 1998. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 Verdrag van Parijs
 	English: Paris Convention
 	English definition: Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from land-based sources. An International agreement signed in March 1974 by Denmark, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the UK and West Germany to augment earlier agreements controlling the dumping of wastes at sea. (Source: ALL)
 
 verdringing van dieren
 	English: animal displacement
 	English definition: The habit of many animal species of moving inside their habitats or of travelling, during migrations, to different biotopes, often considerable distances apart; in aquatic environments displacements can occur horizontally or vertically while in terrestrial environments animal populations that breed in the alpine or subalpine zones in summer, move to lower levels in winter; animal displacements usually follow circadian rhythms and are related to the necessity of finding breeding, resting and feeding areas. (Source: RAMADE)
 
 verdroging
 	English: drying out
 	English definition: Removal of water from any substance. (Source: MGH)
 
 verdund zuur
 	English: diluted acid
 	English definition: A less concentrated acid. (Source: MGH)
 
 verdwenen soort
 	English: vanished species
 	English definition: Species which have disappeared from an area because of adverse environmental conditions. (Source: RRDA)
 
 Verenigde Naties
 	English: United Nations
 	English definition: A voluntary association of around 180 state signatory to the UN charter (1945), whose primary aim is to maintain international peace and security, solve economic, social, and political problems through international co-operation, and promote respect for human rights.
 
 verf
 	English: paint
 	English definition: A mixture of pigment and a vehicle, such as oil or water, that together form a liquid or paste that can be applied to a surface to provide an adherent coating that imparts colour to and often protects the surface. (Source: MGH)
 
 verfkamer
 	English: paint room
 	English definition: A portion of space within a commercial establishment that is used for applying coloring substances to certain products or materials, providing a decorative or protective coating. (Source: RHW)
 
 verfwinkel
 	English: paint shop
 	English definition: A shop where paint and related items are sold. (Source: CEDa)
 
 vergassing
 	English: gasification
 	English definition: 1) Any chemical or heat process used to convert a substance to a gas. 2) The production of gaseous fuels by reacting hot carbonaceous materials with air, steam or oxygen. The process takes place at high temperature. The gasification product is a mixture of combustible gases and tar compounds, together with particles and water vapour. Depending on the gasification method, the proportion of components varies, but common to all the processes is that the gas has to be purified before it can be used directly in a gas engine or a gas turbine. (Source: MGH /  PORT)
 
 vergelijkend examen
 	English: competitive examination
 	English definition: A test given to a candidate for a certificate or a position and concerned typically with problems to be solved, skills to be demonstrated, or tasks to be performed. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 vergelijkend onderzoek
 	English: comparative test
 	English definition: Tests conducted to determine whether one procedure is better than another. (Source: MGH)
 
 vergelijkend recht
 	English: comparative law
 	English definition: The study of the principles of legal science by the comparison of various systems of law. (Source: BLACK)
 
 vergelijking
 	English: comparison
 	English definition: The placing together or juxtaposing of two or more items to ascertain, bring into relief, or establish their similarities and dissimilarities. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 vergelijking tussen laboratoria
 	English: interlaboratory comparison
 	English definition: Tests performed at the same time in different laboratories to validate the quality of the results. (Source: RRDA)
 
 vergif
 	English: poison
 	English definition: A substance which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body, in relatively small amounts, may cause injury, harm, or destruction to organs, tissue, or life. (Source: CONFER)
 
 vergiftenleer
 	English: toxicology
 	English definition: A science that deals with poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions they produce. (Source: LANDY)
 
 vergiftiging
 	English: poisoning
 	English definition: The morbid condition produced by a poison which may be swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin. (Source: KOREN)
 
 vergiftiging
 	English: intoxication
 	English definition: The state of being poisoned; the condition produced by a poison which may be swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin. (Source: KOREN)
 
 verglazing
 	English: vitrification
 	English definition: Formation of a glassy or noncrystalline material. (Source: MGH)
 
 vergunning
 	English: permission
 	English definition: The license, formal consent or authorization to act on some matter, frequently validating the action as lawful or procedurally correct. (Source: BLD)
 
 vergunning
 	English: concession
 	English definition: Any rebate, abatement, voluntary grant of or a yielding to a demand or claim, typically made by a government or controlling authority to an individual or organization. (Source: BLD)
 
 vergunningen toekennen
 	English: licencing
 	English definition: Any process of granting and certifying legal or administrative permission to a person or organization to pursue some occupation or to perform some activity or business. (Source: BLD)
 
 vergunningseis
 	English: licencing obligation
 	English definition: Obligation to obtain a permit to pursue an occupation or to carry on some business. (Source: WESTSa)
 
 verhandelbare (emissie) rechten
 	English: tradeable permit
 	English definition: Tradable emissions permits are used in an environmental regulatory scheme where the sources of the pollutant to be regulated (most often an air pollutant) are given permits to release a specified number of tons of the pollutant. The government issues only a limited number of permits consistent with the desired level of emissions. The owners of the permits may keep them and release the pollutants, or reduce their emissions and sell the permits. The fact that the permits have value as an item to be sold gives the owner an incentive to reduce their emissions. (Source: WEATHE)
 
 verhandeling van emissiereducties
 	English: emission reduction banking
 	English definition: A system for recording qualified air emission reductions for later use in bubble, offset, or netting transactions. Plant complexes that reduce emissions substantially may 'bank' their 'credits' or sell them to other industries. (Source: EPAGLO)
 
 verhouding tussen de mens en de natuur
 	English: man-nature relationship
 
 verhoudingen tussen rassen
 	English: race relations
 	English definition: The associations, tensions or harmony between two or more groups of people distinguished by history, culture, religion or physique: distinctions erroneously construed as being based on consistent biological differences and as representing, in effect, species of a human genus. (Source: SOC / RHW)
 
 verhuur van huizen
 	English: rental housing
 	English definition: Dwelling places occupied by tenants who make periodic payments to landlords or owners for use of the facilities as residences. (Source: RHW)
 
 verhuur van onroerend goed
 	English: estate rental
 	English definition: The service provided by an owner agreeing to grant the temporary possession of specific housing in return for the payment of rent from the tenant. (Source: RHW)
 
 verkeer
 	English: traffic
 	English definition: 1) The movement of vehicles, ships, aircraft, persons, etc., in an area or over a route.2) The vehicles, persons, etc., moving in an area or over a route.
 
 verkeer, vervoer
 	English: traffic, transportation
 
 verkeerscontrole
 	English: traffic control
 	English definition: The organization of a more efficient movement of traffic within a given road network by rearranging the flows, controlling the intersections and regulating the times and places for parking. (Source: GOOD)
 
 verkeersinfrastructuur
 	English: traffic infrastructure
 	English definition: The fundamental facilities and systems used for the movement of vehicles, often provided through public funding. (Source: RHW)
 
 verkeerslawaai
 	English: traffic noise
 	English definition: Noise emitted by vehicles (heavy vehicles, cars and motorcycles, tyre/road interaction).
 
 verkeersmeting
 	English: traffic monitoring
 	English definition: The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the movement of persons, objects, vehicles or other conveyances along an area of passage. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 verkeersongeval
 	English: traffic accident
 	English definition: An unexpected incident with potential for harm occurring through the movement or collision of vessels, vehicles or persons along a land, water, air or space route. (Source: OED)
 
 verkeersopstopping
 	English: traffic jam
 	English definition: A number of vehicles so obstructed that they can scarcely move. (Source: CED)
 
 verkeersroute
 	English: traffic route
 
 verkeerstechniek
 	English: traffic engineering
 	English definition: The determination of the required capacity and layout of highway and street facilities that can safely and economically serve vehicular movement between given points. (Source: MGH)
 
 verkeersveiligheid
 	English: road safety
 	English definition: Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by moving vehicles along a constructed land route. (Source: RHW)
 
 verkeersvoorschrift
 	English: traffic regulation
 	English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government or management for the safe and orderly movement of vehicles on land, sea or in the air. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 verkeersvoorziening
 	English: traffic control measure
 	English definition: Means of controlling the number and speed of motorvehicles using a road. (Source: PHCa)
 
 verkenning
 	English: exploration
 	English definition: The search for economic deposits of minerals, ore, gas, oil, or coal by geological surveys, geophysical prospecting, boreholes and trial pits, or surface or underground headings, drifts, or tunnels. (Source: MGH)
 
 verklarende woordenlijst
 	English: glossary
 	English definition: An alphabetical list of terms concerned with a particular subject, field or area of usage that includes accompanying definitions. (Source: CED / RHW)
 
 verklikker
 	English: detector
 	English definition: A mechanical, electrical, or chemical device that automatically identifies and records or registers a stimulus, such as an environmental change in pressure or temperature, an electrical signal, or radiation from a radioactive material. (Source: AMHER)
 
 verlaten militair terrein
 	English: disused military site
 	English definition: Military site where all activity has ceased. Such areas, being extremely well sheltered against outside disturbances and in many ways less affected by human landuse than many other open landscapes, can contain significant natural habitats and rare or endangered wildlife. Abandoned military territories constitute an important source of natural landscapes to be managed and restored in an environmentally sound way. (Source: RRDA /  DOBRIS)
 
 verlaten terrein
 	English: abandoned industrial site
 	English definition: Site that cannot be used for any purpose, being contaminated by pollutants, not necessarily radioactive. (Source: RRDA)
 
 verlaten voertuig
 	English: abandoned vehicle
 	English definition: A vehicle that has been discarded in the environment, urban or otherwise, often found wrecked, destroyed, damaged or with a major component part stolen or missing. (Source: ISEP /  MDM)
 
 verlichting
 	English: lighting
 	English definition: The supply of illumination in streets or dwellings. (Source: RRDA)
 
 verlies
 	English: loss
 	English definition: The result of a business operation where overhead costs are greater than the receipts or income. (Source: ISEP /  ODE)
 
 verlof om sociale redenen
 	English: leave on social grounds
 
 vermesting
 	English: overfertilisation
 	English definition: Putting too much fertilizer on land; the runoff from overfertilisation can cause water pollution. (Source: PHC)
 
 vermindering van de gasuitstoot
 	English: waste gas reduction
 	English definition: Reduction of the quantity of gaseous emissions in the atmosphere, from motorvehicles, industrial and heating plants, etc. by the adoption of clean technologies, the effectiveness of process operations, the improvement of fuel quality and the installment of chimney stacks high enough to ensure the dispersion of gases. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 vermindering van geluidshinder
 	English: noise abatement
 	English definition: Measures to reduce noise at the source, to encourage quieter technologies or equipment or to prevent or reduce the propagation of sound. Measures may include the isolation and damping of vibration sources; the replacement of components with quieter parts and material; the enclosure of particularly noisy components; the provision of noise barriers, etc. (Source: GILP96)
 
 vermindering van olievervuiling
 	English: oil pollution abatement
 	English definition: There are various systems for the abatement of oil pollution at sea: the 'Load-on-top' system involves passing the washing from tank cleaning operations and residue from discharge of the original ballast water to an empty cargo tank nominated as the 'slop' tank. Fresh oil cargo is loaded on top of the final residue left after further discharges of water, the resulting mixture being acceptable to refineries despite some additional cost in removing the salt and water. Under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, all oil-carrying ships will be required to be capable of operating with this method of retention, or alternatively to discharge to reception facilities. Another method consists in spraying on the oil dispersives and/or blasting straw and sawdust, functioning as 'blotting paper', onto water, beaches, rocks and docks. The Vikoma System for the containment of oil spills at sea, developed by British Petroleum, a seaboom of about 500 metres in length, is inflated and towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. (Source: GILP)
 
 vermogen om afval te op te nemen
 	English: waste assimilation capacity
 
 vermogen om de ozonlaag aan te tasten
 	English: ozone depletion potential
 	English definition: A factor that reflects the ozone depletion potential of a substance, on a mass per kilogram basis, as compared to chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11). Such factor shall be based upon the substance's atmospheric life time, the molecular weight of bromine and chlorine, and the substance's ability to be photolytically disassociated, and upon other factors determined to be an accurate measure of relative ozone depletion potential. (Source: LEE)
 
 vernietiging
 	English: destruction
 
 vernietiging van het natuurlijk woongebied
 	English: habitat destruction
 	English definition: Destruction of wildlife habitats by increasing pressure for land by fast-growing human populations, pollution and over-exploitation. Whole species or populations of plants and animals have disappeared causing a loss of genetic resource that is not only regrettable from an aesthetic or philosophical point of view but also threatens man's food supply. Habitat loss takes several forms: outright loss of areas used by wild species; degradation, for example, from vegetation removal and erosion, which deprive native species of food, shelter, and breeding areas; and fragmentation, when native species are squeezed onto small patches of undisturbed land surrounded by areas cleared for agriculture and other purposes. (Source: WPR /  WRES)
 
 vernieuwing
 	English: innovation
 	English definition: Something newly introduced, such as a new method or device. (Source: CED)
 
 verontreinigd materiaal
 	English: polluted matter
 	English definition: A solid, liquid or gas that has been contaminated, rendered impure or made unsafe for use. (Source: HMD / ISEP)
 
 verontreinigde grond
 	English: contaminated soil
 	English definition: Soil which because of its previous or current use has substances under, on or in it which, depending upon their concentration and/or quantity, may represent a direct potential or indirect hazard to man or to the environment. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 verontreinigde plaats
 	English: polluted site
 	English definition: Any place that has been made unclean or unsafe by the discharge of high concentrations of hazardous or detrimental substances into its water, soil or atmosphere. (Source: DOE)
 
 verontreinigende stof in voedsel
 	English: food pollutant
 	English definition: Potentially harmful substances in any food consumed by humans, or other animals, including inorganic and organic chemicals, viruses and bacteria. (Source: ISEP)
 
 verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant
 	English definition: Any substance, usually a residue of human activity, which has an undesirable effect upon the environment. (Source: LANDY)
 
 verontreiniging
 	English: pollution
 	English definition: The indirect or direct alteration of the biological, thermal, physical, or radioactive properties of any medium in such a way as to create a hazard or potential hazard to human health or to the health, safety or welfare of any living species. (Source: ALL)
 
 verontreiniging van (ruw)voer
 	English: forage contamination
 	English definition: Introduction of hazardous or poisonous substances such as arsenic or lead into, or onto, fodder for animals. The animals consume the contaminated feed and can become sick and may die. (Source: ISEP)
 
 verontreinigingsbelasting (druk)
 	English: pollutant load
 	English definition: The amount of polluting material that a transporting agent, such as a stream, a glacier, or the wind, is actually carrying at a given time. (Source: LWW)
 
 verontreinigingscriteria
 	English: pollution criterion
 	English definition: Standard established for certain pollutants which limits their concentration. (Source: RRDA)
 
 verontreinigingsgraad
 	English: pollutant level
 	English definition: A value representing the concentration of a polluting agent in a specified area, often determined by a measuring and recording device. (Source: FFD)
 
 verontreinigingswaarde
 	English: pollution load
 	English definition: The amount of stress placed upon an ecosystem by pollution, physical or chemical, released into it by man-made or natural means. (Source: FFD)
 
 verordening
 	English: ordinance
 	English definition: A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a law or statute. In its most common meaning, the term is used to designate the enactment of the legislative body. (Source: WESTS)
 
 verordening
 	English: regulation
 	English definition: The act of regulating; a rule or order prescribed for management or government; a regulating principle; a precept. Rule of order prescribed by superior or competent authority relating to action on those under its control. (Source: BLACK)
 
 verordening inzake gevaarlijke goederen
 	English: dangerous goods regulation
 	English definition: Rules on the handling of articles or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or property, and that ordinarily require special attention when being transported. (Source: TOLGARa)
 
 verordening met betrekking tot elektronisch afval
 	English: electronic scrap regulation
 	English definition: Government or management prescribed rule for the disposal and recycling of electric parts, circuits and systems, especially computer devices. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 verordening rond toegestane maxima
 	English: regulation on maximum permissible limits
 	English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by a government or an international organization or treaty establishing levels of hazardous materials in the environment or in ingestible substances beyond which human exposure is deemed health-threatening. (Source: SPR)
 
 verpakking
 	English: packaging
 	English definition: All products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or the consumer. (Source: PORT)
 
 verpakkingsafval
 	English: packaging waste
 	English definition: Waste comprised of materials, or items, used to protect, contain, or transport a commodity or product and usually considered a type of consumer waste. (Source: PGE)
 
 verpakkingsindustrie
 	English: packing industry
 
 verplicht gebruik
 	English: compulsory use
 
 verrijken
 	English: enrichment
 	English definition: The process of increasing the abundance of a specified isotope in a mixture of isotopes. It is usually applied to an increase in the proportion of U-235, or the addition of Pu-239 to natural uranium for use in a nuclear reactor or weapon. (Source: DICCHE)
 
 verrijkt uranium
 	English: enriched uranium
 	English definition: Uranium whose concentration of uranium-235, which is able to sustain a nuclear chain reaction, is increased by removing uranium-238. (Source: ALL)
 
 verrottingsproduct
 	English: decay product
 	English definition: An isotope formed by the radioactive decay of some other isotope. This newly formed isotope possesses physical and chemical properties that are different from those of its parent isotope, and may also be radioactive. (Source: LEE)
 
 verslag uitbrengen aan de Minister
 	English: report to the minister
 	English definition: A written account or statement describing in detail observations or the results of an inquiry into an event or situation and presented to any person appointed or elected to a high-level position within some political entity. (Source: RHW)
 
 verspilling
 	English: wastage
 	English definition: Extravagant or useless consumption or expenditures. (Source: RHW)
 
 verspreiding
 	English: distribution
 	English definition: In an environmental context, the term refers to the dispersion of air pollutants and depends on the type of pollution source (point source, line source, diffuse source), the wind velocity and the wind direction. Distribution can be active or passive. (Source: RRDA)
 
 verstedelijking
 	English: urbanisation
 	English definition: The state of being or becoming a community with urban characteristics. (Source: MGH)
 
 verstedelijkt gebied
 	English: conurbation
 	English definition: 1) A large densely populated urban sprawl formed by the growth and coalescence of individual towns or cities.2) Large area covered with buildings (houses or factories or public building, etc.)3) A large area occupied by urban development, which may contain isolated rural areas, and formed by the merging together of expanding towns that formerly were separate. (Source: CED /  PHC /  ALL)
 
 verstooiing van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant dispersion
 	English definition: The spreading of pollutants from a point of release in air, soil and water. The dispersion of air pollutants is heavily influenced by how and where the pollutant is emitted, e.g., by continuous low-level versus accidental releases, multiple stacks versus a few, or the height of the stacks. The nature of the local terrain meteorology and the chemistry of the released material strongly influence the pattern of regional and, finally, global dispersion and transport.
 
 vertegenwoordiging
 	English: representation
 	English definition: Any conduct or action undertaken on behalf of a person, group, business or government, often as an elected or appointed voice. (Source: RHW)
 
 vertraagde doorwerkingseffect; doorwerkingseffect; doorwerking
 	English: carry-over effect
 	English definition: Effect caused by the successive passages of polluting substances through the different organisms of a food chain. (Source: RRDA)
 
 verval van het milieu
 	English: degradation of the environment
 	English definition: The process by which the environment is progressively contaminated, overexploited and destroyed. (Source: RRDA)
 
 verval van natuurlijke rijkdommen
 	English: degradation of natural resources
 	English definition: The result of the cumulative activities of farmers, households, and industries, all trying to improve their socio-economic well being. These activities tend to be counterproductive for several reasons. People may not completely understand the long-term consequences of their activities on the natural resource base. The most important ways in which human activity is interfering with the global ecosystem are: a) fossil fuel burning which may double the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by the middle of the next century, as well as further increasing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen very significantly; b) expanding agriculture and forestry and the associated use of fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorous) are significantly altering the natural circulation of these nutrients; c) increased exploitation of the freshwater system both for irrigation in agriculture and industry and for waste disposal. (Source: WPR)
 
 verval van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant evolution
 	English definition: The process of cumulative reactive change following the introduction of a pollutant into the environment. (Source: ALL)
 
 vervangbaarheid
 	English: substitutability (chemistry)
 	English definition: The capability of a substance of being replaced by another, for example sweeteners used in place of sugar. (Source: RRDA)
 
 vervanging
 	English: replacement
 	English definition: Substitution of an atom or atomic group with a different one. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 vervanging van halogeenverbindingen
 	English: substitution of halogenated compounds
 	English definition: Halogenated compounds, because of their toxical and persistent character, should be substituted by environmental friendly compounds, like water-based fat solvents in metal processing industry or water-based coating agents. (Source: RRDA)
 
 vervangingskosten
 	English: replacement cost
 	English definition: The amount of money involved to replace or have an item take the place of another item. (Source: EFP)
 
 vervoer
 	English: transportation
 	English definition: The act or means of moving tangible objects (persons or goods) from place to place. Often involves the use of some type of vehicle. (Source: LANDY)
 
 vervoer
 	English: transport
 
 vervoer door de (interplanetaire) ruimte
 	English: space transportation
 	English definition: Transportation by means of vehicles designed to operate in free space outside the earth's atmosphere. (Source: WEBSTEa)
 
 vervoer over land
 	English: land transportation
 	English definition: Transport of persons and goods by a network of roads or railways. (Source: RRDA)
 
 vervoer over rivieren
 	English: river transport
 	English definition: Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on rivers. (Source: CEDa)
 
 vervoer per pijpleiding
 	English: transportation by pipeline
 	English definition: Transportation of gases, liquids or slurries by a system of tubes, of steel or plastics. Petroleum, natural gas and products derived from them are the main substances transported by pipelines. (Source: GOOD)
 
 vervoer van gevaarlijke stoffen
 	English: dangerous materials transport
 	English definition: Type of transport regulated by special safety rules. (Source: RRDA)
 
 vervoer van zware goederen
 	English: heavy goods vehicle traffic
 	English definition: Traffic of large motor vehicles designed to carry heavy loads. (Source: CEDa)
 
 vervoersbedrijf
 	English: transportation business
 	English definition: Any commercial venture involved in the processes of conveying things or people from one place to another. (Source: RHW /  OED)
 
 vervoersbeleid
 	English: transportation policy
 	English definition: Comprehensive statements of the objectives and policies which a local transport authority intends to pursue; it includes and estimate of transport expenditure, a statement of transport objectives, etc. (Source: GOOD)
 
 vervoersbestemming
 	English: destination of transport
 	English definition: The targeted place to which persons, materials or commodities are conveyed over land, water or through the air. (Source: RHW)
 
 vervoerskosten
 	English: transport cost
 	English definition: The outlay or expenditure involved in moving goods from one place to another. (Source: ODE)
 
 vervoersmiddel
 	English: transportation mean
 	English definition: Vehicles used for transferring people or goods from one place to another. (Source: RRDA)
 
 vervoersplanning
 	English: transport planning
 	English definition: A programme of action to provide for present and future demands for movement of people and goods. Such a programme is preceded by a transport study and necessarily includes consideration of the various modes of transport. (Source: GOOD)
 
 vervoerssysteem
 	English: transport system
 	English definition: System of lines of movements or communication by road, rail, water or air. (Source: GOOD)
 
 vervoersvoorschrift
 	English: transport regulation
 	English definition: A rule or order prescribed by government or management for the safe and orderly conveyance of persons, materials or commodities over land, water or through the air. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 vervoerswet
 	English: transport law
 	English definition: Rules concerning the movement of goods or persons by sea, railway or road. (Source: WESTSa)
 
 vervoerswijze
 	English: mode of transportation
 	English definition: Type of vehicle used for moving from one place to the other. (Source: RRDA)
 
 vervolging; gerechtelijke vervolging
 	English: prosecution
 	English definition: The pursuit of legal proceedings, particularly criminal proceedings. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 vervuild gebied
 	English: contaminated area
 	English definition: Any site or region that is damaged, harmed or made unfit for use by the introduction of unwanted substances, particularly microorganisms, chemicals, toxic and radioactive materials and wastes. (Source: TOE / HMD)
 
 vervuiling
 	English: contamination
 	English definition: Introduction into or onto water, air, soil or other media of microorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes, wastewater or other pollutants in a concentration that makes the medium unfit for its next intended use. (Source: TOE)
 
 vervuiling
 	English: pollution
 
 vervuiling door motorvoertuigen
 	English: motor vehicle pollution
 	English definition: Pollution caused by gases vented to the atmosphere by internal-combustion-engine driven vehicles.
 
 vervuiling met giftige stoffen
 	English: toxic pollution
 	English definition: Pollution by toxic substances that produce a harmful effect on living organisms by physical contact, ingestion, or inhalation.
 
 verwarming
 	English: heating
 	English definition: A system for supplying heat, especially central heating, to a building. (Source: HARRIS)
 
 verwarmingsinstallatie
 	English: heating plant
 	English definition: Plant for producing and supplying heat. (Source: CEDa)
 
 verwarmingstoestel
 	English: heater
 	English definition: An apparatus that heats or provides heat. (Source: AMHER)
 
 verwerking
 	English: processing
 	English definition: The act of converting material from one form into another desired form. (Source: MGH)
 
 verwerking [afval]
 	English: digestion (sewage)
 	English definition: The reduction in volume and the decomposition of highly putrescible organic matter to relatively stable or inert organic and inorganic compounds. Sludge digestion is usually done by aerobic organisms in the absence of free oxygen.
 
 verwerkt landbouwproduct
 	English: processed agricultural produce
 
 verwerkt voedingsmiddel
 	English: processed foodstuff
 	English definition: Food which has been treated to improve its appearance or to prevent it going bad. (Source: PHCa)
 
 verwijdering
 	English: removal
 	English definition: General term indicating the elimination of substances from a medium or from the environment. (Source: RRDA)
 
 verwijdering van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant elimination
 	English definition: The process of completely removing a pollutant's source as well as the pollutant itself. (Source: ISEP)
 
 verwijzingsinformatie
 	English: referral information
 	English definition: Directions leading someone to another source that is known to provide knowledge or assistance on the specified topic or request. (Source: RHW)
 
 verwijzingsinformatiesysteem
 	English: referral information system
 	English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources organized to provide directions leading people to sources known to provide knowledge or assistance on a specified topic or request. (Source: RHW)
 
 verwildering
 	English: running wild
 	English definition: A state of nature or a quality or state of being undomesticated, untamed or uncultivated. (Source: OED)
 
 verzachtende maatregel
 	English: mitigation measure
 	English definition: Any procedure or action undertaken to reduce the adverse impacts that a project or activity may have on the environment. (Source: TOE)
 
 verzakking; grondverzakking
 	English: subsidence
 	English definition: 1) A sinking down of a part of the earth's crust, generally due to underground excavations.2) The sudden sinking or gradual downward settling of the Earth's surface with little or no horizontal motion. The movement is not restricted in rate, magnitude, or area involved. Subsidence may be caused by natural geologic processes, such as solution, thawing, compaction, slow crustal warping, or withdrawal of fluid lava from beneath a solid crust; or by man's activity, such as subsurface mining or the pumping of oil or ground water. (Source: MGH /  BJGEO)
 
 verzameling van soorten
 	English: variety collection
 	English definition: Assemblage of cultivated plants that are distinguished by any characteristics (morphology, physiology, etc.) significant for purposes of horticulture, agriculture or forestry. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 verzekering
 	English: insurance
 	English definition: The act, system, or business of providing financial protection contingencies, such as death, loss or damage and involving payment of regular premiums in return for a policy guaranteeing such protection. (Source: CED)
 
 verzekering tegen milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution insurance
 	English definition: A commercial agreement which provides protection against the risks, or a particular risk, associated with pollution, toxic waste disposal or related concerns. (Source: RHW)
 
 verzekeringsmaatschappij
 	English: insurance business
 	English definition: A commercial service which provides a guarantee against most losses or harm to a person, property or a firm in return for premiums paid. (Source: RHW /  ISEP)
 
 verzendbericht
 	English: dispatch note
 
 verzendingslijst
 	English: mailing list
 	English definition: A series of addresses or e-mail addresses to which solicited or unsolicited mass mailings can be sent. (Source: RHW)
 
 verzilting van water
 	English: water salination
 	English definition: Process by which water becomes more salty, found especially in hot countries where irrigation is practised. (Source: PHC)
 
 verzuring
 	English: acidification
 	English definition: Addition of an acid to a solution until the pH falls below 7. (Source: MGH)
 
 vestiging van industrieen
 	English: location of industries
 	English definition: The particular place that seems apt for the installation of a new plant; the choice of the site depends on a number of economic and environmental factors. (Source: GOOD)
 
 vezel
 	English: fibre
 	English definition: An extremely long, pliable, cohesive natural or manufactured threadlike object from which yarns are spun to be woven into textiles. (Source: MGH)
 
 via lucht overgedragen geluid
 	English: airborne noise
 	English definition: Noise caused by the movement of large volumes of air and the use of high-pressure air. (Source: CORBIT)
 
 viaduct
 	English: viaduct
 	English definition: A long high bridge, usually held up by many arches, which carries a railway or a road over a valley or other similar area at a lower level. (Source: CAMB)
 
 video
 	English: video
 	English definition: A format or system used to record and transmit visual or audiovisual information by translating moving or still images into electrical signals. (Source: MVG)
 
 vierendelen
 	English: quartering
 	English definition: The act of dismembering the carcass of an animal with the production of organic waste which if improperly disposed cause problems of pollution and fawl smells. (Source: CED)
 
 viertaktmotor
 	English: four stroke engine
 	English definition: An internal combustion engine whose cycle is completed in four piston strokes; includes a suction stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke. (Source: MGH)
 
 vijver
 	English: pond
 	English definition: A natural body of standing fresh water occupying a small surface depression, usually smaller than a lake and larger than a pool. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 vijver
 	English: pool
 	English definition: A small, natural body of standing water, usually fresh; e.g. a stagnant body of water in a marsh, or a still body of water within a cave. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 vinasse
 	English: vinasse
 	English definition: The residual liquid from the distillation of alcoholic liquors, specifically, that remaining from the fermentation and distillation of beet-sugar molasses, valuable as yielding potassium salts, ammonia, etc.
 
 virologie
 	English: virology
 	English definition: The study of submicroscopic organisms known as viruses. (Source: MGH)
 
 virussen
 	English: virus
 	English definition: Submicroscopic agents that infect plants, animals and bacteria, and are unable to reproduce outside the tissues of the host. A fully formed virus consists of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein and lipid (fat) coat. The nucleic acid of the virus interferes with nucleic acid-synthesizing mechanism of the host cell, organizing it to produce more viral nucleic acid. Viruses cause many diseases (e.g., mosaic diseases of many cultivated plants, myxomatosis, foot and mouth disease, the common cold, influenza, measles, poliomyelitis). Many plant viruses are transmitted by insects, some by eelworms. Animal viruses are spread by contact, droplet infection or by insect vectors and some are spread by the exchange of body fluids. (Source: ALL)
 
 vis
 	English: fish
 	English definition: Cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates. (Source: MGH)
 
 vis(be)stand
 	English: fish stock
 	English definition: Quantity of fish held for future use. (Source: PHC)
 
 visbestanden
 	English: fishery resource
 
 viscositeit
 	English: viscosity
 	English definition: Energy dissipation and generation of stresses in a fluid by the distortion of fluid elements; quantitatively, when otherwise qualified, the absolute viscosity. Also known as flow resistance. (Source: MGH)
 
 viskwekerij
 	English: fish farming
 	English definition: Raising of fish in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters. (Source: WPR)
 
 visplaats
 	English: fishing ground
 	English definition: Area of sea or freshwater where fish are caught. (Source: PHCa)
 
 visreservaat
 	English: fishing preserve
 	English definition: Limited portion of a water body where angling is allowed. (Source: RRDA)
 
 visserij
 	English: fishery
 	English definition: The industry of catching, processing and selling fish. (Source: CED)
 
 visserij
 	English: fishery
 
 visserijbeheer
 	English: fisheries management
 	English definition: The administration and handling of aspects of the fishing industry, including the catching, processing and selling of fish. (Source: RHW)
 
 visserijbeleid
 	English: fishery policy
 	English definition: Common Fisheries Policy which covers all fishing activities, the farming of living aquatic resources, and their processing and marketing, on the legal basis of Article 39 of the Treaty of Rome. It was agreed between members of the European Community in 1983. It lays down annual catch limits for major species of fish, a 12-mile exclusive fishing zone for each state, and an equal-access zone of 200 nautical miles from its coast within which any member state is allowed to fish. (Source: ECSA /  SOCIOL)
 
 visserijeconomie
 	English: fishery economics
 	English definition: The production, distribution, and consumption of fish and seafood and all financial aspects of the fishing and seafood industry. (Source: RHW)
 
 visserijsector
 	English: fishing industry
 	English definition: Industry for the handling, processing, and packing of fish or shellfish for market or shipment. (Source: KORENa)
 
 visserijstructuur
 	English: fisheries structure
 	English definition: Refers to all the structures (fishing vessels, trawling nets, factory ships, catcher boats, etc.) used in fishing industry. (Source: PARCORa)
 
 visserijwet
 	English: fishing law
 	English definition: Rules concerning fishing activities; in international law the matter is ruled by the 1958 Geneva Convention. (Source: DEFRA)
 
 vissersboot
 	English: fishing vessel
 
 vissterfte
 	English: fish kill
 	English definition: Fish diseases observed in the past three decades and which have been attributed to pollution include: haemorrhages; tumours; fin rot; deformed fins; and missing scales and tails. In industrialized countries, increasing numbers of fish are deemed inedible. Many small kills are not noticed or are not reported, and large kills are often not included because of insufficient information to determine whether the kills were caused by pollution or by natural factors. Low dissolved oxygen levels resulting from excessive sewage is one of the leading causes. The second most common cause is pesticides. (Source: WPR)
 
 visvergunning
 	English: fishing licence
 	English definition: Official permission granted to individuals or commercial enterprises allowing and regulating by time, location, species, size or amount the fish that can be caught from rivers, lakes or ocean waters within a particular jurisdiction. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 visziekte
 	English: fish disease
 
 vitaminen
 	English: vitamin
 	English definition: An organic compound present in variable, minute quantities in natural foodstuffs and essential for the normal processes of growth and maintenance of the body. (Source: MGH)
 
 vlees
 	English: meat
 	English definition: The edible flesh of animals, especially that of mammals as opposed to that of fish or a nut. (Source: AMHER /  MGH)
 
 vleeseters
 	English: carnivore
 	English definition: An animal that eats meat. (Source: CAMB)
 
 vliegas
 	English: fly ash
 	English definition: Finely divided particles of ash that are entrained in flue gases resulting from the combustion of fuel or other material. The particles of ash may contain incompletely burned fuel and other pollutants. (Source: ALL)
 
 vliegtuig
 	English: aircraft
 	English definition: Any structure, machine, or contrivance, especially a vehicle, designed to be supported by the air, either by the dynamic action of the air upon the surfaces of the structure or object or by its own buoyancy. (Source: MGH)
 
 vliegveld
 	English: airport
 	English definition: A landing and taking-off area for civil aircraft, usually with surfaced runways and aircraft maintenance and passenger facilities. (Source: CED)
 
 vlies
 	English: membrane
 	English definition: A thin tissue that encloses or lines biological cells, organs, or other structures. It consists of a double layer of lipids with protein molecules between the two layers. Membranes are permeable to water and fat-soluble substances but not to such polar molecules as sugars. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 vliesvleugeligen
 	English: hymenopteran
 	English definition: Insects including bees, wasps, ants, and sawflies, having two pair of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging, sawing or piercing. (Source: CED)
 
 vlinders
 	English: butterfly
 	English definition: Any diurnal insect of the order Lepidoptera that has a slender body with clubbed antennae and typically rests with the wings (which are often brightly coloured) closed over the back. (Source: CED)
 
 vloeibaar (gemaakt) gas
 	English: liquefied gas
 	English definition: A gaseous compound or mixture converted to the liquid phase by cooling or compression; examples are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid oxygen, and liquid ammonia. (Source: MGH)
 
 vloeibaar afval
 	English: liquid waste
 	English definition: Fluid wastes, consisting of sewage and domestic wastewater, or processed water, or other liquids, produced by industrial activity, particularly by such industries as pulp and paper production, food processing, and the manufacture of chemicals. (Source: ISEP)
 
 vloeibaar maken van gas
 	English: gas liquefaction
 	English definition: Conversion of a gas to the liquid phase by cooling or compression. (Source: MGH)
 
 vloeibare mest
 	English: liquid manure
 	English definition: Any fertilizer substance with a moisture content of over ninety percent, usually consisting of animal excrement with water added. (Source: MUM)
 
 vloeibare toestand
 	English: liquid state
 	English definition: A state of matter intermediate between that of crystalline substances and gases in which a substance has the capacity to flow under extremely small shear stresses and conforms to the shape of a confining vessel, but is relatively incompressible, lacks the capacity to expand without limit, and can posses a free surface. (Source: MGH)
 
 vloeivelden met afvalwater als mest
 	English: sewage farm
 	English definition: Area of land on which sewage or any other type of waste water is distributed in order to purify it; it is a kind of waste water treatment. (Source: RRDA /  ECHO2)
 
 vlokmiddel
 	English: flocculant
 	English definition: A reagent added to a dispersion of solids in a liquid to bring together the fine particles to form flocs. (Source: MGH)
 
 vlokvorming
 	English: flocculation
 	English definition: A process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of a dispersed substance form large clusters or the aggregation of particles in a colloid to form small lumps, which then settle out. (Source: ALL)
 
 vlooien
 	English: flea
 	English definition: Any of the wingless insects composing the order Siphonaptera; most are ectoparasites of mammals and birds. (Source: MGH)
 
 vluchteling
 	English: refugee
 	English definition: A person who is outside his country of origin and who, due to well-founded fear of persecution, is unable or unwilling to avail himself of that country protection. (Source: GUNN)
 
 vluchtige organische verbinding
 	English: volatile organic compound
 	English definition: Organic compound readily passing off by evaporation. (Source: MGH)
 
 vluchtige stof
 	English: volatile substance
 	English definition: A substance capable of readily changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour; having a high vapour pressure and a low boiling point. (Source: CED)
 
 vluchtigheid
 	English: volatility
 	English definition: The property of a substance or substances to convert into vapor or gas without chemical change. (Source: LEE)
 
 VN-Conferentie over Milieu en Ontwikkeling
 	English: UNCED
 	English definition: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1992. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 vocht
 	English: moisture
 	English definition: 1) The water vapour content of the atmosphere, or the total water substances (gaseous, liquid and solid) present in a given volume of air. 2) Water that is dispersed through a gas in the form of water vapour or small droplets, dispersed through a solid, or condensed on the surface of a solid. (Source: MGH)
 
 voeder
 	English: fodder
 	English definition: Bulk feed for livestock, especially hay, straw, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 voedergewas
 	English: forage crop
 	English definition: Cultivation of crops for consumption by livestock. (Source: PHC)
 
 voedergewas
 	English: fodder plant
 	English definition: Plants used to feed livestock. (Source: AMHER)
 
 voederwet
 	English: forage law
 
 voeding
 	English: nutrition
 	English definition: A process in animals and plants involving the intake of nutrient materials and their subsequent assimilation into the tissues. (Source: CED)
 
 voeding, voedingsmiddel, voedsel, drinkwater
 	English: food, drinking water
 
 voedingsbalans
 	English: nutrient balance
 	English definition: Condition in which there is equilibrium between intake and excretion of nutrients. (Source: STEDMA)
 
 voedingsbodem
 	English: nutrient medium
 	English definition: A medium providing or contributing to nourishment. (Source: CED)
 
 voedingsmiddelenindustrie
 	English: food industry
 	English definition: The commercial production and packaging of foods that are fabricated by processing, by combining various ingredients, or both. (Source: MGH)
 
 voedingsmiddelenindustrie
 	English: food processing industry
 	English definition: A commercial establishment in which food is manufactured or packaged for human consumption. (Source: KOREN)
 
 voedingswaarde
 	English: nutrient content
 	English definition: The amount of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, inorganic salts (e.g. nitrates, phosphates), minerals (e.g. calcium, iron), and water. (Source: PORTa)
 
 voedingswaarde van voedsel
 	English: nutritive value of food
 	English definition: The measure of the quantity or availability of nutrients found in materials ingested and utilized by humans or animals as a source of nutrition and energy. (Source: RHW / MHD)
 
 voedsel
 	English: food
 	English definition: A material that can be ingested and utilized by the organism as a source of nutrition and energy. (Source: MGH)
 
 voedsel
 	English: foodstuff
 	English definition: A substance that can be used or prepared for use as food. (Source: AMHER)
 
 voedseladditief
 	English: food additive
 	English definition: Substances that have no nutritive value in themselves (or are not being used as nutrients) which are added to food during processing to improve colour, texture, flavour, or keeping qualities. (Source: ALL /  MGH)
 
 voedselbehoefte
 	English: food requirement
 	English definition: The minimum food ration required for satisfying the essential needs of an organism. (Source: DELFIN)
 
 voedselbesmetting
 	English: food contamination
 
 voedselbesmetting
 	English: infestation of food
 	English definition: Food that has been contaminated and deteriorated by some kind of pest. (Source: RRDA)
 
 voedselbestraling
 	English: food irradiation
 	English definition: The most recent addition to food preservation technologies is the use of ionizing radiation, which has some distinct advantages over conventional methods. With irradiation, foods can be treated after packaging, thus eliminating post-processing contamination. In addition, foods are preserved in a fresh state and can be kept longer without noticeable loss of quality. Food irradiation leaves no residues, and changes in nutritional value due to irradiation are comparable with those produced by other processes. Irradiation is the process of applying high energy to a material, such as food, to sterilize or extend its shelf-life by killing microorganisms, insects and other pests residing on it. Sources of ionizing radiation that have been used include gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60. Electron beams are produced by linear accelerators, which themselves are powered by electricity. The dose applied to a product is the most important factor of the process. At high doses, food is essentially sterilized, just as occurs in canning. Products so treated can be stored at room temperature almost indefinitely. Controversial and banned in some countries. (Source: IFSE /  VCN)
 
 voedselbewaring
 	English: food preservation
 	English definition: Processing designed to protect food from spoilage caused by microbes, enzymes, and autooxidation. (Source: MGH)
 
 voedselhandel
 	English: food commerce
 	English definition: An interchange of any food commodity or related food products, usually on a large scale. (Source: RHW)
 
 voedselhygiene
 	English: food hygiene
 	English definition: That part of the science of hygiene that deals with the principles and methods of sanitation applied to the quality of foodstuffs, to their processing, preparation, conservation and consumption by man. (Source: GUNN)
 
 voedselketen
 	English: food chain
 	English definition: A sequence of organisms on successive trophic levels within a community, through which energy is transferred by feeding; energy enters the food chain during fixation by primary producers (mainly green plants) and passes to the herbivores (primary consumers) and then to the carnivores (secondary and tertiary consumers). (Source: LBC)
 
 voedselkleurstof
 	English: food colourant
 	English definition: Any digestible substance, usually a synthetic dye, which manufacturers add to food to give it color and enhance its appearance. (Source: INP)
 
 voedselkwaliteit
 	English: food quality
 
 voedselopslag
 	English: food storage
 	English definition: Stock of food kept in storage as a national measure to provide security against fluctuations in food supply. (Source: WPR)
 
 voedselproductie (landbouw)
 	English: food production (agriculture)
 
 voedseltechnologie
 	English: food technology
 	English definition: The application of science and engineering to the refining, manufacturing, and handling of foods; many food technologists are food scientists rather than engineers. (Source: MGH)
 
 voedselvervoer
 	English: food transport
 
 voedselwetenschap
 	English: food science
 	English definition: The applied science which deals with the chemical, biochemical, physical, physiochemical, and biological properties of foods. (Source: MGH)
 
 voertuig
 	English: vehicle
 	English definition: Any conveyance in or by which people or objects are transported. (Source: CED)
 
 voertuiginspectie
 	English: vehicle inspection
 	English definition: An official periodical examination of an automobile, truck, boat, airplane or other means of conveyance to determine compliance in design or operation with legal standards for safety or pollution emissions. (Source: DAM / RHW)
 
 voetganger
 	English: pedestrian
 	English definition: One walking as distinguished from one travelling by car or cycle. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 voetgangerszone
 	English: pedestrian zone
 	English definition: Area where vehicles are not allowed. (Source: CAMB)
 
 voetpad
 	English: footpath
 	English definition: A narrow path for walkers only. (Source: CED)
 
 voetpad langs de kust
 	English: seaside footpath
 	English definition: A route or track running along the coast. (Source: CAMB)
 
 voetpad; pad
 	English: path; footpath; footway; towpath (along a canal)
 	English definition: A route or track between one place to another. (Source: CAMB)
 
 vogelbescherming
 	English: protection of birds
 
 vogelkunde
 	English: ornithology
 	English definition: The branch of zoology that deals with the study of birds, including their physiology, classification, ecology, and behaviour. (Source: AMHER /  CED)
 
 vogelreservaat
 	English: bird sanctuary
 	English definition: Special area where birds are protected. (Source: PHC)
 
 vogels
 	English: bird
 	English definition: Any of the warm-blooded vertebrates which make up the class Aves. (Source: MGH)
 
 vogelsoorten
 	English: bird species
 	English definition: Any species of the warm-blooded vertebrates which make up the class Aves. (Source: MGH)
 
 volgende rangorde
 	English: subsequent order
 
 volgplan
 	English: tracking plan
 	English definition: A formulated or systematic method for following or tracing environmentally related issues or concerns. (Source: OED)
 
 volkenkunde
 	English: ethnology
 	English definition: The science that deals with the study of the origin, distribution, and relations of races or ethnic groups of mankind. (Source: MGH)
 
 volksgezondheid
 	English: public health
 	English definition: The discipline in health science that, at the level of the community or the public, aims at promoting prevention of disease, sanitary living, laws, practices and a healthier environment. (Source: GUNN)
 
 volkstelling
 	English: census survey
 	English definition: An official periodic count of a population including such information as sex, age, occupation, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 volkstraditie
 	English: folk tradition
 	English definition: The common beliefs, practices, customs and other cultural elements of an ethnic or social group that are rooted in the past, but are persisting into the present due to means such as arts and crafts, songs and music, dance, foods, drama, storytelling and certain forms of oral communication. (Source: VFP)
 
 volksverhuizing
 	English: human migration
 	English definition: The permanent or semipermanent change of a person's place of residence. (Source: GOOD)
 
 volledig ontgonnen open mijn
 	English: worked-out open cut
 	English definition: A mine where all the mineral that could be profitably exploited has been removed. (Source: CEDa)
 
 volledige kostendekking
 	English: cost recovery basis
 	English definition: A standard used to provide reimbursement to individuals or organizations for any incurred expense or provided service. (Source: RHW)
 
 volstorten van mijnen
 	English: mine filling
 	English definition: Filling of disused mines with soil, crushed stone, or waste materials in order to restore the geological, agricultural and landscape features of the concerned area. (Source: DIZAMB)
 
 volwassene
 	English: adult
 	English definition: A person who is fully grown, developed or of a specified age. (Source: RHW)
 
 volwassenenonderwijs
 	English: adult education
 	English definition: Any instruction or training, informal or formal, which is geared to persons of mature age, regardless of previous education, and typically offered by university extension programs, employers, correspondence courses or community groups. (Source: RHW)
 
 vonnis
 	English: judgement (sentence)
 	English definition: The official and authentic decision of a court of justice upon the respective rights and claims of the parties to an action or suit therein litigated and submitted to its determination. The final decision of the court resolving the dispute and determining the rights and obligations of the parties. The law's last word in a judicial controversy, it being the final determination by a court of the rights of the parties upon matters submitted to it in an action or proceeding. (Source: WESTS)
 
 vonnis
 	English: ruling
 	English definition: A judicial or administrative interpretation of a provision of a statute, order, regulation, or ordinance. May also refer to judicial determination of admissibility of evidence, allowance of motion, etc. (Source: WESTS)
 
 voor het bos schadelijke dieren of planten
 	English: forest pest
 	English definition: Organisms that damage trees. (Source: CEDa)
 
 voorafgaandelijke melding voor giftig afval
 	English: prior notification for hazardous waste transport
 	English definition: A formal announcement and, often, a request for permission to the proper governmental authorities of the intention to convey across political borders potentially harmful materials that have been left over from manufacturing or testing processes. (Source: KSA)
 
 voorafgaandelijke overeenstemming
 	English: prior informed consent
 
 voorgeschreven verjaring(stermijn)
 	English: prescription statutory limitation
 
 voorkomen van milieuverontreiniging
 	English: pollution prevention
 	English definition: Eliminating the production of hazardous wastes and greenhouse gases at their source, within the production process. This can often be achieved through a variety of relatively simple strategies, including minor changes in manufacturing processes, substitution of non-polluting products for polluting products, and simplification of packaging. Companies practicing waste reduction have saved hundreds of millions of dollars, and used it to catalyze employee involvement and eliminate the need for expensive end-of-the-pipe filtering. (Source: GLOCHA)
 
 voorkomen van waterverontreiniging
 	English: water pollution prevention
 	English definition: Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert or hinder human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of water. (Source: TOE)
 
 voorkoming
 	English: prevention
 	English definition: The act of keeping from happening, especially by taking precautionary action. (Source: CED)
 
 voorkoming van bosbranden
 	English: prevention of forest fires
 	English definition: Precautionary actions, measures or installations implemented to avert the possibility of an unexpected conflagration of any large wooded area having a thick growth of trees and plants. (Source: ISEP /  RHW)
 
 voorkoming van natuurlijke risico's
 	English: natural risks prevention
 	English definition: Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert the probability of harm to humans, property or natural resources posed by conditions or events in the environment neither initiated nor formed by human activity. (Source: HMD / RHW)
 
 voorkoming van schade
 	English: damage prevention
 	English definition: The aggregate of approaches and measures to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not cause damage. It implies the formulation and implementation of long-range policies and programmes to eliminate or prevent the damages caused by disasters. (Source: GUNN)
 
 voorkomingsmaatregel
 	English: prevention measure
 	English definition: Measures taken in advance to prevent the occurrence of disasters or similar emergencies. (Source: GUNNa)
 
 voorkoop
 	English: pre-emption
 	English definition: The right of first refusal to purchase land in the event that the grantor of the right should decide to sell.
 
 voorraad
 	English: stock (trade)
 	English definition: Stored products ready for sale.
 
 voorraad aan (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen
 	English: resource reserve
 
 voorschrift
 	English: prescription
 	English definition: Acquisition of a personal right to use a way, water, light and air by reason of continuous usage. Prescription is a peremptory and perpetual bar to every species of action, real or personal, when creditor has been silent for a certain time without urging his claim. (Source: WESTS)
 
 voorschriften voor de landbouwproductie
 	English: regulation of agricultural production
 	English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty pertaining to the cultivation of land, raising crops, or feeding, breeding and raising livestock. (Source: BLD / RHW)
 
 voorspelde immissie
 	English: immission forecast
 	English definition: The prediction of immissions is calculated on the basis of the pollutant load, the source height, the wind speed and the dispersion coefficient. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 voorspelling
 	English: forecast
 	English definition: An estimate or prediction of a future condition. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 voorspelling op lange termijn
 	English: long-term forecasting
 	English definition: The act or process of predicting and calculating the likely conditions or occurrences for an extended and future point in time, often involving the study and analysis of pertinent data. (Source: RHW / MHE)
 
 voorspellingsgegevens
 	English: prognostic data
 
 voorstedelijk gebied
 	English: periurban space
 	English definition: Any expanse of land or region located on the outskirts of a city or town. (Source: RHW)
 
 voorstelling
 	English: show
 	English definition: A performance, program or exhibition providing entertainment to a group of people, displayed either through some communication media, such as radio or television, or live at a museum or theater. (Source: RHW)
 
 voorstelling dat men van een risico heeft
 	English: risk perception
 	English definition: A subjective appreciation by individuals which will more often than not bear little relation to the statistical probability of damage or injury. (Source: GRAHAW)
 
 voortplanting
 	English: reproduction (biological)
 	English definition: Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal or plant produces one or more individuals similar to itself. (Source: CED)
 
 voortplanting van planten
 	English: plant reproduction
 	English definition: Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which a plant produces one or more individuals similar to itself. (Source: CED)
 
 voortplantingsmanipulatie
 	English: reproductive manipulation
 	English definition: The technology involved in altering in some prescribed way the genetic constitution of an organism. Typically 'useful' genes, i.e. very short sequence of DNA, are isolated from one organism and inserted into the DNA of a bacterium of yeast. These microorganisms multiply rapidly and can be cultured easily, enabling large quantities of the gene product to be obtained. Reproductive manipulation has been used for the large-scale production of antibiotics, enzymes, and hormones (e.g. insulin). Organisms into which foreign DNA has been artificially inserted are called 'transgenic organisms'. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 voortstuwingswijze
 	English: propulsion technique
 	English definition: Technique for causing a body to move by exerting a force against it. (Source: MGH)
 
 voorzorgsbeginsel
 	English: precautionary principle
 	English definition: Principle adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) that in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. (Source: GILP96)
 
 voorzorgsmaatregel tegen brand
 	English: fire precaution
 	English definition: Measure, action or installation implemented in advance to avert the possibility of any unexpected and potentially harmful combustion of materials. (Source: RHW)
 
 vorm van der aardkorst
 	English: landform
 	English definition: Any physical, recognizable form or feature of the Earth's surface, having a characteristic shape and produced by natural causes; it includes major forms such as plane, plateau and mountain, and minor forms such as hill, valley, slope, esker, and dune. Taken together the landforms make up the surface configuration of the Earth's. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 vorming van verontreinigende stoffen
 	English: pollutant formation
 	English definition: The act or process in which polluting agents are created, produced or formed. (Source: OED / RHW)
 
 vorst
 	English: frost
 	English definition: A deposit of interlocking ice crystals formed by direct sublimation on objects. (Source: MGH)
 
 vraag
 	English: demand
 	English definition: The desire, ability and willingness of an individual to purchase a good or service. The consumer must have the funds or the ability to obtain funds in order to convert the desire into demand. The demand of a buyer for a certain good is a schedule of the quantities of that good which the individual would buy at possible alternative prices at a given moment in time. (Source: GREENW)
 
 vraag en aanbod
 	English: supply and demand
 	English definition: The relationship between the amount or quantity of a commodity that is available for purchase and the desire or ability of consumers to buy or purchase the commodity, which, in theory, determines the commodity's price in a free market. (Source: MGHME)
 
 vraag naar water
 	English: water demand
 
 vrachtvervoer
 	English: freight transport
 	English definition: Transportation of goods by ship, aircraft or other vehicles. (Source: RRDA)
 
 vrachtwagen
 	English: lorry
 	English definition: A large motor vehicle designed to carry heavy loads, especially one with a flat platform. (Source: CED)
 
 vrij toegankelijke informatie
 	English: public information
 	English definition: Factual or circumstantial knowledge or the service, office or station providing this knowledge for an entire population or community, without restriction. (Source: RHW)
 
 vrij verkeer van kapitaal
 	English: free movement of capital
 	English definition: The unrestrained flow of cash, funds, and other means of wealth between countries with different currencies. (Source: RHW)
 
 vrije tijd
 	English: leisure time
 	English definition: Time free from work or other duties; spare time.
 
 vrijetijdsbesteding
 	English: leisure activity
 	English definition: Sports and recreational activities carried out in the time free from work or other duties.
 
 vrijetijdsbesteding
 	English: use of leisure time
 	English definition: Making use of free time to carry out recreational activities. (Source: RRDA)
 
 vrijetijdscentrum
 	English: leisure centre
 	English definition: A building containing a swimming pool and a large room or other places where you can play sports. (Source: CAMB)
 
 vrijhandel
 	English: free trade
 	English definition: Trade which is unimpeded by tariffs, import and export quotas and other measures which obstruct the free movement of goods and services between states. (Source: GOOD)
 
 vrijheid
 	English: freedom
 	English definition: The quality or state of being free, especially to enjoy political and civil liberties. (Source: CED)
 
 vrijwillig natuurreservaat
 	English: voluntary natural reserve
 	English definition: Area of national interest which is protected under the responsibility of its owner in order to safeguard wildlife, archeological and geological sites. (Source: UNIONa)
 
 vrijwilligerswerk
 	English: voluntary work
 	English definition: Unpaid activities done by citizens often organized in associations, to provide services to others, particularly to elderly and poor people, handicapped, etc. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem
 	English: early warning system
 	English definition: Any series of procedures and devices designed to detect sudden or potential threats to persons, property or the environment at the first sign of danger; especially a system utilizing radar technology. (Source: RHW)
 
 vrouw
 	English: woman
 	English definition: An adult human female.
 
 vruchtenboom
 	English: fruit tree
 	English definition: Any tree that bears edible fruit. (Source: CED)
 
 vruchtwisseling
 	English: crop rotation
 	English definition: An agricultural technique in which, season after season, each field is sown with crop plants in a regular rotation, each crop being repeated at intervals of several years. Crop rotation minimizes the risks of depleting the soil of particular nutrients. In rotation systems, a grain crop is often grown the first year, followed by a leafy-vegetable crop in the second year, and a pasture crop in the third. The last usually contains legumes; such plants can restore nitrogen to the soil. Notwithstanding, high yields tend to depend upon the continued addition of chemical fertilizers to the soil. (Source: GILP96)
 
 vuilniswagen
 	English: refuse collection vehicle
 	English definition: Special vehicles designed and equipped for the collection of wastes and their transportation to a waste disposal site. (Source: MANCOSa)
 
 vulcaniseren
 	English: vulcanisation
 	English definition: A chemical reaction of sulfur (or other vulcanizing agent) with rubber or plastic to cause cross-linking of the polymer chains; it increases strength and resiliency of the polymer. (Source: MGH)
 
 vulkaan
 	English: volcano
 	English definition: A vent in the surface of the Earth through which magma and associated gases and ash erupt; also, the form or structure, usually conical, that is produced by the ejected material. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 vulkaanuitbarsting
 	English: volcanic eruption
 	English definition: The ejection of solid, liquid, or gaseous material from a volcano. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 vulkanisch gebied
 	English: volcanic area
 
 vulkanisme
 	English: volcanism
 	English definition: The processes by which magma and its associated gases rise into the crust and are extruded onto the Earth's surface and into the atmosphere. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 vulkanologie
 	English: volcanology
 	English definition: The branch of geology that deals with volcanism. (Source: MGH)
 
 vulmiddel
 	English: filling material
 	English definition: Any substance used to fill the holes and irregularities in planed or sanded surfaces so as to decrease the porosity of the surface for finish coatings. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 waarde
 	English: value
 	English definition: Worth, merit or importance of something. (Source: CED)
 
 waardeverandering
 	English: change in value
 
 waarschuwingsplan
 	English: warning plan
 	English definition: A scheme or method of acting developed in advance to notify as quickly as possible the affected population of any sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action. (Source: ISEP)
 
 Waddenzee
 	English: Wadden Sea
 	English definition: The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. (Source: CWSS)
 
 wagen
 	English: car
 	English definition: A four-wheeled motor vehicle used for land transport, usually propelled by a gasoline or diesel internal combustion engine. (Source: RHW)
 
 walvisachtigen
 	English: cetacean
 	English definition: Aquatic mammals, including the whales, dolphins, and porpoises. (Source: MGH)
 
 walvissen
 	English: whale
 	English definition: Large marine mammals of the order Cetacea; the body is streamlined, the broad flat tail is used for propulsion, and the limbs are balancing structures. (Source: MGH)
 
 walvisvangst
 	English: whaling
 	English definition: Catching whales to use as food or for their oil, etc. Whales are the largest mammals still in existence. They are caught mainly for their oils, though in some case for food. Some species of whale have become extinct because of overexploitation and the population of many of the existing species is dangerously low. Commercial whaling is severely restricted. (Source: PHC)
 
 wandelpad
 	English: hiking trail
 	English definition: A trail in the country along which one can walk, usually for pleasure or exercise. (Source: CEDa)
 
 wandkaart; kaart
 	English: chart; map
 	English definition: A map, generally designed for navigation or other particular purposes, in which essential map information is combined with various other data critical to the intended use. (Source: MGH)
 
 wangedrag ten opzichte van het milieu
 	English: environmental misconduct
 
 wantsen
 	English: bug
 	English definition: Any of the suborder Heteroctera, having piercing and sucking mouthparts, specialized as a beak. (Source: CED)
 
 wapen
 	English: weapon
 	English definition: An instrument of attack or defense in combat, as a gun, missile, or sword. (Source: AMHER)
 
 wapenomschakeling
 	English: armament conversion
 	English definition: Change in character, form or function of the arms and equipment with which a military unit is supplied.
 
 wapens
 	English: armament
 	English definition: The weapons, ammunition and equipment, or the total force held by a military unit or state. (Source: RHW)
 
 warm water
 	English: hot water
 
 warm water
 	English: thermal water
 	English definition: Water, generally of a spring or geyser, whose temperature is appreciably above the local mean annual air temperature. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 warmbloedig dier
 	English: warm-blooded animal
 	English definition: Animal which has a body temperature that stays the same and does not change with the temperature of its surroundings. (Source: CAMB)
 
 warmte (fysica)
 	English: heat (physics)
 	English definition: A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature: it is equal to the total kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of a system. (Source: CED)
 
 warmte- en krachtcentrale op basis van afval
 	English: waste-fed heating and power plant
 	English definition: Heating and power production plant where fuel is provided from refuse. (Source: PHCa)
 
 warmte-apparatuur
 	English: thermal equipment
 	English definition: Equipment related to the production of heat. (Source: AMHER)
 
 warmtebehandeling
 	English: thermal treatment
 	English definition: 1) Heating and cooling a metal or alloy to obtain desired properties or conditions. 2) Treatment of hazardous waste in a device which uses elevated temperatures as the primary means to change the chemical, physical, or biological character or composition of the hazardous waste. Examples of thermal treatment processes are incineration, molten salt, pyrolysis, calcination, wet air oxidation, and microwave discharge. (Source: MGH /  LEE)
 
 warmtecentrale
 	English: thermal power plant
 	English definition: A power-generating plant which uses heat to produce energy. Such plants may burn fossil fuels or use nuclear energy to produce the necessary thermal energy. (Source: LANDY)
 
 warmtecentrale op basis van afval
 	English: waste-fed heating plant
 	English definition: Heating plant where fuel is provided from refuse. (Source: PHC)
 
 warmte-energie uit de zee
 	English: thermal sea power
 	English definition: The concept of utilizing the temperature differences of 20degC or more that occur between the surface of an ocean and its depths to achieve a continuous supply of power; this temperature difference may be found in the tropical regions of the world. Various small plants have been constructed to demonstrate the principle. (Source: GILP96)
 
 warmte-isolatie
 	English: thermal insulation
 	English definition: The process of preventing the passage of heat to or from a body by surrounding it with a nonconducting material. (Source: CED)
 
 warmtekrachtcentrale
 	English: heat and power station
 	English definition: Power station which produces both electricity and hot water for the local population. A CHP (Combined Heat and Power Station) plant may operate on almost any fuel, including refuse. (Source: PHC)
 
 warmtekrachtkoppeling
 	English: cogeneration
 	English definition: Usually the generation of heat in the form of steam, and the generation of power in the form of electricity. Combined heat and power plants are able to convert a much higher proportion of the energy in fuel into final output. The steam produced may be used through heat exchangers in a district heating scheme, while the electricity provides lighting and power. (Source: GILP96)
 
 warmte-krachtkoppeling
 	English: power-heat relation
 	English definition: The ratio of the work done by an engine to the heat supplied. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 warmtepomp
 	English: heat pump
 	English definition: A device which transfers heat from a cooler reservoir to a hotter one, expending mechanical energy in the process, especially when the main purpose is to heat the hot reservoir rather than refrigerate the cold one. (Source: MGH)
 
 warmteverontreiniging
 	English: thermal pollution
 	English definition: The excessive raising or lowering of water temperature above or below normal seasonal ranges in streams, lakes, or estuaries or oceans as the result of discharge of hot or cold effluents into such water. (Source: LANDY /  WPR)
 
 warmtevoorziening
 	English: heat supply
 	English definition: The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a municipality, or other heat user. (Source: ISEP)
 
 warmwaterketel
 	English: boiler
 	English definition: An enclosed vessel in which water is heated and circulated, either as hot water or as steam, for heating or power. (Source: AMHER)
 
 wasmiddel
 	English: detergent
 	English definition: A surface-active agent used for removing dirt and grease from a variety of surfaces and materials. Early detergents contained alkyl sulphonates, which proved resistant to bacterial decomposition, causing foaming in rivers and difficulties in sewage treatment plants. These hard detergents were replaced during the 1960s with soft biodegradable detergents. Apprehension continues to be expressed about the use of phosphates in detergents, helping to promote the process of eutrophication. No satisfactory substitute has yet emerged. (Source: GILP96)
 
 wassen
 	English: washing
 	English definition: The process of cleaning or removing dirt and other matter, usually with water or some other liquid. (Source: RHW)
 
 wassen en strijken
 	English: laundering
 	English definition: The act of washing and ironing clothes, linen, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 water
 	English: waterlogged land
 	English definition: Waterlogging is an effect of canal irrigation; it occurs when the water table rises to within 3 meters of a crop's roots, impeding their ability to absorb oxygen and ultimately compromising crop yields. Many factors contribute to waterlogging. These include inadequate drainage, improper balance in the use of groundwater and surface water, seepage and percolation from unlined channels, overwatering, planting crops not suited to specific soils, and inadequate preparation of land before irrigation. (Source: WRES)
 
 water
 	English: water (substance)
 	English definition: Common liquid (H2O) which forms rain, rivers, the sea, etc., and which makes up a large part of the bodies of organisms. (Source: PHC)
 
 water
 	English: water
 
 water dat niet onder de territoriale eigendomsrechten valt
 	English: non-demesnial water
 	English definition: A body of water that is owned and maintained by an individual or entity other than the national government. (Source: OED)
 
 water rijk aan rottend organisch materiaal
 	English: saprobe
 	English definition: Referring to the classification of organisms according to the way in which they tolerate pollution. (Source: PHC)
 
 water voor (menselijk) gebruik
 	English: water for consumption
 	English definition: Consumptive water use starts with withdrawal, but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent use. (Source: GOOD)
 
 water voor industrieel gebruik
 	English: water for industrial use
 	English definition: Water used by industries for purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing and cooling, which is obtained from a public supply or through self-supplied sources. (Source: WWC)
 
 wateranalyse
 	English: water analysis
 	English definition: Study of the chemical, physical and biological properties of water. (Source: PORT)
 
 waterbalans
 	English: hydrologic balance
 	English definition: An accounting of the inflow to, outflow from, and storage in a hydrologic unit such as a drainage basin, aquifer, soil zone, lake or reservoir; the relationship between evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and the change in water storage. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 waterbeheer
 	English: water management
 	English definition: Measures taken to ensure an adequate supply of water and a responsible utilization of water resources. (Source: KORENa /  PARCOR)
 
 waterbehoud
 	English: water conservation
 	English definition: The protection, development and efficient management of water resources for beneficial purposes. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 waterbeluchting
 	English: water aeration
 	English definition: Addition of air to sewage or water so as to raise its dissolved oxygen level. (Source: RRDA)
 
 waterbescherming
 	English: water protection
 	English definition: Measures to conserve surface and groundwater; to ensure the continued availability of water for growing domestic, commercial and industrial uses and to ensure sufficient water for natural ecosystems. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 waterbeschermingswetgeving
 	English: water protection legislation
 
 waterbesparing
 	English: water saving
 	English definition: Management of water resources aiming at ensuring the continued availability of water for human uses and natural ecosystems. (Source: GILP96)
 
 waterbezit
 	English: demesnial water
 	English definition: A body of water that is owned and maintained by a national governmental body or agency. (Source: OED)
 
 waterbodem
 	English: water bottom
 	English definition: The floor upon which any body of water rests. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 waterbouw
 	English: hydraulic engineering
 	English definition: A branch of civil engineering concerned with the design, erection, and construction of sewage disposal plants, waterworks, dams, water-operated power plants and such. (Source: MGH)
 
 waterbouwkundig bouwwerk
 	English: hydraulic construction
 	English definition: Any structure built to route the flow of water, or to support the weight and pressure of a body of water. (Source: ENC / LIV)
 
 waterbron
 	English: water well
 	English definition: A well sunk to extract water from a zone of saturation. (Source: MGH)
 
 waterbronnen
 	English: water resource
 	English definition: Water in any of its forms, wherever located - atmosphere, surface or ground - which is or can be of value to man. (Source: LANDY)
 
 waterbronnenbescherming
 	English: water resources conservation
 	English definition: Controlled utilization or protection of any supply of water so that it is potentially useful for some purpose, such as for an economic, recreational or life-sustaining purpose. (Source: MHE / EEN / WWC)
 
 watercultuur
 	English: aquaculture
 	English definition: 1) The cultivation and harvest of freshwater or marine animals and plants, in ponds, tanks, cages or on protected beds. This is usually done in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters. It is estimated that commercial fish farming accounts for more than 10% of the world's fish needs. Fish farming usually concentrates on molluscs, including oysters, mussels and clams, because they are usually immobile and fetch high prices. Shrimps and salmon are also farmed, but the stock have to be caught in the wild first, so that they can be brought up to commercial standards in pens. Aquaculture in not new. In Asia freshwater fish have been farmed for some 4.000 years, usually on small farms. 2) The use of artificial means to increase the production of aquatic organisms in fresh or salt water. (Source: WRIGHT /  LANDY)
 
 waterdier
 	English: aquatic animal
 	English definition: Animal having a water habitat. (Source: RRDA)
 
 waterdistributiesysteem
 	English: water distribution system
 	English definition: The system of pipes supplying water to communities and industries. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 wateren
 	English: water (geographic)
 	English definition: The liquid that forms streams, lakes, and seas, and issues from the ground in springs. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 watererosie
 	English: water erosion
 	English definition: The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL)
 
 watergebruik
 	English: water utilisation
 	English definition: Three types of water use are distinguished: a) withdrawal, where water is taken from a river, or surface or underground reservoir, and after use returned to a natural water body, e.g. water used for cooling in industrial processes. Such return flows are particularly important for downstream users in the case of water taken from rivers; b) consumptive, which starts with withdrawal but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent uses; c) non-withdrawal, i.e. the in situ use of a water body for navigation (including the floating of logs by the lumber industry), fishing, recreation, effluent disposal and hydroelectric power generation. (Source: LEE)
 
 watergegevens
 	English: water statistics
 
 waterhardheid
 	English: water hardness
 	English definition: The amount of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in water. (Source: MGHa)
 
 waterhyacint
 	English: water hyacinth
 	English definition: Floating aquatic plant, Eichornia crassipes of tropical America, having showy bluish-purple flowers and swollen leafstalks: family Pontederiaceae. It forms dense masses in rivers, ponds, etc., and is a serious pest in the southern U.S., Java, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Africa. (Source: CED)
 
 waterig milieu
 	English: aquatic environment
 	English definition: Waters, including wetlands, that serve as habitat for interrelated and interacting communities and populations of plants and animals. (Source: LEE)
 
 waterkracht
 	English: water power
 	English definition: Energy obtained from natural or artificial waterfalls, either directly by turning a water wheel or turbine, or indirectly by generating electricity in a dynamo driven by a turbine. (Source: MGH)
 
 waterkracht
 	English: hydroelectric energy
 	English definition: The free renewable source of energy provided by falling water that drives the turbines. Hydropower is the most important of the regenerable energy sources because of its highest efficiency at the energy conversion. There are two types of hydroelectric power plants: a) run-of-river power plants for the use of affluent water; b) storage power plants (power stations with reservoir) where the influx can be regulated with the help of a reservoir. Mostly greater differences in altitudes are being used, like mountain creeks. Power stations with reservoirs are generally marked by barrages with earth fill dam or concrete dams. Though hydropower generally can be called environmentally acceptable, there exist also some problems: a) change of groundwater level and fill up of the river bed with rubble. b) Risk of dam breaks. c) Great demand for land space for the reservoir. d) Diminution, but partly also increase of value of recreation areas. As the hydropowers of the world are limited, the world energy demand however is rising, finally the share of hydropower will decrease. (Source: PORT /  PHC /  PZ)
 
 waterkrachtcentrale
 	English: hydroelectric power plant
 	English definition: Power station which operates with the free renewable source of energy provided by falling water. (Source: PORT)
 
 waterkringloop
 	English: hydrologic cycle
 	English definition: The movement of water between the oceans, ground surface and atmosphere by evaporation, precipitation and the activity of living organisms, as one of the mayor biogeochemical cycles. Each day water evaporates from the oceans and is carried in the air from the sea over the land, which receives it as precipitation, and finally returns from the land to the sea through rivers, thus completing the cycle. (Source: ALLa)
 
 waterkwaliteit
 	English: water quality
 	English definition: A graded value of the components (organic and inorganic, chemical or physical) which comprise the nature of water. (Source: LANDY)
 
 waterkwaliteitsbeheer
 	English: water quality management
 	English definition: Water quality management concerns four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial or agricultural) to be made of the water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed industrial-municipal waste treatment improvements) and enforcement plans, and an anti-degradation statement to protect existing high quality waters. (Source: USC)
 
 waterleidingbedrijf
 	English: waterworks
 	English definition: Plant for treating and purifying water before it is pumped into pipes for distribution to houses, factories, schools, etc. (Source: PHC)
 
 waterlichaam
 	English: water body
 	English definition: Any mass of water having definite hydrological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics and which can be employed for one or several purposes. (Source: FLGISA)
 
 waterloop
 	English: watercourse
 	English definition: A natural stream arising in a given drainage basin but not wholly dependent for its flow on surface drainage in its immediate area, flowing in a channel with a well-defined bed between visible banks or through a definite depression in the land, having a definite and permanent or periodic supply of water, and usually, but not necessarily, having a perceptible current in a particular direction and discharging at a fixed point into another body of water. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 watermolen
 	English: water mill
 	English definition: A mill whose power is provided by a large wheel which is turned by moving water, especially a river. (Source: CAMB)
 
 wateronttrekking
 	English: water extraction
 	English definition: Pumping of water for different purposes (i.e. agriculture, land reclamation, domestic and industrial use, etc.). (Source: RRDA)
 
 waterplant
 	English: aquatic plant
 	English definition: Plants adapted for a partially or completely submerged life. (Source: LBC)
 
 waterpomp
 	English: water pump
 	English definition: A machine or apparatus used to lift water, usually from a well or borehole, which is powered manually or by engine, wind or some other source. (Source: RHW / GLG)
 
 waterprijs
 	English: water cost
 	English definition: The value or the amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of water. (Source: EFP / RHW)
 
 waterregeneratie
 	English: water regeneration
 	English definition: A process in which naturally occurring microorganisms, plants, trees or geophysical processes break down, degrade or filter out hazardous substances or pollutants from a body of water, cleansing and treating contaminated water without human intervention. (Source: OSW)
 
 waterrijk gebied
 	English: wetland
 	English definition: Areas that are inundated by surface or ground water with frequency sufficient to support a prevalence of vegetative or aquatic life that requires saturated or seasonally saturated soil conditions for growth or reproduction. (Source: LANDY)
 
 waterschade
 	English: water damage
 	English definition: Water damage can be caused by flooding, severe storms, tidal waves, seismic seawaves, storm surges, etc. (Source: WPR)
 
 waterschap
 	English: water regulatory authority
 	English definition: The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies relating to the preservation and protection of water resources. (Source: BLD)
 
 waterstand
 	English: water level
 	English definition: The level reached by the surface of a body of water. (Source: CED)
 
 waterstof
 	English: hydrogen
 	English definition: A flammable colourless gas that is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. It occurs mainly in water and in most organic compounds and is used in the production of ammonia and other chemicals, in the hydrogenation of fats and oils, and in welding. (Source: CED)
 
 watertoezicht
 	English: water monitoring
 	English definition: Studies conducted to estimate the quantity and the quality of pollutants, nutrients and suspended solids contained in water bodies and to assess sources and factors associated with agricultural practices, industrial activities or other human activities. (Source: DNRa)
 
 waterval
 	English: waterfall
 	English definition: A perpendicular or steep descent of the water of a stream, as where it crosses an outcrop of resistant rock overhanging softer rock that has been eroded or flows over the edge of a plateau of cliffed coast. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 waterverbruik
 	English: water consumption
 	English definition: The utilization patterns and quantities entailed in a community or human group's use of water for survival, comfort and enjoyment. (Source: ODE / RHW)
 
 waterverkeer
 	English: traffic on water
 	English definition: The movement of boats and other vessels over any water route or area. (Source: RHW)
 
 waterverontreiniging
 	English: water pollution
 	English definition: The manmade or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological and radiological integrity of water. (Source: LANDY)
 
 watervervoer
 	English: water transportation
 	English definition: Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea or on inland waterways. (Source: CEDa)
 
 watervervuiler
 	English: water pollutant
 	English definition: A chemical or physical agent introduced to any body of water that may detrimentally alter the natural condition of that body of water and other associated bodies of water. (Source: FFD / ISEP)
 
 watervlooien
 	English: water flea
 	English definition: Fresh-water branchiopod crustaceans characterized by a transparent bivalve shell. (Source: MGH)
 
 watervoerende laag
 	English: aquifer
 	English definition: Layers of rock, sand or gravel that can absorb water and allow it to flow. An aquifer acts as a groundwater reservoir when the underlying rock is impermeable. This may be tapped by wells for domestic, agricultural or industrial use. A serious environmental problem arises when the aquifer is contaminated by the seepage of sewage or toxins from waste dumps. If the groundwater in coastal areas is over-used salt water can seep into the aquifer. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 watervogels
 	English: waterfowl
 	English definition: Aquatic birds which constitute the order Anseriformes, including the swans, ducks, geese, and screamers. (Source: MGH)
 
 watervoorziening
 	English: water supply
 	English definition: A source or volume of water available for use; also, the system of reservoirs, wells, conduits, and treatment facilities required to make the water available and usable. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 waterweg
 	English: waterway
 	English definition: A river, canal, or other navigable channel used as a means of travel or transport. (Source: CED)
 
 waterwetenschappen
 	English: water science
 	English definition: The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment. (Source: MGH)
 
 waterwinning
 	English: water collection
 	English definition: The catching of water, especially rain water, in a structure such as a basin or reservoir. (Source: RRDA)
 
 waterzoogdier
 	English: aquatic mammal
 
 waterzuivering
 	English: water purification
 	English definition: Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized. (Source: MGH)
 
 waterzuivering
 	English: water treatment
 	English definition: Purification of water to make it suitable for drinking or for any other use. (Source: MGH)
 
 waterzuiveringsinstallatie
 	English: water purification plant
 	English definition: Plant where water, through physical and chemical processes, is made suitable for human consumption and other purposes. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 weefsel
 	English: tissue
 	English definition: A part of an organism consisting of a large number of cells having a similar structure and function. (Source: CED)
 
 weefselophoping
 	English: accumulation in body tissues
 
 weekdieren
 	English: mollusc
 	English definition: Any of various invertebrates having a soft unsegmented body and often a shell, secreted by a fold of skin. (Source: CED)
 
 weekmaker
 	English: softening agent
 	English definition: 1) A substance added to another substance to increase its softness, pliability, or plasticity. 2) A substance, such as a zeolite, for softening water. (Source: CED)
 
 weer
 	English: weather
 	English definition: The day-to-day meteorological conditions, especially temperature, cloudiness, and rainfall, affecting a specific place. (Source: CED)
 
 weerkaatsing
 	English: reflection
 	English definition: The return of waves or particles from surfaces on which they are incident. (Source: MGH)
 
 weerkunde
 	English: meteorology
 	English definition: The science concerned with the atmosphere and its phenomena. (Source: MGH)
 
 weerkundig onderzoek
 	English: meteorological research
 	English definition: Study of meteorological elements such as wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, evaporation, solar radiation, visibility and cloud cover in order to collect data for weather forecast or for specific research purposes. (Source: YOUNG)
 
 weerkundig verschijnsel
 	English: meteorological phenomenon
 	English definition: Phenomena which occur in the troposphere and stratosphere, such as precipitations, wind, temperature, etc. (Source: RRDA)
 
 weerkundige parameter
 	English: meteorological parameter
 	English definition: Variables, such as pressure, temperature, wind strength, humidity, etc. from which conclusions as to the forthcoming weather are drawn. (Source: UVAROVa)
 
 weerkundige ramp
 	English: meteorological disaster
 	English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change to the environment related to, produced by, or affecting the earth's atmosphere, especially the weather-forming processes. (Source: ISEP)
 
 weerstand(svermogen)
 	English: resistance (biological)
 	English definition: 1) The ability of a plant to overcome, retard, suppress, or prevent infection or colonization by a pathogen, parasite, or adverse abiotic factor. 2) The ability of insects, fungi, weeds, or other pests to survive normally lethal doses of an insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, or other pesticide. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 weerstoestand
 	English: weather condition
 	English definition: The complex of meteorological characteristics in a given region. (Source: RRDA)
 
 weersverandering
 	English: weather modification
 	English definition: The changing of natural weather phenomena by technical means. (Source: MGH)
 
 weersvoorspelling
 	English: meteorological forecasting
 	English definition: A branch of science that studies the dynamics of the atmosphere and the direct effects of the atmosphere upon the Earth's surface, oceans and inhabitants, focusing particularly on weather and weather conditions. (Source: INP / NOA / EEN)
 
 weersvoorspelling
 	English: weather forecasting
 	English definition: The act or process of predicting and highlighting meteorological conditions that are expected for a specific time period and for a specific area or portion of air space, by using objective models based on certain atmospheric parameters, along with the skill and experience of a meteorologist. (Source: FEM / AUS)
 
 weerswaarneming
 	English: weather monitoring
 	English definition: The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the state of the atmosphere and climate, including variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity and barometric pressure. (Source: TOE / RHW)
 
 weg
 	English: road
 	English definition: A long piece of hard ground that people can drive along from one place to another. (Source: CAMB)
 
 weg
 	English: route
 	English definition: Any established or selected course for passage or travel. (Source: RHW)
 
 weg- en waterbouwkunde
 	English: civil engineering
 	English definition: The planning, design, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures and ground facilities for industry, transportation, use and control of water or occupancy. (Source: MGH)
 
 weg(en)zout
 	English: road salt
 	English definition: Salt used against the formation of ice on roads; when excess salt washes off the roads, it can poison roadside vegetation or raise salt concentrations in streams and reserves of underground water. It also accelerates the deterioration of concrete and metal. (Source: WPR)
 
 wegenbouw
 	English: road construction
 
 wegennet
 	English: road network
 	English definition: The system of roads through a country. (Source: RRDA)
 
 wegenonderhoud
 	English: road maintenance
 	English definition: The care or upkeep of streets, highways and other routes, including improvements in alignment, widening and markings, and work involving buried cables, water mains or gas mains. (Source: CSD)
 
 weginrichting
 	English: road setting
 	English definition: The establishing of boulevards, turnpikes, highways and other routes on land. (Source: RHW)
 
 weguitstippeling
 	English: route planning
 	English definition: The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the construction of boulevards, turnpikes, highways and other roads. (Source: RHW)
 
 wegverkeer
 	English: road traffic
 	English definition: Circulation of motor vehicles and people on the road network. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 wegverkeerstechnologie
 	English: road traffic engineering
 	English definition: Discipline which includes the design of highways and pedestrian ways, the study and application of traffic statistics, and the environmental aspects of the transportation of goods and people. (Source: CED)
 
 wegvervoer
 	English: road transport
 	English definition: Transportation of goods and persons by vehicles travelling on a road network. (Source: RRDA)
 
 wei
 	English: whey
 	English definition: The watery liquid that separates from the curd when the milk is clotted, as in making cheese. (Source: CED)
 
 weide
 	English: meadow
 	English definition: Strictly a term for a field of permanent grass used for hay, but also applied to rich, waterside grazing areas that are not suitable for arable cultivation. (Source: GOOD)
 
 weide; graasweide
 	English: pasture
 	English definition: Land covered with grass or herbage and grazed by or suitable for grazing by livestock. (Source: CED)
 
 weken; doorweken
 	English: soaking
 	English definition: Absorption of liquid by a solid or a semisolid material. (Source: MGH)
 
 welvaart
 	English: prosperity
 	English definition: State of being prosperous; wealth or success.
 
 welzijn
 	English: social welfare
 	English definition: The prosperity, well-being or convenience of a community. It embraces the primary social interests of safety, order, morals, economic interest, and non material and political interests. (Source: WESTS)
 
 wendakker
 	English: headland (farm)
 	English definition: A strip of land left at the end of a furrow in a field in order to facilitate the turning of the plough. (Source: WHIT)
 
 wereld
 	English: world
 	English definition: The Earth with all its inhabitants and all things upon it. (Source: WEBSTE)
 
 wereldconventie
 	English: global convention
 	English definition: A worldwide assembly of national, political party or organizational delegates, or the pact or the agreement that arises from such an assembly that forms, often, the preliminary to an international treaty. (Source: BLD)
 
 Wereldmilieufonds
 	English: Global Environment Facility
 	English definition: An international organization established in 1990 to provide practical assistance to governments in achieving environmental improvements. The GEF is managed by the World Bank, which contributes 2/3 of its funds, the remaining 1/3 being controlled by the United Nations Development Programme.
 
 wereldstad
 	English: metropolis
 	English definition: A term applied loosely to any large city, but specifically to that city in a country which is the seat of government, of ecclesiastical authority, or of commercial activity. (Source: GOOD)
 
 wereldwijd aspect
 	English: global aspect
 	English definition: Aspects concerning the whole world considered as being closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being interdependent economically, socially and politically. (Source: CEDa)
 
 wereldwijd model
 	English: global model
 	English definition: Models concerning different aspects of reality which can be applied at global level. (Source: RRDA)
 
 wereldwijde opwarming
 	English: global warming
 	English definition: Changes in the surface-air temperature, referred to as the global temperature, brought about by the greenhouse effect which is induced by emission of greenhouse gases into the air. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 wereldwijde web
 	English: World Wide Web
 	English definition: A graphical, interactive, hypertext information system that is cross-platform and can be run locally or over the global Internet. The Web consists of Web servers offering pages of information to Web browsers who view and interact with the pages. Pages can contain formatted text, background colors, graphics, as well as audio and video clips. Simple links in a Web page can cause the browser to jump to a different part of the same page or to a page on a Web server halfway around the world. Web pages can be used to send mail, read news, and download files. A Web address is called a URL. (Source: CAMER)
 
 werken buiten de spits
 	English: off-peak working
 
 werkend bestanddeel
 	English: functional substance
 	English definition: A substance from the point of view of its function or purpose, for example a painting agent or a preserving substance. (Source: RRDA)
 
 werkgelegenheid
 	English: employment
 	English definition: The work or occupation in which a person is employed. (Source: CED)
 
 werkgelegenheid en milieu
 	English: employment and environment
 	English definition: Issues or initiatives pertaining to the inter-relationship between ecological concerns and the economics of employment, including sustained, environmentally safe development; the effect of environmental activism on jobs; and the creation of environmental occupations. (Source: WAE)
 
 werkgelegenheidseffect
 	English: employment level effect
 	English definition: The result or impact of a specific policy, action or event upon the number of working-age persons holding jobs in a specific region, nation or sector of the economy. (Source: ODE / RHW)
 
 werkgelegenheidsstructuur
 	English: employment structure
 	English definition: The organization and proportions of the various job types and skill levels in an enterprise or economy. (Source: LAB)
 
 werkingsduur
 	English: persistence
 	English definition: The capacity of a substance to remain chemically stable. This is an important factor in estimating the environmental effects of substances discharged into the environment. Certain toxic substances (e.g., cyanides) have a low persistence, whereas other less immediately toxic substances (e.g., many organochlorines) have a high persistence and may therefore produce more serious effects. (Source: ALL)
 
 werkingsduur van bestrijdingsmiddelen
 	English: persistence of pesticides
 	English definition: The ability of a chemical to retain its molecular integrity and hence its physical, chemical, and functional characteristics in the environment through which such a chemical may be transported and distributed for a considerable period of time. (Source: GILP96)
 
 werkloosheid
 	English: unemployment
 	English definition: The condition of being without remunerative employment. (Source: CED)
 
 werkorganisatie
 	English: organisation of work
 	English definition: The coordination or structuring of work practices and production processes in order to influence the way jobs are designed and performed in the workplace. (Source: NIO)
 
 werkplek
 	English: workplace
 	English definition: Any or all locations or environments where people are employed. (Source: RHW)
 
 werktijd
 	English: working hours
 	English definition: The time devoted to gainful employment or job-related activities, usually calculated as hours per day or per week. (Source: RHW)
 
 werktuigbouw
 	English: mechanical industry
 	English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of mechanical apparatuses for commercial or industrial usage. (Source: SIC)
 
 wervelbed
 	English: fluidised bed
 	English definition: 1) A system for burning solid carbonaceous fuel efficiently and at a relatively low temperature, thus minimizing the emission of pollutants. The fuel is crushed to very small particles or a powder and mixed with particles of an inert material. The mixture is fed into a bed through which air is pumped vertically upwards, agitating the particles so they behave like a fluid. The forced circulation of air and the small size and separation of fuel particles ensures efficient burning.2) A bed of finely divided solid through which air or a gas is blown in a controlled manner so that it behaves as a liquid. (Source: ALL /  BRACK)
 
 wervelstorm
 	English: cyclone
 	English definition: A storm characterized by the converging and rising giratory movement of the wind around a zone of low pressure (the eye) towards which it is violently pulled from a zone of high pressure. Its circulation is counterclockwise round the center in the northern hemisphere, clockwise in the southern hemisphere. (Source: GUNN)
 
 West-Afrika
 	English: West Africa
 	English definition: A geographic region of the African continent bordered in the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean, including the republics of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote D'ivoire, Gambie, Ghana, Guinee Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Nigeria, Sengegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. (Source: ECW)
 
 Westelijk Azie
 	English: Western Asia
 	English definition: A geographic region of Asia that includes Turkey, Iran and other countries of the Middle East and the Arabian peninsula. (Source: INP)
 
 Westelijk Europa
 	English: Western Europe
 	English definition: A geographic region of the European continent surrounded by the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, including Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and other member countries of the Western European Union. (Source: CIA)
 
 wet
 	English: law (corpus of rules)
 	English definition: A body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having binding legal force. (Source: WESTS)
 
 wet inzake gevaarlijke goederen
 	English: dangerous goods law
 
 wet inzake het instellen van (principeel) processen tegen of uit naam van een groep
 	English: class action suits law
 	English definition: Legal action initiated by a single person or a few people on behalf of a group with similar claim or claims. (Source: GILP96)
 
 wet op chemicalien
 	English: chemicals act
 
 wet op loodgehalte in benzine
 	English: lead-in-petrol law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to reduce or eliminate the lead content in petroleum fuels used in vehicular and other engines that pollute the air with lead-carrying exhaust. (Source: GAS)
 
 wet over hergebruik van afval
 	English: recycling management and waste law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish and regulate provisions for the minimization of waste generation through recovery and reprocessing of re-usable products. (Source: TOE)
 
 wet van de Europese Gemeenschap
 	English: Community law
 	English definition: The law of European Community (as opposed to the national laws of the member states.) It consists of the treaties establishing the EC (together with subsequent amending treaties) community legislation, and decisions of the court of justice of the European Communities. Any provision of the treaties or of community legislation that is directly applicable or directly effective in a member state forms part of the law of that state and prevails over its national law in the event of any inconsistency between the two. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 wet van de natuurlijke onafhankelijkheid
 	English: natural independence law
 	English definition: The inviolable, moral claim of non-human organisms and their habitats to exist unharmed or unchanged by human activity as postulated by certain environmental ethicists. (Source: HRE)
 
 wetenschappelijk beleid
 	English: scientific policy
 	English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which promotes or determines the direction for the systematic study, research and experimentation of a particular aspect of the physical or material world, which may lead to scholarly contributions in a branch of knowledge. (Source: RHW)
 
 wetenschappelijk comite
 	English: scientific committee
 	English definition: An organized group of persons elected or appointed to discuss scientific matters. (Source: ZINZANa)
 
 wetenschappelijk onderzoek
 	English: scientific research
 	English definition: Systematic investigation to establish facts or principles concerning a specific scientific subject. (Source: CEDa)
 
 wetenschappelijke discussie
 	English: scientific dispute
 
 wetenschappelijke ecologie
 	English: scientific ecology
 	English definition: The study of the interrelationship among living organisms and between organisms and their environment, utilizing the methods or theories of science. (Source: DOE / APD)
 
 wetenschappelijke en technische informatie
 	English: scientific and technical information
 	English definition: Knowledge communicated or received pertaining to the systematic study of the physical world or to the mechanical or industrial arts. (Source: RHW)
 
 wetenschappelijke samenwerking
 	English: scientific co-operation
 
 wetenschappen
 	English: science
 	English definition: The study of the physical universe and its contents by means of reproducible observations, measurements, and experiments to establish, verify, or modify general laws to explain its nature and behaviour. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 wetgevend proces
 	English: legislative process
 	English definition: The entire course of action necessary to bring a law, resolution or special act to an authoritative, legally binding status. (Source: RHW)
 
 wetgevende bevoegdheid
 	English: legislative competence
 	English definition: The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority to make, give or enact rules with binding force upon a population or jurisdiction. (Source: BLD)
 
 wetgevende macht
 	English: legislative authority
 	English definition: The power of a deliberative assembly of persons or delegates to bring a bill, resolution or special act to an official, legally binding status. (Source: RHW)
 
 wetgevende macht
 	English: legislature
 	English definition: The department, assembly, or body of persons that makes statutory laws for a state or nation. (Source: WESTS)
 
 wetgeving
 	English: legislation
 	English definition: The act or process of making laws. (Source: CED)
 
 wetgeving
 	English: legislation
 
 wetgeving inzake chemische stoffen die een invloed hebben op het milieu
 	English: environmental chemicals legislation
 
 wetgeving inzake de ruimtelijke planning
 	English: planning law
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to organize, designate and regulate land use within its domain through zoning laws, subdivision regulations, rent and sign controls, growth management and other measures designed to protect human health and ecological integrity. (Source: PLA)
 
 wetgeving inzake kernenergie
 	English: nuclear energy legislation
 
 wetgeving inzake vervuiling
 	English: legislation on pollution
 	English definition: Rules concerning the limits of pollutant emissions. (Source: DIZAMB)
 
 wetgeving inzake water(voorraden)
 	English: water resources legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to manage and protect an area's natural water supply and waterways. (Source: DES / BLD)
 
 wetgeving met betrekking tot de natuur
 	English: rights of nature
 	English definition: A rule or body of rules that derives from nature and is believed to be binding upon human society, as opposed to human-made laws such as legislative acts and judicial decisions. (Source: WOR / INP)
 
 wetgeving over genetische manipulatie
 	English: genetic engineering legislation
 
 wetgeving, normen, milieubeleidsovereenkomsten
 	English: legislation, norms, conventions
 
 wetgevingsprocedure
 	English: legislative procedure
 	English definition: Any prescribed step or manner of proceeding that a law making body takes in proposing laws, resolutions or special acts before they can be enacted or passed. (Source: RHW)
 
 wetshandhaving
 	English: law enforcement
 	English definition: Any variety of activities associated with promoting compliance and obedience to the binding rules of a state, especially the prevention, investigation, apprehension or detention of individuals suspected or convicted of violating those rules. (Source: BLD / LLL)
 
 wetsvoorstel
 	English: law draft
 	English definition: The form in which proposed statutes, resolutions or special acts are introduced into a legislative body, before they are enacted or passed. (Source: RHW)
 
 wetswijziging
 	English: law amendment
 	English definition: An alteration of or addition to any statute with legal force that, if approved by the appropriate legislative authority, supersedes the original statute. (Source: LLL)
 
 wettekst
 	English: legal text
 	English definition: The exact wording or language of a law or other document in conformity with the law or having the authority of law. (Source: BLD)
 
 wettelijk voorschrift
 	English: statutory text
 	English definition: A document or a portion thereof expressing an official enactment of a legislative body, with emphasis on the document's precise wording or language. (Source: RHW)
 
 wettelijke ondernemingsvorm
 	English: legal form of organisations
 	English definition: The type, structure or purpose of an institution as arranged, required and defined by local or national laws to determine the appropriate governmental regulations, privileges and tax status applicable to that institution. (Source: BLD)
 
 wetten
 	English: law (individual)
 	English definition: One of the rules making up the body of law. (Source: DICLAW)
 
 wieren
 	English: alga
 	English definition: Simple, green, aquatic plants without stems, roots or leaves. They are among the microscopic organisms that form the start of the food chain. Algae are found floating in the sea and fresh water, but they also grow on the surface of damp walls, rocks, the bark of trees and on soil. They contain chlorophyll and other pigments that let them grow by photosynthesis. On land, algae can be useful in improving the fertility of soil by nitrogen fixation. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 wijnbouw
 	English: viticulture
 	English definition: That division of horticulture concerned with grape growing, studies of grape varieties, methods of culture, and insect and disease control. (Source: MGH)
 
 wijze van voortplanting
 	English: propagation process
 	English definition: Process by which a disturbance at one point is propagated to another point more remote from the source with no net transport of the material of the medium itself; examples include the motion of electromagnetic waves, sound waves, hydrodynamic waves in liquids, and vibration waves in solids. (Source: MGH)
 
 wijze waarop gegevens worden vastgelegd
 	English: data recording technique
 	English definition: The body of specialized procedures and methods used for the preservation, collocation or registration of individual elements of information. (Source: RHW / APD)
 
 wild
 	English: game (animals)
 	English definition: Wild animals, including birds and fish, hunted for sport, food or profit. (Source: CED)
 
 wild dier
 	English: wild animal
 	English definition: Not domesticated animals living independently of man. (Source: CED)
 
 wind
 	English: wind
 	English definition: The motion of air relative to the earth's surface; usually means horizontal air motion, as distinguished from vertical motion. (Source: MGH)
 
 windenergie
 	English: wind power
 	English definition: Energy extracted from wind, traditionally in a windmill, but increasingly by more complicated designes including turbines, usually to produce electricity but also for water pumping. The power available from wind is proportional to the area swept by the rotating place and the cube of the wind velocity, but less than half the available power can be recovered. (Source: BRACK)
 
 winderosie
 	English: wind erosion
 	English definition: The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by wind. It may occur on any soil whose surface is dry, unprotected by vegetation (to bind it at root level and shelter the surface) and consists of light particles. The mechanisms include straightforward picking up of dust and soil particles by the airflow and the dislodging or abrasion of surface material by the impact of particles already airborne. (Source: ALL)
 
 windkrachtcentrale
 	English: wind power station
 	English definition: Power station which uses wind to drive a turbine which creates electricity. (Source: PHC)
 
 windmolen
 	English: windmill
 	English definition: A machine for grinding or pumping driven by a set of adjustable vanes or sails that are caused to turn by the force of the wind. (Source: CED)
 
 winkel
 	English: shop
 	English definition: A place, especially a small building, for the retail sale of goods and services. (Source: CED)
 
 winkelcentrum
 	English: shopping centre
 	English definition: Enclosed area in which there is a variety of shops. (Source: CAMB)
 
 winning
 	English: extraction
 	English definition: Any process by which a pure metal is obtained from its ore. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 winst
 	English: profit
 	English definition: An excess of the receipts over the spending, costs and expenses of a business or other commercial entity during any period. (Source: ODE)
 
 wintersportoord
 	English: winter sports resort
 	English definition: Resort where sports held in the open air on snow or ice, especially skiing are practiced. (Source: CEDa)
 
 wiskundige analyse
 	English: mathematical analysis
 	English definition: The branch of mathematics most explicitly concerned with the limit process or the concept of convergence; includes the theories of differentiation, integration and measure, infinite series, and analytic functions. (Source: MGH)
 
 wiskundige methode
 	English: mathematical method
 
 wisselwerking
 	English: combination effect
 	English definition: A combined effect of two or more substances or organisms which is greater than the sum of the individual effect of each. (Source: KOREN)
 
 wisselwerking van bestrijdingsmiddelen
 	English: interaction of pesticides
 	English definition: The enhancement of activity of pesticides when they are used in combination with others. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 woestijn
 	English: desert
 	English definition: A wide, open, comparatively barren tract of land with few forms of life and little rainfall. (Source: MGH)
 
 woestijnklimaat
 	English: desert climate
 	English definition: A climate type which is characterized by insufficient moisture to support appreciable plant life; that is, a climate of extreme aridity. (Source: MGH)
 
 woestijnsprinkhaan
 	English: desert locust
 
 woestijnvorming
 	English: desertification
 	English definition: 1) The development of desert conditions as a result of human activity or climatic changes.2) The process of land damage which allows the soil to spread like a desert in arid and semi-arid regions. There is a loss of vegetative cover and the soil deteriorates in texture, nutrient content and fertility. Desertification affects the lives of three-quarters of the world's population, 70% of all drylands and one quarter of the total land area of the planet. There are many reasons for desertification, but the majority are caused by human activities, overgrazing, deforestation, poor land management and over-exploitation. Agenda 21 states that the priority in combating desertification should be establishing preventive measures for lands that are not yet, or are only slightly, degraded. (Source: LBC /  WRIGHT)
 
 wol
 	English: wool
 	English definition: A textile fiber made from raw wool characterized by absorbency, resiliency and insulation. (Source: MGH)
 
 wolk
 	English: cloud
 	English definition: Suspensions of minute water droplets or ice crystals produced by the condensation of water vapour. (Source: ZINZAN)
 
 woning
 	English: dwelling
 	English definition: Any enclosed space wholly or partially used or intended to be used for living, sleeping, cooking, and eating. (Source: KOREN)
 
 woningbouw
 	English: residential building
 	English definition: A building allocated for residence. (Source: CED)
 
 woningdichtheid
 	English: housing density
 	English definition: The number of dwelling units or the residential population of a given geographic area. (Source: MIB)
 
 woningnood
 	English: housing need
 
 woningverbetering
 	English: housing improvement
 	English definition: An addition, renovation or repair to a place of residence that increases its aesthetic, functional or financial value. (Source: RHW)
 
 woningwetgeving
 	English: housing legislation
 	English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the buying, selling, leasing, construction or maintenance of dwelling places. (Source: BLD)
 
 woonerf
 	English: residential area with traffic calmings
 	English definition: Residential zones where raised areas are built across roads so that vehicles are forced to move more slowly along it. (Source: CAMB)
 
 woongebied in het platteland
 	English: rural habitat
 	English definition: The biotopes located in areas where agriculture is practiced. (Source: RAMADE)
 
 woon-werkverkeer
 	English: commuter traffic
 	English definition: Traffic caused by people travelling regularly over some distance, as between a suburb and a city and back, between their place of residence and their place of work.
 
 woonwijk
 	English: residential area
 	English definition: Area that has only private houses, not offices and factories. (Source: CAMB)
 
 woordenboek
 	English: dictionary
 	English definition: A reference book containing an explanatory alphabetical list of words, as a book listing a comprehensive or restricted selection of the words of a language; identifying usually, the phonetic, grammatical, and semantic value of each word, often with etymology, citations, and usage guidance and other information. (Source: RHW / ISEP)
 
 woordenboek
 	English: lexicon
 	English definition: The vocabulary of a particular sphere of activity, region, social class or individual, or the total set of morphemes or meaningful units of a language and its words. (Source: OED)
 
 woordenlijst
 	English: vocabulary
 	English definition: A list of words or phrases of a language, technical field or some specialized area, usually arranged in alphabetical order and often provided with brief definitions and with foreign translations. (Source: RHW)
 
 wortel
 	English: root
 	English definition: The absorbing and anchoring organ of a vascular plant; it bears neither leaves nor flowers and is usually subterranean. (Source: MGH)
 
 wortel- en knolgewas
 	English: root crop
 	English definition: Plants which store edible material in a root, corm or tuber; root crops used as food vegetables or fodder include carrots, parsnips, swedes and turnips; starchy root crops include potatoes, cassavas and yams. (Source: PHC)
 
 wortelboom
 	English: mangrove
 	English definition: Plant communities and trees that inhabit tidal swamps, muddy silt, and sand banks at the mouths of rivers and other low-lying areas which are regularly inundated by the sea, but which are protected from strong waves and currents. Mangroves are the only woody species that will grow where the land is periodically flooded with sea water; individual species have adapted themselves to different tidal levels, to various degrees of salinity, and to the nature of the mud or soil. Mangrove swamps and thickets support hundreds of terrestrial, marine, and amphibian species; have a special role in supporting estuarine fisheries; provide shelter, refuge and food for many forms of wildlife. (Source: GILP96)
 
 wortelboommoeras
 	English: mangrove swamp
 	English definition: A wet, spongy area of land in tropical climates and along coastal regions that is dominated by mangrove trees and shrubs, particularly red mangroves (Rhizophora), black mangroves (Avicennia) and white mangroves (Laguncularia). (Source: FFD)
 
 woudgebied in de gematigde klimaatzone
 	English: temperate woodland
 	English definition: Forest dominated by broad-leaved hardwoods, which occurs over large tracts in the mid-latitudes of Europe, N. America, and eastern Asia, but which is restricted in the southern hemisphere to Chilean Patagonia. (Source: ALL2)
 
 wrak
 	English: wreck
 	English definition: The hulk of a wrecked or stranded ship; a ship dashed against rocks or land and broken or otherwise rendered useless. (Source: ISEP)
 
 xenobiotische stof
 	English: xenobiotic substance
 	English definition: A substance which would not normally be found in a given environment, and usually means a toxic chemical which is entirely artificial, such as a chlorinated aromatic compound or an organomercury compound. (Source: BIOTAZ)
 
 zaad
 	English: seed (biology)
 	English definition: A mature fertilized plant ovule, consisting of an embryo and its food store surrounded by a protective seed coat (testa). (Source: CED)
 
 zaadplanten
 	English: flowering plant
 	English definition: Plants capable of producing conspicuous flowers. (Source: CED)
 
 zaagsel
 	English: sawdust
 	English definition: Wood fragments made by a saw in cutting. (Source: MGH)
 
 zaaizaad
 	English: seed (product)
 	English definition: A fertilized ovule containing an embryo which forms a new plant upon germination. (Source: MGH)
 
 zakelijk verkeer
 	English: commercial traffic
 	English definition: The operations and movements related to the transportation and exchange of goods. (Source: RRDA)
 
 zakelijke activiteit
 	English: business activity
 	English definition: Any profit-seeking undertaking or venture that involves the production, sale and purchase of goods or services. (Source: RHW)
 
 zakenwereld
 	English: business
 	English definition: The activity, position or site associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood. (Source: West's / RHW)
 
 zand
 	English: sand
 	English definition: A loose material consisting of small mineral particles, or rock and mineral particles, distinguishable by the naked eye; grains vary from almost spherical to angular, with a diameter range from 1/16 to 2 millimeters. (Source: MGH)
 
 zandbankontginning
 	English: sea bed mining
 	English definition: The activity or processes involving the extraction of mineral deposits from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor. (Source: MLM)
 
 zandduin; duin
 	English: sand dune; dune
 	English definition: An accumulation of loose sand heaped up by the wind, commonly found along low-lying seashores above high-tide level, more rarely on the border of large lakes or river valleys, as well as in various desert regions, where there is abundant dry surface sand during some part of the year. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 zandgroeve
 	English: sand pit
 	English definition: A place where sand is extracted from the ground. (Source: PHC)
 
 zandplaat
 	English: sand flat
 	English definition: A sandy tidal flat barren of vegetation. A tidal flat is an extensive, nearly horizontal, marshy or barren tract of land that is alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, and consisting of unconsolidated sediment (mostly mud and sand). It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 zandwinning
 	English: sand extraction
 	English definition: The extraction of sand by mining for building purposes and for the extraction of heavy minerals such as rutile and zircon. (Source: GILP96)
 
 zangvogel
 	English: songbird
 	English definition: Any passerine bird of the suborder Oscines, having highly developed vocal organs and, in most, a music call. (Source: CED)
 
 zee
 	English: sea
 	English definition: 1) In general, the marine section of the globe as opposed to that of the land. 2) The name given to a body of salt water smaller than an ocean and generally in proximity to a continent. (Source: WHIT)
 
 zeebodem
 	English: benthos
 	English definition: Those organisms attached to, living on, in or near the sea bed, river bed or lake floor. (Source: LBC)
 
 zeebodem
 	English: sea bed
 	English definition: The bottom of the ocean. Also known as sea floor; sea bottom. The ocean floor is defined as the near-horizontal surface of the ocean basin. (Source: MGH)
 
 zeegolven
 	English: sea wave
 	English definition: A moving ridge or swell of water occurring close to the surface of the sea, characterized by oscillating and rising and falling movements, often as a result of the frictional drag of the wind. (Source: OED / INP)
 
 zeegrasbed
 	English: sea grass bed
 	English definition: Seaweeds communities formed by green, brown and red macroscopic algae and by sea phanerogams such as Posidonia oceanica and Zostera noltii, etc. (Source: PARCORa)
 
 zeekaart
 	English: chart (nautical)
 	English definition: A map for navigation that delineates a portion of the sea, indicating the outline of the coasts and the position of rocks, sandbanks and other parts of a sea. (Source: OED)
 
 zeenavigatie
 	English: maritime navigation
 	English definition: Travelling on the sea by means of boats, ships, etc. (Source: CEDa)
 
 zeep
 	English: soap
 	English definition: A cleansing agent, manufactured in bars, granules, flakes, or liquid form, made from a mixture of the sodium salts of various fatty acids of natural oils and fats. (Source: AMHER)
 
 zeerecht
 	English: maritime law
 	English definition: That system of law which particularly relates to marine commerce and navigation, to business transacted at sea or relating to navigation, to ships and shipping, to seamen, to the transportation of persons and property by sea, and to marine affairs generally. (Source: BLACK)
 
 zeeroofdieren
 	English: pinniped
 	English definition: Belonging to the Pinnipedia, an order of aquatic placental mammals having a streamlined body and limbs specialized as flippers: includes seals, sea lions, and the walrus. (Source: CED)
 
 zeeschatten
 	English: sea resource
 	English definition: Marine resources include food, energy and minerals. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 zeespiegel
 	English: sea level
 	English definition: The level of the surface of the ocean; especially, the mean level halfway between high and low tide, used as a standard in reckoning land elevation or sea depths. (Source: MGH)
 
 zeespiegelstijging
 	English: sea level rise
 	English definition: Sea-level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the oceans increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 zeestroming
 	English: sea circulation
 	English definition: Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again. (Source: MGH /  WRIGHT)
 
 zeevervoer
 	English: maritime transport
 	English definition: Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea. (Source: CEDa)
 
 zeevervuiling
 	English: marine pollution
 	English definition: Any detrimental alteration of the marine environment caused by the intentional or accidental release of dangerous or toxic substances, such as industrial, commercial and urban waste water. (Source: GREMESa)
 
 zeevisserij
 	English: marine fishery
 	English definition: The harvest of animals and plants from the ocean to provide food and recreation for people, food for animals, and a variety of organic materials for industry. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 zeevisserij
 	English: open sea fishing
 	English definition: Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea. (Source: PHC)
 
 zeewater
 	English: sea water
 	English definition: Aqueous solution of salts in more or less constant ratio, whose composition depends on several factors among which predominate living organisms, detrital sedimentation and the related chemical reactions. Sea-water accounts for more than 98% of the mass of the hydrosphere and covers just over 70% of the globe. Because of the composition and stability of the oceans, and the way they are controlled, they are of great importance to the climate, and great attention has been given to studying the effects of pollution. Man's activities are believed to be accelerating the change in the composition of sea-water. (Source: DODERO /  WRIGHT)
 
 zeewatercultuur
 	English: mariculture
 	English definition: Cultivation of marine organisms in their natural habitats, usually for commercial purposes. (Source: AMHER)
 
 zeldzame soorten
 	English: rare species
 	English definition: Species which have a restricted world range. (Source: UNUN)
 
 zelfcontrole
 	English: self-monitoring
 
 zelfhulpprogramma
 	English: self-help programme
 	English definition: A series of steps or a system of services or activities designed to enable an individual to help or improve one's self without depending on the aid of others. (Source: WOR)
 
 zelfreiniging
 	English: self-purification
 	English definition: A natural process of organic degradation that produces nutrients utilized by autotrophic organisms. (Source: LBC)
 
 zenuwstelsel
 	English: nervous system
 	English definition: A coordinating and integrating system which functions in the adaptation of an organism to its environment; in vertebrates, the system consists of the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerves, and ganglia. (Source: MGH)
 
 zetmeel
 	English: starch
 	English definition: A polysaccharide which is a combination of many monosaccharide molecules, made during photosynthesis and stored as starch grains in many plants. (Source: ALL)
 
 zeven
 	English: sieving
 	English definition: The size distribution of solid particles on a series of standard sieves of decreasing size, expressed as a weight percent. (Source: MGH)
 
 zich verzekeren van grondstoffen
 	English: raw material securing
 	English definition: Measures used to ensure the provision of or the access to crude, unprocessed or partially processed materials used as feedstock for processing or manufacturing. (Source: RHWa /  MHD)
 
 zichtbaar bloeiende planten
 	English: phanerogam
 	English definition: Plants that produce seeds. The group comprises the Gymnospermae and the Angiospermae. (Source: ALL)
 
 ziekenhuis
 	English: hospital
 	English definition: A place where people who are ill or injured are treated and taken care of by doctors and nurses. (Source: CAMB)
 
 ziekenhuisafval
 	English: hospital waste
 	English definition: Solid waste, both biological and non-biological, produced by hospitals and discarded and not intended for further use. (Source: SHG)
 
 ziekte van Chagas
 	English: Chagas' disease
 	English definition: A form of trypanosomiasis found in South America, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, characterized by fever and often inflammation of the hearth muscle. (Source: CED)
 
 ziektekiem
 	English: germ
 	English definition: 1) A pathogenic micro-organism.2) Living substance capable of developing into an organ, part, or organism as a whole; a primordium.
 
 ziekten
 	English: disease
 	English definition: A definite pathological process having a characteristic set of signs and symptoms which are detrimental to the well-being of the individual. (Source: KOREN)
 
 ziekteoorzaak
 	English: disease cause
 
 ziekteoverbrenger; mensenziekteoverbrenger; mensenziekteoverbrengers
 	English: vector of human diseases; disease vector; human disease vector
 	English definition: An agent or organism that acts as a carrier or transmitter of a human illness.  (Source: RHW)
 
 ziektesymptoom
 	English: clinical symptom
 	English definition: Any objective evidence of disease or of a patient's condition founded on clinical observation. (Source: RRDA)
 
 ziekteverschijnselen
 	English: sick building syndrome
 	English definition: A set of symptoms, including headaches, fatigue, eye irritation, and dizziness, typically affecting workers in modern airtight office buildings and thought to be caused by indoor pollutants, such as formaldehyde fumes, particulate matter, microorganisms, etc. (Source: MED)
 
 zilver
 	English: silver
 	English definition: A very ductile malleable brilliant greyish-white element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal. It occurs free and in argentite and other ores: used in jewellery, tableware, coinage, electrical contacts, and in electroplating. Its compounds are used in photography. (Source: CED)
 
 zindelijkheid [hygiene]
 	English: cleanliness (hygiene)
 	English definition: The state of being clean and keeping healthy conditions. (Source: PHCa)
 
 zink
 	English: zinc
 	English definition: A brittle bluish-white metallic element that becomes coated with a corrosion-resistant layer in moist air and occurs chiefly in sphalerite and smithsonite. It is a constituent of several alloys, especially brass and nickel-silver, and is used in die-casting, galvanizing metals, and in battery electrodes. (Source: CED)
 
 zoetstof
 	English: sweetener
 	English definition: A sweetening agent, especially one that does not contain sugar. (Source: CED)
 
 zoetwater
 	English: freshwater
 	English definition: Water having a relatively low mineral content, generally less than 500 mg/l of dissolved solids. (Source: LANDY)
 
 zoetwaterbescherming
 	English: freshwater conservation
 	English definition: Controlled utilization, protection or improvement of a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river. (Source: APD)
 
 zoetwaterbiologie
 	English: freshwater biology
 	English definition: The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river. (Source: WOR / APD)
 
 zoetwaterdegradatie
 	English: freshwater degradation
 	English definition: Pollution immediately or eventually involves the hydrological cycle of the earth, because even pollutants emitted into the air and those present in the soil are washed out by precipitation. Water is considered polluted when it is altered in composition or condition so that it becomes less suitable for any or all of the functions and purposes for which it would be suitable in its natural state. This definition includes changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water, or such discharges of liquid, gaseous or solid substances into water as will or are likely to create nuisances or render such water harmful to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, fish or other aquatic life. It also includes changes in temperatures, due to the discharge of hot water. (Source: WPR)
 
 zoetwaterecosysteem
 	English: freshwater ecosystem
 	English definition: The living organisms and nonliving materials of an inland aquatic environment. (Source: MGH)
 
 zoetwatermeting
 	English: freshwater monitoring
 
 zoetwaterorganisme
 	English: freshwater organism
 	English definition: Organisms which live in freshwater. (Source: PHC)
 
 zoetwatervervuiling
 	English: freshwater pollution
 	English definition: The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of freshwater. (Source: Landy)
 
 zoetwatervoorraden
 	English: freshwater resource
 	English definition: The network of rivers, lakes, and other surface waters that supply water for food production and other essential human systems. (Source: ENVNEL)
 
 zon(ne)verwarming
 	English: solar heating
 	English definition: A domestic or industrial heating system that makes direct use of solar energy. The simplest form consists of a collector through which a fluid is pumped. The circuit also contains some form of heat storage tank and an alternative energy source to provide energy when the sun is not shining. The collector usually consists of a black surface through which water is piped, the black surface being enclosed behind glass sheets to make use of the greenhouse effect. (Source: UVAROV)
 
 zone die valt onder een recht van voorkoop
 	English: pre-emption zone
 	English definition: Areas that are subject to the pre-emption right which is a privilege accorded by the government to the actual settler upon a certain limited portion of the public domain, to purchase such tract at a fixed price to the exclusion of all other applicants. (Source: BLACKa)
 
 zonering
 	English: zoning
 	English definition: Designation and reservation under a master plan of land use for light and heavy industry, dwellings, offices, and other buildings; use is enforced by restrictions on types of buildings in each zone. (Source: MGH)
 
 zonnecel
 	English: solar cell
 	English definition: A device for converting sunlight into electrical power using a semiconductor sensitive to the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are used on space satellites to power electronic equipment, and as their price falls they may come to be used to provide energy on the Earth. (Source: ALL)
 
 zonnecollector
 	English: solar collector
 	English definition: Device which converts the energy from light into electricity. The collector system contains a concentrator and a receiver. The concentrator redirects and focuses sunlight on the receiver by using mirrors or lenses, and the receiver absorbs solar radiation and converts it to heat. (Source: PHC /  PARCOR)
 
 zonne-energie
 	English: solar energy
 	English definition: The energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The most successful examples of energy extraction from the sun are so far solar cells used in satellites and solar collectors used to heat water. (Source: MGH /  ALL)
 
 zonne-energietechnologie
 	English: solar energy technology
 	English definition: Solar energy can be converted to useful work or heat by using a collector to absorb solar radiation, allowing much of the sun's radiant energy to be converted to heat. This heat can be used directly in residential, industrial, and agricultural operations; converted to mechanical or electrical power; or applied in chemical reactions for production of fuels and chemicals. (Source: PARCOR)
 
 zonnekrachtcentrale
 	English: solar power station
 	English definition: Plant where energy is generated using radiation from the sun. (Source: PHC)
 
 zonnestraling
 	English: solar radiation
 	English definition: The electromagnetic radiation and particles emitted by the sun. (Source: MGH)
 
 zoogdieren
 	English: mammal
 	English definition: Any animal of the Mammalia, a large class of warm-blooded vertebrates having mammary glands in the female, a thoracic diaphragm, and a four-chambered heart. The class includes the whales, carnivores, rodents, bats, primates, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 zoolgangers
 	English: plantigrade
 	English definition: Pertaining to mammals walking with the whole sole of the foot touching the ground. (Source: MGH)
 
 zoologie
 	English: zoology
 	English definition: The study of animals, including their classification, structure, physiology, and history. (Source: CED)
 
 zoonosis
 	English: zoonosis
 	English definition: Diseases which are biologically adapted to and normally found in animals but which under some conditions also infect man. (Source: MGH)
 
 zorginstelling; gezondheidszorginstelling
 	English: health facility
 	English definition: A facility or location where medical, dental, surgical, or nursing attention or treatment is provided to humans or animals. (Source: KOREN)
 
 zout water
 	English: salt water
 	English definition: Water of the seas, distinguished by high salinity. (Source: MGH)
 
 zouten
 	English: salt
 	English definition: The reaction product when a metal displaces the hydrogen of an acid. (Source: MGH)
 
 zoutgehalte
 	English: salt content
 	English definition: Amount of salt contained in a solution. (Source: MGH)
 
 zoutgehalte van de bodem
 	English: soil salinity
 	English definition: Measurement of the quantity of mineral salts found in a soil. Many semi-arid and arid areas are naturally salty. By definition they are areas of substantial water deficit where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. Thus, whereas in humid areas there is sufficient water to percolate through the soil and to leach soluble materials from the soil and the rocks into the rivers and hence into the sea, in deserts this is not the case. Salts therefore tend to accumulate. (Source: PHC /  GOUD)
 
 zoutgehalte van het water
 	English: water salinity
 	English definition: The degree of dissolved salts in water measured by weight in parts per thousand. (Source: KOREN)
 
 zoutkoepel
 	English: salt plug
 	English definition: A mass of salt which is injected as a diapir (a dome in which the overlying rocks have been ruptured by the squeezing-out of plastic core material) into overlying sedimentary rocks, thereby piercing and deforming them. The mechanism is similar to that of an intrusive magma, with the salt deforming and behaving plastically under pressure. It is of great economic importance because it assists in the formation of a 'trap' structure for oil accumulation, in addition to its associated deposits of anhydrite, gypsum and sulphur. (Source: BJGEO /  WHIT)
 
 zoutlading
 	English: salt load
 
 zoutmeer
 	English: salina
 	English definition: A place where crystalline salt deposits are formed or found, such as a salt flat or pan, a salada, or a salt lick. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 zoutmoeras
 	English: salt marsh
 	English definition: Areas of brackish, shallow water usually found in coastal areas and in deltas. There are also inland marshes in arid areas where the water has a high salt level because of evaporation. They are environmentally delicate areas, extremely vulnerable to pollution by industrial or agricultural chemicals, or to thermal pollution, which often results when river water has been used as the coolant in power stations and industrial plants. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 zoutwinning
 	English: salination
 	English definition: The accumulation of soluble salts by evaporation of the waters that bore them to the soil zone, in a soil of an arid, poorly drained region. (Source: BJGEO)
 
 zoutzuur
 	English: hydrochloric acid
 	English definition: A solution of hydrogen chloride gas in water; a poisonous, pungent liquid forming a constant-boiling mixture at 20% concentration in water; widely used as a reagent, in organic synthesis, in acidizing oil wells, ore reduction, food processing, and metal cleaning and pickling. Also known as muriatic acid. (Source: MGH)
 
 Zuid-Amerika
 	English: South America
 	English definition: A continent in the southern part of the western hemisphere, astride the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north and between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama, and divided into twelve countries:  Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela. (Source: RHW)
 
 Zuidelijk Afrika
 	English: Southern Africa
 	English definition: A geographic region of the African continent astride the Tropic of Capricorn, including Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and also the Kalahari Desert, Zambezi River and Orange River. (Source: AFR)
 
 Zuidelijk Azie
 	English: Southern Asia
 	English definition: A geographic region of the Asian continent bordered in the north by the countries of Central Asia and in the south by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, extending  westward into Iran and eastward into China, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. (Source: RHW / SAR)
 
 Zuidelijke Atlantische Oceaan
 	English: South Atlantic Ocean
 	English definition: An ocean south of the equator between the eastern coast of South America and the western coast of Africa that extends southward to the Antarctic continent, including the Drake Passage, South Sandwich Islands and Falkand Islands. (Source: INP)
 
 Zuidelijke Stille Oceaan
 	English: South Pacific Ocean
 	English definition: An ocean south of the equator between Southeast Asia and Australia in the Eastern hemisphere and South America in the Western hemisphere, extending southward to the Antarctic region, including the Tasman and Coral seas and numerous islands, such as Galapagos, Solomon, Easter, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga islands, and also New Zealand and its islands. (Source: INP)
 
 Zuid-Oost Azie
 	English: Southeast Asia
 	English definition: A geographic region of continental Asia, south of China, west of the South Pacific Ocean, north of the Indian Ocean, and east of the Bay of Bengal and the Indian subcontinent, including the Indochina Peninsula, the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos, and countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. (Source: INP)
 
 zuigeling
 	English: infant
 	English definition: A young child in the first years of life. (Source: ISEP)
 
 zuivelindustrie
 	English: dairy industry
 	English definition: Production of food made from milk or milk products. (Source: MGH)
 
 zuivelproduct
 	English: dairy product
 	English definition: Products derived from milk, such as butter, cheese, lactose, etc. (Source: CED)
 
 zuiverend vermogen
 	English: purifying power
 	English definition: Regenerative capacity of a system, of soils, water, etc. (Source: ECHO2)
 
 zuivering
 	English: purification
 	English definition: The removal of unwanted constituents from a substance. (Source: MGH)
 
 zuivering door de grond
 	English: purification through the soil
 	English definition: The act or process in which a section of the ground is freed from pollution or any type of contamination, often through natural processes. (Source: RHW)
 
 zuivering van rookgassen
 	English: waste air purification (gas)
 
 zuiveringsinstallatie
 	English: purification facility
 	English definition: Equipment for the removal of impurities and unwanted constituents from a medium. (Source: PHC)
 
 zuiveringsinstallatie
 	English: purification plant
 	English definition: Installation where impurities are removed from waste water. (Source: PHC)
 
 zuiveringsrest
 	English: treatment residue
 	English definition: Material left over from the treatment of any type of waste. (Source: DEE)
 
 zure neerslag
 	English: acid deposition
 	English definition: A type of pollution which washes out of the atmosphere as dilute sulphuric and nitric acids. It tends to be a regional rather than a global phenomenon, linked to particular industrial activities and meteorological conditions. It includes rain, more than normally acidic snow, mist, sleet, fog, gas and dry particles. It upsets the balance of nature, disrupting ecosystems, and destroys forests and woodlands, plants and crops; kills aquatic life by altering the chemical balance of lakes and rivers and corrodes building materials and fabrics. The pollutants are caused principally by discharges from power station chimneys of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released by burning fossil fuels, coal and oil. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 zure regen
 	English: acid rain
 	English definition: Rain having a pH less than 5.6. The acidity results from chemical reactions occurring when water, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, generally released by industrial processes, are chemically transformed into sulphuric and nitric acids. (Source: DUNSTE)
 
 zuren
 	English: acid
 	English definition: A compound capable of transferring a hydrogen ion in solution. (Source: MGH)
 
 zuurstof
 	English: oxygen
 	English definition: A gaseous chemical element; an essential element in cellular respiration and in combustion processes; the most abundant element in the earth's crust and about 20% of the air by volume. (Source: MGH)
 
 zuurstofgehalte
 	English: oxygen content
 	English definition: Amount of oxygen contained in a solution. (Source: MGHa)
 
 zuurstoftekort
 	English: oxygen deficiency
 
 zuurstoftoevoer
 	English: oxygenation
 	English definition: Treating with oxygen. (Source: MGHa)
 
 zuurtegraad
 	English: acidity degree
 	English definition: The amount of acid present in a solution, often expressed in terms of pH. (Source: CEDa)
 
 zuurtegraad
 	English: acidity
 	English definition: The state of being acid that is of being capable of transferring a hydrogen ion in solution. (Source: MGHa)
 
 zuurtegraad
 	English: pH-value
 
 zwaar ongeluk
 	English: major accident
 	English definition: An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss beyond normal or specified levels with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. (Source: TOE / HMD)
 
 zware metalen
 	English: heavy metal
 	English definition: A metal whose specific gravity is approximately 5.0 or higher. (Source: MGH)
 
 Zwarte Zee
 	English: Black Sea
 
 zwavel
 	English: sulphur
 	English definition: A nonmetallic element existing in a crystalline or amorphous form and in four stable isotopes; used as a chemical intermediate and fungicide, and in rubber vulcanization. It is deposited from volcanic vents and fumaroles and also is found in sedimentary rocks, particularly with gypsum and limestone, and associated with salt-domes. Native sulphur is the main source of sulphur for the sulphuric acid industry, followed by sour gas (natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide) and pyrite. Sulphur is an essential plant macronutrient. (Source: MGH /  ALL)
 
 zwaveldioxide
 	English: sulphur dioxide
 	English definition: Emissions of the gas given off during the burning of fossil fuels in power stations and other boilers. Sulphur dioxide is created because sulphur is an impurity in most coal and oils. When the fuel is burned the hot sulphur reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulphur dioxide. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 zwavelgehalte
 	English: sulphur concentration
 	English definition: Sulphur content in a solution. (Source: MGH)
 
 zwavelmonoxide
 	English: sulphur monoxide
 	English definition: A gas at ordinary temperatures; produces an orange-red deposit when cooled to temperatures of liquid air; prepared by passing an electric discharge through a mixture of sulfur vapor and sulfur dioxide at low temperature. (Source: MGH)
 
 zwaveloxide
 	English: sulphur oxide
 	English definition: An oxide of sulphur, such as sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide; they are formed primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels; major air pollutants and cause of damage to the respiratory tract as well as vegetation. (Source: MGH /  KOREN)
 
 zwavelwaterstof
 	English: hydrogen sulphide
 	English definition: Flammable, poisonous gas with characteristic odour of rotten eggs, perceptible in air in a dilution of 0.002 mg/l. It is used as a reagent in chemical analysis; extremely hazardous; collapse, coma and death from respiratory failure may come within a few seconds after one or two inspirations; low concentrations produce irritation of conjunctiva and mucous membranes. Headache, dizziness, nausea, lassitude may appear after exposure. (Source: MGH /  INDMER)
 
 zwavelzuur
 	English: sulphuric acid
 	English definition: A toxic, corrosive, strongly acid, colorless liquid that is miscible with water and dissolves most metals, and melts at 10C; used in industry in the manufacture of chemicals, fertilizers and explosives, and in petroleum refining. (Source: MGH)
 
 zwemwater (algemeen)
 	English: bathing water
 	English definition: All waters, inland or coastal, except those intended for therapeutic purposes or used in swimming pools, an area either in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. (Source: GILP96)
 
 zwemwater (zoet)
 	English: bathing freshwater
 	English definition: Freshwater in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 zwemwater (zout)
 	English: bathing seawater
 	English definition: Sea waters in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. (Source: GILP96a)
 
 zwerflandbouw
 	English: shifting cultivation
 	English definition: Agricultural practice using the rotation of fields rather than crops, short cropping periods followed by long fallows and the maintenance of fertility by the regeneration of vegetation. (Source: PHC)
 
 zwerflandbouw
 	English: slash and burn culture
 	English definition: A traditional farming system that has been used by generations of farmers in tropical forests and the savannah of north and east Africa. It is known to be an ecologically sound form of cultivation, and because the soil is poor in tropical rain forests it is a sustainable method of farming. It is still practised today, primarily in the developing countries. Small areas of bush or forests are cleared and the smaller trees burned. This unlocks the nutrients in the vegetation and gives the soil fertilizer that is easily taken up by plants. A few years later the soil is degraded and the farmer moves on to do the same at another site. The original ground is left fallow for anything up to 20 years so that the forest can regenerate. With the growth in population and in the subsequent need for more farming land to produce food, the method is increasingly being used today to clear large areas of tropical forests for cattle ranching, and in most cases the ground is not left fallow for long enough and, with modern mechanized farming systems, not enough tree stumps or suitable habitats for plant life are left to start the regeneration process. (Source: WRIGHT)
 
 zwevende stof
 	English: suspended matter
 	English definition: Matter suspended in a fluid by the upward components of turbulent currents or by colloidal suspension. (Source: DUNSTE)

 

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