Archived at: https://beijerterm.com/archives/goldendict/ (.dsl files can be used in GoldenDict) Please note: The version below (4.0) is slightly older than the latest version 4.2.0 available from https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/themes/ Size: 5,374 Dutch-English terms, with definitions Creator: The European Environment Agency
#NAME "GEMET_Thesaurus_4.0_nl-en.dsl" #INDEX_LANGUAGE "Dutch" #CONTENTS_LANGUAGE "English" aaltjes English: nematode English definition: A group of unsegmented worms which have been variously recognized as an order, class, and phylum. (Source: MGH) aanbeveling English: recommendation English definition: Recommendation refers to an action which is advisory in nature rather than one having any binding effect. aanbod English: supply (trade) English definition: The willingness and ability to sell a range of quantities of a good at a range of prices, during a given time period. Supply is one half of the market exchange process; the other is demand. (Source: AMOS2) aandeel in de opbrengst English: royalty English definition: Compensation for the use of a person's property, based on an agreed percentage of the income arising from its use. aandoening die met het milieu te maken heeft English: environmentally related disease aangelegd afvoerwateringssysteem English: built drainage system English definition: Collection of open and/or closed drains, together with structures and pumps used to collect and dispose of excess surface or subsurface water. (Source: LANDY) aangifte English: notification English definition: Information concerning a fact, actually communicated to a person by an authorized person. (Source: BLACK) aangroei English: fouling growth English definition: The adhesion of different marine organisms to the underwater parts of ships, causing the ships to loose speed. (Source: MGH) aanhoudend geluid English: steady noise English definition: Unceasing prolonged noise, without interruption. (Source: CED) aankondiging English: advertisement English definition: The action of drawing public attention to goods, services or events, often through paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, television or radio. (Source: C / RHW) aanleg van verkeersroutes English: traffic route construction aanpassingsperiode English: adaptation period aansprakelijkheid English: liability English definition: Subjection to a legal obligation. Liability is civil or criminal according to whether it is enforced by the civil or criminal courts. (Source: JCU) aansprakelijkheid van de producent English: producer liability English definition: Obligations, responsibilities or debts imposed upon all members of an industry that manufactures or produces a product or service causing injury or harm to a consumer and apportioned according to each member's share of the market for the product. (Source: BLD) aansprakelijkheid voor milieuverontreiniging English: pollution liability English definition: Liability for injuries arising from the release of hazardous substances or pollutants or contaminants. (Source: LEE) aansprakelijkheid voor nucleaire schade English: liability for nuclear damages English definition: Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment during the production, use or transport of radioactive materials used as an energy source or in weaponry. (Source: BLD / MHD) aansprakelijkheid voor zee-ongevallen English: liability for marine accidents English definition: Subjection to a legal obligation, such as financial recompense or ecological reparations, for any harm or damage inflicted on persons, property or the environment in the course of commercial or recreational activity in, on or near a sea. (Source: BLD / RHW) aansprakelijkheidswetgeving English: liability legislation English definition: A law or body of laws enacted that pertains to or establishes an obligation, debt or responsibility for loss, penalty, evil, expense or burden. (Source: BLD / ISEP) aantal uren zonneschijn English: duration of sunshine English definition: Period of the day during which the sun is shining. (Source: RAMADE) aantasting van de ozonlaag English: ozone layer depletion English definition: The fragile shield of ozone is been damaged by chemicals released on earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons which are used in refrigerators, aerosols, and as cleaners in many industries, and halons, which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. Over the past 30 years ozone levels over parts of Antarctica have dropped by almost 40% during some months and a 'hole' in ozone concentrations is clearly visible in satellite observations. (Source: WRIGHT) aantoonbaarheid English: demonstrability aantrekkelijke kant van waterrecreatie English: aquatic recreational amenity aanvangstraining English: initial training English definition: Any education, instruction or discipline occurring at the beginning of an activity, task, occupation or life span. (Source: RHW) aanvullende overeenkomst van Brussel English: Brussels additional agreement aanvullende verpakking English: additional packaging English definition: Additional packaging around the normal sales packaging. For example as protection against theft or for the purpose of advertising; the customer may leave the additional packaging in the shop for waste collection. (Source: RRDA) aardbeving English: earthquake English definition: The violent shaking of the ground produced by deep seismic waves, beneath the epicentre, generated by a sudden decrease or release in a volume of rock of elastic strain accumulated over a long time in regions of seismic activity (tectonic earthquake). The magnitude of an earthquake is represented by the Richter scale; the intensity by the Mercalli scale. (Source: GUNN) aardewerk English: ceramics English definition: The art and techniques of producing articles of clay, porcelain, etc. (Source: CED) aardewerkindustrie English: ceramics industry English definition: Manufacturing plant producing ceramic items. (Source: LEE) aardgas English: natural gas English definition: A natural fuel containing methane and hydrocarbons that occurs in certain geologic formations. (Source: LANDY) aardgasexploratie English: natural gas exploration English definition: Underground prospection conducted with various methods to discover natural gas deposits which are usually found in the immediate vicinity of crude petroleum. (Source: ZINZAN / PARCOR) aardgaswinning English: natural gas extraction English definition: The tapping of natural gas from wells located under the sea and in general from underground sources often in association with petroleum deposits; it is used as a fuel, having largely replaced coal-gas for this purpose, and as a source of intermediates for organic synthesis. (Source: GRAHAWa / UVAROVa / GILP96a) aardkorst English: earth's crust English definition: The outer layers of the Earth's structure, varying between 6 and 48 km in thickness, and comprising all the material above the Mohorovicic Discontinuity (a seismic discontinuity occurring between the crust of the earth and the underlying mantle; the discontinuity occurs at an average depth of 35 km below the continents and at about 10 km below the oceans). The earlier idea of a cool solid skin overlaying a hot molten interior has now been replaced by a concept of a crust composed of two shells: an inner basic unit composed of sima (oceanic crust) and an outer granitic unit composed of sial (continental crust). (Source: WHIT) aardolie; ruwe aardolie English: petroleum English definition: A comparatively volatile liquid bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbon, with traces of sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen compounds; can be removed from the earth in a liquid state. (Source: MGH) aardolie-exploratie English: oil exploration aardolie-geologie English: petroleum geology English definition: The branch of economic geology that relates to the origin, migration and accumulation of oil and gas, and to the discovery of commercial deposits. Its practice involves the application of geochemistry, geophysics, paleontology, structural geology and stratigraphy to the problems of finding hydrocarbons. (Source: BJGEO) aardolie-industrie English: petroleum industry English definition: Manufacturing industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding, and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. (Source: PZ) aardolieramp English: oil disaster English definition: The disaster caused by the dumping and accidental spillage of oil into waterways from ships and land-based or offshore installations. Oil pollution may destroy or damage aquatic life and wildlife such as birds, contaminate water supplies and create fire hazards. (Source: GILP96) aardolieverbruik English: petroleum consumption English definition: Petroleum belongs to non-renewable energy sources; it is a complex substance derived from the carbonized remains of trees, ferns, mosses, and other types of vegetable matter. The principal chemical constituents of oil are carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur. The various fuels made from crude oil are jet fuel, gasoline, kerosine, diesel fuel, and heavy fuel oils. Major oil consumption is in the following areas: transportation, residential-commercial, industrial and for generating electric power. (Source: PARCOR) aardoliewinning English: oil extraction English definition: Recovery of oil by surface mining, as in tar sands or oil shales, or from tunnels in a shallow reservoir. (Source: BJGEO) aardrijkskunde, geografie English: geography aardverschuiving English: landslide English definition: Mass-movement landforms and processes involving the downslope transport, under gravitationary influence of soil and rock material en masse. (Source: BJGEO) aardwetenschappen English: earth science English definition: The science that deals with the earth or any part thereof; includes the disciplines of geology, geography, oceanography and meteorology, among others. (Source: MGH) abiotische factor English: abiotic factor English definition: Physical, chemical and other non-living environmental factors. They are essential for living plants and animals of an ecosystem, providing the essential elements and nutrients that are necessary for growth. The abiotic elements also include the climatic and pedologic components of the ecosystem. (Source: LBC / WRIGHT) abiotische omgeving English: abiotic environment English definition: The non-living components of the environment (rocks, minerals, soil, water and climate). (Source: WRIGHT) absorptie (blootstelling) English: absorption (exposure) English definition: The taking in of fluids or other substances by cells or tissues. (Source: LANDY) academisch English: academic accu English: accumulator English definition: A rechargeable device for storing electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, consisting of one or more separate secondary cells. (Source: CED) achtergrondgeluid English: background noise English definition: Noise coming from source other than the noise source being monitored. (Source: KOREN) achtergrondniveau English: background level English definition: Term used in a variety of situations, always as the constant or natural amount of a given substance, radiation, noise, etc. (Source: KORENa) achtergrondstraling English: background radiation English definition: Radiation resulting from natural sources, as opposed to man-made sources, and to which people are exposed in everyday, normal life; for example from rocks and soil. (Source: WRIGHT / MGH) achteruitgang van het bos English: forest deterioration English definition: Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. (Source: WPR) achteruitgang van het ecosysteem English: ecosystem degradation English definition: Degradation or destruction of large natural environments. When one ecosystem is under attack as a result of natural or man-made disaster it is extremely difficult to calculate the ripple effects throughout nature. When two or more ecosystems are being degraded the probabilities of synergistic destructiveness multiply. Ecosystems in many regions are threatened, despite their biological richness and their promise of material benefits. (Source: WPR) actie English: action English definition: The process of doing or an act or performance that has been carried out; a legal proceeding brought by one party against another. (Source: RHW) actief slib English: activated sludge English definition: Sludge that has been aerated and subjected to bacterial action; used to speed breakdown of organism matter in raw sewage during secondary waste treatment. (Source: LANDY) actiegroep English: action group English definition: A collection of persons united to address specific sociopolitical or socioeconomic concerns. (Source: RHW) acties English: acts actieve kool English: activated carbon English definition: A powdered, granular or pelleted form of amorphous carbon characterized by a very large surface area per unit volume because of an enormous number of fine pores. (Source: LANDY) actieve populatie English: active population English definition: The number of people available and eligible for employment within a given enterprise, region or nation. (Source: ODE) actinide English: actinide English definition: A group of 15 radioactive elements some of which occur naturally while others are produced in nuclear reactions. They include plutonium, americium and neptunium. The health hazard presented by the actinides, if they are released into the environment, comes from the potency of their radioactive characteristics. They are alpha-emitters, and therefore can cause intense localized damage in tissues if absorbed into the body. (Source: WRIGHT) actinium English: actinium English definition: A radioactive element of the actinide series, occurring as a decay product of uranium. It is used as an alpha particle source and in neutron production. (Source: CED) additief English: additive English definition: Substances mixed in small quantities with another product to modify its chemical or physical state. Additives are used to make food look visually more attractive, in the case of colouring agents, as well as to preserve and extend the life of the product. (Source: WRIGHT) ademhaling English: respiration English definition: The process in living organisms of taking in oxygen from the surroundings and giving out carbon dioxide. (Source: CED) ademhalingskanaal English: respiratory tract English definition: The structures and passages involved with intake, expulsion, and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the vertebrate body. (Source: MGH) ademhalingsstelsel English: respiratory system English definition: The structures and passages involved with the intake, expulsion and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the vertebrate body. (Source: MGH) ademhalingsziekte English: respiratory disease administratief beroep English: administrative occupation administratief recht English: administrative law English definition: Body of law created by administrative agencies in the form of rules, regulations, orders and decisions to carry out regulatory powers and duties of such agencies. (Source: BLACK) administratief rechtsgebied English: administrative jurisdiction English definition: The extent, power or territory in which an office with executive or managerial authority administers justice or declares judgments. (Source: RHW / BLD) administratieve akte English: administrative deed English definition: Any formal and legitimate step taken or decision made on matters of policy by a chief or other top-level officer within an organization. (Source: DAM) administratieve instructie English: administrative instructions English definition: Education in the theories and practices of managing an office, business or organization. (Source: RHW) administratieve organisatie English: administrative organisation administratieve procedure English: administrative procedure administratieve rechter English: administrative court (administration) English definition: An independent, specialized judicial tribunal in which judges or officials are authorized by a government agency to conduct hearings and render decisions in proceedings between the government agency and the persons, businesses or other organizations that it regulates. (Source: BLD) administratieve sanctie English: administrative sanction English definition: Generally, any formal official imposition of penalty or fine; destruction, taking, seizure, or withholding of property; assessment of damages, reimbursement, restitution, compensation, costs, charges or fees; requirement, revocation or suspension of license; and taking other compulsory or restrictive action by organization, agency or its representative. adsorptie English: adsorption English definition: The physical or chemical bonding of molecules of gas, liquid or a dissolved substance to the external surface of a solid or the internal surface, if the material is porous, in a very thin layer. (Source: ALL) advies English: consultancy English definition: The position or practice of a qualified person paid for advice or services. (Source: OED) aerobe behandeling English: aerobic treatment English definition: The introduction of air into sewage so as to provide aerobic biochemical stabilization during a detention period. (Source: KOREN) aerobe voorwaarden English: aerobic condition English definition: Life common to the majority of animal and plants species requiring the presence of oxygen. (Source: LAROUSa) aerobiologie English: aerobiology English definition: The study of the atmospheric dispersal of airborne fungus spores, pollen grains, and microorganisms; and, more broadly, of airborne propagules of algae and protozoans, minute insects such as aphids, and pollution gases and particles which exert specific biologic effects. (Source: MGH) aerodynamisch geluid English: aerodynamic noise English definition: Acoustic noise caused by turbulent airflow over the surface of a body. (Source: MGH) aeroob proces English: aerobic process English definition: A process requiring the presence of oxygen. (Source: MGH) aerosol English: aerosol English definition: A gaseous suspension of ultramicroscopic particles of a liquid or a solid. (Source: MGH) afbakeningsprocedure English: scoping procedure English definition: The prescribed step or manner of proceeding in an environmental impact assessment, by which a public discussion is held to discuss the information that needs to be developed, the alternatives that need to be considered and other important environmental issues. (Source: ERG) afbraak English: decomposition English definition: The more or less permanent breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms. (Source: MGH) afbraak English: degradation English definition: A type of organic chemical reaction in which a compound is converted into a simpler compound in stages. (Source: ALL2) afbraak onder invloed van licht English: photodegradation English definition: The capability of being decomposed by prolonged exposure to light. (Source: CEDa) afbraak van gebouwen English: building destruction English definition: The tearing down of buildings by mechanical means. (Source: MGHa) afbraak van stratosferische ozon English: stratospheric ozone depletion English definition: Damage of the ozone shield by chemicals released on Earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are used in refrigerators, aerosols, and as cleaners in many industries, and halons which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. (Source: WRIGHT) afbraak van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant degradation English definition: The physical, chemical or biological breakdown of a complex polluting material into simpler components. (Source: FFD) afbraakproduct English: degradation product English definition: Those chemicals resulting from partial decomposition or chemical breakdown of substances. (Source: LEE) afbreekbaarheid English: degradability English definition: The capacity of being decomposed chemically or biologically. (Source: CED) afdekking [actie] English: covering afdekking van een afvalstortplaats English: landfill covering English definition: The protective shielding, consisting of soil or some other material, that encloses disposal sites for compacted, non-hazardous solid waste, or secures disposal sites for hazardous waste to minimize the chance of releasing hazardous substances into the environment. (Source: TOE) afdekstro English: litter English definition: Straw, hay or similar material used as bedding by animals. (Source: CED) affakkelen English: flaring English definition: 1) Flares use open flames during normal and/or emergency operations to combust hazardous gaseous. The system has no special features to control temperature or time of combustion; however, supplemental fuel may be required to sustain the combustion. Historically, flares have been used to dispose of waste gases in the oil and gas industry and at wastewater treatment plants having anaerobic digestors. Regulation for thermal destruction of hazardous wastes limit the practical use of flaring to combustion of relatively simple hydrocarbons, such as methane from digesters or landfill gas collection systems. 2) A control device that burns hazardous materials to prevent their release into the environment; may operate continuously or intermittently, usually on top a stack. (Source: CORBIT / EPAGLO) afgedankt geneeskrachtig medicijn English: discarded medicinal drug afgegraven grond English: excavation heap English definition: Residue in form of a heap, consisting of earth or other material, produced by excavation. afgesloten natuurgebied English: central park area English definition: The core area of a park or of a reserve where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. (Source: WRIGHT) afgevaardigd beheer English: delegated management English definition: The process of assigning or transferring authority, decision making or a specific administrative function from one entity to another. (Source: OED) afgevaardigde van een fabriek English: plant delegate English definition: A person authorized to act on behalf of workers or managers of a company, such as at business conventions or at meetings involving labor relations. (Source: RHW) afgifte gemuteerde micro-organismen English: mutated micro-organisms release English definition: The release of mutated micro-organisms creates the risk that they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce from such an engineered microorganism, a form with hazardous consequences for the environment. (Source: WPR) afgraven English: excavation (process) English definition: The removal of earth from its natural position. (Source: HARRIS) afgraving English: excavated hole English definition: A pit, cavity, or other uncovered cutting produced by excavation. (Source: BJGEOa) afgravingplaats English: excavation site English definition: The location chosen for an excavation, meaning the act or process of removing soil and/or rock materials by digging, blasting, breaking, loading either at the surface or underground. (Source: BJGEOa) afgravingskant English: excavation side English definition: Sloping surface of an excavation. (Source: RRDA) afname English: decrease Afrika English: Africa English definition: The second largest of the continents, on the Mediterranean in the north, the Atlantic in the west, and the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Indian Ocean in the east. The Sahara desert divides the continent unequally into North Africa and Africa south of Sahara. The largest lake is Lake Victoria and the chief rivers are the Nile, Niger, Congo, and Zambezi. The hottest continent, Africa has vast mineral resources, many of which are still undeveloped. (Source: CED / AMHER) afscheider; scheider English: separator English definition: A machine for separating materials of different specific gravity by means of water or air. (Source: MGH) afscheiding in water English: emission to water English definition: The discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous pollutants or contaminants into a body of water. (Source: WWC) afschermen English: screening English definition: The reduction of the electric field about a nucleus by the space charge of the surrounding electrons. (Source: MGH) afschrijven English: write-off English definition: Accounting procedure that is used when an asset is uncollectible and is therefore charged-off as a loss. (Source: ISEP / RHW) afschrikking English: deterrence English definition: Punishment aiming at deterring the criminal from repeating his offences or deterring others from committing similar acts. (Source: DICLAW) afschrikmiddel English: deterrent English definition: Any measure, implement or policy designed to discourage or restrain the actions or advance of another agent, organization or state. (Source: RHW) afsluiting van de onderlaag van een afvalstortplaats English: landfill base sealing English definition: Sealing of a landfill with a relatively impermeable barrier designed to keep leachate inside. Liner materials include plastic and dense clay. (Source: EPAGLO) afsmelting van een reactorkern English: core meltdown English definition: An accidental overheating of the part of the nuclear reactor where fission takes place, causing fuel elements and other parts of the reactor to melt, potentially leading to catastrophic consequences in which dangerous levels of radioactive materials would be released into the environment. (Source: FFD) afsnijden van waterplantengroei English: water weed cutting English definition: Cutting down by scythe or machine at intervals the vegetation growth and grasses on banks and berms of irrigation and drainage channels or cropped areas. (Source: ECHO1) afspoelen English: rinsing English definition: The removal of thin layers of surface material more or less evenly from an extensive area of gently sloping land, by broad continuous sheets of running water rather than by streams flowing in well-defined channels; e.g. erosion that occurs when rain washes away a thin layer of topsoil. (Source: BJGEO) afstandsverwarming English: teleheating English definition: The supply of heat, either in the form of steam or hot water, from a central source to a group of buildings. (Source: MGH) afsterving English: necrosis English definition: The pathologic death of living tissue in a plant or animal. aftappen van ondergronds water English: exploitation of underground water English definition: The process of extracting underground water from a source. (Source: BJGEO) afvaardiging English: delegation English definition: A person or group chosen to represent another or others. (Source: CED) afval English: waste afval afkomstig van de gezondheidssector English: health-care activities waste afval van gewassen English: crop waste English definition: Any unusable portion of plant matter left in a field after harvest. (Source: CNI) afval van strooiapparaat English: refuse shredder English definition: A machine used to break up refuse material into smaller pieces by tearing and/or impact. (Source: PORT) afvalanalyse English: waste analysis English definition: An investigation carried out to decide what arrangements are appropriate for dealing with different kinds of wastes. (Source: PORTa) afvalbak English: waste bin English definition: A container for litter, rubbish, etc. (Source: CED) afvalbalans English: waste balance English definition: The inventory of all waste produced or recovered during a certain time period, classified by type and quantity. (Source: DOG) afvalbeheer English: waste management English definition: The total supervision of waste production, handling, processing, storage, and transport from its point of generation to its final acceptable disposal. (Source: HMD / ISEP) afvalbeperking English: waste minimisation English definition: Measures or techniques, including plans and directives, that reduce the amount of wastes generated. Examples of waste minimisation are environmentally-sound recycling and source reduction practices. (Source: TOE / DEE) afvalbeperking English: waste reduction English definition: Practices that reduce the amount of waste generated by a specific source through the redesigning of products or patterns of production or consumption. (Source: TOE) afvalcategorie English: type of waste English definition: A grouping by type of unusable material left over from any process. (Source: ISEP) afvalclassificatie English: waste classification English definition: The arrangement of unwanted materials left over from manufacturing processes or refuse from places of human or animal habitation into a variety of categories based on chemical and microbiological constituents or other common characteristics. (Source: TOE) afvalgassenverspreiding English: waste gas dispersion English definition: The process of breaking up and producing a diffuse distribution of the unusable aeriform fluid or suspension of fine particles in air resulting from a manufacturing process or the burning of a substance in an enclosed area. (Source: OED / RHW) afvalgebruik English: waste use English definition: The incorporation of wastes into natural or artificial cycles, mainly in order to recover secondary raw materials or energy. afvalheffing English: waste charge English definition: Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: TOE / RHW) afvalinvoervergunning English: waste importation permit English definition: An authorization, license or equivalent control document issued by a government agency that approves bringing in refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process from foreign countries. (Source: TOE) afvalinzameling English: waste collection English definition: The periodic or on-demand removal of solid waste from primary source locations using a collection vehicle and followed by the depositing of this waste at some central facility or disposal site. (Source: GSW / ISEP) afvalinzameling bij de bron English: waste collection at source English definition: The gathering and transporting of refuse from its place of origin. (Source: RHW) afvalolie English: waste oil English definition: Oil arising as a waste product of the use of oils in a wide range of industrial and commercial activities, such as engineering, power generation and vehicle maintenance and should be properly disposed of, or treated in order to be reused. (Source: GRAHAW / DEE) afvalomzettingstechniek English: waste conversion technique English definition: Any specialized procedure or method used to transform refuse from one state, form or chemical composition into another. (Source: RHW / ISEP) afvalontgassing English: waste degasification English definition: The removal of gaseous components form waste. (Source: RRDA) afvalopslag English: waste storage English definition: Temporary holding of waste pending treatment or disposal. Storage methods include containers, tanks, waste piles, and surface impoundments. (Source: RRDA) afvalproducent English: waste producer English definition: Sources of waste generation, typically used to refer to the domestic, commercial/industrial, or construction and demolition sectors. (Source: USERS) afvalrecycling English: waste recycling English definition: A method of recovering wastes as resources which includes the collection, and often involving the treatment, of waste products for use as a replacement of all or part of the raw material in a manufacturing process. (Source: GRT) afvalsanering English: pollution abatement waste English definition: Wastes resulting from the operations of pollutant removal from industries, cleaning processes, etc. (Source: RRDA) afvalsortering English: waste sorting English definition: Separating waste into different materials, such as glass, metal, paper, plastic, etc. (Source: PHC) afvalsorteringseenheid English: waste sorting unit English definition: Centralized recycling centres to which waste materials are brought and where they are separated. (Source: CORBIT) afvalstatistieken English: waste statistics English definition: Determination of the quantity and character of the wastes discarded by a community, by spot sampling procedure. (Source: CORBIT) afvalstoffen,vervuilende stoffen, vervuiling English: wastes, pollutants, pollution afvalstortplaats English: landfill English definition: The oldest method of waste disposal for the solid matter discarded in the domestic dustbin, along with the packaging material and paper from high street shops and offices. Landfill sites are usually disused quarries and gravel pits. When they were filled, previous practice was to cover them up with soil and forget about them. Housing estates have been built, often with disastrous consequences, on old landfill dumps. Waste burial has now become a serious technology and a potential source of energy. Landfill sites can be designed to be bioreactors, which deliberately produce methane, gas as a source of biofuel or alternative energy. Traditionally, waste tips remained exposed to air and aerobic microbes - those which thrive in air - in order to turn some of the waste into compost. However, open tips also encourage vermin, smell in hot weather and disfigure the landscape. In the 1960s, as a tidier and safer option, landfill operators began to seal each day's waste in a clay cell. While excluding vermin, the clay also excluded air. Decomposition relied on anaerobic microbes, which die in air. However, the process produced methane (natural gas), which was a safety hazard. The methane is now extracted by sinking a network of perforated pipes into the site. (Source: WRIGHT) afvalstortplaats English: waste dump English definition: Area where wastes are deposited and burned. (Source: ZINZAN) afvalstortplaatspercolaat English: landfill leachate English definition: Liquid that has seeped through solid waste in a landfill and has extracted soluble dissolved or suspended materials in the process. (Source: WWC) afvaltranvervoer English: waste transport English definition: Transportation of wastes by means of special vehicles. (Source: RRDA) afvalverbranding English: incineration of waste English definition: The controlled burning of solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes to produce gases and solid residues containing little or no combustible material in order to reduce the bulk of the original waste materials. (Source: ISEP) afvalverbrandingsinstallatie English: waste incinerator English definition: Establishment where waste is burnt. (Source: PHC) afvalverwerking English: waste disposal English definition: The orderly process of discarding unwanted or useless material. (Source: GSW) afvalverwerking English: waste treatment English definition: Any process or combination of processes that changes the chemical, physical or biological composition or character of any waste or reduces or removes its harmful properties or characteristics for any purpose. (Source: HMD) afvalverwerkingkost English: waste disposal cost English definition: The amount of money incurred for the action of removing or getting rid of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: EFP / OED / TOE) afvalverwerkingseffluent English: waste treatment effluent English definition: Partially or completely treated water or waste water flowing out of a waste treatment plant. (Source: DEE) afvalverwerkingsfabriek English: waste treatment plant English definition: Place where waste material is treated to make it reusable or so it may be disposed of safely. (Source: PHC) afvalverwerkingsheffing English: waste disposal charge English definition: Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the action of removing or getting rid of refuse or unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: TOE / RHW) afvalverwerkingsindustrie English: waste processing industry afvalverwerkingsplan English: sanitation plan English definition: Plans for the control of the physical factors in the human environment that can harm development, health, or survival. (Source: LANDY) afvalverwerkingswet English: waste disposal act English definition: Law that settles the rules concerning the disposal, recycling and treatment of wastes. (Source: DIZAMB) afvalverwijderingsindustrie English: waste removal industry English definition: The aggregate of commercial enterprises primarily concerned with eliminating or getting rid of refuse from places of human or animal habitation or of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: TOE) afvalvijver English: tailings pond English definition: Any collection of liquid effluents or wastewater drained or separated out during the processing of crops or mineral ores. (Source: TOE) afvalvoorkoming English: waste avoidance English definition: All measures by which production and consumption processes are caused to generate less (or no waste), or to generate only those wastes that can be treated without causing problems. afvalwarmte English: waste heat English definition: Heat derived from the cooling process of electric power generating plants and which can cause thermal pollution of water courses, promoting algal bloom. (Source: MGH) afvalwarmteheffing English: waste heat charge English definition: The release of heat generated as a byproduct from industrial or power generation processes. (Source: TOE) afvalwater English: sewage English definition: Any liquid-born waste that contains animal or plant matter in suspension or solution, soils and storm water, or chemicals in solution. (Source: APD) afvalwater English: waste water English definition: Used water, or water that is not needed, which is permitted to escape, or unavoidably escapes from canals, ditches, reservoirs or other bodies of water, for which the owners of these structures are legally responsible. (Source: WWC) afvalwaterbelasting English: waste water load English definition: The amount of spent or used water, often containing dissolved and suspended matter, that is found in a stream or some other body of water. (Source: WWC) afvalwaterheffing English: waste water charge English definition: Imposed fee, expense, or cost for the management of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm, or industry. (Source: TOE / RHW) afvalwaterkwaliteit English: waste water quality English definition: The state or condition of spent or used water that contains dissolved or suspended matter from a home, community farm or industry. (Source: TOE / RHW) afvalwaterslib English: waste water sludge English definition: The removed materials resulting from physical, biological and chemical treatment of waste water. (Source: WWC) afvalwaterstatistieken English: waste water statistics afvalwatervermindering English: waste water reduction English definition: The act or process of lessening the volume of used or spent water that is discharged from homes, businesses or industries. (Source: RHW / FFD / TOE) afvalwatervervuiling English: waste water pollution English definition: The impairment of the quality of some medium due to the introduction of spent or used water from a community or industry. (Source: WWC) afvalwaterverwerking English: waste water disposal English definition: Collection and removal of wastewater deriving from industrial and urban settlements by means of a system of pipes and treatment plants. (Source: MANCOS) afvalwaterverwerking English: waste water treatment English definition: Any process to which wastewater is subjected which would remove, or otherwise render harmless to human health and the environment, its constituent wastes. (Source: WWC / WQA) afvalwaterverwerkingsfabriek English: waste water treatment plant English definition: Plant where, through physical-chemical and biological processes, organic matter, bacteria, viruses and solids are removed from residential, commercial and industrial wastewaters before they are discharged in rivers, lakes and seas. (Source: PARCOR) afvalwaterverwerkingssysteem English: sewage treatment system English definition: Sewage treatment comes in two stages - primary and secondary treatment. The primary stage involves a process of screening solids from sewage, leaving a sludge and relatively clear water for further treatment or for disposal into rivers, the sea or on to the land. In the secondary stage the sludge is stirred constantly in vast tanks to get more oxygen into the mixture, allowing bacteria to break down the organic matter and leave a harmless residue that falls as a sediment to the bottom of the tank. After processing, the clear water on top of the tank is discharged into rivers and the sediment is used as landfill or discharged at sea. (Source: WRIGHT) afvalwaterwetgeving English: waste water legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the outflow and disposal of spent or used water from a home, community, farm or industry that contains dissolved or suspended matter. (Source: TOE) afvalwaterzuivering English: waste water purification English definition: Processing of waste water for reuse. (Source: LANDY) afvalwaterzuivering ter plekke English: on-site wastewater treatment English definition: A process in which used or spent water is treated at the point of origin or where it was produced, by using a septic tank or some other system to remove or reduce the impact of constituent wastes on human health and the environment. (Source: WQL / WWC) afvalwetgeving English: waste legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the disposal of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process or the refuse from places of human or animal habitation. (Source: TOE) afvoer van overgestroomd water English: flood runoff English definition: The total quantity of water flowing from the catchment during the period of the flood. (Source: ECHO2) afvoerbuis in zee English: sea outfall English definition: The point, location or structure where effluent discharges into a body of marine waters such as a sea, ocean, etc. (Source: WWC) afvoerlucht English: waste air English definition: Exhaust or gaseous air given off by any industrial, manufacturing or chemical process. (Source: TOE / RHW) afvoerstelsel voor regenwater English: rain water sewer system English definition: Channels for clearing away rain water. (Source: PHC) afwateren English: draining English definition: The removal of water from a marshy area by artificial means, e.g. the introduction of drains. (Source: WHIT) afwatering English: drainage English definition: 1) Removal of groundwater or surface water, or of water from structures, by gravity or pumping.2) The discharge of water from a soil by percolation (the process by which surface water moves downwards through cracks, joints and pores in soil and rocks). (Source: MGH / WHIT) afwatering English: drainage water English definition: Incidental surface waters from diverse sources such as rainfall, snow melt or permafrost melt. (Source: JJK) afwatering English: runoff English definition: Rate at which water is removed by flowing over the soil surface. This rate is determined by the texture of the soil, slope, climate, and land use cover (e.g. paved surface, grass, forest, bare soil). (Source: LANDY) afwatering van de ondergrond English: subsoil drainage English definition: The removal of surplus water from within the soil by natural or artificial means, such as by drains placed below the surface to lower the water table below the root zone. (Source: BJGEO) afwatering van de oppervlakte English: surface runoff English definition: Water that travels over the soil surface to the nearest surface stream; runoff of a drainage basin that has not passed beneath the surface since precipitation. (Source: BJGEO) afwateringsgebied English: watershed English definition: The dividing line between two adjacent river systems, such as a ridge. (Source: CED) afwateringssyteem English: drainage system English definition: A surface stream, or a body of impounded surface water, together with all other such streams and water bodies that are tributary to it and by which a region is drained. An artificial drainage system includes also surface and subsurface conduits. (Source: BJGEO) afweermiddel English: defence English definition: The act or process of protecting citizens or any geographical area by preparing for or by using military means to resist the attack of an enemy. (Source: OED) afwisselend geluid English: intermittent noise English definition: Noise occurring at regular or irregular intervals. (Source: CED) afwisseling English: alteration English definition: The act of altering or the state of being altered. (Source: CED) afzetting English: deposition English definition: The process by which polluting material is precipitated from the atmosphere and accumulates in ecosystems. (Source: APD) afzetting English: sedimentation (geology) English definition: The act or process of forming or accumulating sediment in layers, including such processes as the separation of rock particles from the material from which the sediment is derived, the transportation of these particles to the site of deposition, the actual deposition or settling of the particles, the chemical and other changes occurring in the sediment, and the ultimate consolidation of the sediment into solid rock. (Source: BJGEO) afzetting English: sediment English definition: Any material transported by water which will ultimately settle to the bottom after the water loses its transporting power. (Source: LANDY) afzetting in zee English: marine sediment English definition: Solid fragmental material, originated from weathering of rocks, that has settled down from a state of suspension in the water. (Source: BJGEOa) afzetting van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant deposition English definition: The act or process in which polluting agents settle or accumulate naturally in ecosystems. (Source: APD) afzettingsbekken English: sedimentary basin English definition: A geomorphic feature of the earth in which the surface has subsided for a prolonged time, including deep ocean floors, intercontinental rifts and elevated and interior drainage basins. (Source: MHD) afzettingsbekken English: sedimentation basin English definition: A basin in which suspended matter is removed either by quiescent settlement or by continuous flow at high velocity and extended retention time to allow deposition. (Source: MGH) Agenda 21 English: Agenda 21 English definition: Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, is a comprehensive programme of action to be achieved by governments, development agencies, United Nations organizations and independent sector groups in every area where human activity affects the environment. Agenda 21 was adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the Earth Summit. Agenda 21 is the response to the UN General Assembly's call, in December 1989, for a global meeting to devise strategies to halt and reverse the effects of environment degradation 'in the context of increased national and international efforts to promote sustainable and environmentally sound development in all countries'. (Source: WRIGHT) agens dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte English: surface-active agent English definition: A substance that, when used in small quantities, modifies the surface properties of liquids or solids. A surface-active agent reduces surface tension in a fluid or the interfacial tension between two immiscible fluids, such as oil and water. Surfactants are particularly useful in accomplishing the wetting or penetration of solids by aqueous liquids and serve in the manner of detergent, emulsifying, or dispersing agents. They are more effective than soap in certain situations and are used by conservators for such purposes as cleaning, wetting, and dispersing. (Source: PALIM) agens met directe inducerende werking English: direct discharger English definition: Factories and industrial concerns which do not discharge their sewage directly into public sewers, but directly into a waterway. (Source: AZENP) aggregaatonttrekking English: aggregate extraction English definition: Extraction of crushed rock or gravel screened to sizes for use in road surfaces, concretes, or bituminous mixes. (Source: KOREN) agrarische beroepsbevolking English: working population engaged in agriculture English definition: The number of a particular region or nation's working population gainfully employed or otherwise occupied with the production of crops, livestock or poultry. (Source: RHW) agrochemisch English: agrochemical English definition: Any substance or mixture of substances used or intended to be used for preventing, destroying, repelling, attracting, inhibiting, or controlling any insects, rodents, birds, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, weeds or other forms of plant, animal or microbial life regarded as pests. (Source: GILP96) agro-industrie English: agroindustry English definition: Industry dealing with the supply, processing and distribution of farm products. (Source: PHC) agrovoeding English: agri-foodstuff English definition: Industry dealing with the production, processing, and supply of agricultural food products. (Source: PHCa) AIDS English: AIDS English definition: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by HIV-virus manifested by opportunistic infections and/or malignancies, and the mortality rate is very high. The syndrome results from a breakdown of the body's disease-fighting mechanism that leaves it defenceless against infections, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, certain blood infections, candidiasis, invasive cervical cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma or any of over 20 other indicator diseases. No effective treatment is available. A striking feature of AIDS is the wide spectrum and frequency of infections with life-threatening pathogens seldom seen in normal hosts. The illness may begin with insidious signs and symptoms, and the process may be more diffuse than when the same conditions are seen in other immune-compromised patients. Four patterns of disease occur in AIDS patients. The pulmonary pattern, the central nervous system pattern, the gastrointestinal pattern, and the pattern of fever of unknown origin. Most patients who recover from a given opportunistic infection subsequently either have a relapse or develop a new type of infection. Many patients continue to have a wasting syndrome and experience such infections as oral thrush. Feelings of depression and isolation are common among AIDS patients and can be intensified if health care workers display fear of the syndrome. (Source: WPR) akker English: field English definition: A limited area of land with grass or crops growing on it, which is usually surrounded by fences or closely planted bushes when it is part of a farm. (Source: CAMB) akkerbouw English: arable farming English definition: Growing crops as opposed to dairy farming, cattle farming, etc. (Source: PHC) akten English: act English definition: 1) Something done voluntarily by a person, and of such a nature that certain legal consequences attach to it.2) Documents, decrees, edicts, laws, judgments, etc. (Source: WESTS) alarm English: alarm English definition: Signalling an impending danger in order to call attention to some event or condition. (Source: CED / AMHER) alarmsysteem English: warning system English definition: Any series of procedures and devices designed to detect sudden or potential threats to persons, property or the environment, often utilizing radar technology. (Source: RHW) alcohol English: alcohol English definition: A group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The molecules in the series vary in chain length and are composed of a hydrocarbon plus a hydroxyl group. Alcohol includes methanol and ethanol. (Source: EIADOE) alcoholbenzine English: gasohol English definition: A mixture of 80% or 90% petrol with 20% or 10% ethyl alcohol, for use as a fuel in internal combustion engines. (Source: CED) alcoholbrandstof English: fuel alcohol English definition: Alternative source of energy for motor vehicles. It is produced by fermentation of sugar cane by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Source: DICCHE) alfastraling English: alpha radiation English definition: A stream of alpha particles which are ejected from many radioactive substances having a penetrating power of a few cm in air but can be stopped by a thin piece of paper. (Source: MGH / PITT) algemeen English: general algemeen onderwijs English: general education English definition: Informal learning or formal instruction with broad application to human existence beyond the domain of any particular subject or discipline, often equated with liberal arts in the university setting and contrasted to courses required for a specific major or program. (Source: ISEP / COE) algemene administratieve opdracht English: general administrative order English definition: An administrative mandate outlining the process by which a concept, plan, decree or law is to be put into actual practice by a specific organization or government agency. (Source: DAM) algemene scheikunde English: general chemistry English definition: The study of the elements and the compounds they form. (Source: DICCHE) algemene termen English: general terms algendodende stof English: algicide English definition: Any substance or chemical applied to kill or control algal growth. (Source: LANDY) algengroei English: algal bloom English definition: Excessive and rapid growth of algae and other aquatic plants when they are stimulated to grow too quickly by pollution. It takes place when there are too many nutrients in the water and is aggravated when accompanied by a rise in temperature. Although the algae grow quickly they soon die because they have swallowed up all the water's nutrients. As they decompose they tend to rise to the surface and form a green slime. Algal bloom have increased because higher levels of nitrogen and phosphates from agricultural areas have leached from the fields into water courses. (Source: WRIGHT) alicyclische samenstelling English: alicyclic compound English definition: Any substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds characterized by straight-chained, branched or cyclic properties. (Source: RHW) alifatische koolwaterstof English: aliphatic hydrocarbon English definition: Hydrocarbons having an open chain of carbon atoms, whether normal or forked, saturated or unsaturated. (Source: MGH) alifatische verbinding English: aliphatic compound English definition: Any organic compound of hydrogen and carbon characterized by a straight chain of the carbon atoms. (Source: MGH) alkalische batterij English: alkaline battery English definition: A primary cell that uses an alkaline electrolyte, usually potassium hydroxide, and delivers about 1.5 volts at much higher current rates than the common carbon-zinc cell. Also known as alkaline-manganese cell. (Source: MGH) alkalische bodem English: alkali land English definition: Any geomorphic area, often a level lake-like plain, with soil containing a high percentage of mineral salts, located especially in arid regions. (Source: MHD / RHW) alkalische bodem English: alkali soil English definition: Soil that contains sufficient exchangeable sodium to interfere with water penetration and crop growth, either with or without appreciable quantities of soluble salts. (Source: LANDY) alkeen English: alkane English definition: Paraffins. A homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2. Their systematic names end in -ane. They are chemically inert, stable, and flammable. The first four members of the series (methane, ethane, propane, butane) are gases at ordinary temperatures; the next eleven are liquids, and form the main constituents of paraffin oil; the higher members are solids. Paraffin waxs consists mainly of higher alkanes. (Source: UVAROV) alkyl-verbinding English: alkyl compound English definition: Compound containing one or more alkyl radicals. (Source: MGH) allergeen English: allergen English definition: Any antigen, such as pollen, a drug, or food, that induces an allergic state in humans or animals. (Source: MGH) allergie English: allergy English definition: A condition of abnormal sensitivity in certain individuals to contact with substances such as proteins, pollens, bacteria, and certain foods. This contact may result in exaggerated physiologic responses such as hay fever, asthma, and in severe enough situations, anaphylactic shock. (Source: KOREN) allernieuwst English: state of the art English definition: Everything made available to the public by means of a written or oral description, by use or in any other way before the date of the patent application, or an application filed in a foreign country the priority of which is validly claimed. (Source: ECHO1) alluviale vlakte English: alluvial plain English definition: A level or gently sloping tract or a slightly undulating land surface produced by extensive deposition of alluvium, usually adjacent to a river that periodically overflows its banks; it may be situated on a flood plain, a delta, or an alluvial fan. (Source: BJGEO) alluvium English: alluvion English definition: An overflowing; an inundation or flood, especially when the water is charged with much suspended material. (Source: BJGEO) alternatief materiaal English: alternative material English definition: Materials employed in the place of others which are more dangerous for the environment, such as phosphate substitutes in detergents. (Source: RRDA) alternatieve technologie English: alternative technology English definition: Technology that, as an alternative to resource-intensive and wasteful industry, aims to utilize resources sparingly, with minimum damage to the environment, at affordable cost and with a possible degree of control over the processes. (Source: GUNN) aluminium English: aluminium English definition: A light white metal, ductile and malleable, and a good conductor of electricity. It occurs widely in nature in clays and is the third most abundant element in the Earth's crust. It is extracted mainly from bauxite by electrolysis of a molten mixture of purified bauxite and cryolite. The metal and its alloys are used for aircraft, cooking utensils, electrical apparatus, and for many other purposes where its light weight is an advantage. Aluminium became implicated as an environmental health hazard in the 1980s on two counts. Biomedical scientists looking for possible causes of Alzheimer's disease, the premature senility indicated by loss of memory and confusion, found a circumstantial link with aluminium. The theory is a controversial one. (Source: UVAROV / WRIGHT) aluminiumgehalte English: aluminium content English definition: Amount of aluminium contained in a solution. (Source: MGH) aluminiumnijverheid English: aluminium industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the mining and processing of aluminum. (Source: ENC) aluminiumtrioxide English: alumina English definition: A natural or synthetic oxide of aluminum widely distributed in nature, often found as a constituent part of clays, feldspars, micas and other minerals, and as a major component of bauxite. (Source: RHW / INP) alveole [longblaasje] English: alveolus English definition: A tiny, thin-walled, capillary-rich sac in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. Also called air sac. (Source: AMHER) amalgaam English: amalgam English definition: A solution of a metal in mercury. (Source: ALL) ambacht English: craft English definition: An occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or skilled artistry. (Source: AMHER) ambachtelijke nijverheid English: handicraft business English definition: The profession, commercial firm or trade involving the production and distribution of articles that are made through the skilled use of one's hands. (Source: RHW) ambtsbezigheid English: official duty Ames-test English: Ames test English definition: A bioassay developed by Bruce N. Ames in 1974, performed on bacteria to assess the capability of environmental chemicals to cause mutations. (Source: BIOTGL / KORENa) amfibieen English: amphibian English definition: A class of vertebrate animals characterized by a moist, glandular skin, gills at some stage of development, and no amnion during the embryonic stage. (Source: MGH) amine English: amine English definition: One of a class of organic compounds which can be considered to be derived from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogens by organic radicals. (Source: MGH) aminozuur English: amino acid English definition: Organic compounds containing a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2). About 30 amino acids are known. They are fundamental constituents of living matter because protein molecules are made up of many amino acid molecules combined together. Amino acids are synthesized by green plants and some bacteria, but some (arginine, histidine, lysine. threonine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophane) cannot be synthesized by animals and therefore are essential constituents of their diet. Proteins from specific plants may lack certain amino acids, so a vegetarian diet must include a wide range of plant products. (Source: ALL) ammoniak English: ammonia English definition: A colorless gaseous alkaline compound that is very soluble in water, has a characteristic pungent odour, is lighter than air, and is formed as a result of the decomposition of most nitrogenous organic material. (Source: MGH) ammonificatie English: ammonification English definition: Addition of ammonia or ammonia compounds, especially to the soil. (Source: MGH) ammonium English: ammonium English definition: The radical NH4+. (Source: MGH) anaerobe behandeling English: anaerobic treatment English definition: Breakdown of organic material without the presence of oxygen, a treatment which permanently removes the unpleasant odour of many organic wastes so that they can be used on agricultural land. (Source: PHC) anaerobe proces English: anaerobic process English definition: A process from which air or oxygen not in chemical combination is excluded. (Source: MGH) anaerobe voorwaarden English: anaerobic condition English definition: A mode of life carried on in the absence of molecular oxygen. (Source: MGH) analyse English: analysis English definition: Examination or determination. (Source: RRDA) analyse van de natuurlijke risico's English: natural risk analysis English definition: Analysis of the probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time in a given area, of a potentially damaging phenomenon of nature. (Source: GUNN) analyse verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant analysis English definition: The determination of the composition of any substance that causes pollution, using classical laboratory techniques and other methods involving analytical chemistry. (Source: APD) analysemethode English: analytical method analyseprogramma English: analysis programme analyseren English: assay English definition: Qualitative or quantitative determination of the components of a material, such as an ore or a drug. (Source: MGH) analytische apparatuur English: analytical equipment English definition: Equipment employed in analytical techniques. (Source: RRDA) analytische scheikunde English: analytical chemistry English definition: The branch of chemistry dealing with techniques which yield any type of information about chemical systems. (Source: MGH) Anatidae English: swans, geese and ducks English definition: A family of waterfowl, including ducks, gees, mergansers, pochards and swans, in the order Anseriformes. (Source: MGH) anatomie English: anatomy English definition: The science concerned with the physical structure of animals and plants. (Source: CED) anion English: anion English definition: An ion that is negatively charged. (Source: MGH) anorganisch afval English: mineral waste English definition: Waste material resulting from ore extraction that is usually left on the soil surface. (Source: GREMES) anorganische chemie English: inorganic chemistry English definition: A branch of chemistry dealing with the chemical reactions and properties of all inorganic matter. (Source: LEE) anorganische conditioneerder English: mineral conditioner English definition: Any naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and usually of crystalline structure, such as rocks, which are used to stabilize soil, improving its resistance to erosion, texture and permeability. (Source: RHW / SOI) anorganische meststof English: inorganic fertiliser English definition: Inorganic chemical which promotes plant growth by enhancing the supply of essential nutrients such as ammonium sulphate or lime. (Source: PORT) anorganische stof English: mineral matter English definition: Inorganic materials having a distinct chemical composition, characteristic crystalline structure, colour, and hardness. (Source: DUNSTE) anorganische stoffen English: inorganic substance English definition: Chemical compounds that do not contain carbon as the principal element (excepting carbonates, cyanides, and cyanates), that is, matter other than plant or animal. (Source: MGH) anorganische vervuiler English: inorganic pollutant English definition: A pollutant of mineral origin and not of basically carbon structure. (Source: ERG) anorganische vervuiling English: mineral pollution English definition: Pollution deriving from all classes of mining operations and having an adverse effect on aquatic life, water supplies and the recreational use of waters. (Source: GILP96a) antagonisme English: antagonism English definition: The situation in which two chemicals upon interaction interfere in such a way that the action of one partially or completely inhibits the effects of the other. (Source: KOREN) antagonistisch effect van giftige stoffen English: antagonistic effect of toxic substances Antarctica English: Antarctica English definition: A continent lying chiefly within the Antarctic Circle and asymmetrically centered on the South Pole: it consists of an ice-covered plateau (some 95 percent of Antarctica is covered by an icecap averaging 1,6 km in thickness), 1800-3000 m above sea level, and mountains ranges rising to 4500 m with some volcanic peaks; average temperatures all below freezing and human settlement is confined to research station. (Source: CED / AMHER) Antarctisch ecosysteem English: Antarctic ecosystem Antarctisch gebied English: Antarctic region English definition: An area within the Antarctic Circle that includes the fifth largest continent and its surrounding waters, consisting mostly of thick ice shelves. (Source: INP / CIA) Antarctische Oceaan English: Antarctic Ocean English definition: The waters, including ice shelves, that surround the continent of Antarctica, which comprise the southernmost parts of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, and also the Ross, Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Weddell seas. (Source: RHW / CIA) anthropologisch reservaat English: anthropologic reserve English definition: Area of protection of the life style of societies where traditional human activities are still maintained and the exploitation of natural resources is still carried out without compromising the future availability. (Source: RRDA) antibiotica English: antibiotic English definition: A chemical substance, produced by microorganisms and synthetically, that has the capacity to inhibit the growth of, and even to destroy, bacteria and other microorganisms. (Source: MGH) anti-blokkeringsmiddel English: antifouling agent English definition: Agent that inhibits the growth of barnacles and other marine organisms on a ship's bottom (an antifouling paint or other coating). Organo-tin compounds have been the most often used agents in this application since they are effective against both soft and hard fouling organisms. However, in spite of their performance, they have a negative impact on the marine environment and their long half life in the environment, has prompted marine paint manufacturers to look for a nonpersistent alternative. (Source: CED / OLIN) anticorrosiemiddel English: corrosion inhibitor English definition: A chemical agent which slows down or prohibits a corrosion reaction. (Source: LEE) antilichaam English: antibody English definition: A complex protein that is produced in response to the introduction of a specific antigen into an animal. Antibodies belong to a class of proteins called immunoglobins, which are formed by plasma cells in the blood as a defence mechanism against invasion by parasites, notably bacteria and viruses, either by killing them or rendering them harmless. (Source: ALL2) antiseismische regelgeving English: antiseismic regulation English definition: Rules for minimizing or containing the risks deriving from earthquakes. (Source: MANCOS) anti-vervuilingsaanmoediging English: antipollution incentive English definition: Financial reward or penalty used to incite action towards greater responsibility in reducing the presence of pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health or natural resources. (Source: ODE / TOE) anti-vervuilingsvergoeding English: antipollution premium English definition: A prize or bonus given as an inducement or reward for efforts to reduce the presence of pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health or natural resources. (Source: ISEP / OED / TOE) antropische activiteit English: anthropic activity English definition: Action resulting from or influenced by human activity or intervention. (Source: GRAHAW) antropogene factor English: anthropogenic factor apotheekafval English: pharmaceutical waste English definition: Discarded medicinal drugs and related products from pharmacies, hospitals, clinics, pharmaceutical manufacturers, etc. (Source: APD / EPW) aquaduct English: aqueduct English definition: A channel for supplying water; often underground, but treated architecturally on high arches when crossing valleys or low ground. (Source: HARRIS) arbeid English: labour English definition: One of the factors of production. It includes all the exertions - manual, physical or mental - by individuals, directed towards the production of wealth. (Source: GOOD) arbeidsmarkt English: labour market arbeidsomstandigheden English: working condition English definition: All existing circumstances affecting labor in the workplace, including job hours, physical aspects, legal rights and responsibilities. (Source: CIV) arbeidsrecht English: labour law English definition: The branch of the legal system which lays down the rules governing employment relationships, trade union relations, and state intervention to provide protection against particular situations of need for citizens who are workers. (Source: NECTAR) arbeidsveiligheid English: plant health care arbeidsverhouding English: labour relations English definition: The dynamics or general state of the association between management and non-management employees in an enterprise, industry or nation, with special attention to the maintenance of agreements, collective bargaining and the status of unions. (Source: RHW) arboretum English: arboretum English definition: Collection of trees from different parts of the world, grown for scientific study. (Source: PHC) archeologie English: archaeology English definition: The scientific study of the material remains of the cultures of historical or prehistorical peoples. (Source: MGH) archeologische vindplaats English: archaeological site English definition: Any location containing significant relics and artifacts of past culture. (Source: LANDY) architectuur English: architecture English definition: The art and science of designing and building structures, or large groups of structures, in keeping with aesthetic and functional criteria. (Source: HARRIS) Arctisch ecosysteem English: Arctic ecosystem Arctisch gebied English: Arctic region English definition: The northernmost area of the earth, centered on the North Pole, that includes the Arctic Ocean, the northern reaches of Canada, Alaska, Russia, Norway and most of Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. (Source: INP) Arctische Oceaan English: Arctic Ocean English definition: The smallest and most poorly studied of the oceans on earth. It covers an area of 14 million square km that is divided by three submarine ridges, i.e. the Alpha Ridge, the Lomonosov Ridge, and an extension of the mid-Atlantic ridge. It is also nearly landlocked, coveredyear-round by pack ice, and the third of its area is continental shelf. (Source: OCEAN) armoede English: poverty English definition: State in which the individual lacks the resources necessary for subsistence. aromatische koolwaterstoffen English: aromatic hydrocarbon English definition: Hydrocarbons having an unsaturated ring containing alternating double and single bonds, especially containing a benzene ring. (Source: CED) aromatische verbindingen English: aromatic compound English definition: Compounds characterized by the presence of at least one benzene ring. (Source: MGH) arseen English: arsenic English definition: A toxic metalloid element, existing in several allotropic forms, that occurs principally in realgar and orpiment and as the free element. It is used in transistors, lead-based alloys, and high temperature brasses. (Source: CED) Articulata English: Articulata English definition: Animals characterized by the repetition of similar segments (metameres), exhibited especially by arthropods, annelids, and vertebrates in early embryonic stages and in certain specialized adult structures. (Source: MGH) arts English: doctor English definition: A person licensed to practise medicine. (Source: CED) as English: ash English definition: The incombustible matter remaining after a substance has been incinerated. (Source: MGH) asbest English: asbestos English definition: Generic name for a group of fibrous mineral silicates. It includes blue asbestos (crocidolite), white asbestos (chrysotile) and brown asbestos (amosite). After they are mined the asbestos fibres are separated from the rock and are spun into a cloth. When inhaled the fibres penetrate the lungs and the tissues of the bronchial tubes, resulting in asbestosis, a crippling lung disease. Asbestos also causes cancer of the lung and the gastro-intestinal tract, and mesothelioma, a malignant cancer of the inner lining of the chest. However, because it is a poor conductor of electricity and highly resistant to heat it has been widely used over the years in fire-fighting suits, and building and insulating materials. The fibrous form of several silicate minerals, at one time widely used for electrical and thermal insulation; the use of all forms of asbestos is now either banned or strictly controlled in many countries since it causes cancer. (Source: WRIGHT / ALL) asbestcement English: asbestos cement English definition: A hardened mixture of asbestos fibers, Portland cement and water used in relatively thin slabs for shingles, wallboard and siding. (Source: WEBSTE) asbestose English: asbestosis English definition: A non-malignant progressive, irreversible, lung disease, characterized by diffuse fibrosis, resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers. (Source: CONFER) ASEAN English: ASEAN English definition: Association of Southeast Asian Nations. (Source: MIIS) assimilatie English: assimilation English definition: Conversion of nutritive material to living tissue. (Source: KOREN) associatie English: association English definition: A body of persons associated for the regulation of a common economic activity by means of a special organization. (Source: SHOOX / ZINZAN) astronomie English: astronomy English definition: The science concerned with celestial bodies and the observation and interpretation of the radiation received in the vicinity of the earth from the component parts of the universe. (Source: MGH) atlas English: atlas English definition: A bound collection of maps or charts, plates, engravings or tables illustrating any subject. (Source: CCL / RHW) atmosfeer English: atmosphere English definition: The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth in a several kilometers-thick layer. (Source: UVAROVa) atmosfeer (lucht,klimaat) English: atmosphere (air, climate) atmosferisch model English: atmospheric model English definition: A simulation, pattern or plan designed to demonstrate the structure or workings of the atmosphere surrounding any object, including the Earth. (Source: APD) atmosferische aerosol English: atmospheric aerosol English definition: Particulate matter suspended in the air. The particulate matter may be in the form of dusts, fumes, or mist. Aerosols in the atmosphere are the form in which pollutants such as smoke are dispersed. (Source: LANDY / PHC) atmosferische correctie English: atmospheric correction English definition: The removal from the remotely sensed data of the atmospheric effects caused by the scattering and absorption of sunlight by particles; the removal of these effects improves not only the quality of the observed earth surface imaging but also the accuracy of classification of the ground objects. (Source: YOUNG) atmosferische deeltje English: atmospheric particulate English definition: A concentration of fine liquid or solid particles, such as dust, smoke, mist, fumes or smog, found in the atmosphere. (Source: TOE) atmosferische inversie English: atmospheric inversion English definition: A temperature inversion in the atmosphere in which the temperature, instead of falling, increases with height above the ground. With the colder and heavier air below, there is no tendency to form upward currents and turbulence is suppressed. Inversions are often formed in the late afternoon when the radiation emitted from the ground exceeds that received from the sinking sun. Inversions are also caused by katabatic winds, that is cold winds flowing down the hillside into a valley, and by anticyclones. In inversion layers, both vertical and horizontal diffusion is inhibited and pollutants become trapped, sometimes for long periods. Low-level discharges of pollutants are more readily trapped by inversions than high level dischargers, hence the case for high stacks. Furthermore, high level discharges into an inversion tend to remain at a high level because of the absence of vertical mixing. (Source: GILP96) atmosferische metingen English: atmospheric monitoring English definition: A practice of continuous atmospheric sampling by various levels of government or particular industries. (Source: MGH) atmosferische natuurkunde English: atmospheric physics English definition: The study of the physical phenomena of the atmosphere. (Source: MGH) atmosferische ozon English: atmospheric ozone English definition: A triatomic molecule of oxygen; a natural constituent of the atmosphere, with the highest concentrations in the ozone layer or stratosphere; it is found at a level between 15 and 30 km above the Earth, which prevents harmful ultraviolet B radiation, which causes skin cancer and threatens plant life, from reaching the ground. The fragile shield is being damaged by chemicals released on Earth. The main chemicals that are depleting stratospheric ozone are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are used in refrigerators, aerosols and as cleaners in many industries and halons, which are used in fire extinguishers. The damage is caused when these chemicals release highly reactive forms of chlorine and bromine. (Source: GILP96 / WRIGHT) atmosferische radioactieve neerslag English: atmospheric fallout English definition: The sedimentation of dust or fine particles from the atmosphere. (Source: LEE) atmosferische scheikunde English: atmospheric chemistry English definition: The study of the production, transport, modification, and removal of atmospheric constituents in the troposphere and stratosphere. (Source: MGH) atmosferische uitstoot English: atmospheric emission English definition: Suspended pollutants -- solid particles, liquid aerosols, etc. -- or toxic gases released into the atmosphere from a polluting source, or type of source. (Source: ISEP) atmosferische vochtigheid English: atmospheric humidity English definition: A measurable quantity of the moisture content found in the earth's atmosphere. (Source: RHW) atmosferische wetenschappen English: atmospheric science English definition: The atmospheric sciences study the dynamics, physics and chemistry of atmospheric phenomena and processes, including the interactions of the atmosphere with soil physics, hydrology and oceanic circulation. The research focuses on the following areas: turbulence and convection, atmospheric radiation and remote sensing, aerosol and cloud physics and chemistry, planetary atmospheres, air-sea interactions, climate, and statistical meteorology. (Source: ATS) atrazine English: atrazine English definition: Herbicide belonging to the triazine group, widely employed and particularly in maize crops. It is highly toxic for phytoplancton and freshwater algae and, being highly soluble in water, it easily contaminates aquifers. (Source: RAMADE) audiovisueel materiaal English: audiovisual equipment English definition: Equipment designed to aid in learning and teaching by making use of both hearing and sight. (Source: WEBSTE) audiovisuele media English: audiovisual media English definition: Any means of communication transmitted to both the sense of hearing and the sense of sight, especially technologies directed to large audiences. (Source: RHW) audiovisuele voordracht English: audio-visual presentation English definition: An exhibition, performance, demonstration or lecture utilizing communication media directed at both the sense of sight and the sense of hearing. (Source: RHW) autoband English: car tyre English definition: A rubber ring placed over the rim of a wheel of a road vehicle to provide traction and reduce road shocks, especially a hollow inflated ring consisting of a reinforced outer casing enclosing an inner tube. (Source: CED) autobus English: bus English definition: A large, long-bodied motor vehicle equipped with seating for passengers, usually operating as part of a scheduled service. autoclaaf English: digester English definition: Machine which takes refuse and produces gas such as methane from it. (Source: PHC) auto-ecologie English: autoecology English definition: That part of ecology which deals with individual species and their reactions to environmental factors. (Source: UNUN) autoindustrie English: vehicle manufacturing industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and sale of equipment that conveys people, goods or materials by land, air or water. (Source: SIC) auto-industrie English: automobile industry automatische herkenning English: automatic detection English definition: The processing, discovery and identification of data elements by automated means. (Source: RHW) autoweg English: motorway English definition: A wide road built for fast moving traffic travelling long distances, with a limited number of points at which drivers can enter and leave it. (Source: CAMB) autowrak English: scrap vehicle English definition: Car which is delivered for breaking up or otherwise discarded. avicultuur English: aviculture English definition: The raising, keeping, and care of birds. (Source: AMHER) avifauna English: avifauna English definition: All the birds in a particular region. (Source: CED) Azie English: Asia English definition: The world's largest continent. It occupies the eastern part of the Eurasian landmass and its adjacent islands and is separated from Europe by the Ural Mountains. Asia borders on the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean and Red Seas in the west. It includes the largest peninsulas of Asia Minor, India, Arabia, and Indochina and the island groups of Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Ceylon; contains the mountain ranges of the Hindu Kush, Himalayas, Pamirs, Tian Shan, Urals, and Caucasus, the great plateaus of India, Iran and Tibet, vast plains and deserts, and the valleys of many large rivers including the Mekong, Irrawaddy, Indus, Ganges, Tigris and Euphrates. (Source: AMHER / CED) baai English: bay English definition: An open, curving indentation made by the sea or a lake into a coastline. (Source: WHIT) baai English: gulf English definition: An inlet of the sea of large areal proportions, more indented than a bay and generally more enclosed. (Source: WHIT) bactericide English: bactericide English definition: An agent that destroys bacteria. (Source: LBC) bacterien English: bacterium English definition: Group of single-cell micro-organisms, the smallest of the living organisms. Some are vital to sustain life, while others are responsible for causing highly dangerous human diseases, such as anthrax, tetanus and tuberculosis. Bacteria are found everywhere, in the soil, water and air. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT) bacteriologie English: bacteriology English definition: The science and study of bacteria. (Source: MGH) bacteriologische verontreiniging English: bacteriological pollution English definition: Contamination of water, soil and air with pathogen bacteria. (Source: RRDA) badplaats (aan zee) English: seaside resort English definition: A place near the sea where people spend their holidays and enjoy themselves. (Source: CAMB) baggeren English: dredging English definition: Removing solid matter from the bottom of a water area. (Source: MGH) baggermateriaal English: dredged material English definition: Unconsolidated material removed from rivers, streams, and shallow seas with machines such as the bucket-ladder dredge, dragline dredge, or suction dredge. bakoven English: oven English definition: An enclosed heated compartment usually lined with a refractory material used for drying substances, firing ceramics, heat-treating, etc. (Source: CED) baksteen English: brick English definition: A building material usually made from clay, molded as a rectangular block, and baked or burned in a kiln. (Source: MGH) balans [economisch] English: balance (economic) English definition: An equality between the sums total of the two sides of an account, or the excess on either side. (Source: WESTS) band English: tyre English definition: A rubber ring placed over the rim of a wheel of a road vehicle to provide traction and reduce road shocks. (Source: CED) bank English: bank (land) English definition: The sloping side of any hollow in the ground, especially when bordering a river. (Source: CED) bankbescherming English: bank protection English definition: Engineering work which aims at the protection of banks of a river, or slopes of embankments along it, from erosion by the current of flow, from floods, etc. (Source: ECHO1a) bankwezen [geld] English: banking English definition: Transactional business between any bank, an institution for safeguarding, exchanging, receiving and lending money, and that bank's clients or customers. (Source: OED / RHW) barium English: barium English definition: A soft silvery-white metallic element of the alkaline earth group. It is used in bearing alloys and compounds are used as pigments. (Source: CED) barriererif English: barrier reef English definition: An elongated accumulation of coral lying at low-tide level parallel to the coast but separated from it by a wide and deep lagoon or strait. The coral is thought to have formed initially on a flat surface: then as the sea-level rose in post-glacial times, thereby submerging the irregular wave-cut platform, the coral growth kept pace with the rising ocean level, so creating the great thickness witnessed today in such places as the Great Barrier Reef off the East coast of Queensland, Australia. This stretches for more than 1900 km and varies in width from about 30 km to 150 km. (Source: WHIT) base [chemische stof] English: base (chemical) English definition: Any chemical species, ionic or molecular, capable of accepting or receiving a proton (hydrogen ion) from another substance; the other substance acts as an acid in giving of the proton; the other ion is a base. (Source: MGH) basiciteit English: basicity English definition: The state of a solution of containing an excess of hydroxyl ions. (Source: RRDA) basidiomycete English: basidiomycete basisbeginsel English: subsidiary principle English definition: The fundamental doctrine or tenet that policy making decisions should be made at the most decentralized level, in which a centralized governing body would not take action unless it it is more effective than action taken at a lower government level. (Source: ODE) basisbehoefte aan voedsel English: basic food requirement English definition: The minimum nutriments deemed necessary for a person of a particular age, gender, physiological condition and activity level to sustain life, health and growth. (Source: PAJ) basisvoeding English: staple food English definition: The most commonly or regularly eaten food in a country or community and which forms the mainstay of the total calorie supply, especially in the poorer populations and at times of food shortage. (Source: GUNN) batterij English: battery English definition: A series of cells, each containing the essentials for producing voltaic electricity, connected together. (Source: CEDa) batterijverwerking English: battery disposal bebouwde kom English: built-up area English definition: Area which is full of houses, shops, offices and other buildings, with very little open space. (Source: PHC) bebouwde omgeving English: built environment English definition: That part of the physical surroundings which are people-made or people-organized, such as buildings and other major structures, roads, bridges and the like, down to lesser objects such as traffic lights, telephone and pillar boxes. (Source: GOOD) bedektbloemige planten English: cryptogam English definition: A large group of plants, comprising the Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta, the last of which are cryptogams. (Source: ALL) bedektzadigen English: angiosperm English definition: The class of seed plants that includes all the flowering plants, characterized by the possession of flowers. The ovules, which become seeds after fertilization, are enclosed in ovaries. The xylem contains true vessels. The angiospermae are divided into two subclasses: Monocotyledoneae and Dycotiledoneae. (Source: ALL) bederfwerend middel English: preservative English definition: A chemical added to foodstuffs to prevent oxidation, fermentation or other deterioration, usually by inhibiting the growth of bacteria. (Source: MGH) bedreigde diersoorten English: endangered animal species English definition: Animals, birds, fish or other living organisms threatened with extinction by natural or human-induced changes in their environment. (Source: TOE) bedreigde plantensoorten English: endangered plant species English definition: The plants threatened with extinction by human or natural changes in the environment. (Source: KOREN) bedreigde soorten English: category of endangered species English definition: Those of the planet's flora and fauna which are threatened with extinction. Hunting and poaching to fuel the trade in ivory, horn, skins, fur and feathers have long been a threat to already endangered species. Pollution, agricultural expansion, loss of wetlands, deforestation and other erosion of habitats have been added to the hazards. Human activity was responsible for most of the animals and plants known to have been lost in the past two centuries. (Source: WRIGHT) bedreigde soorten English: endangered species (IUCN) English definition: One of the three degrees of 'rarity' drawn up by the International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources. All plants and animals in these categories need special protection. Endangered species are those species in danger of extinction unless steps are taken to change the cause of threat and decline. (Source: BRACK) bedreiging van water English: water endangering English definition: Can be caused by a variety of means, e.g. farm pollution from animal wastes and silage liquor (liquors from green leaf cattle food which has had molasses added to promote fermentation and preservation; they are highly polluting and can be a seasonal cause of fish deaths in small streams), leachate from landfill sites, and spoil heaps, solvent discharge to sewers or to land and inadequate sewage treatment works. (Source: PORT) bedrijfsclassificatie English: business classification English definition: The categorization of enterprises or organizations involved in an economy. (Source: ISEP) bedrijfseconomie English: business economics English definition: The art of purchasing and selling goods from an economics perspective or a perspective involving the scientific study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. (Source: RHW) bedrijfsgeneeskunde English: occupational medicine English definition: The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment. (Source: MGH) bedrijfsgezondheid English: occupational health English definition: An area of statutory duty imposed on employers and employees in most countries, for the protection of the workforce from occupational diseases and stresses and physical hazards through adequate planning, ventilation, lighting, safeguards, safety and emergency procedures, routine inspections, monitoring, personal protection, etc. (Source: GILP96) bedrijfsgezondheidszorg English: occupational health care bedrijfsgrootte English: size of business bedrijfslawaai English: commercial noise English definition: Noise emitted from commercial activities. bedrijfsongeluk English: work accident English definition: Accident occurring in the course of the employment and caused by inherent or related factors arising from the operation of materials of one's occupation. (Source: KOREN) bedrijfsorganisatie English: business organisation English definition: A particular legal arrangement for owning a firm, the principal forms are sale trades, partnerships and companies/corporations; collective term for the system, function, process of planning, providing, coordinating, directing all efforts and resources in a business in order to achieve its goals. bedrijfstak English: branch of activity English definition: A specialized division of a business or other organization. (Source: RRDA) bedrijfstak English: craft industry bedrijfsveiligheid English: occupational safety English definition: An area of statutory duty imposed on employers and employees in most countries, for the protection of the workforce from occupational disease and stresses and physical hazards through appropriate measures. (Source: GILP96) bedrijfsveiligheidsvoorschrift English: occupational safety regulation English definition: Law enacted to reduce the incidence among workers of personal injuries, illnesses, and deaths resulting from employment. (Source: BLACKa) bedrijfsvoertuig English: commercial vehicle English definition: Vehicle designed and equipped for the transportation of goods. (Source: RRDA) bedwinging (kernindustrie) English: containment (nuclear industry) English definition: The reinforced steel or concrete vessel that encloses a nuclear reactor. It is designed to withstand minor explosions in the core, to keep radionuclides from escaping into the environment, and to be safe against terrorist attack. (Source: WRIGHT) beeindiging van een dienstverband English: termination of employment English definition: The act or instrument by which the binding force of a contract is terminated, irrespective of whether the contract is carried out to the full extent contemplated or is broken off before complete execution. (Source: WESTS) beek English: brook English definition: A small stream or rivulet, commonly swiftly flowing in rugged terrain, of lesser length and volume than a creek; especially a stream that issues directly from the ground, as from a spring or seep, or that is produced by heavy rainfall or melting snow. (Source: BJGEO) beeldclassificatie English: image classification English definition: Processing techniques which apply quantitative methods to the values in a digital yield or remotely sensed scene to group pixels with similar digital number values into feature classes or categories. (Source: DYNAMO) beeldclassificatie onder toezicht English: supervised image classification English definition: A graphical representation processing technique by which an analyst selects groups of pixels, determines their spectral response signature and trains a computer system to recognize pixels based on this spectral response pattern. (Source: TWS) beeldclassificatie zonder toezicht English: unsupervised image classification English definition: Unsupervised classification is a kind of classification which takes place with minimum input from the operator; no training sample is available and subdivision of the feature space is achieved by identifying natural groupings of the measurement vectors. (Source: GEOG / YOUNG) beeldopslag English: image registration English definition: The process of linking map coordinates to control points with known earth-surface coordinates. Related term: coordinate systems. (Source: FORUMT) beeldpunt English: pixel English definition: A contraction of the words 'picture element'. The smallest unit of information in an image or raster map. Referred to as a resolution cell in an image or grid. (Source: JEFF) beeldversterking English: image enhancement English definition: In remote sensing, the filtering of data and other processes to manipulate pixels to produce an image that accentuates features of interest or visual interpretation. (Source: DUNSTE) beeldverwerking English: image processing English definition: The process of converting 'raw' remotely sensed data into a usable form through the application of various transformations such as supervised and unsupervised classification schemes. (Source: FORUMT) beglazen English: glaze English definition: A coating of ice, generally clear and smooth but usually containing some air pockets, formed on exposed objects by the freezing of a film of supercooled water deposited by rain, drizzle, or fog, or possibly condensed from supercooled water vapour. (Source: MGH) begrazing English: grazing English definition: The vegetation on pastures that is available for livestock to feed upon. (Source: CED) begroting English: budget English definition: A balance sheet or statement of estimated receipts and expenditures. A plan for the coordination of resource and expenditures. The amount of money that is available for, required for, or assigned to a particular purpose. (Source: WESTS) begrotingsbeleid English: budget policy English definition: The programmatic use of a government's spending and revenue-generating activities to influence the economy and achieve specific objectives. (Source: MGHME) behandeling van gassen English: treatment of gases English definition: Gas is treated before it can be supplied to the marketplace. The extent to which gas needs to be processed will depend on its quality, the amount of associated impurities such as water, carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds, and the ultimate end-use for the gas. Common gaseous impurities found in natural gas are carbon dioxide and sulphur compounds. Both have an acidic reaction and are given the generic name 'acid gases'. These gases can be removed by a number of commercial processes, using either a physical or a chemical solvent. Physical solvent processes tend to be used where gas pressures are high and for gases with lower levels of propane and heavier hydrocarbons. (Source: SHELL) beheer English: management English definition: Government, control, superintendence, physical or manual handling or guidance; act of managing by direction or regulation, or administration, as management of family, or of household, etc. (Source: BLACK) beheer van (menselijke) vestigingen English: human settlement management beheer van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen English: resources management English definition: A conscious process of decision-making whereby natural and cultural resources are allocated over time and space to optimize the attainment of stated objectives of a society, within the framework of its technology, political and social institutions, and legal and administrative arrangements. An important objective is the conservation of resources, implying a close and integrated relationship between the ecological basis and the socio-economic system. (Source: GOOD) beheer van aandelenkapitaal English: stock management English definition: The handling or controlling of accumulated materials or stored goods. (Source: ISEP / RHW) beheer van de waterbronnen English: water resources management English definition: Measures and activities concerning the supply of water, the improvement of efficiency in its use, the reduction of losses and waste, water-saving practices to reduce costs and to slow the depletion of the water supply to ensure future water availability. (Source: EARTH1a) beheer van de waterhoeveelheid English: water quantity management English definition: The administration or handling of the amount of available potable water. (Source: RHW) beheer van een afwateringsgebied English: watershed management English definition: Use, regulation and treatment of water and land resources of a watershed to accomplish stated objectives. (Source: LANDY) beheer van toeristische activiteiten English: touristic activity management English definition: The administration, promotion, organization and planning for the business or industry of providing information, transportation, entertainment, accommodations and other services to travelers or visitors. (Source: RHW) beheersing van de woestijnvorming English: desertification control English definition: Remedial and preventive actions adopted against desertification include irrigation, planting of trees and grasses, the erection of fences to secure sand dunes, and a careful management of water resources. (Source: WRIGHT) beheersing van het verkeerslawaai English: traffic noise control English definition: Traffic noise can be controlled by reduction at source, by fitting motor vehicles with silencers, by installing barriers which interrupt the direct path of sound or by insulating dwellings exposed to high noise levels, such as those related to motorways or airports. (Source: GRAHAWa) beheersing van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution control English definition: Chemical and physical methods to lessen discharges of most pollutants; for carbon dioxide there is, at present, no economic or practical way to reduce the quantities discharged except by reduced fossil fuel usage. Most specific means for removing pollutants from emissions include flue-gas desulphurisation, fluidised combustion, catalytic converters and the redesign of equipment, such as furnace burners and car engines, to lessen the production of pollutants. (Source: BRACK) beheersingsmaatregel English: control measure beheersplan English: management plan English definition: A program of action designed to reach a given set of objectives. (Source: LANDY) beheerste verbranding English: controlled burning English definition: The planned use of carefully controlled fire to accomplish predetermined management goals. The burn is set under a combination of weather, fuel moisture, soil moisture, and fuel arrangement conditions that allow the management objectives to be attained, and yet confine the fire to the planned area. (Source: DUNSTE) beheerstechniek English: management technique English definition: systematic approach or method of performance for the accomplishment of administrative goals or tasks. (Source: RHW) behoefte English: need English definition: The fact or an instance of feeling the lack of something. (Source: CED) behoorlijk bestuur English: good management English definition: The competent, skillful and successful process of planning, leading and working toward the accomplishment or completion of goals, objectives and mission of an organization or institution. (Source: DAM) behoud English: conservation behoud van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen English: resource conservation English definition: Reduction of overall resource consumption and utilization of recovered resources in order to avoid waste. (Source: KOREN) behoud van in het wild levende planten en dieren English: wildlife conservation English definition: A series of measures required to maintain or restore the natural habitats and the populations of species of wild fauna and flora at a favourable status. (Source: ECHO1) behoud van natuurlijke hulpbronnen English: natural resource conservation English definition: The management of living and non-living resources in such a way as to sustain the maximum benefit for present and future generations. (Source: GILP96) bejaarde English: elderly person English definition: Someone who has reached the later stage of life or who has attained a specified age within that stage. (Source: RHW) bekendmaking English: notice English definition: Factual information, advice or a written warning communicated to a person by an authorized source, often conveyed because of a legal or administrative rule requiring transmission of such information to all concerned parties. (Source: BLD) bekendmaking van algemeen nut English: declaration of public utility English definition: Administrative Act giving the right to take private property for public use. (Source: BLACKa) bekledingsmateriaal English: liner material English definition: A layer of synthetic or natural materials, on the sides of or beneath a landfill, landfill cell or surface impoundment, that restricts the downward or lateral escape of liquids carrying leachate into the surrounding environment. (Source: ERG / ISEP) bekrachtiging English: homologation English definition: The approval given by the judge of certain acts and agreements for the purpose of rendering them more binding and executory. (Source: WESTS) belang English: interest English definition: A sum paid or charged for the use of money or for borrowing money over a given time period. (Source: RHW) belangenafweging English: balancing of interests English definition: Considering, weighing or counterbalancing the competing political or financial concerns of different parts of society, including industries, consumers, trade unions and other groups or organizations. (Source: OED / ISEP) belangenconflict English: conflict of interests English definition: Clash between public interest and the private pecuniary interest of the individual concerned. A situation in which regard for one duty tends to lead to disregard of another. (Source: BLACK) belangengroep English: interest group English definition: A group of people who share common traits, attitudes, beliefs or objectives and who have formed a formal organization to serve specific concerns of the membership. (Source: AUB) belangengroep English: pressure group English definition: Any politically active group with a common set of values about resource use allocation. Pressure groups seek to influence decisions on resource use allocation in excess of their proportional representation in the planned-for populace by seeking preferential consideration for their resource use choices. (Source: LANDY) belangrijk bestanddeel van het ecosysteem English: valued ecosystem component English definition: An appraised, evaluated or estimated element or ingredient of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings. (Source: TOE) belasting English: tax English definition: An amount of money demanded by a government for its support or for specific facilities or services, most frequently levied upon income, property or sales. (Source: RHW) belasting (heffen op) English: taxation English definition: The act or result of a government requiring money for its support or for specific facilities or services. (Source: RHW) belastingbeleid English: taxation policy English definition: The use of government tax and spendingpolicies to achieve desired macroeconomic goals. Accordingly, they involve discretionary efforts to adjust governmental tax and spending to induce changes in economic incentives and, hence, to stabilize fluctuations in aggregate demand. (Source: INDEDU) belastingstelsel English: tax system English definition: A co-ordinated body of methods or plan of procedures for levying compulsory charges for the purpose of raising revenue. (Source: ISEP / EFP) belastingwet English: tax law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government stipulating the sum of money and manner of collection it demands for governmental support, facilities and services, usually levied upon income, property, sales or other financial resources. (Source: RHW / BLD) beleid English: policy beleid inzake natuurbehoud English: nature conservation policy beleid van de plaatselijke overheid English: local government policy English definition: Any course of action adopted and pursued by a ruling political authority or system, which determines the affairs for a city, town, county or regional area. (Source: RHW) beleid voor radio-actief afval English: radioactive waste management English definition: The total supervision of the production, handling, processing, storage and transport of materials that contain radioactive nuclides and for which use, reuse or recovery are impractical. (Source: EIS / HMH) beleid waarbij men wordt verplicht overschrijdingen van uitstootmaxima elders te compenseren English: offset policy (emissions trading) English definition: Policy whereby emissions from a proposed new or modified stationary source are balanced by reductions from existing sources to stabilise total emissions. (Source: EPAGLO) beleidsinstrumenten English: policy instrument English definition: The method or mechanism used by government, political parties, business or individuals to achieve a desired effect, through legal or economic means. (Source: RHW) beleidsintegratie English: policy integration English definition: The process of coordinating, harmonizing and unifying the goals and procedures of various offices or units of an organization. (Source: RHW) beleidsplanning English: policy planning English definition: The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate any course of action that may be adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization. (Source: RHW) beleidsregel English: policy guideline beluchting English: aeration English definition: Exposition to the action of air. (Source: MGH) bemonstering milieuverontreiniging English: pollution monitoring English definition: The quantitative or qualitative measure of the presence, effect or level of any polluting substance in air, water or soil. (Source: GILP96) benadering English: approach English definition: The way or means of entry or access. (Source: CEDa) benzeen English: benzene English definition: A colorless, liquid, flammable, aromatic hydrocarbon used to manufacture styrene and phenol. Also known as benzol. (Source: MGH) benzine English: petrol English definition: A fuel for internal combustion engines consisting essentially of volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbons; derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, catalytic cracking, and alkilation. (Source: MGH) benzinemotor English: gasoline engine English definition: An internal combustion engine that uses a mixture of air and gasoline vapour as a fuel. (Source: MGH) benzopyreen English: benzopyrene English definition: A five-ring aromatic hydrocarbon found in coal tar, in cigarette smoke, and as a product of incomplete combustion. (Source: MGH) beoordeling per sector English: sectoral assessment bepaling van natuurlijk erfgoed English: natural heritage assessment English definition: Evaluation of the natural structures, resources and landscapes to ensure their careful management and preservation. (Source: GILP96a) bepaling van vervuilende stoffen English: identification of pollutants English definition: The determination of the specific substance or substances that are causing pollution. (Source: RHW) bepalingsmethode English: determination method English definition: Method employed in the assessment or in the evaluation of a quantity, a quality, a fact, an event, etc. (Source: ZINZANa) bereidheid tot betalen English: willingness-to-pay berekening English: calculation English definition: The act, process or result of calculating. (Source: CED) berekeningsmethode English: calculation method berg English: mountain English definition: A feature of the earth's surface that rises high above the base and has generally steep slopes and a relatively small summit area. Mountains are an important source of water, energy, minerals, forest and agricultural products, and recreation. They are storehouses of biological diversity and endangered species and an essential part of the global ecosystem. About 10% of the world's population depend on mountain resources and nearly half of these people are affected by the degradation of mountain watershed areas. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT) bergbeheer English: mountain management bergbescherming English: mountain protection bergbos English: mountain forest English definition: An extensive area of woodland that is found at natural elevations usually higher than 2000 feet. (Source: RHW) berggebied English: mountainous area English definition: Area characterized by conspicuous peaks, ridges, or mountain ranges. (Source: BJGEO) berghut English: mountain refuge English definition: Any shelter or protection from distress or danger located in a predominantly mountainous area. (Source: RHW) berging English: salvage English definition: The act, process, or business of rescuing vessels or their cargoes from loss at sea. (Source: CED) bergketen English: mountain range English definition: A single, large mass consisting of a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, with or without peaks, closely related in position, direction, formation, and age. (Source: BJGEO) bergklimaat English: mountain climate English definition: Very generally, the climate of relatively high elevations; mountain climates are distinguished by the departure of their characteristics from those of surrounding lowlands, and the one common basis for this distinction is that of atmospheric rarefaction; aside from this, great variety is introduced by differences in latitude, elevation, and exposure to the sun; thus, there exists no single, clearly defined, mountain climate. Also known as highland climate. (Source: MGH) bergsport English: mountaineering beroep English: appeal English definition: Resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court or administrative agency. (Source: BLACK) beroep English: occupation beroep in de gezondheidszorg English: health care profession beroepsbevolking English: labour force beroepsgroenteteelt English: market gardening English definition: The business of growing fruit and vegetables on a commercial scale. (Source: CED) beroepsgroep English: occupational group English definition: A collection of people who earn their living by similar or identical means of work. (Source: RHW) beroepsleven English: professional society English definition: A group of persons engaged in the same profession, business, trade or craft that is organized or formally structured to attain common ends. (Source: RHW) beroepsopleiding English: vocational training English definition: A special training for a regular occupation or profession, especially, one for which one is specially suited or qualified. beroepsprocedure English: appeal procedure English definition: Procedure through which it is possible to resort to a superior court to review the decision of an inferior court. (Source: BLACKa) beroepsstatus English: occupational status beroepsvisserij English: commercial fishery English definition: Such fisheries belong to one of two groups: one catching demersal (bottom-living) fish, e.g. cod, haddock, plaice, sole; the other catching pelagic (surface-living) fish, e.g. anchovy, tuna, herring. (Source: GOOD) beroepsziekte English: occupational disease English definition: A functional or organic disease caused by factors arising from the operations or materials of an individual's industry, trade, or occupation. (Source: MGH) beryllium English: beryllium English definition: A corrosion-resistant, toxic silvery-white metallic element that occurs chiefly in beryl and is used mainly in x-ray windows and in the manufacture of alloys. (Source: CED) beschaving English: culture (society) English definition: The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits constituting a distinct complex of tradition of a racial or social group. (Source: WEBSTE) beschermd estuarium English: estuarine conservation area English definition: Estuarine area which has been reserved by legislation to protect part or all of the enclosed environment for conservation, scientific, educational and/or recreational purposes. (Source: ENVAUa) beschermd gebied English: protected area English definition: Portions of land protected by special restrictions and laws for the conservation of the natural environment. They include large tracts of land set aside for the protection of wildlife and its habitat; areas of great natural beauty or unique interest; areas containing rare forms of plant and animal life; areas representing unusual geologic formation; places of historic and prehistoric interest; areas containing ecosystems of special importance for scientific investigation and study; and areas which safeguard the needs of the biosphere. (Source: DODERO / WPR) beschermd landschap English: landscape protection area English definition: Area where landscape is protected for its particular features in order to maintain its role in contributing to the wider enjoyment of the countryside. (Source: RRDA) beschermd landschap English: protected landscape English definition: Natural or man-made areas which have been reserved for conservation, scientific, educational and/or recreational purposes. (Source: RRDA) beschermd marien gebied English: protected marine zone English definition: Sea area where marine wildlife is protected. (Source: PHC) beschermd stroomgebied English: water protection area English definition: Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater. (Source: AZENP) beschermd zeegebied English: marine conservation area English definition: Any section of a sea or ocean designated for special protection, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems. (Source: RHW) beschermde soorten English: protected species English definition: Threatened, vulnerable or endangered species which are protected from extinction by preventive measures. (Source: RAMADE) bescherming English: protection English definition: The act of defending from trouble, harm, attack, etc. (Source: CED) bescherming genetisch materiaal English: conservation of genetic resources English definition: Controlled utilization, protection and development of the gene pool of natural and cultivated organisms to ensure variety and variability and for current and potential value to human welfare. (Source: TOE / ISEP) bescherming soorten English: conservation of species English definition: Controlled utilization, protection or development of selected classes of plants or animals for their richness, biodiversity and benefits to humanity. (Source: TOE / EEN) bescherming tegen buren English: protection from neighbours bescherming tegen lawaaihinder English: noise protection English definition: Adoption of measures for controlling noise pollution, such as restriction of the emission of noise from industrial, commercial and domestic premises, from motor vehicles and aircrafts, the provision of noise barriers and buffer zones, the fitting of sound attenuation equipment, etc. (Source: CONFERa / GILP96a) bescherming tegen lawines English: avalanche protection English definition: The total of measures and devices implemented to protect people, property or natural resources from avalanche conditions, including avalanche forecasting and warning, avalanche zoning, ski testing and the use of explosives and other equipment to stabilize an avalanche area. (Source: ALL / AVA) bescherming tegen overstroming English: flood protection English definition: Precautionary measures, equipment or structures implemented to guard or defend people, property and lands from an unusual accumulation of water above the ground. (Source: ALL / WWC) bescherming van de aardoliebronnen English: conservation of petroleum resources English definition: Controlled utilization, protection and development of exploited and potentially exploitable sources of crude oil to meet current demand and ensure future requirements. (Source: MHE) bescherming van de milieuhygiene English: environmental health protection English definition: Measures or devices designed to reduce the risk of harm to human health posed by pollutants or other threatening conditions in the ecosystem. (Source: TOE) bescherming van de zeerijkdommen English: marine resources conservation bescherming van een stroomgebied English: water catchment protection English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of drainage areas used to catch water, such as reservoirs or basins. (Source: RHW) bescherming van in het wild levende planten en dieren English: wildlife protection English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to animals, plants and other organisms living in their natural state. (Source: RHW) bescherming van natuurgebieden English: natural areas protection English definition: Active management of nature areas in order to ensure that wildlife is protected and the quality of its environment is maintained. (Source: PHCa) bescherming van zeewater English: sea water protection beschermingsmaatregel English: protective measure English definition: Any precautionary action, procedure or installation conceived or undertaken to guard or defend from harm persons, property or the environment. (Source: RHW) beschermingssysteem English: protection system English definition: A series of procedures and devices designed to preserve people, property or the environment from injury or harm. (Source: RHW) beschikking English: decree English definition: A declaration of the court announcing the legal consequences of the facts found. (Source: BLACK) beslaglegging English: sequestration English definition: 1) A legal term referring generally to the act of valuable property being taken into custody by an agent of the court and locked away for safekeeping, usually to prevent the property from being disposed of or abused before a dispute over its ownership can be resolved.2) The taking of someone's property, voluntarily (by deposit) or involuntarily (by seizure), by court officers or into the possession of a third party, awaiting the outcome of a trial in which ownership of that property is at issue. (Source: DUC / EMBMO) beslaglegging op de winst English: seizure of profits English definition: The official or legally authorized act of taking away monetary gain or surplus resulting from investments or property or from returns, proceeds or revenue in a business or business transaction. (Source: RHW) beslissing English: decision English definition: Means the exercise of agency authority at any stage of an undertaking where alterations might be made in the undertaking to modify its impact upon historic and cultural properties. (Source: LANDY) beslissingsondersteunend systeem English: decision-support system English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources that analyzes, typically, business data and presents it so that users can make business decisions more easily. (Source: WIC) besluit English: resolution (act) English definition: A formal expression of the opinion of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote, as a legislative resolution. (Source: BLACK) besluitvormingsondersteuning English: decision making support besluitvormingsproces English: decision process besmettelijke ziekte English: infectious disease English definition: Pathogenic condition resulting from invasion of an host by a pathogen that propagates causing infection. (Source: KOREN) besmetting van gewassen English: infestation of crops English definition: Invasion of crop by parasites. Among vertebrate animals, many crop pests are mammals, especially in the order of rodents and birds. Among invertebrates, certain species of gastropods and a large number of roundworms from the class of nematodes harm crops. The most varied and numerous species of crop pests are arthropods-insects, arachnids and some species of millipedes and crustaceans. Diseases vary from viral, bacterial, and nutritional to fungal, environmental and non-specific. The FAO has estimated that annual worldwide losses done by plant pests and diseases amount to approximately 20-25% of the potential worldwide yield of food crops. (Source: RRDA / WPR) besparing English: saving English definition: The amount of current income which is not spent for survival or enjoyment. (Source: MGHME) bestaande chemicalieen English: existing chemical English definition: Chemical products existing before 18-09-1981. (Source: RRDA) besteding English: expenditure English definition: Spending by consumers, investors, or government for goods or services. (Source: ISEP / ODE) bestemming English: allocation English definition: The assignment or allotment of resources to various uses in accord with a stated goal or policy. (Source: ODE) bestemmingsplan English: allocation plan English definition: The formulation and application of such measures as laws, economic plans, urbanism, etc., to ensure a balance between the population's needs and the country's resources. (Source: ECHO2) bestraling English: irradiation English definition: To subject to or treat with light or other electromagnetic radiation or with beams of particles. (Source: CED) bestrijding (van plagen) English: pest control English definition: Keeping down the number of pests by killing them or preventing them from attacking. (Source: PHC) bestrijding van (milieu)verontreiniging English: pollution abatement English definition: The reduction in degree or intensity of pollution in soil, rivers, lakes, seas, atmosphere, etc. (Source: PHC / LANDY) bestrijdingsmiddel English: pesticide English definition: A general term for chemical agents that are used in order to kill unwanted plants, animals pests or disease-causing fungi, and embracing insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, etc. Some pesticides have had widespread disruptive effects among non-target species. (Source: ALL) besturingsgegevens English: operating data English definition: Data referring to the practical carrying-out of a process. (Source: ZINZANa) bestuur English: administration English definition: The management or direction of the affairs of a public or private office, business or organization. (Source: RHW) bestuurlijke administratie English: management accounting English definition: The collection and processing of financial information to assist with the handling, direction, or control of an organization. (Source: ODE / RHW) bestuurlijke goedkeuring English: administrative fiat English definition: An authoritative decree, sanction or order issued from an office with executive or managerial authority, without necessarily having the force of law or its equivalent. (Source: RHW / BLD) bestuurlijke grens English: administrative boundary English definition: A limit or border of a geographic area under the jurisdiction of some governmental or managerial entity. (Source: RHW) bestuursbevoegdheid English: administrative competence English definition: The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority to manage or direct the affairs of a public or private office, business or organization. (Source: RHW) bestuurslichaam English: administrative body English definition: Any governmental agency or organization charged with managing and implementing regulations, laws and government policies. (Source: BLD) bestuursovereenkomst English: management contract English definition: A legal agreement between two or more parties of employers and workers that outlines the administrative or supervisory work that is expected in exchange for certain payments and working conditions. (Source: ODE) betaalbare huisvesting English: low-cost housing English definition: Residences built at minimal expense and designed to keep the rental rate or price of purchase affordable for persons with limited means, usually determined by an annual income level set below the local median. (Source: NAH) beta-straling English: beta radiation English definition: Name given to the ionizing radiation which is produced as a stream of high speed electrons emitted by certain types of radioactive substance when they decay. The intensity of radiation energy produced in human tissue by a beta particle is a hundred times less than that produced by an alpha radiation particle, but it travels slightly deeper into tissue. (Source: WRIGHT) beton English: concrete English definition: A mixture of aggregate, water, and a binder, usually Portland cement; it hardens to stonelike condition when dry. (Source: MGH) betonnijverheid English: concrete products industry betrouwbaarheid English: reliability English definition: The likelihood that an instrument, device or process will function properly under defined conditions for a specified period of time. (Source: QAG) beveiliging van gebouwen tegen seismische activiteit English: seismic engineering English definition: The study of the behavior of foundations and structures relative to seismic ground motion, and the attempt to mitigate the effect of earthquakes on structures. (Source: BJGEO) beveiligingsstelsel English: safety system English definition: A unified, coordinated assemblage or plan of procedures and devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW) bevloeiing English: irrigation English definition: 1) To supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow or grow stronger. (Source: CAMB / WRIGHT) bevloeiingskanaal English: irrigation canal English definition: A permanent irrigation conduit constructed to convey water from the source of supply to one or more farms. (Source: NALMS) bevloeiingslandbouw English: irrigation farming English definition: Farming based on the artificial distribution and application of water to arable land to initiate and maintain plant growth. (Source: GOODa) bevloeiingssysteem English: irrigation system English definition: A system of man-made channels for supplying water to land to allow plants to grow. (Source: PHC) bevoegdheidsverklaring English: certification English definition: The formal assertion in writing of some fact. (Source: BLACK) bevolking English: human population English definition: Group of individuals having common characteristics. (Source: ZINZAN) bevolkingsdemografie English: population dynamics English definition: The process of numerical and structural change within populations resulting from births, deaths, and movements. (Source: LANDY) bevolkingsdichtheid English: population density English definition: The number of people relative to the space occupied by them. (Source: GOOD) bevolkingsgroei English: population growth English definition: An increase in the total number of inhabitants of a country, city, district or area. (Source: RHW) bevolkingsontwikkeling English: population movement English definition: Any shift or migration of a statistically significant number of persons inhabiting a country, district or area. (Source: RHW) bevolkingsspreiding English: population distribution English definition: The density, dispersal pattern and apportionment of the total number of persons in any area. (Source: RHW / EEN) bevolkingsstructuur English: population structure English definition: The organization of, and inter-relationships among, inhabitants of a given region, country or city. (Source: RHW) bevolkingstrend English: population trend English definition: The direction of change in the total number of persons inhabiting a country, city, district or area. (Source: RHW / WMA) bevordering van de (volks)gezondheid English: sanitation English definition: The study and use of practical measures for the preservation of public health. (Source: CED) bevordering van het zakenleven English: promotion of trade and industry English definition: Any activity that encourages or supports the buying, selling or exchanging of goods or services with other countries, which could include marketing, diplomatic pressure or the provision of export incentives such as credits and guarantees, government subsidies, training and consultation or advice. (Source: ODE) beweeglijkheid door de ruimte English: spatial mobility English definition: The rate of moves or migrations made by a given population within a given time frame. (Source: CEN) bewoner English: inhabitant English definition: A person occupying a region, town, house, country, etc. bewustmakingscampagne English: public awareness campaign English definition: An organized, systematic effort through various communications media to alert the general population of a given area to anything of significant interest or concern. (Source: RHW) bezinking English: sedimentation (industrial process) English definition: The separation of an insoluble solid from a liquid in which it is suspended by settling under the influence of gravity or centrifugation. (Source: MGH) bezinking van afvalwater in een bekken English: lagooning English definition: The process in which sunlight, bacterial action and oxygen cause self-purification in waste water, Usually taking place in a shallow pond, or system of such ponds. (Source: TOEa) bezinkingstank English: settling tank English definition: A tank into which a two-phase mixture is fed and the entrained solids settle by gravity during storage. (Source: MGH) bezinkingsvijver English: stabilisation lagoon English definition: Ponds in which wastes are allowed to decompose over long periods of time and aeration is provided only by wind action. Sunlight is allowed to fall on sewage to purify it. (Source: PARCOR / PHC) bezwaar English: objection English definition: The act of a party who objects to some matter or proceeding in the course of a trial or an argument or reason urged by him in support of his contention that the matter or proceeding objected to is improper or illegal. (Source: BLACK) bibliografie English: bibliography English definition: A complete or selective listing of documents by a given subject, author or publisher, often including the description and identification of the editions, dates of issue, titles, authorship, publishers or other written materials. (Source: RHW / ISEP) bibliografische informatie English: bibliographic information English definition: Data pertaining to the history, physical description, comparison, and classification of books and other works. (Source: RHW) bibliografische informatiesysteem English: bibliographic information system English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources organized for the exchange of data pertaining to the history, physical description, comparison, and classification of books and other works. (Source: RHW) bibliotheek English: library English definition: Place where books and other literary materials are kept. (Source: CED) bibliotheekdienst English: library service English definition: The duties of an establishment, or a public institution, charged with the care and organizing of a collection of printed and other materials, and the duty of interpreting such materials to meet the informational, cultural, educational, recreational or research needs of its clients. (Source: OED / LFS) bijen English: bee English definition: Any of the membranous-winged insects which compose the superfamily Apoidea in the order Hymenoptera characterized by a hairy body and by sucking and chewing mouthparts. (Source: MGH) bijenbescherming English: bee conservation English definition: The care, preservation and husbandry of hymenopterous insects valued for their ability to pollinate crops and other flora or for their production of honey. (Source: TOE / RHW) bijenteelt English: apiculture English definition: Large-scale commercial beekeeping. (Source: MGH) bijkomende lijsten English: accessory lists bijvangst English: by-catch English definition: Incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing; it is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. (Source: WPR) bijwerking English: side effect English definition: Any secondary effect, especially an undesirable one. (Source: CED) bijwerkingen van geneesmiddelen English: side effects of pharmaceutical drugs bijzonder afval English: special waste English definition: Waste which must be handled in a particular manner and for which particular rules apply. bijzonder industrieel afval English: special industrial waste English definition: Discarded material produced in any industrial process for which there is no specified mode of disposal. (Source: INW) bijzondere heffing English: exceptional tax English definition: Compulsory charges levied by a government unit in special or unique instances for the purpose of raising revenue to pay for services or improvements for the general public benefit. (Source: EFP / RHW) bijzondere wet English: special law English definition: One relating to particular persons or things; one made for individual cases or for particular places or districts; one operating upon a selected class, rather than upon the public generally. A law is special when it is different from others of the same general kind or designed for a particular purpose, or limited in range or confined to a prescribed field of action or operation. bilaterale overeenkomst English: bilateral convention English definition: An international agreement, especially one dealing with a specific matter, involving two or both sides, factions, or the like. (Source: RRDA) binding van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant immobilisation English definition: The treatment process used to reduce the solubility of pollutants in order to minimize possible migration or leaching or to prepare for their disposal. (Source: FFD) binnengrens English: sub-national boundary English definition: The line demarcating a territory located within the limits of a State. (Source: GOODa) binnenlands beheersprogramma English: national conservation programme binnenlandse handel English: domestic trade English definition: Trade wholly carried on at home; as distinguished from foreign commerce. (Source: WESTS) binnenlandse migratie English: internal migration English definition: A population shift occurring within national or territorial boundaries, often characterized by persons seeking labor opportunities in more advantageous areas. (Source: ISEP) binnenmilieu English: indoor environment English definition: Environment situated in the inside of a house or other building. (Source: CED) binnenstad English: city centre English definition: The central part of a city. (Source: CAMB) binnenstad English: inner city English definition: 1) Part of a city at or near the centre, especially a slum area where poor people live in bad housing.2) City centres of many industrialized countries which exhibit environmental degradation. The numerous and highly competitive activities entailing land use overwhelm the limited space and create a situation of overcrowding, functional incompatibility and cultural degradation. Inner city areas have a high level of commercial specialization, a large number of offices and a sizeable daytime population. At the same time, city centres generally remain a sort of ghetto for a permanent, low-income population living in run-down housing and enjoying little in the way of public services and civic amenities. The concentration of service industries inevitably entails the replacement of traditional housing and shops by office blocks, the provision of basic utilities at the expense of civic amenities and the provision of major access roads which eat up urban space. Structures of historic origin are often unable to meet modern requirements and, notwithstanding their value, frequently face demolition. (Source: PHC / WPR) binnenvaart English: inland navigation English definition: The navigation of inland waterways, i.e. navigable rivers, canals, sounds, lakes, inlets, etc. binnenvisserij English: inland fishery English definition: Fishing grounds located in lakes, streams, etc. (Source: RRDA) binnenwater English: inland water English definition: A lake, river, or other body of water wholly within the boundaries of a state. (Source: MGH) binnenwatervervoer English: inland waterways transport English definition: Transportation of persons and goods by boats travelling on rivers, channels or lakes. (Source: RRDA) bio-accumulatie English: bioaccumulation English definition: 1) The accumulation of pollutants in living organisms by direct adsorption or through food chains. 2) Accumulation by an organism of materials that are not an essential component or nutrient of that organism. Usually it refers to the accumulation of metals, but it can apply to bioaccumulation of persistent synthetic substances such as organochlorine compounds. Many organisms, such as plants, fungi and bacteria, will accumulate metals when grown in solutions containing them. The process can be employed usefully as a purification process to remove toxic heavy metals from waste water and contaminated land. (Source: WRIGHT) bio-accumulatieve verontreinigende stof English: bioaccumulative pollutant English definition: Pollutants that become concentrated in living organisms through the consumption of food or water. (Source: KORENa) biobeschikbaarheid English: bio-availability English definition: The extent to which a drug or other substance is taken up by a specific tissue or organ after administration. (Source: ZINZAN / CEDa) bioc(o)enose English: biocoenosis English definition: A community or natural assemblage of organisms; often used as an alternative to ecosystem but strictly is the fauna/flora association excluding physical aspects of the environment. (Source: LBC) biochemie English: biochemistry English definition: The study of chemical substances occurring in living organisms and the reactions and methods for identifying these substances. (Source: MGH) biochemische methode English: biochemical method English definition: Method based on the utilisation of a biochemical mechanism, e.g. any chemical reaction or series of reactions, usually enzyme catalysed, which produces a given physiological effect in a living organism. (Source: BIOHW) biochemische processen English: biochemical process English definition: Chemical processes occurring in living organisms. (Source: PHCa) biochemische stoffen English: biochemical substance English definition: Chemical substances that occur in animals, microorganisms, and plants. (Source: GILP96a) biochemische zuurstofverbruik English: biochemical oxygen demand English definition: The amount of oxygen used for biochemical oxidation by a unit volume of water at a given temperature and for a given time. BOD is an index of the degree of organic pollution in water. (Source: LBC) biocide English: biocide English definition: A diverse group of poisonous substance including preservatives, insecticides, disinfectants and pesticides used for the control of organisms that are harmful to human or animal health or that cause damage to natural or manufactured products. (Source: GRAHAW) bioclimatologie English: bioclimatology English definition: The study of climate in relation to fauna and flora. (Source: LBC) bioconcentratie factor English: bioconcentration factor English definition: The quotient of the concentration of a chemical in aquatic organisms at a specific time or during a discrete time period of exposure, divided by the concentration in the surrounding water at the same time or during the same period. (Source: KOREN) biodiversiteit English: biodiversity English definition: 1) Genetic diversity: the variation between individuals and between populations within a species; species diversity: the different types of plants, animals and other life forms within a region; community or ecosystem diversity: the variety of habitats found within an area (grassland, marsh, and woodland for instance.2) An umbrella term to describe collectively the variety and variability of nature. It encompasses three basic levels of organisation in living systems: the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Plant and animal species are the most commonly recognized units of biological diversity, thus public concern has been mainly devoted to conserving species diversity. (Source: WRES / GILP96) bio-ethiek English: bioethics English definition: The study of ethical problems arising from biological research and its applications in such fields as organ transplantation, genetic engineering, or artificial insemination. (Source: CED) biofilter English: trickling filter English definition: A system of secondary sewage treatment which is similar to self-purification action of streams; it is more accurately a biological oxidizing bed; the effluent is placed on the stones in the bed and microorganisms present consume the solids as a food supply. (Source: KOREN) biofiltratie English: biofiltration English definition: The distribution of settled sewage on a bed of inert granular material through which it is allowed to percolate. In doing so, the effluent is aerated thus allowing aerobic bacteria and fungi to reduce its biochemical oxygen demand. (Source: PORT) biofysica English: biophysics English definition: The hybrid science involving the application of physical principles and methods to study and explain the structures of living organisms and the mechanics of life processes. (Source: MGH) biogas English: biogas English definition: Gas, rich in methane, which is produced by the fermentation of animal dung, human sewage or crop residues in an air-tight container. It is used as a fuel, to heat stoves, lamps, run small machines and to generate electricity. The residues of biogas production are used as a low-grade organic fertilizer. Biogas fuels do not usually cause any pollution to the atmosphere, and because they come from renewable energy resources they have great potential for future use. (Source: WRIGHT) biogeochemie English: biogeochemistry biogeochemische cyclus English: biogeochemical cycle English definition: Movement of chemical elements in a circular pathway, from organisms to physical environment, back to organisms. The process is termed a nutrient cycle if the elements concerned are trace elements, which are essential to life. A biogeochemical cycle occurs when vegetation decomposes and minerals are incorporated naturally in the humus for future plant growth. (Source: WRIGHT) biogeografie English: biogeography English definition: The science concerned with the geographical distribution of animal and plant life. (Source: MGH) biogeografische gebieden English: biogeographical region English definition: Area of the Earth's surface defined by the species of fauna and flora it contains. (Source: ALL) bio-indicator English: biological indicator English definition: A species or organism that is used to grade environmental quality or change. (Source: ALL) biologie English: biology English definition: A division of the natural sciences concerned with the study of life and living organisms. (Source: MGH) biologie English: biology biologie in riviermonding English: estuarine biology English definition: The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with freshwater. (Source: WOR / MHE / APD) biologisch bosreservaat English: forest biological reserve English definition: Forest areas which are protected and guarded from deforestation because of the fragility of its ecosystems, and because they provide habitats for hundreds of species of plants and animals. (Source: TOURISa) biologisch effect English: biological effect English definition: Biological effects include allergic reactions, respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity diseases and infectious diseases and can be caused by a variety of contaminants and pollutants. (Source: RRDA) biologisch effect van vervuiling English: biological effect of pollution English definition: Effects of pollution on living systems. (Source: RRDA) biologisch erfgoed English: biological heritage English definition: The inheritance and preservation of the earth's or a particular region's balanced, integrated functionality as a natural habitat, with special concern for the water resources necessary to maintain the ecosystem. (Source: TOE) biologisch reserve English: biological reserve English definition: An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. (Source: GOOD) biologische (hulp)bronnen English: biological resource English definition: Wild organisms harvested for subsistence, commerce, or recreation (such as fish, game, timber or furbearers); domesticated organisms raised by agriculture, aquaculture, and silviculture; and ecosystems cropped by livestock. (Source: WPR) biologische activiteit English: biological activity biologische afvalverwerking English: biological waste treatment English definition: A generic term applied to processes that use microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of biological waste treatment is to control either the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and to provide a means for maintaining high concentrations of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes. biologische afvalwaterverwerking English: biological wastewater treatment English definition: Types of wastewater treatment in which biochemical or bacterial action is intensified to oxidize and stabilize the unstable organic matter present. Examples of this type of treatment use intermittent sand filters, trickling filters, and activated sludge processes and sludge digestion. (Source: WWC) biologische analyse English: biological analysis English definition: The analysis of a substance in order to ascertain its influence on living organisms. (Source: PHCa) biologische bestrijding English: biological pest control English definition: Any living organism applied to or introduced into the environment that is intended to function as a pesticide against another organism declared to be a pest. (Source: LEE) biologische bodem(hulp)bronnen English: terrestrial biological resource English definition: Any source of supply derived from plants, animals or other wildlife inhabiting land or ground, which may be used by humans for food, clothes and other necessities. (Source: RHW) biologische brandstof English: biofuel English definition: A gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel that contains an energy content derived from a biological source. The organic matter that makes up living organisms provides a potential source of trapped energy that is beginning to be exploited to supply the ever-increasing energy demand around the world. An example of a biofuel is rapeseed oil, which can be used in place of diesel fuel in modified engines. The methyl ester of this oil, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), can be used in unmodified diesel engines and is sometimes known as biodiesel. Other biofuels include biogas and gasohol. (Source: DICCHE) biologische cyclus English: biological cycle English definition: A series of transformations or biological events which follow one after the other one, reaching at the end of the cycle the initial conditions, as in the life cycle of many animal and plant organisms. (Source: DELFIN) biologische eigenschap English: biological attribute English definition: Properties or features belonging to living organisms. (Source: CEDa) biologische landbouw English: organic farming English definition: Farming without the use of industrially made fertilizers or pesticides. (Source: ALL) biologische ontwikkeling English: biological development English definition: The action of growing of living organisms. (Source: RRDA) biologische processen English: biological process English definition: Processes concerning living organisms. (Source: CEDa) biologische productie English: biological production English definition: 1) The amount and rate of production which occur in a given ecosystem over a given time period. It may apply to a single organism, a population, or entire communities and ecosystems.2) The quantity of organic matter or its equivalent in dry matter, carbon, or energy content which is accumulated during a given period of time. (Source: PARCOR / MGH) biologische proef English: biological test English definition: The laboratory determination of the effects of substances upon specific living organisms. (Source: GILP96) biologische stikstoffixatie English: biological nitrogen fixation biologische verontreiniger English: biological pollutant English definition: Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that may be present in the environment and cause many health effects. (Source: KORENa) biologische verontreiniging English: biological pollution English definition: Disturbance of the ecological balance by the accidental or deliberate introduction of a foreign organism, animal or plant species into an environment. (Source: WRIGHT) biologische vervuiling English: biological contamination English definition: The presence in the environment of living organisms or agents derived by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and mammal and bird antigens that can cause many health effects. (Source: KORENa) biologische verwerking English: biological treatment English definition: Process that uses microorganisms to decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances, or into simpler organic substances, such as aldehydes and acids. The purpose of a biological treatment system is to control the environment for microorganisms so that their growth and activity are enhanced, and provide a means for maintaining high concentration of the microorganisms in contact with the wastes. (Source: PARCOR) biologische wapen English: biological weapon English definition: Living organisms (or infective material derived from them) which are intended to cause disease or death in animals, plants, or man, and which depend for their effects on their ability to multiply in the person, animal or plant attacked. Various living organisms (for example, rickettsiae, viruses and fungi), as well as bacteria, can be used as weapons. (Source: WPR) biologische waterbalans English: biological water balance English definition: The amount of ingoing and outgoing water in a system, which are assumed to be equal in the long term so that the water budget will balance. (Source: ALL) biologische zuivering van overtollig gas English: biological waste gas purification English definition: Processes for removing impurities from waste gas based on the employing of microorganisms. (Source: BIOTGLa) bioluminiscentie English: bioluminescence English definition: The production of light of various colors by living organisms (e.g. some bacteria and fungi, glow-worms and many marine animals). Luminescence is produced by a biochemical reaction, which is catalyzed by an enzyme. In some animals the light is used as a mating signal; in others it may be a protective device. In deep-sea forms luminous organs may serve as lanterns. (Source: MGH) biomarker English: biomarker English definition: A normal metabolite that, when present in abnormal concentrations in certain body fluids, can indicate the presence of a particular disease or toxicological condition. (Source: DICCHE) biomassa English: biomass English definition: Biomass refers strictly speaking to the total weight of all the living things in an ecosystem. However, it has come to refer to the amount of plant and crop material that could be produced in an ecosystem for making biofuels and other raw materials used in industry, for example. (Source: WRIGHT) biomassa-energie English: biomass energy English definition: A renewable energy source that makes use of such biofuels as methane (biogas) generated by sewage, farm, industrial, or household organic waste materials. Other biofuels include trees grown in so-called 'energy forests' or other plants, such as sugar cane, grown for their energy potential. Biomass energy relies on combustion and therefore produces carbon dioxide; its use would not, therefore, alleviate the greenhouse effect. (Source: UVAROV) bio-monitoring English: biological monitoring English definition: The direct measurement of changes in the biological status of a habitat, based on evaluations of the number and distribution of individuals or species before and after a change. (Source: ALL) bioreactor English: bioreactor English definition: A container, such as a large fermentation chamber, for growing living organisms that are used in the industrial production of substances such as pharmaceuticals, antibodies, or vaccines. (Source: PORT) bioritme English: biorhythm English definition: A cyclically recurring pattern of physiological states in an organism or organ, such as alpha rhythm or circadian rhythm; believed by some to affect physical and mental states and behaviour. (Source: CED) biosfeer English: biosphere English definition: That part of the Earth and atmosphere capable of supporting living organisms. (Source: LBC) biosfeer(organismen,ecosystemen) English: biosphere (organisms, ecosystems) biosynthese English: biosynthesis English definition: Production, by synthesis or degradation, of a chemical compound by a living organism. (Source: MGH) biotechnologie English: biological engineering English definition: The application of engineering principles and techniques to living organisms. It is largely concerned with the design of replacement body parts, such as limbs, heart valves, etc. (Source: UVAROV) biotechnologie English: biotechnology English definition: A combination of biology and technology. It is used to describe developments in the application of biological organisms for commercial and scientific purposes. So 'bio' stands for biology and the science of life, and 'tech' stands for technology, or the tools and techniques that the biotechnologists have in their workbox. Those tools and techniques include microorganisms and a range of methods for manipulating them, such as genetic engineering. (Source: WRIGHT) biotechnologie in de landbouw English: agricultural biotechnology biotechnologie met betrekking tot de gezondheid English: health-related biotechnology English definition: Health-related biotechnologies are concerned with large-molecule protein pharmaceuticals, genetic engineering, etc. (Source: BIOTAZ / DELFINa) biotechnologisch gevaar English: biotechnological hazard English definition: A danger to humans, animals or the environment posed by the application of advanced biological techniques in the manufacture of industrial products, such as the risk or harm that results from exposure to infectious bacteria, viruses or fungi. (Source: APD / FFD) biotische factor English: biotic factor English definition: The influence upon the environment of organisms owing to the presence and activities of other organisms, as distinct from a physical, abiotic, environmental factor. (Source: ALL2) biotische index English: biotic index English definition: Scale for showing the quality of an environment by indicating the types of organisms present in it (e.g. how clean a river is). (Source: PHC) biotoop English: biotope English definition: A region of relatively uniform environmental conditions, occupied by a given plant community and its associated animal community. (Source: PAENS) biotoopbescherming English: biotope protection English definition: Measures taken to ensure that the biological and physical components of a biotope are in equilibrium by maintaining constant their relative numbers and features. (Source: GILP96a) biotoopnetwerk English: biotope network English definition: Intersection of corridors connecting patchy ecological communities. Species survival tends to be higher in patches that have higher connectivity. (Source: PARCORa) biotooporde English: biotope order English definition: An ordinance or decree regarding an area of ecological habitat that is characterized by a high degree of uniformity in its environmental conditions and in its distribution of plants and animals. (Source: DOE / OED) bioveiligheid English: biosafety English definition: The combination of knowledge, techniques and equipment used to manage or contain potentially infectious materials or biohazards in the laboratory environment, to reduce or prevent harm to laboratory workers, other persons and the environment. (Source: BIOSAF / OHS) bitumen English: bitumen English definition: A generic term applied to natural inflammable substances of variable colour, hardness, and volatility, composed principally of a mixture of hydrocarbons substantially free from oxygenated bodies. Bitumens are sometimes associated with mineral matter, the nonmineral constituents being fusible and largely soluble in carbon disulfide, yielding water-insoluble sulfonation products. Petroleum, asphalts, natural mineral waxes, and asphaltites are all considered bitumens. (Source: BJGEO) blaasoven English: blast furnace English definition: A tall, cylindrical smelting furnace for reducing iron ore to pig iron; the blast of air blown through solid fuel increases the combustion rate. (Source: MGH) blad English: leaf English definition: The main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants, usually consisting of a flat green blade attached to the stem directly or by a stalk. (Source: CED) bladverlies English: defoliation English definition: 1) The drop of foliage from plants caused by herbicides such as Agent Orange, diuron, triazines, all of which interfere with photosynthesis. The use of defoliants, as in Vietnam or in jungle clearance for agriculture, can permanently destroy tropical forests. Once the tree cover is removed, the soil is subjected to erosion and precious nutrients are rapidly leached away.2) Destroying (an area of jungle, forest, etc.) as by chemical sprays or incendiary bombs, in order to give enemy troops or guerilla forces no place of concealment. (Source: PORT / WEBSTE) blauwwieren English: blue-green alga English definition: Microorganisms, formerly classified as algae but now regarded as bacteria, including nostoc, which contain a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll. (Source: CED) bleekaarde English: bleaching clay English definition: Clay capable of chemically adsorbing oils, insecticides, alkaloids, vitamins, carbohydrates and other materials; it is used for refining and decolorizing mineral and vegetable oils. (Source: WRES) bleekmiddel English: bleaching agent English definition: 1) A chemical, such as an aromatic acyl peroxide or monoperoxiphthalic acid, used to bleach flour, fats, oils and other edibles. 2) An oxidizing or reducing chemical such as sodium hypochlorite, sulfur dioxide, sodium acid sulfite, or hydrogen peroxide. (Source: MGH) bleekproces English: bleaching process English definition: 1) Removing colored components from a textile. Common bleaches are hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochloride, and sodium chlorite. 2) The brightening and delignification of pulp by the addition of oxidizing chemicals such as chlorine or reducing chemicals such as sodium hypochloride. (Source: LEE) bleekzucht English: chlorosis English definition: A disease condition of green plants seen as yellowing of green parts of the plants. (Source: MGH) bloed English: blood (tissue) English definition: A fluid connective tissue consisting of the plasma and cells that circulate in the blood vessels. (Source: MGH) bloem English: flower English definition: The reproductive structure of angiosperm plants, consisting of stamens and carpels surrounded by petals and sepals all borne on the receptacle. (Source: CED) bloembollenteelt English: bulb cultivation English definition: The cultivation of flower bulb is divided into two sectors: for forcing (flower bulbs used by professional growers for the production of cut flowers and potted plants) and for dry sales (flower bulbs for garden planting, flower pots, landscaping and parks). (Source: BULB) blootstelling English: exposure English definition: The time for which a material is illuminated or irradiated. (Source: PITT) blootstelling aan een risico English: risk exposure English definition: The situation or set of circumstances where the probability of harm to an area or its population increases beyond a normal level. (Source: ISEP / HMD) blootstelling aan straling English: radiation exposure English definition: The act or state of being subjected to electromagnetic energy strong enough to ionize atoms thereby posing a threat to human health or the environment. (Source: APD / MHD) blootstelling aan verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant exposure English definition: The act or state of being subjected to a substance that adversely affects human health, property or the environment. (Source: RHW / TOE) bodem English: soil English definition: The top layer of the land surface of the earth that is composed of disintegrated rock particles, humus, water and air. (Source: CED) bodem English: soil bodemanalyse English: soil analysis English definition: The use of rapid chemical analyses to determine the fertility status of a soil. It is used to identify those nutrients or substances that are present in either insufficient or excessive quantities for optimum plant growth. Analyses are also used to monitor increases or decreases in soil fertility over time. (Source: PARCOR) bodembehoud English: soil conservation English definition: Management of soil to prevent or reduce soil erosion and depletion by wind and water. Preservation of soil against deterioration and loss by using it within its capabilities; application of conservation practices needed for its protection and improvement. (Source: MGH / LANDY) bodembehoudswetgeving English: soil conservation legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect and prevent the loss of an area's surface layer of decomposed rock and organic material, valued for its nutrients and ability to support life. (Source: DES) bodembemesting English: soil fertilisation English definition: The application of any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origins to a soil to supply one or more elements essential to the growth of plants. (Source: DUNSTE) bodembewerking English: working the soil English definition: Ploughing the soil for agricultural purposes. (Source: PHCa) bodembiologie English: soil biology English definition: The study of the living organisms, mainly microorganisms and microinvertebrates which live within the soil, and which are largely responsible for the decomposition processes vital to soil fertility. (Source: GILP96a) bodemcapaciteit English: soil capability English definition: The suitability of soils for various uses, e.g. sustained production of cultivated crops, pasture plants, etc., depending on depth, texture, kinds of minerals, salinity, kinds of salts, acidity, etc. (Source: NHQa / PARCOR) bodemchemie English: soil chemistry English definition: The study of the inorganic and organic components of the soil and its life cycles. (Source: MGH) bodemdaling English: soil subsidence English definition: A sinking down of a part of the earth's crust, generally due to underground excavations. (Source: MGH) bodemdegradatie English: soil degradation English definition: Soil may deteriorate either by physical movement of soil particles from a given site or by depletion of the water-soluble elements in the soil which contribute to the nourishment of crop, plants, grasses, trees, and other economically usable vegetation. The physical movement generally is referred to as erosion. Wind, water, glacial ice, animals and tools in use may be agents of erosion. (Source: GILP96) bodemerosie English: soil erosion English definition: Detachment and movement of topsoil or soil material from the upper part of the profile, by the action of wind or running water, especially as a result of changes brought about by human activity, such as unsuitable or mismanaged agriculture. (Source: BJGEO) bodemfunctie English: soil function English definition: The main soil function is participation in the material transformation and migrating processes occurring in the natural environment on which the functioning of ecosystems depends. The most active participants in the occurring processes are microorganisms and invertebrates, whose activity, different variety, complex structure, and abundance accurately reflect the soil type and its characteristics: so they are important indicators of ecological stability. The variety of soil organisms determine its self-regulatory and self-cleaning capacity. (Source: NERIS) bodemgebruik English: soil use English definition: Functional utilization of soil for agriculture, industry, or residential building purposes. (Source: GREMES) bodemgesteldheid English: soil condition English definition: Description of the character of the surface of the ground at the time of observation, especially in relation to the influence of rain and snow. (Source: ECHO2) bodemkaart English: soil map English definition: A two-dimensional representation that shows the areal extent or the distribution of soils in relation to other features of the land surface. (Source: ALL) bodemkunde English: edaphology English definition: The study of the relationships between soil and organisms, including the use made of land by mankind. (Source: WHIT) bodemkunde English: soil science English definition: The study of the properties, occurrence, and management of soil as a natural resource. Generally it includes the chemistry, microbiology, physics, morphology, and mineralogy of soils, as well as their genesis and classification. (Source: MGH) bodemkwaliteit English: soil quality English definition: All current positive or negative properties with regard to soil utilization and soil functions. (Source: ECHO1) bodemlaag English: soil layer English definition: Distinctive successive layers of soil produced by internal redistribution processes. Conventionally the layers have been divided into A, B and C horizons. The A horizon is the upper layer, containing humus and is leached and/or eluviated of many minerals. The B horizon forms a zone of deposition and is enriched with clay minerals and iron/aluminium oxides from the A layer. The C layer is the parent material for the present soil and may be partially weathered rock, transported glacial or alluvial material or an earlier soil. (Source: ALL) bodemlucht English: soil air English definition: The air and other gases in spaces in the soil; specifically that which is found within the zone of aeration. Also known as soil atmosphere. (Source: MGH) bodemmechanica English: soil mechanics English definition: The study of the physical properties of soil, especially those properties that affect its ability to bear weight such as water content, density, strength, etc. (Source: CED) bodemmineralogie English: soil mineralogy English definition: Study of the formation, occurrence, properties, composition, and classification of the minerals present in the soil. (Source: BJGEOa) bodemorganisme English: soil organism English definition: Organisms which live in the soil. (Source: PHC) bodemproces English: soil process English definition: The major processes in soils are gains, losses, transfers, and transformations of organic matter, soluble salts, carbonates, silicate clay minerals, sesquioxides, and silica. Gains consist normally of additions of organic matter, and of oxygen and water through oxidation and hydration, but in some sites slow continuous additions of new mineral materials take place at the surface or soluble materials are deposited from groundwater. Losses are chiefly of materials dissolved or suspended in water percolating through the profile or running off the surface. (Source: PARCOR) bodemprofiel English: soil profile English definition: A vertical section of a soil, showing horizons and parent material. (Source: MGH) bodemsanering English: soil decontamination English definition: Technologies employed in the removal of PCBs, PAH, pesticides and, more generally, of organic compounds by physical, chemical or biological treatments. (Source: EUROPAa) bodemschatten English: soil resource bodemschommelingen; trage bodemschommelingen English: bradyseism English definition: A long-continued, extremely slow vertical instability of the crust, as in the volcanic district west of Naples, Italy, where the Phlegraean bradyseism has involved up-and-down movements between 6 m below sea level and 6 m above over a period of more than 2.000 years. (Source: BJGEO) bodemstabiliteit English: soil stability English definition: Soil stability depends on its shear strength, its compressibility and its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen. (Source: BJGEO) bodemstructuur English: soil structure English definition: The combination or aggregation of primary soil particles into aggregates or clusters, which are separated from adjoining peds by surfaces of weakness. Soil structure is classified on the basis of size, shape, and distinctness into classes, types, and grades. (Source: BJGEO) bodemtextuur English: soil texture English definition: 1) Refers to the relative proportions of the various size groups (sand, silt and clay) of the individual soil grains in a mass of soil. 2) Classification of soil by the proportion and graduations of the three size groups of soil grains, i.e., sand, silt and clay, present in the soil. (Source: LANDY) bodemuitloging English: soil leaching English definition: The removal of water or any soluble constituents from the soil. Leaching often occurs with soil constituents such as nitrate fertilizers with the result that nitrates end up in potable waters. (Source: PORT) bodemverdichting English: soil compaction English definition: An increase in bulk density (mass per unit volume) and a decrease in soil porosity resulting from applied loads, vibration, or pressure. More compacted soils (or other materials) can support greater loads (load-bearing capacity). Bulk density can be increased by controlling the moisture content, compaction forces and treatment procedures, as well as by manipulating the type of material being compacted. (Source: DUNSTE) bodemverontreiniging English: soil pollution English definition: Modifications of soil features or, more generally, of its chemical and biological balance, caused by the discharge of polluting substances. (Source: FLGISA) bodemvervuiler English: soil pollutant English definition: Solid, liquid and gaseous substances that detrimentally alter the natural condition of the soil. bodemverzilting English: soil salination English definition: The accumulation of soluble mineral salts near the surface of soil, usually caused by the capillary flow of water from saline ground water. Where the rate of surface evaporation is high, irrigation can exacerbate the problem by moistening the soil and causing water to be drawn from deeper levels as water evaporates from the surface. The evaporation of pure water leaves the salts behind, allowing them to accumulate, and they can reach concentrations that are toxic to plants, thus sterilizing the land. (Source: ALL) bodemverzuring English: soil acidification English definition: A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients. (Source: PARCOR) bodemvocht English: soil moisture English definition: 1) Water stored in soils.2) One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms: a) water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water. b) Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution. c) Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water. (Source: LANDY / DUNSTE) bodemvochthuishouding English: soil moisture regime English definition: The water regime of the soil is determined by the physical properties and arrangement of the soil particles. The pores in a soil determine its water-retention characteristics. When all the pores are full of water, the soil is said to be saturated. (Source: DUNSTE) bodemvorming English: soil formation English definition: The combination of natural processes by which soils are formed. It is also known as pedogenesis. The most important soil-forming factors are parent material, terrain, climate, aspect, vegetation cover, microorganisms in the soil and the age of the land surface. Some pedologists would add to this list the influence of human activities. All the factors exhibit varying degrees of interrelationship and some are more important than others, with climate often being singled out as the most important. (Source: WHIT) bodemvruchtbaarheid English: soil fertility English definition: The status of a soil with respect to the amount and availability to plants of elements necessary for plant growth. (Source: BJGEO) boek English: book English definition: A collection of leaves of paper, parchment or other material, usually bound or fastened together within covers, containing writing of any type or blank pages for future inscription. (Source: CCL / RHW) boekhouding English: bookkeeping English definition: The art or science of recording business accounts and transactions. (Source: WESTS) boekhouding English: accounting English definition: Method of recording all the transactions affecting the financial condition of a business or organization. boekhoudsysteem English: accounting system English definition: The system of setting up, maintaining, and auditing the books of a firm and of analyzing its financial status and operating results. boerderij English: farm building English definition: The dwelling on a farm as distinguished from utility buildings as a barn, corncrib, milk house. (Source: WEBSTE) boete English: fine English definition: A pecuniary punishment or penalty imposed by lawful tribunal upon person convicted of crime or misdemeanor. (Source: BLACK) boete voor schade aan het milieu English: penalty for environmental damage English definition: Punishment, varying from fines to withdrawal of government funds to economic sanctions, which is imposed for the harm or injury done to natural resources. (Source: RHW) bont English: fur English definition: The hair-covered, dressed pelt of such a mammal, used in the making of garments and as trimming or decoration. (Source: AMHER) bonthandel English: furriery English definition: The business or trade of dressed furs and garments made from the coats of certain animals. (Source: OED) boom English: tree English definition: Any large woody perennial plant with a distinct trunk giving rise to branches or leaves at some distance from the ground. (Source: CED) boomkwekerij English: arboriculture English definition: The planting and care of woody plants, especially trees. (Source: AMHER) boomkwekerij English: tree nursery English definition: An area where trees, shrubs, or plants are grown for transplanting, for use as stocks for budding and grafting. (Source: ECHO2) boorinstallatie English: drilling installation English definition: The structural base upon which the drill rig and associated equipment is mounted during the drilling operation. (Source: MGH) boren English: drilling English definition: The act of boring holes in the earth for finding water or oil, for geologic surveys, etc. (Source: ZINZAN) borium English: boron English definition: A very hard almost colourless crystalline metalloid element that in impure form exists as a brown amorphous powder. It occurs principally in borax and is used in hardening steel. (Source: CED) bos English: forest English definition: A vegetation community dominated by trees and other woody shrubs, growing close enough together that the tree tops touch or overlap, creating various degrees of shade on the forest floor. It may produce benefits such as timber, recreation, wildlife habitat, etc. (Source: DUNSTE) bos English: wood English definition: A dense growth of trees more extensive than a grove and smaller than a forest. (Source: MGH) bos in de gematigde klimaatzone English: temperate forest English definition: Mixed forest of conifers and broad-leaf deciduous trees, or mixed conifer and broad-leaf evergreen trees, or entirely broad-leaf deciduous, or entirely broad-leaf evergreen trees, found in temperate regions across the world; characterized by high rainfall, warm summers, cold winters occasionally subzero, seasonality; typically with dense canopies, understorey saplings and tall shrubs, large animals, carnivores dominant, very rich in bird species. (Source: LBC) bosaanplanting English: afforestation English definition: 1) Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land.2) The planting of trees on land which was previously used for other uses than forestry.3) The planting of trees in an area, or the management of an area to allow trees to regenerate or colonize naturally, in order to produce a forest. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT / ALL) bosbeheer English: forest management English definition: Planning of forest utilization for wood production, conservation purposes, fauna and flora protection, recreation and water supply. (Source: RFA) bosbeleid English: forest policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which seeks to preserve or protect an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, wildlife habitat, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. (Source: NCF) bosbescherming English: forest conservation bosbescherming English: forest protection English definition: Branch of forestry concerned with the prevention and control of damage to forests arising from the action of people or livestock, of pests and abiotic agents. (Source: DUNSTE) bosbestand English: forest resource English definition: Forest resources consist of two separate but closely related parts: the forest land and the trees (timber) on that land. (Source: PARCOR) bosbestandsonderzoek English: forest resource assessment bosbouw English: forest industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of establishments is engaged in the management of an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, wildlife habitat, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. (Source: NCF) bosbouw English: forestry English definition: The management of forest lands for wood, forages, water, wildlife, and recreation. (Source: MGH) bosbouw English: forestry bosbouweconomie English: forestry economics English definition: The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services from the industry involved with the process of establishing and managing forests. (Source: RHW) bosbouweenheid English: forestry unit English definition: Any entity or group of individuals involved with the creation, management and conservation of an extensive area of woodland, often to produce products and benefits such as timber, clean water, biodiversity and recreation. (Source: NCF) bosbouwkundige praktijk English: forestry practice English definition: The farming of trees to ensure a continuing supply of timber and other forest products. Foresters care for existing trees, protecting them from fire, pests and diseases, and felling where trees are overcrowded or dying and when ready for cropping. They also plant new areas (afforestation) and replant felled areas (reafforestation). (Source: GOOD) bosbouwwet English: forestry law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate any extensive area of woodland, for the protection and preservation of game, timber and other forest resources. (Source: MHE) bosbouwwetgeving English: forestry legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the use and conservation of wooded areas, most often those owned by the government itself. (Source: BLD) bosbrand English: forest fire English definition: A conflagration in or destroying large wooded areas having a thick growth of trees and plants. (Source: ISEP) bosecologie English: forest ecology English definition: The science that deals with the relationship of forest trees to their environment, to one another, and to other plants and to animals in the forest. (Source: MGH) bosecosysteem English: forest ecosystem English definition: Any forest environment, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment, in which they live. (Source: GILP96a) bosexploitatie English: forest exploitation English definition: Forests have been exploited over the centuries as a source of wood and for obtaining land for agricultural use. The mismanagement of forest lands and forest resources has led to a situation where the forest is now in rapid retreat. The main aspects of the situation are: serious shortages in the supply of industrial wood; the catastrophic erosion and floods accompanying the stripping of forests from mountainous land; the acute shortages of fuel wood in much of the developing world; the spread of desert conditions at an alarming rate in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world; and the many environmental effects of the destruction of tropical rainforests. (Source: WPR) bosproduct English: forest product English definition: Any material afforded by a forest for commercial use, such as tree products and forage. (Source: MGH) bosproductie English: forest production English definition: Forests produce a range of products including firewood and charcoal, lumber, paper, and crops such as coffee, oil palm, and rubber. With careful planning of growth and harvesting, wood and other forest products are, in principle, renewable resources. But achieving renewability takes time - often decades, sometimes centuries. Without careful management, pressure for short-term exploitation can lead to tree removal, soil degradation, and conversion of woodland to other uses. Consumption of forest resources can lead to environmental problems as well as loss of critical habitat and species. (Source: WRES) bosreservaat English: forest reserve English definition: Forest area set aside for the purpose of protecting certain fauna and flora, or both. (Source: GILP96) botanische kas English: botanical conservatory English definition: Gardens for the conservation of rare species of plants. (Source: RAMADE) botanische tuin English: botanical garden English definition: A place in which plants are grown, studied and exhibited. (Source: CED) bouw English: building industry English definition: The art and technique of building houses. (Source: ZINZAN) bouw English: building bouw met hergebruik-materiaal English: construction with recycled material English definition: Construction with waste product used as raw material. (Source: LANDYa) bouwafval English: building waste English definition: Masonry and rubble wastes arising from the demolition or reconstruction of buildings or other civil engineering structures. bouwbeleid English: construction policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which plans or organizes for the maintenance, development and erection of houses, offices, bridges or other building structures. (Source: OED) bouwgrond English: building land English definition: Area of land suitable for building on. (Source: PHC) bouwmateriaal English: building material English definition: Any material used in construction, such as steel, concrete, brick, masonry, glass, wood, etc. (Source: HARRIS) bouwmaterialenindustrie English: building materials industry bouwnorm English: standard for building industry English definition: A norm or measure applicable in legal cases for any enterprise involved in the construction, remodeling or finishing of enclosed structures for habitation. (Source: BLD) bouwonderdeel; gebouwonderdeel English: building component English definition: A building element which uses industrial products that are manufactured as independent until capable of being joined with other elements. (Source: HARRIS) bouwplaats English: building site English definition: A piece of land on which a house or other building is being built. (Source: CAMB) bouwplanning English: building planning English definition: The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for future construction or reconstruction of edifices and facilities. (Source: RHW) bouwstructuur English: built structure English definition: Any structure made of stone, bricks, wood, concrete, or steel, built with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory. (Source: CEDa / ZINZAN) bouwtechnologie English: building technology bouwtechnologie English: construction technology bouwterrein English: building area English definition: Land and other places on, under, in or through which the temporary and permanent works are to be executed and any other lands or places needed for the purposes of construction. (Source: ECHO1) bouwtoezicht English: supervision of building works English definition: The oversight or direction in the construction and maintenance of houses, facilities, offices and other structures. (Source: RHW) bouwuitrusting English: construction equipment English definition: Heavy power machines which perform specific construction or demolition functions. (Source: MGH) bouwvergunning English: planning permission English definition: An authorization, license or equivalent control document issued by a government agency that approves a step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of action to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives. (Source: TOE / ISEP) bouwvergunning English: building permit English definition: Authorization required by local governmental bodies for the erection of an enclosed structure or for the major alteration or expansion of an existing edifice. (Source: BLD) bouwvoorschrift English: building regulation bovenafdichting English: soil surface sealing English definition: Any activity or process in which ground surface areas are packed or plugged to prevent percolation or the passage of fluids. (Source: SIS / ERG) bovengrondse elektriciteitsleiding English: overhead power line English definition: Suspended cables by which electrical power is distributed throughout a country. (Source: UVAROVa) braakliggend gebied English: fallow area English definition: Land area normally used for crop production but left unsown for one or more growing seasons. (Source: MGH) braakliggend terrein English: fallow land English definition: Arable land not under rotation that is set at rest for a period of time ranging from one to five years before it is cultivated again, or land usually under permanent crops, meadows or pastures, which is not being used for that purpose for a period of at least one year. Arable land which is normally used for the cultivation of temporary crops but which is temporarily used for grazing is included. (Source: ECEST) brakwater English: brackish water English definition: Water, salty between the concentrations of fresh water and sea water; usually 5-10 parts x thousand. (Source: LANDY) brand English: fire English definition: The state of combustion in which inflammable material burns, producing heat, flames and often smoke. (Source: CED) brandbaarheid English: combustibility English definition: The property of a substance of being capable of igniting and burning. (Source: CEDa) brandbare stof English: flammable product English definition: Material having the ability to generate a sufficient concentration of combustible vapors to produce a flame, if ignited. (Source: LEE) brandbescherming English: fire protection English definition: All necessary precautions to see that fire is not initiated, by ensuring that all necessary fire fighting apparatus is in good order and available for use if fire should break out, and by ensuring that personnel are properly trained and drilled in fighting fire. (Source: ECHO1) brandgevaarlijke stof English: inflammable substance English definition: Substance liable to catch fire. (Source: CED) brandstof English: fuel English definition: Solid, liquid, or gaseous material such as gas, gasoline, oil, coal or wood, used to produce heat or power by burning. (Source: LANDY) brandstofadditief English: fuel additive English definition: Substance (such as tetraethyl lead) which is added to petrol to prevent knocking. (Source: PHC) brandstofsamenstelling English: fuel composition brandstoftank English: fuel tank installation English definition: The operating, fuel-storage component of a fuel system. (Source: MGH) brandstofverbruik English: fuel consumption English definition: The amount of fuel utilized. (Source: PHCa) brandveiligheidsvoorschrift English: fire safety requirement English definition: Rules to be followed and safety systems to be adopted for preventing or fighting fire. (Source: RRDA) brandweer English: fire service English definition: Technical organisation with trained personnel for dealing with fires and other incidents and for co-operating in their prevention. (Source: ECHO1) brandwerend middel English: fireproofing agent English definition: A chemical used as a coating for or a component of a combustible material to reduce or eliminate a tendency to burn; used with textiles, plastics, rubbers, paints, and other materials. (Source: MGH) breedtegraad (geografisch) English: latitude English definition: An angular distance in degrees north or south of the equator (latitude 0deg), equal to the angle subtended at the centre of the globe by the meridian between the equator and the point in question. (Source: CED) breuk English: fault English definition: A fracture or a zone of fractures along which there has been displacement of the sides relative to one another parallel to the fracture. (Source: BJGEO) broeden English: brooding English definition: To incubate eggs or cover the young for warmth. (Source: MGH) broedvogel English: breeding bird English definition: The individuals in a bird population that are involved in reproduction during a particular period in a given place. (Source: ALL2a) broeikaseffect English: greenhouse effect English definition: The warming of the Earth's atmosphere caused by the increasing concentration of atmospheric gases, such as water vapour and carbon dioxide. These gases absorb radiation emitted by the Earth, thus slowing down the loss of radiant energy from the Earth back to space. (Source: DUNSTE) broeikasgas English: greenhouse gas English definition: A collective expression for those components of the atmosphere that influence the greenhouse effect, namely carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, ozone, CFCs and water vapour. (Source: GILP96) bron English: spring (hydrology, land) English definition: A place where ground water flows naturally from a rock or the soil onto the land surface or into a body of surface water. (Source: BJGEO) bron English: well English definition: A hole dug into the earth to reach a supply of water, oil, brine or gas. (Source: MGH) bron van (milieu)verontreiniging English: source of pollution English definition: The place, places or areas from where a pollutant is released into the atmosphere or water, or where noise is generated. A source can be classified as point source, i.e. a large individual generator of pollution, an area source, or a line source, e.g. vehicle emissions and noise. (Source: PORT) bronwater English: spring water English definition: Water obtained from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface, or would flow naturally to the surface if it were not collected underground. (Source: WQA) broom English: bromine English definition: A pungent dark red volatile liquid element of the halogen series that occurs in brine and is used in the production of chemicals. (Source: CED) brouwerijnijverheid English: brewing industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of beverages made from malt and hops by steeping, boiling and fermentation, such as beer, ale and other related beverages. (Source: RHW) brug English: bridge English definition: A structure that spans and provides a passage over a road, railway, river, or some other obstacle. (Source: CED) bruinkool English: lignite English definition: Coal of relatively recent origin consisting of accumulated layers of partially decomposed vegetation, intermediate between peat and bituminous coal; often contains patterns from the wood from which it formed. (Source: MGH / CED / WRIGHT) bruinkoolwinning English: lignite mining English definition: Extraction of brown coal from natural deposits; lignite is a brownish-black solid fuel in the second stage in the development of coal. It has a little over half the heating value of bituminous or anthracite coal. (Source: KORENa) bruto binnenlands product English: gross domestic product English definition: The total output of goods and services produced by a national economy in a given period, usually a year, valued at market prices. It is gross, since no allowance is made, for the value of replacement capital goods. (Source: GOOD) bruto nationaal product English: gross national product English definition: Gross domestic product adjusted for foreign transactions, i.e. to the figure for Gross Domestic Product must be added any income accruing to residents of the country arising from investment and other factor earnings abroad and from it must be deducted any income earned in the domestic market by factors owned by foreigners abroad. (Source: GOOD) buideldieren English: marsupial English definition: Type of Australian mammal with a pouch in which the young are carried. Marsupials give birth to young at a much earlier stage of development than other mammals so that the young need to be protected in the mother's pouch for some months until they become able to look after themselves. (Source: PHC) buikvoetigen English: gastropod English definition: Any mollusc of the class Gastropoda, typically having a flattened muscular foot for locomotion and a head that bears stalked eyes. (Source: CED) buis English: stack English definition: The portion of a chimney rising above the roof. (Source: MGH) buitenlands beleid English: foreign policy English definition: The diplomatic policy of a nation in its interactions with other nations. (Source: WEBSTE) buitenlandse economische betrekkingen English: foreign economic relations English definition: Dealing in economic or monetary matters with foreign countries. (Source: OEDa) buitenlandse handel English: foreign trade English definition: Trade between countries and firms belonging to different countries. buitenwijk English: suburb English definition: A residential district situated on the outskirts of a city or town. (Source: CAMB) bulkvervoer English: mass transport (physics) English definition: The movement of matter in a medium. (Source: MGH) burgemeester (B) English: mayor English definition: A governmental figure who is generally the principal administrative officer of a city or other municipal area. (Source: WESTS) burger English: citizen English definition: A native or naturalized member of a state or nation who owes allegiance, bears responsibilities and obtains rights, including protection, from the government. (Source: RHW) burgerbescherming English: civilian protection English definition: The organization and measures, usually under governmental or other authority depending on the country, aimed at preventing, abating or fighting major emergencies for the protection of the civilian population and property, particularly in wartime. (Source: ECHO1) burgerinitiatief English: citizen initiative burgerlijk recht English: civil law English definition: Law inspired by old Roman Law, the primary feature of which was that laws were written into a collection; codified, and not determined, as is common law, by judges. The principle of civil law is to provide all citizens with an accessible and written collection of the laws which apply to them and which judges must follow. (Source: DUHA) burgerluchtvaart English: civil air traffic English definition: Air traffic pertaining to or serving the general public, as distinguished from military air traffic. burgerrechten English: citizen rights English definition: Rights recognized and protected by law, pertaining to the members of a state. (Source: ZINZANa) burgerveiligheid English: civil safety English definition: Actions and measures undertaken, often at a local level, to ensure that citizens of a community are secure from harm, injury, danger or risk. (Source: RHW / OEC) busstation English: bus station English definition: A place along a route or line at which a bus stops for fuel or to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. (Source: CED) buurtverbeteringsplan English: neighbourhood improvement scheme buurtwet English: neighbourhood law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect human health and the environment, manage growth and development or enhance the quality of life in small geographical and social areas within cities where residents share values and concerns and interact with one another on a daily basis. (Source: HUM) cadmium English: cadmium English definition: One of the toxic heavy metal which has caused deaths and permanent illnesses in a series of major pollution incidents around the world. Cadmium has no useful biological purpose. However, it has wide industrial applications. It has been used for decades in metal plating to prevent corrosion, in rechargeable batteries and as a pigment in certain plastics and paints. Special care is taken in the industrial smelting of ores and subsequent handling of cadmium, because occupational exposure is known to have caused heart, chest and kidney disorders. Environmental health problems have come from exposure to various sources of pollution. (Source: WRIGHT) cadmiumvervuiling English: cadmium contamination English definition: The release and presence in the air, water and soil of cadmium, a toxic, metallic element, from sources such as the burning of coal and tobacco and improper disposal of cadmium-containing waste. (Source: FFD / EEN) calcium English: calcium English definition: A malleable silvery-white metallic element of the alkaline hearth group; the fifth most abundant element in the earth crust, occurring especially as forms of calcium carbonate. It is an essential constituent of bones and teeth and is used as a deoxidizer in steel. (Source: CED) Caraibische Zee English: Caribbean Area English definition: A geographical region bordered on the south by South America and Panama, and on the west by Central America, and consisting of the West Indian, and nearby, islands and the Caribbean Sea, a part of the western Atlantic Ocean. (Source: RHW) carbonaat English: carbonate English definition: A salt or ester of carbonic acid. (Source: CED) Cd-rom English: CD-ROM English definition: A compact disc on which a large amount of digitalised read-only data can be stored. Cd-rom zoekdienst English: CD-ROM search service English definition: The provision of special aid by library staff trained to query bibliographic or other information contained on an electronic storage medium, usually to meet the research needs of the library's clients. (Source: RHW / LFS) cel [biologie] English: cell (biology) English definition: The microscopic functional and structural unit of all living organisms, consisting of a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a limiting membrane. (Source: MGH) cel [energie] English: cell (energy) English definition: The basic building block of a battery. It is an electrochemical device consisting of an anode and a cathode in a common electrolyte kept apart with a separator. This assembly may be used in its own container as a single cell battery or be combined and interconnected with other cells in a container to form a multicelled battery. (Source: LEE) cellulose English: cellulose English definition: The main polysaccharide in living plants, forming the skeletal structure of the plant cell wall; a polymer of beta-D-glucose linked together with the elimination of water to form chains of 2000-4000 units. (Source: MGH) cellulose-industrie English: cellulose industry cement English: cement English definition: A dry powder made from silica, alumina, lime, iron oxide, and magnesia which hardens when mixed with water; used as an ingredient in concrete. (Source: MGH) cementindustrie English: cement industry English definition: Industry for the production of cement. The emissions of most relevance from this sector are atmospheric: dust, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the most important. Cement is essential for the construction sector, either directly or mixed with sand or gravel to form concrete. (Source: DOBRIS) cementvervaardiging English: cement manufacture English definition: Cement is produced by heating a mixture of clay or shale plus chalk or lime in a rotary kiln up to 250 m long per 8 m diameter rotating at 1 rpm. The process can be wet, semi-dry or dry and the fuel can be pulverized coal, oil or gas. As the coal ash is similar in composition to the clay or shale, it can stay in the cement clinker. As one of the kiln operator's major costs is fuel and even a modest sized kiln can consume 8-10 tons of coal per hour, the cement kiln could, therefore, solve a disposal problem and also benefit the cement manufacturer by reducing fuel costs. (Source: PORT) Centraal-Afrika English: Central Africa English definition: A geographic region of the African continent close to the equator that includes Cameroon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic of Congo. (Source: OMD / CIA) Centraal-Amerika English: Central America English definition: A narrow continental region of the Western hemisphere, existing as a bridge between North and South America, often considered to be the southern portion of North America, and including countries such as Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. (Source: RHW) Centraal-Azie English: Central Asia English definition: A geographic region of the Asian continent between the Caspian Sea on the west and China on the east, extending northward into the central region of Russia and southward to the northern borders of Iran and Afghanistan, and comprised of independent former republics of the Soviet Union, including Kazakstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. (Source: INP / CIA) centrale regering English: central government English definition: A system in which a governing or administrative body has a certain degree of power or authority to prevail in the management of local, national and international matters. (Source: WAP / BLD) centrale voor gecombineerde electriciteits-en warmteproductie English: combined cycle-power station English definition: This type of plant is flexible in response and can be built in the 100-600 MW capacity range. It produces electrical power from both a gas turbine (ca. 1300degC gas inlet temperature), fuelled by natural gas or oil plus a steam turbine supplied with the steam generated by the 500degC exhaust gases from the gas turbine. The thermal efficiency of these stations is ca. 50 per cent compared with a maximum of 40 per cent from steam turbine coal fired power stations. This type of plant can be built in two years compared with six years for a coal-fired station and 10-15 years for nuclear. (Source: PORT) centralisatie English: centralisation centrifugering English: centrifugation English definition: Separation of particles from a suspension in a centrifuge: balanced tubes containing the suspension are attached to the opposite ends of arms rotating rapidly about a central point; the suspended particles are forced outwards, and collect at the bottoms of the tubes. (Source: UVAROV) cesium English: caesium English definition: A soft silvery-white and highly reactive metal belonging to the alkali group of metals. It is a radiation hazard, because it can occur in two radioactive forms. Caesium-134 is produced in nuclear reactors, not directly by fission, but by the reaction. It emits beta- and gamma-radiation and has a half-life of 2.06 years. Caesium-137 is a fission product of uranium and occurs in the fallout from nuclear weapons. It emits beta- and gamma-rays and has a half-life of 30 years. Caesium-137 was the principal product released into the atmosphere, and hence the food chain, from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and from the Windscale fire and Chernobyl nuclear accidents. After the Chernobyl accident, which spread a radiation cloud across Europe, the European Commission proposed new and more restrictive limits on levels of caesium in food and drinking water. (Source: WRIGHT) Chelicerata English: chelicerate English definition: A subphylum of the phylum Artrophoda; chelicerae are characteristically modified as pincers. (Source: MGH) chemicalie English: chemical English definition: Any substance used in or resulting from a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules. (Source: CED) chemicalien in het milieu English: chemical in the environment English definition: The presence in the environment of any solid, liquid or gaseous material discharged from a process and that may pose substantial hazard to human health and the environment. chemie English: chemistry English definition: The scientific study of the properties, composition, and structure of matter, the changes in structure and composition of matter, and accompanying energy changes. (Source: MGH) chemisch afval English: chemical waste English definition: Any by-product of a chemical process, including manufacturing processes. Often this by-product is considered a toxic or polluting substance. (Source: APD / ERG) chemisch beleid English: chemical policy chemisch product English: chemical product English definition: A substance characterized by definite molecular composition. (Source: MGH) chemisch reinigen English: dry cleaning English definition: To clean fabrics etc. with a solvent other than water. (Source: CED) chemisch risico English: chemical risk English definition: Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by contact with any substance of a defined molecular composition. (Source: APD) chemisch wapen English: chemical weapon English definition: Chemical agents of warfare include all gaseous, liquid or solid chemical substances which might be employed because of their direct toxic effects on man and animals. Chemical weapons also include the chemical's precursors, the munitions and devices designed to deliver them, and any equipment specifically designed for their use in warfare. Nerve agents (chemicals of the same family as organophosphorous insecticides) are the most lethal of the classical chemical warfare agents, killing by poisoning the nervous system and disrupting bodily functions. Other chemical weapons include blister agents, vesicants, choking agents, etc. (Source: WPR) chemische adsorptie English: chemisorption English definition: The process of chemical adsorption. (Source: MGH) chemische analyse English: chemical analysis English definition: The complex of operations aiming to determine the kinds of constituents of a given substance. (Source: ZINZAN) chemische behandeling English: chemical treatment English definition: Processes that alter the chemical structure of the constituents of the waste to produce either an innocuous or a less hazardous material. Chemical processes are attractive because they produce minimal air emissions, they can often be carried out on the site of the waste generator, and some processes can be designed and constructed as mobile units. (Source: PARCOR) chemische behandeling van afval English: chemical treatment of waste chemische bestrijding English: chemical pest control English definition: Control of plants and animals classified as pests by means of chemical compounds. (Source: WPR) chemische corrosiekracht English: chemical corrosivity English definition: The tendency of a metal to wear away another by chemical attack. (Source: MGH) chemische eigenschappen English: chemical property English definition: Properties of a substance depending on the arrangement of the atoms in the molecule, e.g. bio-availability, degradability, persistence, etc. (Source: RRDA) chemische elementen (en hun verbindingen) English: chemical element English definition: A substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number; common examples are hydrogen, gold, and iron. (Source: MGH) chemische fabriek English: chemical plant English definition: Plants where basic raw materials are chemically converted into a variety of products. (Source: MGH) chemische fall-out English: chemical fallout English definition: The sedimentation of chemical substances accumulated in the atmosphere as a result of industrial emissions. (Source: ZINZANa) chemische industrie English: chemical industry English definition: Industry related with the production of chemical compounds. The chemical processing industry has a variety of special pollution problems due to the vast number of products manufactured. The treatment processes combine processing, concentration, separation, extraction, by-product recovery, destruction, and reduction in concentration. The wastes may originate from solvent extraction, acid and caustic wastes, overflows, spills, mechanical loss, etc. (Source: PZ) chemische installatie English: chemical installation English definition: Building where chemicals are manufactured. (Source: PHC) chemische meststof English: chemical fertiliser English definition: Fertilizer manufactured from chemicals; excessive use of them can cause pollution, when all the chemicals are not taken up by the plants and the excess is leached out of the soil into rivers and may cause algal bloom. (Source: PHC) chemische oceanografie English: chemical oceanography chemische ontbinding English: chemical degradation English definition: The act or process of simplifying or breaking down a molecule into smaller parts, either naturally or artificially. (Source: OED) chemische ontsmetting English: chemical decontamination English definition: Removal of chemical substances from a building, a watercourse, a person's clothes, etc. (Source: PHC) chemische processen English: chemical process English definition: The particular method of manufacturing or making a chemical usually involving a number of steps or operations. (Source: KOREN) chemische reacties English: chemical reaction English definition: A change in which a substance is transformed into one or more new substances. (Source: MGH) chemische reductie English: chemical reduction English definition: Chemical reaction in which an element gains an electron. (Source: MGH) chemische samenstelling English: chemical composition English definition: The nature and proportions of the elements comprising a chemical compound. (Source: CED) chemische structuur English: chemical structure English definition: The arrangement of atoms in a molecule of a chemical compound. (Source: CED) chemische technologie English: chemical engineering English definition: The branch of engineering concerned with industrial manufacture of chemical products. It is a discipline in which the principles of mathematical, physical and natural sciences are used to solve problems in applied chemistry. Chemical engineers design, develop, and optimise processes and plants, operate them, manage personnel and capital, and conduct research necessary for new developments. Through their efforts, new petroleum products, plastics, agricultural chemicals, house-hold products, pharmaceuticals, electronic and advanced materials, photographic materials, chemical and biological compounds, various food and other products evolve. (Source: USTa) chemische toevoeging English: chemical addition English definition: Chemical reaction in which one or more of the double bonds or triple bonds in an unsaturated compound is converted to a single bond by the addition of other atoms or groups. (Source: UVAROV) chemische verontreinigende stof English: chemical pollutant chemische vervuiling English: chemical pollution English definition: Pollution caused by substances of chemical nature, including chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, metals as mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, etc. (Source: GILP96) chemische vervuiling English: chemical contamination English definition: The addition or presence of chemicals to, or in, another substance to such a degree as to render it unfit for its intended purpose. Also refers to the result(s) of such an addition or presence. (Source: ISEP) chemische zuurstofverbruik English: chemical oxygen demand English definition: The quantity of oxygen used in biological and non-biological oxidation of materials in water; a measure of water quality. (Source: LANDY) chirurgisch (operatie-)afval English: surgical waste English definition: Any tissue, blood or mucus removed during surgery or autopsy, soiled surgical dressings, or other materials requiring special disposal procedures. (Source: UMT) chloor English: chlorine English definition: A very reactive and highly toxic green, gaseous element, belonging to the halogen family of substances. It is one of the most widespread elements, as it occurs naturally in sea-water, salt lakes and underground deposits, but usually occurs in a safe form as common salt (NaCl). Commercially it is used in large quantities by the chemical industry both as an element to produce chlorinated organic solvents, like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and for the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride plastics, thermoplastic and hypochlorite bleaches. Chlorine was the basis for the organochlorine pesticides, like DDT and other agricultural chemicals that have killed wildlife. The reactivity of chlorine has proved disastrous for the ozone layer and has been the cause of the creation of the ozone hole, which was first detected in the Southern Hemisphere over Antarctica and then over the Northern Hemisphere. (Source: WRIGHT) chloorethenen English: chloroethylene English definition: A flammable, explosive gas with an ethereal aroma; soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water; boils at -14deg C; an important monomer for polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers; used in organic synthesis and in adhesives. (Source: MGH) chloorfenol English: chlorophenol English definition: Major group of chlorinated hydrocarbons, pesticides and biocides which account for a very high percentage of the non-agricultural pesticide use, such as anti-rotting agents in non-woollen textiles and wood preservatives. The chlorophenols act as biocides by inhibiting the respiration and energy-conversion processes of the microorganisms. They are toxic to man above 40 parts per million, to fish above 1 ppm, whilst concentrations as low as one part per thousand million can taint water. (Source: PORT) chloorfluorkoolstof English: chlorofluorocarbon English definition: Gases formed of chlorine, fluorine, and carbon whose molecules normally do not react with other substances; they are therefore used as spray can propellants because they do not alter the material being sprayed. (Source: LANDY) chloorkoolwaterstoffen English: chlorinated hydrocarbon English definition: A class of persistent, broad-spectrum insecticides that linger in the environment and accumulate in the food chain. Among them are DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, lindane, endrin, mirex, hexachloride, and toxaphene. In insects and other animals these compounds act primarily on the central nervous system. They also become concentrated in the fats of organisms and thus tend to produce fatty infiltration of the heart and fatty degeneration of the liver in vertebrates. In fishes they have the effect of preventing oxygen uptake, causing suffocation. They are also known to slow the rate of photosynthesis in plants. Their danger to the ecosystem resides in their rate stability and the fact that they are broad-spectrum poisons which are very mobile because of their propensity to stick to dust particles and evaporate with water into the atmosphere. (Source: EPAGLO / PORT) chlor(er)en English: chlorination English definition: The application of chlorine to water, sewage or industrial wastes for disinfection or other biological or chemical purposes. (Source: ALL) chloride English: chloride English definition: A compound which is derived from hydrochloric acid and contains the chlorine atom in the -1 oxidation state. (Source: MGH) chlorofyl English: chlorophyll English definition: A green pigment, present in algae and higher plants, that absorbs light energy and thus plays a vital role in photosynthesis. Except in Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), chlorophyll is confined to chloroplasts. There are several types of chlorophyll, but all contain magnesium and iron. Some plants (e.g., brown algae, red algae, copper beech trees) contain additional pigments that masks the green of their chlorophyll. (Source: ALL) Chordata English: chordate English definition: The highest phylum in the animal kingdom, characterized by a notochord, nerve cord, and gill slits; includes the urochordate, lancelets and vertebrates. (Source: MGH) chorologie English: chorology English definition: The study of the causal relations between geographical phenomena occurring within a particular region. (Source: CED) chromatografie English: chromatography English definition: A method of separating and analyzing mixtures of chemical substances by selective adsorption in a column of powder or on a strip of paper. (Source: MGH) chromatografische analyse English: chromatographic analysis English definition: The analysis of chemical substances that are poured into a vertical glass tube containing an adsorbent where the various components of the substance move through the adsorbent at different rates of speed according to their degree of attraction to it, thereby producing bands of color at different levels of the adsorption column. (Source: KOREN) chroom English: chromium English definition: A hard grey metallic element that takes a high polish, occurring principally in chromite: used in steel alloys and electroplating to increase hardness and corrosion-resistance. (Source: CED) cinematografische film English: cinematographic film English definition: Any motion picture of a story, drama, episode or event, often considered as an art form or used as a medium for entertainment. (Source: OED) classificatie English: classification English definition: An arrangement or organization of persons, items or data elements into groups by reason of common attributes, characteristics, qualities or traits. (Source: RHW) classificatie op basis van het grondgebruik English: land use classification English definition: The arrangement of land units into a variety of categories based on the properties of the land or its suitability for a particular purpose. It has become an important tool in rural land-resource planning. (Source: WHIT) climax English: climax English definition: A botanical term referring to the terminal community said to be achieved when a sere (a sequential development of a plant community or group of plant communities on the same site over a period of time) achieves dynamic equilibrium with its environment and in particular with its prevailing climate. Each of the world's major vegetation climaxes is equivalent to a biome. Many botanists believe that climate is the master factor in a plant environment and that even if several types of plant succession occur in an area they will all tend to converge towards a climax form of vegetation. (Source: WHIT) code English: code English definition: A systematic collection, compendium or revision of laws, rules, or regulations. A private or official compilation of all permanent laws in force consolidated and classified according to subject matter. Many states have published official codes of all laws in force, including the common law and statutes as judicially interpreted, which have been compiled by code commissions and enacted by the legislatures. (Source: WESTS) codificatie English: codification English definition: The process of collecting and arranging systematically, usually by subject, the laws of a state or country, or the rules and regulations covering a particular area or subject of law or practice. (Source: WESTS) cokes English: coke English definition: A coherent, cellular, solid residue remaining from the dry distillation of a coking coal or of pitch, petroleum, petroleum residue, or other carbonaceous materials; contains carbon as its principal constituent. (Source: MGH) colibacterien English: coliform bacterium English definition: A group of bacteria that are normally abundant in the intestinal tracts of human and other warm-blooded animals and are used as indicators (being measured as the number of individuals found per millilitre of water) when testing the sanitary quality of water. (Source: ALL) colloidale toestand English: colloidal state English definition: A system of particles in a dispersion medium, with properties distinct from those of a true solution because of the larger size of the particles. The presence of these particles can often be detected by means of the ultramicroscope. (Source: UVAROV) colloide English: colloid English definition: An intimate mixture of two substances, one of which, called the dispersed phase, is uniformly distributed in a finely divided state through the second substance, called the dispersion medium. (Source: MGH) colorimetrie English: colourimetry English definition: Any technique by which an unknown colour is evaluated in terms of standard colours; the technique may be visual, photoelectric or indirect by means of spectrophotometry. (Source: MGH) Colubriden English: colubrid English definition: Any snakes of the family of Colubridae, including many harmless snakes, such as the grass snake and whip belonging to the Colubridae. (Source: CED) combinatie land- en bosbouw English: agroforestry English definition: The interplanting of farm crops and trees, especially leguminous species. In semiarid regions and on denuded hillsides, agroforestry helps control erosion and restores soil fertility, as well as supplying valuable food and commodities at the same time. (Source: ALL) commercialisatie English: commercialisation English definition: Holding or displaying for sale, offering for sale, selling, delivering or placing on the market in any other form. (Source: ECHO1) commerciele verspreiding English: distributive trade English definition: Distribution of material goods to consumers, through retailing and wholesaling. (Source: GOODa) communicatie English: communications English definition: The concept, science, technique and process of transmitting, receiving or otherwise exchanging information and data. communicatiebeleid English: communications policy English definition: Measures and practices adopted by governments relating to the management of communication media. (Source: RRDA) communicatie-industrie English: communications industry communicatiemiddelen English: means of communication English definition: The agents, instruments, methods or resources used to impart or interchange thoughts, opinions or information. (Source: RHW) communicatiesysteem English: communications system English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources designed to exchange information and data by means of mutually understood symbols. (Source: ISEP / RHW) compenserende belasting English: compensatory tax English definition: Compulsory charge levied by a government for the purpose of redressing or countervailing economic disparity. (Source: ISEP / RHW) compenserende maatregel English: compensatory measure English definition: Any administrative or legislative action, procedure or enactment designed to redress disruptions of ecological integrity or damage to the supply of natural resources. (Source: BLD / RHW) complexering English: complex formation English definition: Formation of a complex compound. Also known as complexing or complexation. (Source: MGH) complexvormer English: complexing agent English definition: A substance capable of forming a complex compound with another material in solution. (Source: MGH) compost English: compost English definition: A mixture of decaying organic matter used to fertilize and condition the soil. (Source: MGH) compost uit afval en (riool)slib English: refuse-sludge compost English definition: Compost derived by the biodegradation of the organic constituents of solid wastes and wastewater sludges. The major public health issues associated with composting using solid wastes mixed with sewage sludge are pathogens, heavy metal, and odors. The heat generated during composting, as a result of the activities of thermophilic organisms, is capable of killing bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths present in sewage sludge. The metallic elements in sludge of greatest concern to human health are cadmium, lead, arsenic, selenium, and mercury. Only cadmium is normally found in sewage sludge at levels which, when applied to soils, can be absorbed by plants, and accumulate in edible parts, thereby entering the food chain. (Source: CORBIT) composteerbaar afval English: compostable waste English definition: Waste consisting largely of biodegradable organic matter. composteren English: composting English definition: The natural biological decomposition of organic material in the presence of air to form a humus-like material. Controlled methods of composting include mechanical mixing and aerating, ventilating the materials by dropping them through a vertical series of aerated chambers, or placing the compost in piles out in the open air and mixing it or turning it periodically. (Source: LEE) compostering door de producent English: composting by producer concentratie [proces] English: concentration (process) English definition: The process of increasing the quantity of a component in a solution. The opposite of dilution. (Source: CED) concentratie [waarde] English: concentration (value) English definition: In solutions, the mass, volume, or number of moles of solute present in proportion to the amount of solvent or total solution. (Source: MGH) concentratie van nederzettingen English: settlement concentration English definition: The distribution or total amount of communities, villages and houses within a specified geographic area. (Source: RHW) concurrentie (economisch) English: economic competition English definition: The market condition where an individual or firm that wants to buy or sell a commodity or service has a choice of possible suppliers or customers. (Source: ODE) concurrentie [biologisch] English: competition (biological) English definition: The simultaneous demand by two or more organisms or species for an essential common resource that is actually or potentially in limited supply. (Source: LBC) concurrentiebeperking English: restriction on competition English definition: Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically nulland void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: '1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG) concurrentierecht English: competition law English definition: That part of the law dealing with matters such as those arising from monopolies and mergers, restrictive trading agreements, resale price maintenance and agreements involving distortion of competition affected by EU rules. (Source: CURZON) concurrentievermogen English: competitiveness English definition: The ability of a firm to strive in the market with rivals in the production and sale of commodities or services and, analogously, the ability of a country to maintain a relatively high standard of living for its citizens through trade in international markets. (Source: http://www.indiana.edu/~ipe/glossry.html / OED) concurrentievervalsing English: distortion of competition English definition: Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically nulland void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: '1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG) condensatie English: condensation (process) English definition: Transformation from a gas to a liquid. (Source: MGH) Conferentie van Rio English: Rio Conference English definition: Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, during which the Rio Declaration, a 27-page document, was approved, laying down broad principles of environmentally-sound development. The principal outcomes of the Summit were a declaration, conventions on controlling climate change and preserving biological diversity, and a lengthy agenda outlining the extent of global environmental problems and the measures needed to tackle them in order to achieve the agreed goal of 'sustainable development'. Opinion was divided as to how far the conference could be termed a success. Many environmentalists stressed its failure to set binding targets for resolving environmental problems, and to address adequately the links between third world poverty and environmental degradation. Others, such as many of the world leaders who attended the conference stressed that it should be seen as a first step towards sustainable development, and an important acknowledgment of the seriousness of the problem and of the fact that global co-operation is needed to overcome it. (Source: PHC) Conferentie van Stockholm English: Stockholm Conference English definition: The UN Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm in 1972 attended by representatives of nations. Declarations were made aimed at protection of the environment, and the concept of the UN body the United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP, was agreed. An anniversary conference was held in Stockholm in 1982 on 'acidity in the environment'. (Source: BRACK) congres English: congress English definition: A formal meeting, often consisting of representatives of various organizations, that is assembled to promote, discuss or make arrangements regarding a particular subject or some matter of common interest. (Source: RHW) contactgeluid English: structure-borne noise English definition: Sound that travels over at least part of its path by means of the vibration of a solid structure. (Source: CONFER) container English: container English definition: A large case that can be transported by truck and than easily loaded on a ship. (Source: PHC) continent English: continent English definition: A protuberance of the earth's crustal shell, with an area of several million square miles and sufficient elevation so that much of it above sea level. (Source: MGH) continentaal plat English: continental shelf English definition: The gently sloping seabed of the shallow water nearest to a continent, covering about 45 miles from the shore and deepening over the sloping sea floor to an average depth of 400 ft. It continues until it reaches the continental slope. The continental shelf contains most of the important fishing grounds and a range of resources, including gas and oil, sand and gravel. However, the shelf is, in general, a structural extension of the continent, and so may also be a source of minerals found in that region, such as tin, gold and platinum. (Source: WRIGHT) continue belasting English: continuous load English definition: The amount or quantity of polluting material found in a transporting agent that flows at a steady rate, in contrast to a sudden or dramatic influx. (Source: APD) contourbouw English: contour farming English definition: The performing of cultivations along lines connecting points of equal elevation so reducing the loss of top soil by erosion, increasing the capacity of the soil to retain water and reducing the pollution of water by soil. (Source: ALLa) controle op seismische activiteit English: seismic monitoring English definition: The gathering of seismic data from an area. (Source: BJGEO) controle op teratogenese English: teratogenesis screening controle van de zee English: marine monitoring English definition: The assessment of marine pollution by an integrated chemical, ecological and toxicological survey. (Source: ENVAR) controle-apparatuur English: monitoring equipment English definition: Specific equipment used in remote sensing. (Source: RRDA) controlenorm voor bestrijdingsmiddelen English: pesticide control standard English definition: A norm or measure applicable in legal cases pertaining to the production, dissemination or use of substances designed to mitigate or eliminate insects or small animals that harm vegetation. (Source: BLD / TOE) controlerende instantie English: controlling authority English definition: The power of a person or an organized assemblage of persons to manage, direct, superintend, restrict, regulate, govern, administer or oversee. (Source: BLD) Conventie inzake de internationale handel in bedreigde in het wild levende dier-en plantesoorten English: Washington species protection convention English definition: A Convention adopted in 1973, providing for the regulation of trade in whole plants and animals, dead or alive, and their readily recognizable parts and derivatives. Excessive international trade has contributed directly to the decline of many wild population of rare and endangered species. The Convention states that a protected species may not be the subject of international trade without a permit granted under the CITES procedures. (Source: GILP96) Conventie van Bazel English: Basel Convention English definition: The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary movements on hazardous wastes and their disposal was an agreement drawn up under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It came into effect in May 1992 and was adopted by 116 governments and the European Community. Its main aim was to impose strict controls on the trans-border transport of hazardous wastes, and on their disposal. It gives developing countries the right to turn away shipments of hazardous waste from their shores. It means that a country exporting substances that it considers hazardous has to get permission for their delivery from the proposed importer, who then has 60 days to issue a 'prior informed consent'. The ultimate goal of the convention is to cut the generation of hazardous wastes to a minimum. (Source: WRIGHT) Conventie van Bern English: Bern Convention English definition: Name given to the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. It aims to protect all forms of endangered wildlife in specified parts of Europe. (Source: WRIGHT) Conventie van Geneve English: Geneva Convention English definition: A Convention initiated by the UN ECE for the purpose of curbing the incidence of acid rain arising from the long range transportation of pollutants, most notably sulphur dioxide. The Convention was signed in 1979 and came into effect in 1983. Basically, it was a statement of desirable objectives without numerical limits. In 1983 the Nordic Countries proposed a 30% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions in all member countries to be achieved by 1993. The move was welcomed by most member countries. Regulations began to be introduced requiring power plants to be equipped with high-performance gas scrubbers, unless being retired by 1993. (Source: GILP96) Conventie van Lome English: Lome Convention English definition: The Lome Conventions are multilateral trade and development agreements between the EU and the 70 ACP countries. They give the ACP countries associated status with the EU, offering them not only financial assistance but also substantial trading advantages on exports to the EU. The Conventions are the heart of the EU's development policy. Lome I was concluded in 1975, running for five years; it was followed by Lome II (1980), Lome III (1985) and finally Lome IV in 1990, which will run for 10 years, with a budget of ECU 13.2 billion over the first five years. The main focus of the Convention is the long-term development of the countries involved. Lome IV also incorporates agreements for the protection of human rights and the development of democracy. (Source: INFREG) Conventie van Ramsar English: Ramsar Convention English definition: The Convention's broad aims are to halt the worldwide loss of wetlands and to conserve, through wise use and management, those that remain. There are currently over 80 countries which are Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention covering 75% of the world's lands. The Ramsar Convention Bureau, based at Gland in Switzerland, provides secretariat support for the implementation of the treaty. The Bureau is funded by annual contributions from each of the contracting countries. Every three years a Conference of Contracting Parties is held where the activities of the Convention are reviewed andnew policies and initiatives are set. (Source: ANBG) conventionele [niet-nucleaire] energie English: conventional energy English definition: Power provided by traditional means such as coal, wood, gas, etc., as opposed to alternative energy sources such as solar power, tidal power, wind power, etc. (Source: PHC) coordinatenstelsel English: co-ordinate system English definition: A reference system used to measure horizontal and vertical distances on a planimetric map. A coordinate system is usually defined by a mapprojection, a spheroid of reference, a datum, one or more standard parallels, a central meridian, and possible shifts in the x- and y-directions to locate x, y positions of point, line, and area features. A common coordinate system is used to spatially register geographic data for the same area. (Source: ESRI) coordinatie English: co-ordination corrosie English: corrosion English definition: A process in which a solid, especially a metal, is eaten away and changed by a chemical action. (Source: CED) corrosiegraad van water English: water corrosivity English definition: Complex series of reactions between the water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. Thecorrosion process is an oxidation/reduction reaction that returns refined or processed metal to their more stable ore state. With respect to thecorrosion potential of drinking water, the primary concerns include the potential presence of toxic metals , such as lead and copper. (Source: WILKES) cosmetica-industrie English: cosmetic industry English definition: Industry for the production of substances for improving the appearance of the body. (Source: CEDa) coulisselandschap English: bocage English definition: The wooded countryside characteristic of northern France, with small irregular-shaped fields and many hedges and copses. In the French language the word bocage refers both to the hedge itself and to a landscape consisting of hedges. Bocage landscapes usually have a slightly rolling landform, and are found mainly in maritime climates. Being a small-scale, enclosed landscape, the bocage offers much variations in biotopes, with habitats for birds, small mammals, amphibians, reptiles and butterflies. (Source: CED / DOBRIS) criminaliteit English: criminality English definition: A violation of the law, punishable by the State in criminal proceedings. (Source: WEBSTEa) crisisbeheer English: crisis management English definition: The technique, practice or science of handling or controlling situations of acute difficulty, danger or instability; or the total of measures taken to provide a solution for political, economic, environmental or other similar dangers and conflicts. (Source: ISEP) cultureel erfgoed English: cultural heritage English definition: The inherited body of beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge that has been transmitted by ancestors. (Source: RHW) culturele ontwikkeling English: cultural development English definition: The process whereby the capabilities or possibilities inherent in a people's beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge are brought out or made more effective. (Source: PPP / RHW) culturele voorziening English: cultural facility English definition: Any building or structure used for programs or activities involving the arts or other endeavors that encourage refinement or development of the mind. (Source: WCD / OED) culturelel goederen English: cultural goods cultuurbeleid English: cultural policy cultuurindicator English: cultural indicator English definition: Cultural indicators give information about societies, which may be interesting even when one is not trying to evaluate the cultures of thesesocieties from any normative point of view. Cultural indicators may also have an evaluative purpose involving explicit or implicit normative criteria. (Source: UNESCO) cultuurplant English: cultivated plant English definition: Plants specially bred or improved by cultivation. (Source: CED) cyanaat English: cyanate English definition: A salt or ester of cyanic acid containing the radical OCN. (Source: MGH) cyanide English: cyanide English definition: Any of a group of compounds containing the CN group and derived from hydrogen cyanide, HCN. (Source: MGH) cycloalifatische koolwaterstof English: alicyclic hydrocarbon English definition: A class of organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms joined to form one or more rings and having the properties of both aliphatic and cyclic substances. (Source: MGH / RRDA) cytologie English: cytology English definition: A branch of the biological sciences which deals with the structure, behaviour, growth, and reproduction of cells and the functions and chemistry of cell components. (Source: MGH) cytotoxiciteit English: cytotoxicity English definition: The degree to which an agent possesses a specific destructive action on certain cells or the possession of such action; used particularly in referring to the lysis of cells by immune phenomena and to antineoplastic drugs that selectively kill dividing cells. dagbouw English: opencast mining English definition: Extracting metal ores and minerals that lie near the surface by removing the overlying material and breaking and loading the ore. (Source: MGH) dagbouw English: strip mining English definition: Superficial mining, in which the valuable rock is exposed by removal of overburden. Coal, numerous nonmetals and metalliferous ores (iron and copper) are worked in this way. Sinonym: strip mining, opencast mining, openpit mining. (Source: BJGEO) dal English: valley English definition: Any low-lying land bordered by higher ground; especially an elongate, relatively large, gently sloping depression of the Earth's surface, commonly situated between two mountains or between ranges of hills or mountains, and often containing a stream with an outlet. It is usually developed by stream erosion, but may be formed by faulting. (Source: BJGEO) dam English: dam English definition: Structure constructed across a watercourse or stream channel. (Source: LANDY) damp English: fume English definition: Solids in the air that have been generated by the condensation of vapors, chemical reactions or sublimation (a direct change from solid to gas). Often metallic oxides or metals, these particles are less than 1 micrometer in diameter and may be toxic. (Source: ALL) dampspanning English: vapour pressure English definition: The partial pressure of water vapour in the atmosphere. For a liquid or solid, the pressure of the vapour in equilibrium with the liquid or solid. (Source: MGH) DDT English: DDT English definition: A persistent organochlorine insecticide, also known as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, that was introduced in the 1940s and used widely because of its persistence (meaning repeated applications were unnecessary), its low toxicity to mammals and its simplicity and cheapness of manufacture. It became dispersed all over the world and, with other organochlorines, had a disruptive effect on species high in food chains, especially on the breeding success of certain predatory birds. DDT is very stable, relatively insoluble in water, but highly soluble in fats. Health effects on humans are not clear, but it is less toxic than related compounds. It is poisonous to other vertebrates, especially fish, and is stored in the fatty tissue of animals as sublethal amounts of the less toxic DDE. Because of its effects on wildlife its use in most countries is now forbidden or strictly limited. (Source: MGH / ALL) de drie principes van milieubeleid English: trinity of principles English definition: Three fundamental principles of environmental policy: precautionary principle, polluter pays-principle and cooperation principle. (Source: RRDA) de gezamenlijke genen (van een soort) English: genetic pool English definition: The total number of genes or the amount of genetic information possessed by all the reproductive members of a population of sexually reproducing organisms. (Source: ALL2) de invloed van veranderingen in het klimaat English: climatic effect English definition: Climate has a central influence on many human needs and activities, such as agriculture, housing, human health, water resources, and energy use. The influence of climate on vegetation and soil type is so strong that the earliest climate classification schemes where often based more on these factors than on the meteorological variables. While technology can be used to mitigate the effects of unfavorable climatic conditions, climate fluctuations that result in significant departures from normal cause serious problems for modern industrialized societies as much as for primitive ones. The goals of climatology are to provide a comprehensive description of the Earth's climate, to understand its features in terms of fundamental physical principles, and to develop models of the Earth's climate that will allow the prediction of future changes that may result from natural and human causes. (Source: PARCOR) de kosten van het opwekken van elektriciteit English: electricity generation cost English definition: The value or amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of charged ion current used as a power source. (Source: EFP / OED) de toestand van het milieu English: state of the environment English definition: Condition and trends of different environmental compartments and systems, as regards the influence of human populations, the consumption of non-renewable resources and sustainable development. (Source: RRDA) de verhoging van de efficientie English: improvement of efficiency English definition: The beneficial development or progress in the volume of output that is achieved in terms of productivity and input, or in getting the maximum possible output from given or allocated resources. (Source: ODE) decentralisatie English: decentralisation English definition: Basic organizational leadership concept and process of shifting and delegating power and authority from a higher level to subordinate levels within the administrative/managerial hierarchy in order to promote independence, responsibility, and quicker decision-making in applying or interpreting policies and procedures to the needs of these levels. decibel English: decibel English definition: A unit used to express relative difference on power, usually between acoustic or electric signals, equal to ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the two level. (Source: AMHER) deelname English: participation English definition: The act of sharing or taking part in a civic, community or public action. (Source: RHW) deelname van het publiek English: public participation English definition: The involvement, as an enfranchised citizen, in public matters, with the purpose of exerting influence. (Source: NRW) deeltje English: particle English definition: 1) Any very small part of matter, such as a molecule, atom, or electron. 2) Any relatively small subdivision of matter, ranging in diameter from a few angstroms to a few millimeters. (Source: MGH) deeltjesscheider English: particle separator English definition: A device for segregation of solid particles by size range, as a screening. (Source: MGH) degeneratie (biologisch) English: devolution English definition: The act of assigning or entrusting authority, powers or functions to another as deputy or agent, typically to a subordinate in the administrative structure of an organization or institution. (Source: RHW) dekking (door een verzekering) English: insurance coverage English definition: The protection provided against risks or a risk, often as specified by the type of protection or the item being protected. (Source: RHW) deklaag English: coating English definition: A material applied onto or impregnated into a substrate for protective, decorative, or functional purposes. Such materials include, but are not limited to, paints, varnishes, sealers, adhesives, thinners, diluents, and inks. (Source: LEE) delfstof English: mineral English definition: A naturally occurring substance with a characteristic chemical composition expressed by a chemical formula; may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other material or rock. (Source: MGH) delfstofafzetting English: mineral deposit English definition: A mass of naturally occurring mineral material, e.g. metal ores or nonmetallic mineral, usually of economic value, without regard to mode of origin. (Source: BJGEO) delfstoffen English: mineral resource English definition: Valuable mineral deposits of an area that are presently recoverable and may be so in the future; includes known ore bodies and potential ore. (Source: MGH) delfstoffenindustrie English: mineral industry English definition: Industry for the exploitation of minerals from soil deposits by underground excavations or open workings, employing adequate plants and equipment. (Source: FLGISA) delfstoffenwinning English: mineral extraction English definition: The process of extracting metallic or nonmetallic mineral deposits from the Earth. (Source: BJGEO) delta English: delta English definition: A delta is a vast, fan-shaped creation of land, or low-lying plain, formed from successive layers of sediment washed from uplands to the mouth of some rivers, such as the Nile, the Mississippi and the Ganges. The nutrient-rich sediment is deposited by rivers at the point where, or before which, the river flows into the sea. Deltas are formed when rivers supply and deposit sediments more quickly that they can be removed by waves of ocean currents. The importance of deltas was first discovered by prehistoric man, who was attracted to them because of their abundant animal and plant life. Connecting waterways through the deltas later provided natural routes for navigation and trade, and opened up access to the interior. Deltas are highly fertile and often highly populated areas. They would be under serious threat of flooding from any sea-level rise. (Source: WRIGHT) demineralisatie van water English: water demineralisation English definition: The removal of minerals from water by chemical, ion-exchange, or distillation procedures. (Source: MGH) democratie English: democracy English definition: A system of governance in which ultimate authority power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their freely elected agents. (Source: APS) demografie English: demography English definition: The statistical study of human vital statistics and population dynamics. (Source: LANDY) demografische evolutie English: demographic evolution English definition: The gradual pattern of change in the growth of human populations in a particular region or country, from a rapid increase in the birth and death rates to a leveling off in the growth rate due to reduced fertility and other factors. (Source: DOE / ANT) demografische ontwikkeling English: demographic development English definition: Growth in the number of individuals of a population. (Source: ZINZANa) dendrochronologie English: dendrochronology English definition: The science of dating the age of a tree by studying annual growth rings. It is also employed to interpret previous environments and climatic variations by examining certain kinds of trees. It is based on the theory that the width of the growth ring reflects the amount of rainfall and the temperature of the year in which it was formed. (Source: WRIGHT) dendrometrie English: dendrometry English definition: The measuring of the diameter of standing trees from the ground with a dendrometer that can also be used to measure tree heights. (Source: DUNSTE) denitrificatie English: denitrification English definition: 1) The loss of nitrogen from soil by biological or chemical means. It is a gaseous loss, unrelated to loss by physical processes such as through leachates. 2) The breakdown of nitrates by soil bacteria, resulting in the release of free nitrogen. This process takes place under anaerobic conditions, such as are found in water-logged soil, and it reduces soil fertility. (Source: WRIGHT / ALL) denitrificatie van afvalgas English: denitrification of waste gas English definition: Current methods for controlling NOx emissions in motor vehicles include retardation of spark timing, increasing the air/fuel ratio, injecting water into the cylinders, decreasing the compression ratio, and recirculating exhaust gas. For stationary sources, one abatement method is to use a lower NOx producing fuel or to modify the combustion process by injecting steam into the combustion chamber. (Source: PZ) deregulering English: deregulation English definition: The removal or relaxation of government control over the economic activities of some commercial entity, industry or economic sector. (Source: ODE) dermapterans English: dermapteran desorptie English: desorption English definition: The process of removing a sorbed substance by the reverse of adsorption or absorption. (Source: MGH) detailhandel English: retail trade English definition: The sale of goods to ultimate consumers, usually in small quantities. deviezenbeleid English: exchange policy English definition: Course of action or procedure by government, business, or an individual concerning trade activities. (Source: ISEP / RHW) dialyse English: dialysis English definition: A process of selective diffusion through a membrane; usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not. (Source: MGH) diatomeeen English: diatom English definition: Unicellular algae, some of which are colonial, green or brownish in colour (but all contain chlorophyll) and with siliceous and often highly sculptured cell walls. Diatoms make up much of the producer level in marine and freshwater food chains, and they have contributed to the formation of oil reserves. Deposits of diatomaceous earths were formed by the accumulation of diatom cell walls. (Source: ALL) dichtheid English: density English definition: The mass of unit volume of a substance. (Source: UVAROV) dichting English: seal (technical) English definition: Any device or system that creates a nonleaking union between two mechanical or process-system elements. (Source: MGH) didactiek English: didactics English definition: The art or science of teaching. (Source: CED) dienstverlenende bedrijvigheid English: services providing company dienstverleningsgebied English: service area English definition: The area served by a particular public facility such as school, library, police station, park, etc. (Source: LANDY) diepzee English: deep sea English definition: Region of open ocean beyond the continental shelf. (Source: ECHO1) diepzee-afzetting English: deep sea deposit diepzeemijnbouw English: deep sea mining English definition: The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits , are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England. (Source: PARCOR / ERIB) diepzeestorting English: deep-sea disposal English definition: The disposal of solid waste or sludge by carrying the wastes out to sea, usually in a barge, and dumping into deep water. (Source: WWC) diepzeevisserij; zeevisserij English: deep sea fishing English definition: Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea. (Source: PHC) dieren [algemeen, niet systematisch] English: animal English definition: Any living organism characterized by voluntary movement, the possession of cells with noncellulose cell walls and specialized sense organs enabling rapid response to stimuli, and the ingestion of complex organic substances such as plants and other animals. (Source: CED) dieren(door)gang English: animal corridor English definition: Line corridors (roads, paths, and hedgerows) which lack interior habitat but may serve as movement groups for organisms. Corridors may also provide an efficient migratory pathway for animals. The presence or absence of breaks in a corridor may be a very important factor in determining the effectiveness of its conduit and barrier functions. (Source: PARCOR) dierenasiel English: animal shelter English definition: A protection providing housing for animals in bad weather. (Source: RRDA) dierenbescherming English: animal protection English definition: Precautionary actions or procedures taken to prevent or reduce the harm to sentient, non-human species, posed, in most cases, by humans. (Source: ONE / RHW) dierenbescherming English: protection of animals dierenbiologie English: animal biology English definition: The scientific study of the natural processes of animals. (Source: CAMBa) dierenecologie English: animal ecology English definition: A study of the relationships of animals to their environment. (Source: MGH) dierenfysiologie English: animal physiology English definition: Study of the normal processes and metabolic functions of animal organisms. (Source: LBC) dierengedrag English: animal behaviour English definition: Behaviour of animals in their normal environment, including all the processes, both internal and external, by which they respond to changes in their environment. (Source: ALL2) dierengeluid English: animal noise English definition: Noise caused by animals such as dogs kept in kennels or in private homes as pets. (Source: RRDA) dierenhabitat English: animal habitat English definition: The locality in which an animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which an animal is found. (Source: WRIGHT) dierenhandel English: animal trade English definition: The process or act of exchanging, buying or selling animals, especially livestock. (Source: RHW) dierenhuisvesting English: animal housing English definition: Any kind of shelter, refuge affording protection to animals. (Source: CEDa) dierenleven English: animal life dierenoversteekplaats English: crossing place for animals English definition: Bridges and tunnels provided for animals for crossing roads and railways. Railway and road infrastructures represent an hindrance to wildlife migration. (Source: DOBRIS) dierenpopulatie English: animal population English definition: A group of animals inhabiting a given area. (Source: CED) dierenproef English: animal experiment English definition: Investigation carried out in animals for research purposes. (Source: LEEa) dierenrechten English: animal rights English definition: Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to sentient, non-human species, including freedom from abuse, consumption, experimentation, use as clothing or performing for human entertainment. (Source: ONE / RHW) dierenreservaat English: animal conservatory English definition: Areas for the conservation of rare or endangered animal species. (Source: RAMADE) dierenstand English: animal resource dierentuin English: zoological garden English definition: Area in which animals, especially wild animals, are kept so that people can go and look at them, or study them. (Source: CAMB) dierenvoeder English: animal foodstuff English definition: Any crops or other food substances for animal consumption. (Source: MGHa) dierenvoeding English: animal nutrition English definition: Ingestion, digestion and/or assimilation of food by animals. (Source: LBC) dierenziekte English: animal disease diergeneeskunde English: veterinary medicine English definition: The branch of medical practice which treats of the diseases and injuries of animals. (Source: MGH) dierlijk afval English: animal waste English definition: Discarded material from industries directly associated with the raising of animals, such as those wastes produced by livestock farming (manure, milk, etc.), meat production and animal testing (animal bodies, animal parts, feathers, etc.) and fur breeding (fur, blood, etc.). (Source: AWM) dierlijk erfgoed English: animal heritage English definition: The sum of the earth's or a particular region's non-human, non-vegetable, multicellular organisms viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially animal species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction. (Source: OED) dierlijk product English: animal product dierlijke erfelijkheidsleer English: animal genetics English definition: The scientific study of the hereditary material of animals for theoretical and practical applications such as increased population, conservation and disease research. (Source: EEN) dierlijke mest English: animal manure English definition: Animal excreta collected from stables and barnyards with or without litter; used to enrich the soil. (Source: MGH) dierlijke productie English: animal production dierlijke resten English: animal remain English definition: Any substances or components left over from animal life, including body parts and, later, decomposed materials. (Source: RHW) dierlijke uitwerpselen English: animal excrement English definition: Waste matter discharged from the body of an animal. (Source: CED) dierlijke uitwerpselen als brandstof English: animal dung as fuel English definition: Excrement from animals that may be dried and burned to generate energy or converted to liquid or gaseous fuels, such as methane, through chemical processes. (Source: GET) dierlijke voortplanting English: animal reproduction English definition: Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal produces one or more individuals similar to itself. (Source: CED) diersoorten English: animal species English definition: Species belonging to the animal kingdom. (Source: RRDA) dieselmotor English: diesel engine English definition: An internal combustion engine operating on a thermodynamic cycle in which the ratio of compression of the air charge is sufficiently high to ignite the fuel subsequently injected into the combustion chamber. (Source: MGH) dieselolie English: diesel fuel English definition: Heavy oil residue used as fuel for certain types of diesel engines. (Source: MGH) differentiatie English: differentiation English definition: The development of cells so that they are capable of performing specialized functions in the organs and tissues of the organisms to which they belong. (Source: UVAROV) diffuse bron English: diffuse source English definition: Pollution which arises from various activities with no discrete source. (Source: GRAHAW) diffuse verontreiniging English: diffuse pollution English definition: Pollution from widespread activities with no one discrete source, e.g. acid rain, pesticides, urban run-off etc. (Source: HGD) diffusie English: diffusion English definition: The spontaneous movement and scattering of particles (atoms and molecules), of liquid, gases, and solids. (Source: MGH) digitaal beeldverwerkingssysteem English: image processing digital system English definition: A coordinated assemblage of computer devices designed to capture and manipulate pictures stored as data in discrete, quantized units or digits. (Source: GIS) digitaal terreinmodel English: digital land model English definition: A representation of a surface's topography stored in a numerical format. Each pixel has been assigned coordinates and an altitude. (Source: CCRS) digitale beeldverwerkingstechniek English: digital image processing technique English definition: Techniques employed in the calibration of image data, the correction or reduction of errors occurring during capture or transmission of the data and in various types of image enhancement-operations which increase the ability of the analyst to recognize features of interest. (Source: YOUNG) digitaliseren English: digitising English definition: The process of converting data to a form used in computers, transmitted or stored with digital technology and expressed as a string of 0's and 1's. (Source: WIC) dijk English: dyke English definition: An artificial wall, embankment, ridge, or mound, usually of earth or rock fill, built around a relatively flat, low-lying area to protect it from flooding; a levee. A dyke may be also be constructed on the shore or border of a lake to prevent inflow of undesirable water. (Source: BJGEO) dijkverzwaring English: dyke reinforcement English definition: The addition of material to strengthen the structure of the dykes. (Source: HARRIS) dioxine English: dioxin English definition: A by-product formed during the preparation of the herbicide 2, 4, 5-T, and sometimes produced by the incineration of chlorinated organic compounds. It may also occur naturally and is distributed widely in the environment, except locally in extremely low concentrations. Substantial amounts were released by the industrial accident of Seveso in 1976. (Source: ALL) dispersie [chem. en fys.] English: dispersion English definition: A distribution of finely divided particles in a medium. (Source: MGH) dispersieberekening English: dispersion calculation English definition: The calculation of pollutant dispersion is based on the use of air dispersion models that mathematically simulate atmospheric conditions and behaviour. Dispersion models can provide concentration or deposition estimates and can be used to evaluate both existing and hypothetical emissions scenarios. (Source: ENVAR) distillatie English: distillation English definition: The process of producing a gas or vapour from a liquid by heating the liquid in a vessel and collecting and condensing the vapours into liquids. (Source: MGH) distilleerderijen English: distilling industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of alcoholic beverages made by a distillation process of vaporization and condensation, such as vodka, rum, whiskey and other related beverages. (Source: RHW / SIC) divers product English: miscellaneous product DNA English: DNA English definition: The principal material of inheritance. It is found in chromosomes and consists of molecules that are long unbranched chains made up of many nucleotides. Each nucleotide is a combination of phosphoric acid, the monosaccharide deoxyribose and one of four nitrogenous bases: thymine, cytosine, adenine or guanine. The number of possible arrangements of nucleotides along the DNA chain is immense. Usually two DNA strands are linked together in parallel by specific base-pairing and are helically coiled. Replication of DNA molecules is accomplished by separation of the two strands, followed by the building up of matching strands by means of base-pairing, using the two halves as templates. By a mechanism involving RNA, the structure of DNA is translated into the structure of proteins during their synthesis from amino acids. (Source: ALL) document English: document English definition: Material of any kind, regardless of physical form, which furnishes information, evidence or ideas, including items such as contracts, bills of sale, letters, audio and video recordings, and machine readable data files. (Source: CCL) documentaire English: documentary film English definition: Any motion picture or movie in which an actual event, era or life story is presented factually, with little or no fiction. (Source: C / RHW) documentatie English: documentation English definition: The process of accumulating, classifying and disseminating information, often to support the claim or data given in a book or article. (Source: OED) documentatie centrum English: documentation centre English definition: Centre for assembling, coding, and disseminating recorded knowledge comprehensively treated as an integral procedure, utilizing various techniques for giving documentary information maximum accessibility and usability. (Source: WEBSTE) documentatiesysteem English: documentary system English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources providing written, printed or digitized items that furnish or substantiate information or evidence. (Source: RHW) doelgroep English: target group English definition: A collection of people selected and approached by some entity for a variety of purposes, including assistance, recruitment, information dissemination, marketing and research. (Source: RHW) doelstellingen van individuele economische ondernemingen English: goal of individual economic business English definition: The aim, purpose, objective, or end for a profit-seeking enterprise engaged in commerce, manufacturing, or a service. (Source: RHW) door aardbeving veroorzaakte zeegolven English: seismic sea wave English definition: A large seismically generated sea wave which is capable of considerable destruction in certain coastal areas, especially where submarine earthquakes occur. Although in the open ocean the wave height may be less than one meter it steepens to hights of 15 metres or more on entering shallow coastal water. The wavelength in the open ocean is of the order of 100 to 150 km and the rate of travel of a seismic sea wave is between 640 and 960 km/h. (Source: WHIT) door bestrijdingsmiddelen gevolgde weg English: pesticide pathway English definition: The specific or known route or vector of any chemical substance released into the environment to prevent, destroy or mitigate any pest that is directly or indirectly detrimental to harvest crops and other human interests. (Source: TOE / FAI / DOE) door de mens veroorzaakte klimaatsverandering English: man-made climate change English definition: Man-made climate changes may be due to the greenhouse effect and other human activities. A change in albedo of the land brought about by desertification and deforestation affects the amount of solar energy absorbed at the earth's surface. Man-made aerosols produced from the sulphur released from power stations can modify clouds. Changes in ozone levels in the stratosphere due to CFCs may influence climate. (Source: WRIGHT) door de mens veroorzaakte ramp English: human-made disaster English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment caused by man. (Source: ISEP / RHW) door de wet beschermd recht English: legally protected right English definition: A justifiable claim to have or obtain something or to act in a certain way, which is supported by law and is covered or shielded from the danger of being revoked or repealed. (Source: OED) doordrenking (materialen) English: impregnation (materials) English definition: The forcing of a liquid substance into the spaces of a porous solid in order to change its properties, as the impregnation of wood with creosote to preserve its integrity against water damage. (Source: MGHa) doorlatendheid English: permeability English definition: The ability of a membrane or other material to permit a substance to pass through it. (Source: MGH) doorlichting English: audit English definition: The periodic or continuous verification of the accounts, assets and liabilities of a company or other organization, often to confirm compliance with legal and professional standards. (Source: West's / ODE) doorlopende scholing English: continuing education English definition: Various forms, methods, and processes of formal and informal education for the continued learning of all ages and categories of the general public. Oriented toward the continued learning/developmental processes of the individual throughout life. (Source: UNUN) doorsijpeling van water in de bodem English: water infiltration into the ground English definition: The movement of surface water into soil or rock through cracks and pores. (Source: DUNSTE) doorstromingsveld English: flow field English definition: The velocity and the density of a fluid as functions of position and time. (Source: MGH) dorp English: village English definition: A group of houses and other buildings, such as a church, a school and some shops, which is smaller than a town, usually in the countryside. (Source: CAMB) dosering English: dosage English definition: The amount of a substance required to produce an effect. (Source: CONFER) dosis English: dose English definition: The amount of test substance administered. Dose is expressed as weight of test substance (g, mg) per unit weight of test animal (e.g., mg/kg), or as weight of food or drinking water. (Source: LEE) dosis-effectrelatie English: dose-effect relationship English definition: The relation between the quantity of a given substance and a measurable or observable effect. (Source: KOREN) douane English: customs English definition: Duties charged upon commodities on their importation into, or exportation out of, a country. douaneregelingen English: customs regulation English definition: A body of rules or orders generally issued by the executive authority of a government to establish and direct the taxes, duties or tariffs payable upon merchandise exported or imported. (Source: BLD) douanetarief English: customs tariff English definition: An official list or schedule setting forth the duties imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. (Source: OED) draagvermogen English: load bearing capacity English definition: The maximum load that a system can support before failing. (Source: LEEa) draaioven English: rotary furnace English definition: A heat-treating furnace of circular construction which rotates the workpiece around the axis of the furnace during heat treatment; workpieces are transported through the furnace along a circular path. (Source: MGH) drager English: carrier drank English: beverage English definition: Any one of various liquids for drinking, usually excluding water. (Source: AMHER) drankenindustrie English: beverage industry drijfgas English: propellant English definition: A gas used in aerosol preparations to expel the liquid contents through an atomizer. (Source: UVAROV) drijfnetvisserij English: drift net fishing English definition: The use of fishing nets of great length and depth, aptly described as 'walls of death' because of the huge numbers of marine mammals, birds, and turtles that became ensnared in them. The Tarawa Declaration of 1989 formulated at the 20th South Pacific Forum, aimed at banning drift netting in the South Pacific. In June 1992 the UN banned drift netting in all the world's oceans. (Source: GILP96) drijvende olielaag English: oil slick English definition: The mass of oil that floats on a surface of water, which is discharged accidentally, naturally or by design, and can be moved by currents, tides and the wind. (Source: ALL) drinkwater English: drinking water English definition: Water that is agreeable to drink, does not present health hazards and whose quality is normally regulated by legislation. (Source: GUNN) drinkwaterbeschermingsgebied English: drinking water protection area English definition: Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater. (Source: AZENP) drinkwatervoorziening English: drinking water supply English definition: The provision and storage of potable water, or the amount of potable water stored, for the use of a municipality, or other potable water user. (Source: ISEP) droge depositie English: dry deposition English definition: The accumulation of both particles and gases as they come into contact with soil, water or vegetation on the earth's surfaces. (Source: DES) drogen English: drying English definition: The process of partially or totally removing water or other liquids from a solid. (Source: ZINZAN) droog gazon English: dry lawn droogontsmetting van zaad English: seed dressing English definition: A chemical applied before planting to protect seeds and seedlings from disease or insects. (Source: EPAGLO) droogte English: drought English definition: A period of abnormally dry weather sufficiently prolonged so that the lack of water causes a serious hydrologic imbalance (such as crop damage, water supply shortage) in the affected area. (Source: MGH) droogtebeheer English: drought control English definition: Measures taken to prevent, mitigate or eliminate damage caused to the ecosystem, especially crops, by a sustained period of dry weather. (Source: ISEP) druk English: pressure English definition: A type of stress which is exerted uniformly in all directions; its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (Source: MGH) drukkerij English: printing work English definition: The art, process or business of producing reproductions of written text or images in multiple copies, in book, periodical or newspaper formats, or in other similar formats. (Source: SIC / RHW) drukkerij-industrie English: printing industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the reproduction of written text or images in multiple copies such as books, periodicals, newspapers or other similar formats. (Source: SIC) druppelsgewijze bevloeiing English: trickle irrigation English definition: Method in which water drips to the soil from perforated tubes or emitters. This irrigation technology is water conserving compared to flooding, furrows, and sprinklers. (Source: CNIE) dry farming English: dry farming English definition: A system of extensive agriculture allowing the production of crops without irrigation in areas of limited rainfall. Dry farming involves conserving soil moisture through mulching, frequent fallowing, maintenance of a fine tilth by cross-ploughing, repeated working of the soil after rainfall and removal of any weeds that would take up some of the moisture. (Source: GOOD) duin English: dune English definition: A low mound, ridge, bank, or hill of loose, windblown granular material (generally sand, sometimes volcanic ash), either bare or covered with vegetation, capable of movement from place but always retaining its characteristic shape. (Source: BJGEO) duurzaam gebruik English: sustainable use English definition: Use of the environment and its living resources at a rate that does not exceed its capacity for renewal in order to ensure its availability for future generations. (Source: DUNSTE / UNUNa) duurzaamheid English: durability English definition: The state or quality of being able to last or continue in a particular condition, resisting wear, decay or significant deterioration. (Source: RHW) duurzaamheidsbeginsel English: principle of sustainability English definition: Principle stated by the World Commission on Environment and Development (The Bruntland Commission) in 1987: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of future generations. Sustainable development is a process of integrating economic, social and ecological goals, and should not mean a trade-off between the environment and development. Sustainable development should imply balance rather than conflict. (Source: GRAHAWa) duurzame goederen English: durable goods English definition: Goods which have a reasonably long life and which are not generally consumed in use: e.g. refrigerator. (Source: WESTS) duurzame ontwikkeling English: sustainable development English definition: Development that provides economic, social and environmental benefits in the long term having regard to the needs of living and future generations. Defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987 as: development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (Source: GILP96) duurzame ontwikkelingsindicator English: sustainable development indicator English definition: Statistical indicators used for measuring sustainable development that may be chosen among a wide range of themes as, for example, environmental capacity and quality of life. (Source: PORT) dwangmaatregel English: penalty English definition: 1) A punishment for a crime.2) A sum specified in a contract as payable on its breach but not constituting a genuine estimate of the likely loss. (Source: DICLAW) eco-fysiologie English: ecophysiology English definition: The study of biophysical, biochemical and physiological processes used by animals to cope with factors of their physical environment, or employed during ecological interactions with other organisms. (Source: PARCOR) ecologie (als onderdeel van de sociologie) English: human ecology English definition: The study of the growth, distribution, and organization of human communities relative to their interrelationships with other humans and other species and with their environment. (Source: UNUN) ecologie van het water English: aquatic ecology English definition: The study of the relationships among aquatic living organisms and between those organisms and their environment. (Source: ALLa) ecologisch bouwen English: green building English definition: The self-contained dwelling where man simulates the ways of ecosystems, i.e. his wastes are converted to fuel by anaerobic digestion for methane production and the residues from the digestion are used for growing food. The food residues are composted and/or used for methane production. Solar energy is trapped by the greenhouse effect and used for house, crop and water heating. A windmill would be used for electricity. Thus, given sufficient space, sunshine, rainfall and wind, the ecohouse is in theory a self-contained system recycling its own wastes and using the sun as its energy input. (Source: PORT) ecologisch evenwicht English: ecological balance English definition: The condition of equilibrium among the components of a natural community such that their relative numbers remain fairly constant and their ecosystem is stable. Gradual readjustments to the composition of a balanced community take place continually in response to natural ecological succession and to alterations in climatic and other influences. (Source: ALL) ecologisch evenwicht English: eco-balance English definition: An eco-balance refers to the consumption of energy and resources and the pollution caused by the production cycle of a given product. The product is followed throughout its entire life cycle, from the extraction of the raw materials, manufacturing and use, right through to recycling and final handling of waste. (Source: DUNI) ecologisch gevoelig gebied English: ecologically sensitive area English definition: Area where it is likely that a change in some parts of the system will produce a recognizable response. (Source: ALL2a) ecologische (levens)gemeenschap English: ecological community English definition: 1) All of the plants and animals in an area or volume; a complex association usually containing both animals and plants. 2) Any naturally occurring group of organisms that occupy a common environment. (Source: LANDY / ALL) ecologische aanpassing English: ecological adaptation English definition: Change in an organism so that it is better able to survive or reproduce, thereby contributing to its fitness. (Source: PHC) ecologische abondantie English: ecological abundance English definition: Number of individual specimens of an animal or plant seen over a certain period of time in a certain place. (Source: PHC) ecologische beoordeling English: ecological assessment English definition: Ecological assessment consists in monitoring the current and changing conditions of ecological resources from which success or failure of the ecosystem can be judged without bias; understanding more fully the structure and function of ecosystems in order to develop improved management options; developing models to predict the response of ecosystems to changes resulting from human-induced stress from which possible ecosystem management strategies can be assessed and assessing the ecological consequences of management actions so that decisionmakers can best understand the outcomes of choosing a particular management strategy. (Source: ESEPA) ecologische boekhouding English: ecological bookkeeping English definition: The systematic accounting or recordkeeping of a company's impact on the environment or its progress towards environmentally sound business practices. (Source: ISEP / RHW) ecologische cultuur English: environmental culture English definition: The total of learned behavior, attitudes, practices and knowledge that a society has with respect to maintaining or protecting its natural resources, the ecosystem and all other external conditions affecting human life. (Source: ANT / TOE) ecologische draagvermogen English: ecological carrying capacity English definition: 1) The maximum number of species an area can support during the harshest part of the year, or the maximum biomass it can support indefinitely. 2) The maximum number of grazing animals an area can support without deterioration. (Source: ALL) ecologische factor English: ecological factor English definition: An environmental factor that, under some definite conditions, can exert appreciable influence on organisms or their communities, causing the increase or decrease in the number of organisms and/or changes in the communities. (Source: UNUN) ecologische inventarisatie English: ecological stocktaking English definition: Taking stock of, evaluating, or inventorying a company's impact on the environment or its progress towards environmentally sound business practices. (Source: RHW) ecologische niche English: ecological niche English definition: 1) The space occupied by a species, which includes both the physical space as well as the functional role of the species.2) Ecological niche refers to the characteristics of an environment that provides all the essential food and protection for the continued survival of a particular species of flora or fauna. In addition to food and shelter, there is no long-term threat to existence in that place from potential predators, parasites and competitors. The concept of the ecological niche goes a long way beyond the idea of the species habitat. (Source: LBC / WRIGHT) ecologische ongelijkheid English: ecological inequality English definition: Any imbalance or disparity among inhabitants of the same living environment deemed inappropriate, unjust or detrimental to that environment's integrity. (Source: TOE / RHW) ecologische ontwikkeling English: ecodevelopment English definition: 1) Conservative development based on long term optimization of biosphere resources.2)An approach to development through rational use of natural resources by means of appropriate technology and system of production which take into account and provide for the conservation of nature. (Source: GREMES / UNUN) ecologische parameter English: ecological parameter English definition: A variable, measurable property whose value is a determinant of the characteristics of an ecosystem. (Source: EPAGLOa) ecologische zone English: ecozone English definition: A broad geographic area in which there are distinctive climate patterns, ocean conditions, types of landscapes and species of plants and animals. (Source: SCHNET) economie English: economics English definition: The social study of the production, distribution, and consumption of wealth. (Source: GREENW) economie English: economy English definition: The system of activities and administration through which a society uses its resources to produce wealth. (Source: GOOD) economie English: economics economie, financien English: economics, finance economisch beleid English: economic policy English definition: A definite course of action adopted and pursued by a government, political party or enterprise pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities. (Source: RHW) economisch gebied English: economic region English definition: A district or an administrative division of a city or territory that is designed according to some material, distributive or productive criteria. (Source: RHW) economisch managementsinstrumenten English: economic management instrument English definition: A tool or method used by any organization in the management of developmental processes used in the production of, or in the regulation of, material resources. (Source: OED) economisch plan English: economic plan English definition: A design, scheme or project pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities. (Source: RHW) economisch systeem English: economic system English definition: Organized sets of procedures used within or between communities to govern the production and distribution of goods and services. (Source: TEA) economische activiteit English: economic activity English definition: Any effort, work, function or sphere of action pertaining to the production of goods, services or any other resource with exchange value. (Source: RHW / NDECON) economische analyse English: economic analysis English definition: The quantitative and qualitative identification, study, and evaluation of the nature of an economy or a system of organization or operation. (Source: ISEP / RHW) economische concentratie English: economic concentration English definition: The extent to which a market is taken up by producers within a given industry. (Source: ODE) economische gegevens English: economic data economische geografie English: economic geography English definition: The geography of people making a living, dealing with the spatial patterns of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The development of economic geography over the past three decades has witnessed the substitution of analysis for description, leading to an identification of the factors and an understanding of the processes affecting the spatial differentiation of economic activities over the earth's surface. (Source: GOOD) economische groei English: economic growth English definition: An increase over successive periods in the productivity and wealth of a household, country or region, as measured by one of several possible variables, such as the gross domestic product. (Source: ODE) economische instrumenten English: economic instrument English definition: Any tool or method used by an organization to achieve general developmental goals in the production of, or in the regulation of, material resources. (Source: OED) economische levensvatbaarheid English: economic viability English definition: Capability of developing and surviving as a relatively independent social, economic or political unit. (Source: WEBSTEa) economische ontwikkeling English: economic development English definition: The state of nations and the historical processes of change experienced by them, the extent to which the resources of a nation are brought into productive use; the concept of development subsumes associated social, cultural and political changes as well as welfare measures. (Source: GOOD) economische planning English: economic planning English definition: An economy in which prices, incomes etc. are determined centrally by government rather than through the operation of the free market, and in which industrial production is governed by an overall national plan. economische rechten English: economic rights English definition: The just claims and legal guarantees to access, participate in and profit from the production, distribution and use of property, intellectual property, income and wealth. (Source: RHW) economische sector English: economic sector English definition: A part of a country's or region's commercial, industrial and financial activity, delimited either by public, corporate and private organization of expenditures or by agriculture, manufacturing and service product types. (Source: ODE) economische steun English: economic support English definition: Any form of financial assistance or inducement for persons or institutions. (Source: ISEP) economische stimuleringsmaatregel English: economic incentive English definition: Rewards or penalties offered by government or management to induce an economic sector, company or group of workers to act in such a way as to produce results that plan objectives or policy goals. (Source: ODE) economische structuur English: economic structure English definition: The underlying framework, including transportation and communications systems, industrial facilities, education and technology, that enables a country or region to produce goods, services and other resources with exchange value. (Source: MGHME / RHW) economische theorie English: economic theory English definition: The study of relationships in the economy. Its purpose is to analyze and explain the behaviour of the various economic elements. The body of economic theory can be divided into two broad categories, positive theory and welfare theory. Positive theory is an attempt to analyze the operation of the economy without considering the desirability of its results in terms of ultimate goals. Welfare theory is concerned primarily with an evaluation of the economic system in terms of ethical goals which are not themselves derived from economic analysis. (Source: GREENW) economische toestand English: economic situation English definition: The complex of elements which, in a given period, characterize the condition or state of a country or region's ability to produce goods, services and other resources with exchange value. (Source: trZ / RHW) economische trend English: economic trend English definition: Changes of variables and parameters of an economic system, analysed in statistical calculations. economisch-ecologische efficientie English: economical-ecological efficiency English definition: The competency in performance in business matters involving the relation between financial and environmental principles. (Source: ISEP / RHW) eco-pediatrie English: eco-paediatrics English definition: Branch of medical science concerning the study and the therapy of children diseases caused by environmental factors. (Source: CEDa / RRDA) ecosysteem English: ecosystem English definition: A community of organisms and their physical environment interacting as an ecological unit. (Source: LBC) ecosysteem in water English: aquatic ecosystem English definition: Any watery environment, from small to large, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. (Source: GILP96) ecosysteem riviermonding English: estuarine ecosystem ecosysteem van bosgebeid English: woodland ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in wooded areas or land areas covered with trees and shrubs. (Source: TOE / WOR) ecosysteem van de bodem English: terrestrial ecosystem English definition: Any terrestrial environment, from small to large, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. (Source: GILP96) ecosysteem van de zeebodem English: benthic ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of the biological communities located at the bottom of bodies of freshwater and saltwater and their non-living environmental surroundings. (Source: TOE / DOE) ecosysteem van een onvruchtbaar gebied English: arid land ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the annual precipitation averages less than 10 inches per year. (Source: TOE / DOE) ecosysteem van grasland English: grassland ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of the biological communities located in biomes characterized by the dominance of indigenous grasses, grasslike plants and forbs, and their non-living environmental surroundings. (Source: TOE / DOE) ecosysteem van hooglanden English: highland ecosystem English definition: The interacting systems of the biological communities and their non-living surroundings in regions of relatively high elevation, typically characterized by decreased air pressure and temperature, reduced oxygen availability and increased isolation. (Source: TOE / APD) ecosysteem van waterrijke gebied English: wetlands ecosystem English definition: Ecosystems of areas largely inundated with water but offering elevated lands as a habitat for wildlife. This areas include swamps, both seasonal and permanent, marsh, open fresh water, shallow saline lagoons, the estuaries of rivers, floodplains and coastal sand dunes. They provide food, breeding grounds, water and sanctuary for many forms of fish, birds and other animal and plant life. They are among the most productive ecosystems producing timber, peat moss and crops such as rice and a variety of berries. (Source: GILP96 / WRIGHT) ecosysteem van/in koude gebieden English: cold zone ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings located in climatic regions where the air temperature is below 10deg Celsius for eight to eleven months of the year. (Source: TOE / EOC) ecosysteem-analyse English: ecosystem analysis English definition: Detailed study of an ecosystem carried out to ascertain its features from the point of view of its soil composition, energy flux, biogeochemical cycles, biomass, organisms and their relationship with the environment. (Source: RRDA) ecosystemen van halfdroog land English: semi-arid land ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions that have between 10 to 20 inches of rainfall and are capable of sustaining some grasses and shrubs but not woodland. (Source: TOE / DOE) ecosyteem van het tropisch woud English: tropical forest ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in forests found in tropical regions near the equator, which are characterized by warm to hot weather and abundant rainfall. (Source: TOE / DOE) ecotoerisme English: ecotourism English definition: Excursions to relatively untouched lands, which for the tourist promise the chance to observe unusual wildlife and indigenous inhabitants. The travel industry, in an attempt to market adventure and authenticity to those travellers weary of 'civilisation' promote travel to environments free of modern technology. Ecotourism's inherent contradiction is the promotion of untouched lands, which immediately become touched by the hands of tourism. (Source: WPR) ecotoxicologie English: ecotoxicology English definition: The science dealing with the adverse effects of chemical, physical agents, and natural products on populations and communities of plants, animals and human beings. (Source: GILP96) ecotoxicologische evaluatie English: ecotoxicological evaluation English definition: Evaluation of the adverse effects of chemicals, physical agents, and natural products on population and communities and plants, animals and human beings. (Source: GILP96) ecotype English: ecotype English definition: Species that has special characteristics which allow it to live in a certain habitat. (Source: PHC) een onderneming sluiten English: closing down of firm English definition: The termination or shutdown, temporary or permanent, of a corporation, factory or some other business organization. (Source: RHW) een plaats ophogen English: raising a site English definition: The building up of land by the deposition of allochthonous material, such as rocks, gravel, etc. (Source: RRDA) een steengroeve ontginnen English: quarrying English definition: The surface exploitation and removal of stone or mineral deposits from the earth's crust. (Source: MGH) eengezinswoning English: single family dwelling English definition: An unattached dwelling unit inhabited by an adult person plus one or more related persons. (Source: KOREN) Eerste Kamer English: Upper House English definition: The body of a bicameral legislature comprising either representatives of member states in a federation or a select number of individuals from certain privileged estates or social classes. (Source: (Source: CIV / RHW) eetbare vetten English: edible fat English definition: An oil that can be eaten as a food or food accessory. (Source: MGH) effect op het microklimaat English: microclimate effect effect van handel op het milieu English: trade impact on environment English definition: Trade impacts on the environment can be direct, such as trade of endangered species, of natural resources, of natural products such as tropical timber, etc., or indirect, such as deforestation, loss of habitats, pollution from mining, from energy production, oil spills, global warming, etc., increases in transport infrastructures. (Source: NWFa) effecten English: effect English definition: Effects include: a) direct effects, which are caused by the action and occur at the same time and place, b) indirect effects, which are caused by the action and are later in time or farther removed in distance, that are still reasonably foreseeable. (Source: LANDY) efficientiecriterium English: efficiency criterion English definition: Parameter or rule for assessing the competency in performance of production relative to the input of resources. (Source: ISEP / RHW) efficientieniveau English: efficiency level English definition: The ratio of output to input, usually given as a percentage. (Source: ECHO2) effluent English: effluent English definition: The waste liquid from domestic sewage, industrial sites or from agricultural processes. Effluents are harmful when they enter the environment, especially in freshwater, because of their polluting chemical composition. (Source: WRIGHT) EG Raad van Ministers English: EC Council of Ministers English definition: The organ of the EU that is primarily concerned with the formulation of policy and the adoption of Community legislation. The Council consists of one member of government of each of the member states of the Community, and its presidency is held by each state in turn for periods of six months. (Source: DICLAW) EG-beleid English: EC policy EG-milieukeur(merk) English: EC ecolabel English definition: The European Community (EC) initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. For example, eco-labels will be awarded to products that do not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which damage ozone layer, to those products that can be, or are, recycled, and to those that are energy efficient. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. These cover the whole life cycle of a product, from the extraction of raw materials, through manufacture, distribution, use and disposal of the product. The first products to carry the EC eco-labels were washing machines, paper towels, writing paper, light bulbs and hairsprays. (Source: WRIGHT) EG-Raad English: EU Council English definition: The Council of the European Union is an institution which exercises legislative and decision-making powers. At the same time, it is the forum in which the representatives of the Governments of the 15 Member States can assert their interests and try to reach compromises. The Council ensures general coordination of the activities of the European Community, the main objective of which is the establishment of an internal market, i.e. an area without internal frontiers guaranteeing four freedoms of movement - for goods, persons, services and capital - to which should soon be added a single currency. In addition, the Council is responsible for intergovernmental cooperation, in common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and in the areas of justice and home affairs (JHA), including for example matters of immigration and asylum, combating terrorism and drugs and judicial cooperation. (Source: UEEU) EG-richtlijn English: EC directive English definition: A type of legislation issued by the European Union which is binding on Member States in terms of the results to be achieved but which leaves to Member States the choice of methods. (Source: BUSIN) EG-richtlijn betreffende afvalverwerking English: EC directive on waste disposal English definition: EC Directive whose main object concerns waste prevention, recycling and transformation into alternative energy sources. (Source: DIRAMB) EG-richtlijn betreffende biociden English: EC directive on biocides English definition: Directive regulating the placing of biocidal products on the market. (Source: GRAHAW) EG-richtlijn betreffende de bescherming van water English: EC directive on water protection English definition: Directive concerning the use and management of water resources for a rational economical and social development and the protection of the related environmental features. (Source: DIRAMB) EG-richtlijn betreffende verpakkingen English: EC directive on packaging English definition: EC Directive proposed on 15 July 1992 aiming at harmonizing national measures concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste; the directive covers all packaging placed on the market. (Source: PORT) EG-Verdrag English: EC Treaty EG-verordening English: EC regulation EG-verordening betreffende milieubeheer en English: EC regulation on eco-management and audit EG-verordening inzake bestaande chemicalien English: EC regulation on existing chemicals English definition: Regulation designed to identify and control of risks deriving from existing chemicals. According to this program the main goal is the collection of basic information about existing chemicals including their uses and characteristics, environmental fate and pathways, toxicity and ecotoxicity. (Source: DOBRIS) ei English: egg English definition: A large, female sex cell enclosed in a porous, calcareous or leathery shell, produced by birds and reptiles. (Source: MGH) eigenaar van het afval English: owner of waste English definition: Any possessor or proprietor of refuse from places of human or animal habitation, or of unwanted materials left over from a manufacturing process. (Source: TOE) eigendom English: ownership English definition: Collection of rights to use and enjoy property, including right to transmit it to others. The complete dominion, title, or proprietary right in a thing or claim. (Source: BLACK) eigendomsbescherming English: property protection English definition: That benefit or safety which the government affords to the citizens to insure their individual or corporate right to exclusive enjoyment and disposal of property, money and any other thing tangible or intangible that represents a source of income or wealth. (Source: LLL) eigendomsrecht English: right of property English definition: The legal guarantee or just claim inhering in a citizen's relation to some physical thing, but especially a plot of land, including the right to possess, use and dispose of it. (Source: BLD) eigendomsregister English: land and property register English definition: The system of registering certain legal estates or interests in land. It describes the land and any additional rights incidental to it, such as rights of way over adjoining land. (Source: DICLAW) eigenschap English: attribute English definition: A distinctive feature of an object. In mapping and GIS applications, the objects are points, lines, or polygons that represent features such as sampling locations, section corners (points); roads and streams (lines); lakes, forest and soil types (polygons). These attributes can be further divided into classes such as tree species Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine) for forest types and paved and gravel for road types. Multiple attributes are generally associated with objects that are located on a single map layer. (Source: FORUMT) eiken(bomen) English: oak English definition: Any tree of the genus Quercus in the order Fagales, characterized by simple, usually lobed leaves, scaly winter buds, a star-shaped pith, and its fruit, the acorn, which is a nut; the wood is tough, hard, and durable, generally having a distinct pattern. (Source: MGH) eiland English: island English definition: A land mass, especially one smaller than a continent, entirely surrounded by water. (Source: AMHER) eilandecosysteem English: island ecosystem English definition: Unique but fragile and vulnerable ecosystems due to the fact that the evolution of their flora and fauna has taken place in relative isolation. Many remote islands have some of the most unique flora in the world; some have species of plants and animals that are not found anywhere else, which have evolved in a specialized way, sheltered from the fierce competition that species face on mainland. (Source: WRIGHT) eilandengroep English: archipelago English definition: A chain of many islands including the waters that surround them. (Source: DOE) eindopslag English: final storage English definition: A system where inert materials, which are not to be mobilized by natural processes even for long time periods, are confined by three barriers: the natural impermeable surroundings, an artificial barrier (such as liner) which can be controlled and, most important, the inert material itself. The concept of final storage includes the possibility to mine the materials in the future if such materials are sufficiently 'clean' (mono-landfills) and if it becomes economic to mine such ores. eiwit English: protein English definition: Any of a class of high-molecular weight polymer compounds composed of a variety of alfa-amino acids joined by peptide linkages. (Source: MGH) eiwithoudend product English: protein product elasticiteit English: elasticity English definition: Ability of a material to return to original dimensions after deformation. (Source: LEE) elders English: off-site English definition: Activities taking place or located away from the site. (Source: AMHER) elektriciteit English: electricity English definition: A general term used for all phenomena caused by electric charge whether static or in motion. (Source: UVAROV) elektriciteitsbedrijf English: electricity company English definition: Company which is responsible for the supply and distribution of electric energy to a given area. (Source: RRDA) elektriciteitsbeheer English: electricity supply industry English definition: Industry for the supply and distribution of electric power. (Source: RRDA) elektriciteitscentrale English: electric power plant English definition: A stationary plant containing apparatus for large-scale conversion of some form of energy (such as hydraulic, steam, chemical, or nuclear energy) into electrical energy. (Source: MGH) elektriciteitscentrale English: power station English definition: A stationary plant containing apparatus for large-scale conversion of some form of energy (such as hydraulic, steam, chemical, or nuclear energy) into electrical energy. (Source: MGH) elektriciteitsopwekking English: electricity generation English definition: The act or process of transforming other forms of energy into electric energy. (Source: LEE) elektriciteitsverbruik English: electricity consumption English definition: Amount of electricity consumed by an apparatus. (Source: PHC) elektriciteitsvoorziening English: electric power supply elektrische batterij English: electrical storage device elektrische batterij English: electric battery English definition: A direct-current voltage source made up of one or more units that convert chemical, thermal, nuclear, or solar energy into electrical energy. (Source: MGH) elektrische leiding English: electric line English definition: Wires conducting electric power from one location to another; also known as electric power line. (Source: MGH) elektrische stroom English: electric power English definition: The rate at which electric energy is converted to other forms of energy, equal to the product of the current and the voltage drop. (Source: MGH) elektrokinetica English: electrokinetics English definition: The study of the motion of electric charges, especially of steady currents in electric circuits, and of the motion of electrified particles in electric or magnetic fields. (Source: MGH) elektrolyse English: electrolysis English definition: The production of a chemical reaction by passing an electric current through an electrolyte. In electrolysis, positive ions migrate to the cathode and negative ions to the anode. (Source: DICCHE) elektronica English: electronics English definition: Study, control, and application of the conduction of electricity through gases or vacuum or through semiconducting or conducting materials. (Source: MGH) elektronisch afval English: electronic scrap English definition: Any material from electronic devices and systems, generated as a waste stream in a processing operation or discarded after service. (Source: APD / RHW) elektronisch materiaal English: electronic material elektronische informatienetwerk English: electronic information network English definition: A system of interrelated computer and telecommunications devices linked to permit the exchange of data in digital or analog signals. (Source: WIC) elektronische post English: electronic mail English definition: Information or computer stored messages that are transmitted or exchanged from one computer terminal to another, through telecommunication. (Source: CED / WIC) elektrosmog English: electrosmog English definition: Pollution caused by electric and magnetic fields generated by power lines, electrical equipment, mobile and cordless phones, radar, electrical household appliances, microwave ovens, radios, computers, electric clocks, etc. (Source: NPLa) elektrotechniek English: electrical engineering English definition: Engineering that deals with practical applications of electricity; generally restricted to applications involving current flow through conductors, as in motors and generators. (Source: MGH) elektrotechnische apparatuur English: electrotechnical equipment English definition: All the equipment connected with the technological use of electric power. (Source: CEDa) elektrotechnische industrie English: electrical industry English definition: Industry for the production of electric energy. (Source: CED) elektrotechnische industrie English: electrotechnical industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of machinery, apparatus and supplies for the generation, storage and utilization of electrical energy, such as household appliances, radio and television receiving equipment, and lighting and wiring equipment. (Source: SIC) elektrotechnische industrie English: electrical goods industry English definition: Economic activity for manufacturing electric material and devices. (Source: RRDA) elektrovoertuig English: electric vehicle English definition: Vehicle driven by an electric motor and characterized by being silent and less polluting. (Source: RRDA) element dat inwerkt op de oppervlakte English: surface active compound English definition: Any soluble substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds that reduces interfacial tension between liquids or a liquid and a solid, often used as detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers. (Source: APD / WQA) elementen uit groep 0 English: element of group 0 English definition: A group of monatomic gaseous elements forming group 18 (formerly group 0) of the periodic table: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radon (Rn). (Source: DICCHE) elementen uit groep I (alkalimetalen) English: element of group I (alkaline) English definition: Any of the monovalent metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium, belonging to group 1A of the periodic table. They are all very reactive and electropositive. (Source: CED) elementen uit groep II (aardalkalimetalen) English: element of group II (alkaline earth metals) English definition: Any of the divalent electropositive metals beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium, belonging to group 2A of the periodic table. (Source: CED) elementen uit groep III English: element of group III English definition: Group III consists of two subgroups: group IIIb and group IIIa. Group IIIa consists of scandium, yttrium, and lanthanium, which is generally considered with the lanthanoids, and actinium, which is classified with the actinoids. Group IIIb, the main group, comprises boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium. (Source: CHSK) elementen uit groep IV English: element of group IV English definition: Group IV consists of two subgroups: group IVb, main group, and group IVa. Group IVa consists of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium which are generally classified as transition metals. The main group consists of carbonium, silicium, germanium, tin, and lead. The main valency of the elements is IV, and the members of the group show a variation from nonmetallic to metallic behaviour in moving down the group. The reactivity of the elements increases down the group from carbon to lead. All react with oxygen on heating. (Source: CHSK) elementen uit groep V English: element of group V English definition: Group V consists of two subgroups: group Vb, the main group, and group Va. Group Va consists of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum, which are generally considered with the transition elements. The main group consists of nitrogen, phosphorous, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. (Source: CHSK) elementen uit groep VI English: element of group VI English definition: Group VI consists of two subgroups: group VIb, the main group, and group VIa. Group VIa consists of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. The main group consists of oxygen, sulphur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium. (Source: CHSK) elementen uit groep VII English: element of group VII English definition: Any of the elements of the halogen family, consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. (Source: MGH) emancipatie English: emancipation English definition: The state of being free from social or political restraint or from the inhibition of moral or social conventions. embryo English: embryo English definition: An early stage of development in multicellular organisms. (Source: MGH) embryogenese English: embryogenesis English definition: The formation and development of an embryo from an egg. (Source: MGH) emissie door vliegtuigmotoren English: aircraft engine emission English definition: The formation and discharge of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the environment, especially the stratosphere, chiefly from airplanes, helicopters and other high-altitude aircrafts. (Source: MHE) emissiebeheer English: emission control English definition: Procedures aiming at reducing or preventing the harm caused by atmospheric emissions. (Source: RRDA) emissiebron English: emission source English definition: A chemical process, building, furnace, plant or other entity responsible for the discharge of pollutants or contaminants into the environment. (Source: DES / DEP) emissiefactor English: emission factor English definition: The relationship between the amount of pollutants produced to the amount of raw materials processed, or fuel consumed, in any polluting process. (Source: TOE) emissiegegevens English: emission data English definition: Data concerning pollutants released into the environment from a permanent or mobile installation or from products. (Source: AZENP) emissienorm English: emission standard English definition: The maximum amount of discharge legally allowed from a single source, mobile or stationary. (Source: LANDY) emissiereductie English: emission reduction English definition: The act or process of limiting or restricting the discharge of pollutants or contaminants, such as by setting emission limits or by modifying the emission source. (Source: EEN) emissieregister English: emission register English definition: A listing, by source, of the amounts of air pollutants discharged in the atmosphere of a community daily. (Source: LANDY) emissies English: emission English definition: A discharge of particulate gaseous, or soluble waste material/pollution into the air from a polluting source. (Source: UNUN) emissietoestand English: emission situation emissievoorspelling English: emission forecast English definition: The final step in a clean air plan is to predict future air quality to demonstrate that we can (if we can) meet the health standards by implementing the measures proposed in the plan. This is done by first projecting the emission inventory into the future, taking into account changes in population, housing, employment in specific business sectors, and vehicle miles traveled. These data are obtained from various sources and the resulting emissions are adjusted to account for regulations and control measures scheduled for implementation during the same time period. Additional adjustments are made to reflect large facilities that are expected to start up, modify, or shut down. The resulting inventory is an emission forecast, and is usually expressed in tons per day of particular pollutants for a given year. Additional steps may be required to determine how the forecasted quantities of air pollution will affect the overall air quality. One way to accomplish this is through computer modeling. A computer model simulates how pollutants disperse, react, and move in the air. The inputs to such a computer model are complex. They include weather patterns, terrain, and the chemical nature of air pollutants. (Source: APCD) emulgatie English: emulsification English definition: The process of dispersing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid. (Source: MGH) emulsie English: emulsion English definition: A stable dispersion of one liquid in a second immiscible liquid, such as milk (oil dispersed in water). (Source: MGH) encyclopedie English: encyclopaedia English definition: A comprehensive, often multivolume, reference work containing articles on a wide rage of subjects or on various aspects of a particular field, usually, alphabetically arranged. (Source: AMHER) endemische soorten English: endemic species English definition: Species native to, and restricted to, a particular geographical region. (Source: LBC) endocrien systeem English: endocrine system English definition: The chemical coordinating system in animals, that is, the endocrine glands that produce hormones. (Source: MGH) end-of-pipe technologie English: end-of-pipe technology English definition: An approach to pollution control which concentrates upon effluent treatment or filtration prior to discharge into the environment, as opposed to making changes in the process giving rise to the wastes. (Source: GRAHAW) energie English: energy English definition: The capacity to do work; involving thermal energy (heat), radiant energy (light), kinetic energy (motion) or chemical energy; measured in joules. (Source: LBC) energie English: energy energie English: energy energiebalans English: energy balance English definition: The energetic state of a system at any given time. (Source: WRIGHT) energiebedrijf English: power company English definition: Company which is responsible for the supply and distribution of electric energy to a given area. (Source: RRDA) energiebeheer English: energy management English definition: The administration or handling of power derived from sources such as fossil fuel, electricity and solar radiation. (Source: RHW / FFD) energiebehoefte English: energy demand energiebehoud English: energy conservation English definition: The strategy for reducing energy requirements per unit of industrial output or individual well-being without affecting the progress of socio-economic development or causing disruption in life style. In temperate developed countries most energy is used in heating and lighting industrial and domestic buildings. Industrial processes, transport and agriculture are the other main users. During the 1970s it was demonstrated that substantial savings could be achieved through appropriate building technologies and the use of energy-efficient equipment for heating, air-conditioning and lighting. Most goods could and should be both manufactured and made to work more efficiently. (Source: WRIGHT) energiebeleid English: energy policy English definition: A statement of a country's intentions in the energy sector. (Source: BRACK) energiebesparing English: energy saving English definition: Avoiding wasting energy. (Source: PHC) energiebron English: energy source English definition: Potential supplies of energy including fossil and nuclear fuels as well as solar, water, wind, tidal and geothermal power. (Source: PHC) energiebronmateriaal English: energy source material English definition: Sources from which energy can be obtained to provide heat, light, and power. Energy resources, including fossil and nuclear fuels as well as solar, water, tidal and geothermal energy, may be captured or recovered and converted into other energy forms for a variety of household, commercial, transportation, and industrial applications. (Source: PARCOR) energiebronnen English: energy resource English definition: Potential supplies of energy which have not yet been used (such as coal lying in the ground, solar heat, wind power, geothermal power, etc.). (Source: PHC) energiegebruik English: energy utilisation energiegebruikspatroon English: energy utilisation pattern energie-herwinning English: energy recovery English definition: A form of resource recovery in which the organic fraction of waste is converted to some form of usable energy. Recovery may be achieved through the combustion of processed or raw refuse to produce steam through the pyrolysis of refuse to produce oil or gas; and through the anaerobic digestion of organic wastes to produce methane gas. (Source: LANDY) energie-industrie English: energy industry English definition: Industry which converts various types of fuels as well as solar, water, tidal, and geothermal energy into other energy forms for a variety of household, commercial, transportation, and industrial application. (Source: PZ) energiemarkt English: energy market English definition: The trade or traffic of energy sources treated as a commodity (such as fossil fuel, electricity, or solar radiation). (Source: RHW) energieomzetting English: energy conversion English definition: The process of changing energy from one form to another. (Source: MGH) energie-opslag English: energy storage English definition: Amount of energy reserves; often refers to the stocks of non-renewable fuel, such as oil, which a nation, for example, possesses. (Source: PHC) energie-opwekking English: energy production English definition: Generation of energy in a coal fired power station, in an oil fired power station, in a nuclear power station, etc. (Source: RRDA) energieprocessen English: energy process English definition: Any natural phenomenon or series of actions by which energy is converted or made more usable. (Source: MES) energierendement English: energy efficiency English definition: Refers to actions to save fuels by better building design, the modification of production processes, better selection of road vehicles and transport policies, the adoption of district heating schemes in conjunction with electrical power generation, and the use of domestic insulation and double glazing in homes. (Source: WRIGHT) energietechnologie English: energy technology energieverbruik English: energy consumption English definition: Amount of energy consumed by a person or an apparatus shown as a unit. (Source: PHC) energieverpilling English: energy dissipation English definition: Any loss of energy, generally by conversion into heat. (Source: MGH) energievoorziening English: energy supply English definition: The provision and storage of energy (the capacity to do work or produce a change), or the amount of energy stored, for the use of a municipality, or other energy user. (Source: ISEP / FFD) energiewetgeving English: energy legislation Engelse tuin English: English garden English definition: A plot of ground consisting of an orderly and balanced arrangement of masses of flowers, shrubs and trees, following British traditions or style. (Source: CBO) enquete English: survey English definition: A critical examination of facts or conditions to provide information on a situation. Usually conducted by interviews and/or on-site visitations. (Source: LANDY) enterovirus English: enterovirus English definition: Any of a subgroup of the picornaviruses infecting the gastrointestinal tract and discharged in feces, including coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and polioviruses; may be involved in respiratory disease, meningitis, and neurological disease. (Source: KOREN) enzym English: enzyme English definition: Any of a group of catalytic proteins that are produced by living cells and that mediate and promote the chemical processes of life without themselves being altered or destroyed. (Source: MGH) epidemieen English: epidemic English definition: A sudden increase in the incidence rate of a disease to a value above normal, affecting large numbers of people and spread over a wide area. (Source: MGH) epidemiologie English: epidemiology English definition: 1) The study of the mass aspects of disease.2) The study of the occurrence and distribution of disease and injury specified by person, place, and time. (Source: MGH / KOREN) equatoriaal klimaat English: equatorial climate English definition: Climate characterized by constant temperatures, abundant rainfall and a very short dry season. (Source: RAMADE) equivalente dosis English: equivalent dose English definition: A quantity used in radiation protection, expressing all radiation on a common scale for calculating the effective absorbed dose. The unit of dose equivalent is the rem. which is numerically equal to the absorbed dose in rads multiplied by certain modifying factors such as the quality factor, the distribution factor, etc. (Source: KOREN) erfdienstbaarheid English: easement English definition: The rights of use over the property of another; a burden on a piece of land causing the owner to suffer access by another. (Source: DUHA) erfgoed aan planten English: plant heritage English definition: The sum of the earth's or a particular region's herb, vegetable, shrub and tree life viewed as the inheritance of the present generation, especially plant species deemed worthy of preservation and protection from extinction. (Source: PPP / OED) ergonomie English: ergonomics English definition: The study of human capability and psychology in relation to the working environment and the equipment operated by the worker. (Source: MGH) erosie English: erosion English definition: The general process or the group of processes whereby the materials of Earth's crust are loosened , dissolved, or worn away and simultaneously moved from one place to another, by natural agencies, which include weathering, solution, corrosion, and transportation, but usually exclude mass wasting. (Source: BJGEO) erosiebeheersing English: erosion control English definition: Practices used during construction or other land disturbing activities to reduce or prevent soil erosion. Typical practices include planting of trees and quick growing grass on disturbed areas and other means to slow the movement of water across a disturbed site and trap the soil that does get transported by runoff. (Source: YORK) erts English: ore English definition: A mineral or mineral aggregate, more or less mixed with gangue, that can be worked and treated at a profit. (Source: ALL) esthetica English: aesthetics English definition: Considerations, values, and judgements pertaining to the quality of the human perceptual experience (including sight, sound, smell, touch, taste, and movement) evoked by phenomena or components of the environment. (Source: UNUN) estuarium English: estuary English definition: Area at the mouth of a river where it broadens into the sea, and where fresh and sea water intermingle to produce brackish water. The estuarine environment is very rich in wildlife, particularly aquatic, but it is very vulnerable to damage as a result of the actions of humans. (Source: WRIGHT) estuariumvervuiling English: estuary pollution English definition: Contamination of the generally broad portion of a stream near its outlet which is influenced by the tide of the water body into which it flows. Many estuaries have become badly contaminated by wastes that have been generated from heavily populated areas. ethanol English: ethanol English definition: A colorless liquid, miscible with water, used as a reagent and solvent. Also known as alcohol; ethyl alcohol; grain alcohol. (Source: MGH) ether English: ether English definition: A colorless liquid, slightly soluble in water; used as a reagent, intermediate, anesthetic, and solvent. (Source: MGH) ethiek English: ethics English definition: The philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it. (Source: AMHER) ethologie English: ethology English definition: The study of animal behaviour in a natural context. (Source: MGH) etikettering English: labelling English definition: Attaching a notice to a product or container bearing information concerning its contents, proper use, manufacturer and any cautions or hazards of use. (Source: KOREN) etiketteringsplicht English: obligation to label English definition: The legal responsibility or duty compelling manufacturers to affix certain marks or other written identification to their products, as is directed by laws, regulations or government standards. (Source: BLD / FPL) etsen English: etching English definition: The incision of lines on a plate of metal, glass, or other material by covering it with an acid-resistant coating, scratching through the coating, and then permitting an acid bath to erode exposed parts of the plate. (Source: MGH) etsende stoffen English: etching substance English definition: Substance capable of wearing away the surface of a metal, glass, etc. by chemical action. (Source: CEDa) Euratom English: Euratom English definition: A precursor to the European Community, the European Atomic Energy Community was founded in 1958 by the European Common Market to conduct research, develop nuclear energy, create a common market for nuclear fuels and supervise the nuclear industry so as to prevent abuse and protect health. (Source: ERD) Europa English: Europe English definition: The second smallest continent, forming the W extension of Eurasia: the border with Asia runs from the Urals to the Caspian and the Black Sea. The coastline is generally extremely indented and there are several peninsulas (notably Scandinavia, Italy and Iberia) and offshore islands (including the British Isles and Iceland). It contains a series of great mountain systems in the south (Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians, Caucasus), a large central plain, and a N region of lakes and mountains in Scandinavia. (Source: CED) Europees Eenheidsverdrag English: single European act English definition: A 1987 amendment to the founding treaties dealing primarily with the internal market,European Political Cooperation (EPC), and institutional reform of the EC. The measures covered by the legislation include: the elimination of frontiers controls, the acceptance throughout the market of professional qualification, the acceptance of natural standards for product harmonization, open tendering for public supply contracts, the free movement of capital between states, etc. (Source: INFOAB / DICLAW) Europees Hof van Justitie English: European Court of Justice English definition: The supreme court of The European Union which oversees the application of theEU treaties, decides upon the validity and the meaning of Community legislation and determines whether any act or omission by the European Commission, the Council of Minister or any member state constitutes a breach of Community law. (Source: EUEN / DICLAW) Europees Hof van Justitie English: Court of Justice of the European Communities English definition: Institution set up under Treaty of Rome to ensure that in interpretation and application of the Treaty the law is observed. It consists of judges from each member state, appointed for 6-year periods, assisted by three Advocates General. It sits in Luxembourg, expressing itself in judgements when called upon to do so in proceedings initiated by member states, institutions of the EC and natural or legal persons. Procedures are generally inquisitorial. (Source: CURZON) Europees Milieuagentschap English: European Environment Agency English definition: The EEA is being set up to provide the European Community and its member states with objective, reliable and standardized information on the environment. It will assess the success of existing environmental policies and the data will be used to develop new policies for environmental protection measures. It will gather information covering the present, and foreseeable, state of the environment. The priority area are: air quality and emissions; water quality, pollutants and resources; soil quality, flora and fauna, and biotopes; land use and natural resources; waste management; noise pollution; chemicals; and protection of coastal areas. The Agency will also take into account the socio-economics dimension, cover transboundary and international matters, and avoid the duplication of the activities of other bodies. (Source: WRIGHT) Europees Monetair Stelsel English: European Monetary System English definition: An organization established in Europe in 1979 to coordinate financial policy and exchange rates for the continent by running the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) and assisting movement toward a common European currency and a central European bank. (Source: ODE) EuroPees natuurreservaat English: European nature reserve Europees Parlement English: European Parliament English definition: Formerly the 'Assembly' of EEC. Comprises some 520 'representatives of the peoples' of European Community states, directly elected, and based in Strasbourg. Exercises advisory and supervisory powers; debates and passes resolutions and may veto admission of new member states. (Source: CURZON) Europese binnenmarkt English: internal European market Europese Commissie English: European Commission English definition: The European Union's administrative body, composed of twenty independent members appointed by the Member States for five-year terms and vested with powers of initiative, implementation, management and control according to the mandates established in EU Treaties or handed down by the EU Council. (Source: EUR) Europese Gemeenschappen English: European Communities English definition: The collective body that resulted in 1967 from the merger of the administrative networks of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and the European Economic Community (EEC). The singular term has also been widely used. (Source: ABDN) Europese Herstelprogramma English: European Recovery Programme Europese Milieuraad English: European Environmental Council Europese Monetair Fonds English: European Monetary Fund English definition: Fund organized by the European Monetary System in which members of the European Community deposit reserves to provide a pool of resources to stabilize exchange rates and to finance balance of payments in support of the pending full European Monetary Union. Europese norm English: European standard English definition: A standard which has been approved pursuant to the statutes of the standards bodies with which the Community has concluded agreements. (Source: ECHO2) Europese Unie English: European Union English definition: The 15 nations (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, the UK, Austria, Finland and Sweden) that have joined together to form an economic community with common monetary, political and social aspirations. The EU came into being on 1 November 1993 according to the terms of the Maastricht Treaty; it comprises the three European Communities, extended by the adoption of a common foreign and security policy which requires cooperation between member states in foreign policy and security and cooperation in justice and home affairs. (Source: DICLAW) eutrofiering English: eutrophication English definition: A process of pollution that occurs when a lake or stream becomes over-rich in plant nutrient; as a consequence it becomes overgrown in algae and other aquatic plants. The plants die and decompose. In decomposing the plants rob the water of oxygen and the lake, river or stream becomes lifeless. Nitrate fertilizers which drain from the fields, nutrients from animal wastes and human sewage are the primary causes of eutrophication. They have high biological oxygen demand (BOD). (Source: WRIGHT) evaluatie English: evaluation evaluatie van technologie English: evaluation of technology evaluatiecriterium English: evaluation criterion English definition: A standard, norm, value or measurement by which the quantity or quality of a process, object or person's work performance is ascertained through an analysis and judgment of the relevant information in context and in view of established goals, objectives and standards. (Source: DAM) evaluatiemethode English: evaluation method evolutie English: evolution English definition: The biological theory or process whereby species of plants and animals change with the passage of time so that their descendants differ from their ancestors, i.e. development from earlier forms by hereditary transmission of slight variations in successive generations. (Source: UNUN) exacte wetenschap(pen) English: exact science English definition: Mathematics and other sciences based on calculation. (Source: CED) executie (hypotheek) English: foreclosure English definition: To shut out, to bar, to destroy an equity of redemption. A termination of all rights of the mortgagor or his grantee in the property covered by the mortgage. The process by which a mortgagor of real or personal property, or other owner of property subject to a lien, is deprived of his interest therein. Procedure by which mortgaged property is sold on default of mortgagor in satisfaction of mortgage debt. In common usage, refers to enforcement of lien, trust deed, or mortgage in any method provided by law. (Source: WESTS) expediteur English: forwarding agent English definition: A person or business that specializes in the shipment and receiving of goods. (Source: OED) experiment English: experiment English definition: A test under controlled conditions that is made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried. (Source: MGH) experimentele studie English: experimental study English definition: Study based on experimentation. (Source: CED) expertensysteem English: expert system English definition: A computer configuration of hardware and software that simulates the judgment and behavior of a human or an organization with extensive knowledge in a particular field, often by giving answers, solutions or diagnoses. (Source: RHW / WIC) exploitatie van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen English: resource exploitation exploitatie van de oceaan English: ocean exploitation English definition: The utilization of the ocean for its food resources, mineral resources, and energy and water sources. (Source: PARCORa) exploitatie van de zeebodem English: sea bed exploitation English definition: Marine mineral resources extend far beyond those presently exploited; minerals are derived from two separate types of marine sources: from sedimentary deposits underlying the continental shelves and from inshore deposits on the surface of the continental shelves. By far the most valuable of the mineral resources exploited from marine environments is petroleum. Offshore placer deposits on the surface of the continental shelves yield gold, platinum, and tin. On the floors of the world's oceans manganese nodules are found as a result of pelagic sedimentation or precipitation; they are small, irregular, black to brown, friable, laminated concretionary masses consisting primarily of manganese salts and manganese-oxide minerals. (Source: PARCOR / BJGEO) extensieve veehouderij English: extensive cattle farming English definition: Farming system practiced in very large farms, characterized by low levels of inputs per unit area of land; in such situations the stocking rate, the number of livestock units per area , is low. (Source: GOODa) extractieve bedrijfstakken English: extractive industry English definition: Primary activities involved in the extraction of non-renewable resources. (Source: GOOD) fabriek English: industrial plant (building) English definition: Buildings where the operations related to industrial productive processes are carried out. (Source: ZINZAN) fabrieksuitrusting English: plant equipment English definition: The equipment, including machinery, tools, instruments, and fixtures necessary for an industrial or manufacturing operation. (Source: AMHER) fabriekswezen English: manufacturing trade English definition: The process or act of exchanging, buying or selling any manufactured product, or the raw materials for any manufacturing process. (Source: RHW / ISEP) faecesbacterieen English: faecal bacterium English definition: Bacteria contained in human and animal faeces. (Source: RRDA) familie English: family English definition: A group comprising parents, offsprings and others closely related or associated with them. (Source: LBC) familierecht English: family law English definition: Branch of specialty of law, also denominated 'domestic relations' law, concerned with such subjects as adoption, annulment, divorce, separation, paternity, custody, support and child care. (Source: BLACK) farmaceutische industrie English: pharmaceutical industry English definition: Concerted activity concerned with manufacturing pharmaceutical goods. (Source: MGH) farmacokinetica English: pharmacokinetics English definition: The study of the rates of absorption, tissue distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. (Source: LEE) farmacologie English: pharmacology English definition: The science dealing with the nature and properties of drugs, particularly their actions. (Source: MGH) fauna English: fauna English definition: The entire animal life of a given region, habitat or geological stratum. (Source: LBC) faunavervalsing English: bastardisation of fauna English definition: One of the possible consequences of the introduction of animal species in an area where they are not indigenous. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. (Source: RRDA / WPRa) federaal recht (D) English: federal law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules established by a government that has been constituted as a union of independent political units or states. (Source: BLD) Federal Immission Control Act English: Federal Immission Control Act English definition: The 1974 act, which protects against environmentally harmful effects of air pollution, noise, vibration and similar occurrences, was redrafted on 14/5/90, and amended last on 23/11/95. It forms the basis of nation-wide, comprehensive law on air quality, noise abatement and plant safety. The act contains, among other things, regulations for the construction and running of environmentally hazardous facilities, requirements for substances, the composition and running of motor vehicles, protection of particular areas and the appointment of company representatives for immissions and faults. (Source: UBADE) federale overheid English: federal authority English definition: The power of a central government agency or its administrators to carry out the terms of the law creating the agency as well as to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies. (Source: BLD) federale regering English: federal government English definition: A system in which a country or nation formed by a union or confederation of independent states is governed by a central authority or organization. (Source: BLD) fenol English: phenol English definition: A white crystalline soluble poisonous acidic derivative of benzene, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant and in the manufacture of resins, nylon, dyes, explosives and pharmaceuticals. (Source: CED) feromoon English: pheromone English definition: Any substance secreted by an animal which influences the behaviour of other individuals of the same species. (Source: MGH) fiets English: bicycle English definition: A vehicle with two wheels in tandem, pedals connected to the rear wheel by a chain, handlebars for steering, and a saddlelike seat. fietspad English: cycle path English definition: Part of the road or a special path for the use of people riding bicycles. (Source: CAMB) fijne stof English: fine dust English definition: Air-borne solid particles, originating from human activity and natural sources, such as wind-blown soil and fires, that eventually settle through the force of gravity, and can cause injury to human and other animal respiratory systems through excessive inhalation. (Source: ALL) fijnmechanica English: precision engineering English definition: Research and development, design, manufacture and measurement of high accuracy components and systems. It is related to mechanical, electronic, optical and production engineering, physics, chemistry, and computer and materials science. (Source: ASPE) film English: film English definition: A motion picture; a thin flexible strip of cellulose coated with a photographic emission, used to make negatives and transparencies. (Source: CED) filosofie English: philosophy English definition: The academic discipline concerned with making explicit the nature and significance of ordinary and scientific beliefs and investigating the intelligibility of concepts by means of rational argument concerning their presuppositions, implications, and interrelationships; in particular, the rational investigation of the nature and structure of reality (metaphysics), the resources and limits of knowledge (epistemology), the principles and import of moral judgment (ethics), and the relationship between language and reality (semantics). (Source: CED) filter English: filter English definition: A porous material for separating suspended particulate matter from liquids by passing the liquid through the pores in the filter and sieving out the solids. (Source: MGH) filteren van een beeld English: image filtering English definition: A remote sensing term related to image enhancement that refers to the removal of a spatial component of electromagnetic radiation. (Source: WHITa) filterkoek English: filter cake English definition: Accumulated solids, wet or dry, generated by any filtration process, including accumulation on fabric filters in air filtering processes, or accumulation of wet solids in liquid filtering processes. (Source: EED / ISEP) filtratie English: filtration English definition: Separation of suspended particles from a liquid, gas, etc., by the action of a filter. (Source: CED) financieel beheer English: financial management English definition: The management of acquisitions and the use of long- and short-term capital by a business. financieel fonds English: financial fund English definition: Monetary resources set aside for some purpose. (Source: RHW) financieel instrumenten English: financial instrument English definition: A generic term that refers to the many different forms of financing a business may use. For example - loans, shares, and bonds are all considered financing instruments. (Source: PGE) financiele bijdrage English: financial contribution English definition: Something given, including any form of income or price support; individual investor's monetary offering or contribution to common fund or stock; government agency's or lending aid agency's subsidy, grant, or other contribution to help bolster an economy. (Source: OED) financiele hulp English: financial aid English definition: The transfer of funds from developed to underdeveloped countries. (Source: GOODa) financiele markt English: financial market English definition: A place or institution in which buyers and sellers meet and trade monetary assets, including stocks, bonds, securities and money. (Source: RHW) financiele ondersteuning English: financial assistance English definition: Help and support provided on matters concerning money. (Source: ISEP / RHW) financiele vergoeding English: financial compensation English definition: The financial reparations that a claimant seeks or a court awards for injuries sustained or property harmed by another. (Source: IVW) financiele wet English: financial law financien English: finances English definition: The monetary resources or revenue of a government, company, organization or individual. (Source: RHW) financiering English: financing English definition: Procurement of monetary resources or credit to operate a business or acquire assets. (Source: WESTS) fixatie English: rainout English definition: Process by which particles in the atmosphere act as centres round which water can form drops which then falls as rain. (Source: PHC) flatgebouw English: apartment block English definition: An apartment building in which each apartment is individually wholly owned and the common areas are jointly owned. (Source: CED) flessedop English: bottle cap flora (gezamenlijke vegetatie) English: flora (biology) English definition: The plant life characterizing a specific geographic region or environment. (Source: MGH) floraherstel English: flora restoration English definition: The process of returning plant ecosystems and habitats to their original conditions. (Source: DUNSTE) floravervalsing English: bastardisation of flora English definition: One of the possible consequences of the introduction of plant species in an area where they are not indigenous. (Source: RRDA) flotatie English: flotation English definition: A process used to separate particulate solids by causing one group of particles to float; utilizes differences in surface chemical properties of the particles, some of which are entirely wetted by water, others are not. (Source: MGH) fluidica English: fluidics English definition: A control technology that employs fluid dynamic phenomena to perform sensing, control, information, processing, and actuation functions without the use of moving mechanical parts. (Source: MGH) fluor English: fluorine English definition: A gaseous or liquid chemical element; a member of the halide family, it is the most electronegative element and the most chemically energetic of the nonmetallic elements; highly toxic, corrosive, and flammable; used in rocket fuels and as a chemical intermediate. (Source: MGH) fluoridering English: fluoridation English definition: The addition of the fluorine ion to municipal water supplies in a final concentration of 0.8-1.6 ppm (parts per million) to help prevent dental caries in children. (Source: MGH) fokken English: breeding English definition: The application of genetic principles to the improvement of farm animals and cultivated plants. (Source: MGH) foktechniek English: breeding technique English definition: Term referring to the systems employed in animal rearing (extensive and intensive). (Source: RRDA) folklore English: folklore English definition: The traditional and common beliefs, practices and customs of a people, which are passed on as a shared way of life, often through oral traditions such as folktales, legends, anecdotes, proverbs, jokes and other forms of communication. (Source: VFP) fontein English: fountain English definition: A stream of water that is forced up into the air through a small hole, especially for decorative effect or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows. (Source: CAMB) fosfaat English: phosphate English definition: 1) Generic term for any compound containing a phosphate group.2) Any salt or ester of any phosphoric acid, especially a salt of orthophosphoric acid. (Source: MGH / CED) fosfaatvervanging English: substitution of phosphate English definition: Replacement of phosphate in detergents by environmentally safer substances, such as zeolite. The substitute will not act as a nutrient, and so will not cause eutrophication as a result of the accelerated growth of plants and microorganisms if it is released into waterways. (Source: WRIGHTa) fosfaatvervangingsmiddel English: phosphate substitute English definition: All substances that are able to substitute phosphate compounds in detergents; they must have the same chemical and physical properties and must be less polluting for the environment. (Source: RRDA) fosfaatverwijdering English: phosphate removal English definition: Replacement of phosphate in detergents by environmentally safer substances, such as zeolite. The substitute will not act as a nutrient, and so will not cause eutrophication as a result of the accelerated growth of plants and microorganisms if it is released into waterways. (Source: WRIGHTa) fosfor English: phosphorus English definition: A nonmetallic element used to manufacture phosphoric acid, in phosphor bronzes, incendiaries, pyrotechnics, matches, and rat poisons; the white or yellow allotrope is a soft waxy solid, soluble in carbon disulfide, insoluble in water and alcohol, and is poisonous and self-igniting in air; the red allotrope is an amorphous powder, insoluble in all solvents and is nonpoisonous; the black allotrope comprises lustrous crystals similar to graphite, and is insoluble in most solvents. (Source: MGH) fosforzuurhoudende meststof English: phosphatic fertiliser English definition: Fertilizer compound or mixture containing available (soluble) phosphate; examples are phosphate rock (phosphorite), superphosphates or triple superphosphates, nitrophosphate, potassium phosphate, or N-P-K mixtures. (Source: MGH) fossiel English: fossil English definition: Any remains, trace, or imprint of a plant or animal that has been preserved in the Earth's crust since some past geologic or prehistoric time. (Source: BJGEO) fossiele brandstof English: fossil fuel English definition: The energy-containing materials which were converted over many thousands of years from their original form of trees, plants and other organisms after being buried in the ground. Physical and chemical processes occurred in the Earth's crust that changed them into coal, peat, oil or natural gas. (Source: WRIGHT) fossiele bron English: plane source English definition: Pollution which arises from various activities with no discrete source. (Source: GRAHAW) foto English: photograph English definition: An image captured by a camera or some other device and reproduced as a picture, usually on a sensitized surface and formed by the chemical action of light or of radiant energy. (Source: MHD / RHW) fotochemisch effect English: photochemical effect English definition: The result or consequence of a chemical reaction caused by light or ultraviolet radiation. (Source: MHD) fotochemisch middel English: photochemical agent English definition: Agents which trigger off photochemical reactions. (Source: RRDA) fotochemische oxidant English: photochemical oxidant English definition: Any of the chemicals which enter into oxidation reactions in the presence of light or other radiant energy. (Source: MGH) fotochemische product English: photochemical product English definition: Degradation products that are produced by the action of light radiation. (Source: FLGISAa) fotochemische reactie English: photochemical reaction English definition: Chemical reaction which is initiated by light of a specific wavelength. In an environmental context an example is the potential action of ultraviolet light on CFCs which may bring about the detrimental degradation of the ozone layer. Photochemical reactions initiate the process of photosynthesis in which plants convert carbon dioxide into sugars, which are incorporated into cell materials. (Source: GRAHAW) fotochemische smog English: photochemical smog English definition: A combination of fog and chemicals that come from automobile and factory emissions and is acted upon by the action of the sun. Nitrogen dioxide, in the presence of the sun and some hydrocarbons, is turned into nitric oxide and atomic oxygen. The atomic oxygen reacts with the oxygen molecules and other constituents of automobile exhaust fumes to form a variety of products including ozone. The ozone is harmful in itself and is also implicated in a highly complex series of continuing reactions. As long as there is ozone or nitrogen dioxide and sunlight present, other undesirable reactions will occur. fotochemische vervuiling English: photochemical pollution English definition: Air pollution containing ozone and other reactive chemical compounds formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, especially those in automobile exhaust. fotografie English: photography English definition: The process of forming visible images directly or indirectly by the action of light or other forms of radiation on sensitive surfaces. (Source: MGH) fotogrammetrie English: photogrammetry English definition: The process of making measurements from photographs, used especially in the construction of maps from aerial photographs and also in military intelligence, medical and industrial research, etc. (Source: CED) fotosynthese English: photosynthesis English definition: The process by which plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and other compounds, using energy from the sun captured by chlorophyll in the plant. Oxygen is a by-product of the process. Photosynthesis is the essence of all plant life (autotrophic production) and hence of all animal life (heterotrophic production) on the planet Earth. The rate of photosynthesis depends on climate, intensity and duration of sunlight, available leaf area, soil nutrient availability, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and soil moisture regimes. (Source: DUNSTE) Franse tuin English: French formal garden freatisch water English: water table English definition: Water that occupies pores, cavities, cracks and other spaces in the crustal rocks. It includes water precipitated from the atmosphere which has percolated through the soil, water that has risen from deep magmatic sources liberated during igneous activity and fossil water retained in sedimentary rocks since their formation. The presence of groundwater is necessary for virtually all weathering processes to operate. Phreatic water is synonymous with groundwater and is the most important source of any water supply. (Source: WHIT) freon English: freon English definition: Trade name for a group of polyhalogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine and chlorine; an example is trichlorofluoromethane. (Source: MGH) fruit English: fruit English definition: A fully matured plant ovary with or without other floral or shoot parts united with it at maturity. (Source: MGH) fruitteelt English: fruit cultivation English definition: Cultivation of fruit trees for home consumption or on a commercial basis. (Source: CED) functionele (geschikte) termen English: functional terms furan English: furan English definition: A colourless flammable toxic liquid heterocyclic compound, used in the synthesis of nylon. (Source: CED) fysico-chemische analyse English: physicochemical analysis English definition: Analysis based on the physical changes associated with chemical reactions. (Source: UVAROVa) fysico-chemische behandeling English: physicochemical treatment English definition: Any processing of wastewater, toxic substances or other materials involving a combination of physical and chemical methods, such as physical processes including air-stripping or filtration and chemical processes including coagulation, chlorination or ozonation. (Source: TOE) fysico-chemische processen English: physicochemical process English definition: Processes involving changes in the physical properties and chemical structure of substances. (Source: CED) fysico-chemische zuivering English: physicochemical purification English definition: Used to concentrate waste brines and to remove solid organics and ammonia from aqueous solutions. Physical treatment consists of reverse osmosis, dialysis, electrodialysis, evaporation, carbon, adsorption, ammonia stripping, filtration, sedimentation, and flocculation. Chemical treatment consists of ion exchange, neutralization, oxidation, reduction, precipitation, and calcination. fysiologie English: physiology English definition: The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts. (Source: AMHER) fysisch milieu English: physical environment English definition: The material surroundings of a system, process or organism. (Source: APD) fysische aspecten, geluid,trillingen, straling English: physical aspects, noise, vibrations, radiations fysische chemie English: physical chemistry English definition: A science dealing with the effects of physical phenomena on chemical properties. (Source: LEE) fysische eigenschappen English: physical property English definition: Property of a compound that can change without involving a change in chemical composition. (Source: MGH) fysische geografie English: physical geography English definition: The study of the spatial and temporal characteristics and relationships of all phenomena within the Earth's physical environment. (Source: WHIT) fysische meting van milieuvervuiling English: physical measurement of pollution English definition: The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment using mechanical means, including optical, electrical, acoustical and thermodynamic techniques. (Source: APD / RHW) fysische oceanografie English: physical oceanography English definition: The study of the physical aspects of the ocean, the movements of the sea, and the variability of these factors in relationship to the atmosphere and the ocean bottom. (Source: MGH) fysische processen English: physical process English definition: A continuous action or series of changes which alters the material form of matter. (Source: RHW) fysische verontreiniging English: physical pollution English definition: The introduction or presence of harmful substances or forces in the environment that cause damage to the environment and its processes due to their material actions, as through vibration, thermal alteration or electromagnetic radiation. (Source: TOE / APD / LES) fysische vervuiler English: physical pollutant English definition: A pollutant characterized by its influence on environmental conditions caused by forces and operations of physics, such as noise, microwave radiation, vibration, etc. (Source: Landy) fytomassa English: phytomass English definition: Plant biomass; any quantitative estimate of the total mass of plants in a stand, population, or within a given area, at a given time. (Source: LBC) fytoplankton English: phytoplankton English definition: Planktonic plant life. (Source: MGH) fytosanitaire behandeling English: phytosanitary treatment English definition: Removal of heavy metals from water by the employment of plants or treatment by which plant organisms act to degrade hazardous organic contaminants or transform hazardous inorganic contaminants to environmentally safe levels in soils, subsurface materials, water, sludges, and residues. (Source: ENVAR / LBL) fytotoxiciteit English: phytotoxicity galvanisatie English: galvanisation English definition: The act of coating iron or steel with zinc, either by immersion in a bath of molten zinc or by deposition from a solution of zinc sulphate, to give protection against corrosion. (Source: ALL) gammastraling English: gamma radiation English definition: Radiation of gamma rays. (Source: MGH) gang; brede doorgang; doorgang English: corridor English definition: A physical linkage, connecting two areas of habitat and differing from the habitat on either side. Corridors are used by organisms to move around without having to leave the preferred habitat. (Source: DUNSTE) garrigue English: garrigue English definition: Mediterranean bush consisting of low evergreen shrubs and abundant herbaceous plants. (Source: ZINZAN) gas English: gas English definition: A substance that continues to occupy in a continuous manner the whole of the space in which it is placed, however large or small this place is mad, the temperature remaining constant. (Source: PITT) gasbedrijf English: gas company English definition: Company charged with the production and distribution of gas for domestic use. (Source: RRDA) gascentrale English: gas powered plant English definition: Power station which burns gas, as opposed to a coal-fired station or nuclear power station. (Source: GILP96) gaschromatografie English: gas chromatography English definition: A separation technique involving passage of a gaseous moving phase through a column containing a fixed phase; it is used principally as a quantitative analytical technique for volatile compounds. (Source: MGH) gasfabriek English: gaswork English definition: Place where gas, especially coal gas, is made. (Source: PHC) gasmengsel English: gas mixture gasmotor English: gas engine English definition: An internal combustion engine that uses gaseous fuel. (Source: MGH) gasnetwerk English: gas network English definition: Interconnected system of pipes for the distribution and supply of gas. (Source: PHC) gaspijpleiding English: gas pipeline English definition: A long pipe, especially underground, used to transport gas over long distances. (Source: CED) gasreservoir English: gas reservoir English definition: Large tank for storing coal gas or natural gas. (Source: PHC) gastarbeid English: migrant labour English definition: Temporary employment performed by persons who move from place to place, such as agricultural workers following crop seasons. (Source: RHW) gasvoorziening English: gas supply English definition: The provision and storage of any fuel gas, or the amount of any fuel gas stored, for the use of a municipality, or other fuel gas user. (Source: ISEP) gasvorm English: gaseous state English definition: State of matter in which the matter concerned occupies the whole of its container irrespective of its quantity. (Source: DICCHE) gasvormige luchtverontreiniger English: gaseous air pollutant English definition: Uncondensed or volatile gases, usually comprised of chemical compounds, discharged to the atmosphere. (Source: DEE) gaszuivering English: gas purification English definition: Removal of pollutants or contaminants from waste incineration or other combustion processes. (Source: MGHa) gebergtebeschrijving English: orography English definition: A rarely used word referring to the study of mountain systems and the depiction of their relief. (Source: WHIT) gebergte-ecosysteem English: mountain ecosystem English definition: Ecosystems found on high-mountains at low latitudes. Mountain ecosystems are very vulnerable. They are increasingly sensitive to soil erosion, landslide and rapid loss of habitat and genetic diversity. Widespread poverty and an increase in the numbers of mountain inhabitants lead to deforestation, cultivation of marginal lands, excessive livestock grazing, loss of biomass cover and other forms of environmental degradation. Because little is known about mountain ecosystems, Agenda 21 has proposed the establishment of a global mountain database. This is essential for the launch of programmes that would contribute to the sustainable development of mountain ecosystems. The proposals also focus on promoting watershed development and alternative employment for people whose livelihoods are linked to practices that degrade mountains. (Source: WRIGHT) gebied English: distribution area English definition: 1) The overall geographical distribution of a talon. 2) The range occupied by a community or other group. (Source: LBC) gebied dat voor meerdere doeleinden wordt gebruikt English: mixed use area English definition: Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production. (Source: RRDA) gebied tussen de hoog- en de laagwaterlijn English: intertidal zone English definition: 1) The area between land and sea which is regularly exposed to the air by the tidal movement of the sea. Marine organisms that inhabit the intertidal zones have to adapt to periods of exposure to air and to the waves created by wind, which makes it the most physically demanding of the marine habitats. 2) The shore zone between the highest and lowest tides. (Source: WRIGHT / LBC) gebladerte English: foliage English definition: The green leaves of a plant. (Source: CED) geboortebeperking English: birth control English definition: Limitation of the number of children born by preventing or reducing the frequency of impregnation. (Source: MGH) gebouw English: building English definition: Something built with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory. (Source: CED) gebruik van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen English: resource utilisation gebruik van afval als materiaal English: use of waste as material gebruik van afval voor energie-doeleinden English: use of waste as energy source gebruik van afvalwarmte English: waste heat utilisation English definition: Waste heat applications include space heating and refrigeration in urban areas, thawing of ice-bound seaways, agricultural use to stimulate growth and to extend the growing season and in aquaculture to stimulate the growth of algae, shellfish, and other potential marine food sources. (Source: PZ) gebruik van het warmtegevend vermogen English: utilisation of calorific value English definition: Calorific value is the heat per unit mass produced by complete combustion of a given substance. Calorific values are used to express the energy values of fuels; usually these are expressed in megajoules per kilogram. They are also used to measure the energy content of foodstuffs; i.e. the energy produced when the food is oxidized in the body. The units here are kilojoules per gram. Calorific values are measured using a bomb calorimeter (apparatus consisting of a strong container in which the sample is sealed with excess oxygen and ignited electrically. The heat of combustion at constant volume can be calculated from the resulting rise in temperature). (Source: DICCHE) gebruik van insektenbestrijdingsmiddelen English: utilisation of pesticides English definition: Use of chemical or biological substances to deliberately kill unwanted plants or animals. (Source: DUNSTE) gebruik vanplaatselijke grondstoffen English: local resource utilisation English definition: The use of a source of supply from a municipal or regional area, which can be readily drawn upon when needed. (Source: RHW) gebruikersvoordeel English: user advantage gebruiksbeperking English: restriction on use English definition: A limitation on the utilization of land or some other property, often inscribed in a deed or lease document. (Source: BLD) gebruikt water English: used water English definition: Wastewater or utilized water from a home, community, farm or industry, which is often discharged after utilization. (Source: WRT / TOE) geclassificeerde inrichting English: classified facility English definition: Facility that is forbidden to be disclosed outside a specified ring of secrecy for reasons of national security. (Source: WEBSTE) geclassificeerde plaats English: classified site English definition: Site which is declared protected because of its natural, landscape, artistic or archeological features in order to guarantee its conservation, maintenance and restoration. (Source: SKENEa) gecombineerd afvalwater English: combined waste water English definition: A mixture of domestic or industrial wastewater and surface runoff. (Source: ISEP / WWC) gecombineerd rioolsysteem English: combined sewer system English definition: A sewer intended to serve as a sanitary sewer and a storm sewer, or as an industrial sewer and a storm sewer. (Source: JJK) gecombineerd vervoer English: combined transport English definition: Transport in which more than one carrier is used, e.g. road, rail and sea. (Source: ECHO1) gedrag English: behaviour English definition: Any observable action or response of an organism, group or species to environmental factors. (Source: LBC) gedrag verbruiker English: consumer behaviour English definition: An observable pattern of activity concerned with the purchase of goods and services and susceptible to the influence of marketing and advertising strategies. (Source: CON) gedraging van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant behaviour gedragspatroon English: behaviour pattern English definition: A relatively uniform series of overt activities that can be observed with some regularity. (Source: DUNSTE) gedragswetenschappen English: behavioural science English definition: The study of the behaviour of organisms. (Source: ZINZAN / ALL) gegevens met geografische componenten English: geo-referenced data gegevens over de toestand van het milieu English: data on the state of the environment gegevens per hoofd (van de bevolking) English: per capita data gegevensanalyse English: data analysis English definition: The evaluation of digital data, i.e. data represented by a sequence of code characters. (Source: MGH) gegevensbank English: data base English definition: A computerized compilation of data, facts and records that is organized for convenient access, management and updating. (Source: WIC) gegevensbescherming English: data protection English definition: Policies, procedures or devices designed to maintain the integrity or security of informational elements in storage or in transmission. (Source: ISEP) gegevenscentrum English: data centre English definition: An organization established primarily to acquire, analyze, process, store, retrieve, and disseminate one or more types of data. (Source: MGH) gegevensdrager English: data carrier English definition: A medium on which data can be recorded, and which is usually easily transportable, such as cards, tape, paper, or disks. (Source: MGH) gegevensverwerking English: data processing English definition: Any operation or combination of operations on data, including everything that happens to data from the time they are observed or collected to the time they are destroyed. (Source: MGH) gegevensverwerving English: data acquisition English definition: The act of collecting and gathering individual facts, statistics or other items of information. (Source: RHW) gehalte aan adsorbeerbare organohalogenen (AOX) English: AOX value English definition: Organic halogens subject to absorption. This is a measure of the amount of chlorine (and other halogens) combined with organic compounds. (Source: PORT) gehalte aan rottend organisch materiaal English: saprobic index English definition: Indication or measure of the level of organic pollution. (Source: ALLa) gehalte aan verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant concentration English definition: A measure of the amount of a polluting substance in a given amount of water, soil, air, food or other medium. (Source: FFD) gehalte aan zware metalen English: heavy metal load English definition: The amount of stress put on an ecosystem by heavy metal pollution released into it. (Source: ISEP) gehoor (zintuig) English: hearing (sense) English definition: The general perceptual behaviour and the specific responses made in relation to sound stimuli. (Source: MGH) gehoor(systeem) English: hearing system English definition: The system that is concerned with the perception of sound, is mediated through the organ of Corti of the ear in mammals or through corresponding sensory receptors of the lagena in lower vertebrates, is normally sensitive in man to sound vibrations between 16 and 27.000 cycles per second but most receptive to those between 2.000 and 5.000 cycles per second, is conducted centrally by the cochlear branch of the auditory nerve, and is coordinated especially in the medial geniculate body. (Source: WEBSTE) gehoorbescherming English: hearing protection English definition: The total of measures and devices implemented to preserve persons from harm to the faculty of perceiving sound. (Source: OED) gehoorschade English: hearing impairment English definition: A decrease in strength or any abnormality or partial or complete loss of hearing or of the function of ear, or hearing system, due directly or secondarily to pathology or injury; it may be either temporary or permanent. geintegreerd bedrijfsbeheer English: integrated management English definition: Unified, combined and coordinated management of environmental problems which correlates relevant organisations, groups, individuals and disciplines by bringing the parts together for a complete approach. (Source: UNUN) geintegreerde milieubeschermingstechnologie English: integrated environmental protection technology English definition: Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Integrated environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. (Source: ENVAR) geintegreerde ongediertebestrijding English: integrated pest control English definition: A systematic, comprehensive approach to pest control that uses the insect's or rodent's own biology and behaviour to find the least toxic control methods at the lowest cost. (Source: KOREN) geintegreerde vervuilingsbeheersing English: integrated pollution control English definition: A procedure whereby all major emissions to land, air, and water are considered simultaneously and not in isolation to avoid situations in which one control measure for one medium adversely affects another. (Source: GILP96) gelaagdheid English: stratification English definition: The arrangement of a body of water, as a lake, into two or more horizontal layers of different characteristics, especially densities. (Source: MGH) gelaagdheid van de dampkring English: atmospheric layering English definition: Any one of a number of strata or layers of the earth's atmosphere; temperature distribution is the most common criterion used for denoting the various shell. Also known as atmospheric shell; atmospheric region. (Source: MGH) gelastigde voor gevaarlijke goederen English: commissioner for dangerous goods English definition: An authorized or appointed government official that regulates the production, use, transport or clean-up of materials that pose a threat to human health and to the environment, particularly materials that are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive or chemically reactive. (Source: TOE) geldtheorie English: theory of money English definition: A coherent group of general propositions about the supply and demand of money, interest rates, the flow of money's influence on the overall economy or the policies that should be adopted by institutions controlling the money supply. (Source: ODE / MGHME) geleedpotigen English: arthropod English definition: The largest phylum in the animal kingdom; adults typically have segmented body, a sclerotized integument, and many-jointed segmental limbs. (Source: MGH) geleidend vermogen English: conductivity English definition: The ratio of the electric current density to the electric field in a material. Also known as electrical conductivity. (Source: MGH) geluid English: noise English definition: Sound which is unwanted, either because of its effects on humans, its effect on fatigue or malfunction of physical equipment, or its interference with the perception or detection of other sounds. (Source: MGH) geluid English: sound English definition: Auditory sensation produced by the oscillations, stress, pressure, particle displacement, and particle velocity in a medium with internal forces; pressure variation that the human ear can detect. (Source: KOREN) geluid van vliegtuigen English: aircraft noise English definition: Effective sound output of the various sources of noise associated with aircraft operation, such as propeller and engine exhaust, jet noise, and sonic boom. (Source: MGH) geluid,lawaai,trillingen English: noise, vibrations geluiddicht maken English: soundproofing English definition: Reducing or eliminating reverberation in a room by placing sound-absorbing materials on the walls and ceiling. (Source: MGH) geluidsafscherming English: noise barrier English definition: Barriers for reducing the propagation of sound: they are widely used in industry and alongside roads and railways to shield receivers from noise sources. Barriers will not reduce the noise on the receivers side, but will increase it, unless the barrier is also covered in absorbing material. (Source: PARCOR) geluidsanalyse English: noise analysis English definition: Determination of the frequency components that make up a particular noise being studied. (Source: MGH) geluidsbeperking English: noise control English definition: The process to control the audible sound to an acceptable level. (Source: LEE) geluidscomfort English: acoustic comfort geluidseffect English: noise effect geluidseigenschap English: acoustic property English definition: The characteristics found within a structure that determine the quality of sound in its relevance to hearing. (Source: KOREN) geluidsemissie English: noise emission English definition: The release of noise into the environment from various sources that can be grouped in: transportation activities, industrial activities and daily normal activities. (Source: DIFID) geluidsemissie English: sound emission English definition: Diffusion into the environment of a sound emitted from a given source. (Source: RRDA) geluidsfilter English: acoustic filter English definition: A device employed to reject sound in a particular range of frequencies while passing sound in another range of frequencies. (Source: MGH) geluidshinder English: noise disturbance English definition: Noise interferes with communication and interferes with thought processes. Noise interferes with sleep, it causes anger and frustration, and has been implicated as a contributor to various psychological and physiological problems. Noise detracts from the quality of life and the environment. (Source: PZ) geluidshinder English: noise pollution English definition: Harmful or unwanted sounds in the environment, which in specific locals, can be measured and averaged over a period of time. (Source: APD) geluidsimmissie English: noise immission English definition: Immission in the environment of acoustic vibrations that negatively affect human beings, animals, plants or other objects. (Source: RRDA) geluidsimmissie English: sound immission English definition: The introduction in the environment of noise deriving from various sources that can be grouped in: transportation activities, industrial activities and daily normal activities. (Source: DIFIDa) geluidsisolatie English: acoustic insulation English definition: The process of preventing the transmission of sound by surrounding with a nonconducting material. (Source: CED) geluidskwaliteit English: acoustical quality English definition: The characteristics of a confined space that determines its ability to enable music and speech to be heard clearly within it. (Source: UVAROV) geluidsleer English: acoustics English definition: The science of the production, transmission and effects of sound. (Source: MGH) geluidsmeting English: noise measurement English definition: The process of quantitatively determining one or more properties of acoustic noise. (Source: MGH) geluidsmeting English: noise monitoring English definition: The systematic deployment of monitoring equipment for the purpose of detecting or measuring quantitatively or qualitatively the presence, effect, or level of noise. (Source: GILP96) geluidsmeting English: sound measurement English definition: Because of the large variations in sound magnitudes, and because the human hearing sensation seems to vary in a logarithmic way, logarithms are used in measurement of sound. The sound pressure level is given in decibels (dB). (Source: PARCOR) geluidsniveau English: acoustic level English definition: Physical quantity of sound measured, usually expressed in decibels. (Source: KORENa) geluidsniveau English: noise level English definition: Physical quantity of unwanted sound measured, usually expressed in decibels. (Source: KOREN) geluidsoverdracht English: sound transmission English definition: Passage of a sound wave through a medium or series of media. (Source: MGH) geluidsspectrum English: noise spectrum English definition: The range of frequencies occurring in the noise emitted by a source. (Source: UVAROV) geluidssterkte English: loudness English definition: The magnitude of the physiological sensation produced by a sound, which varies directly with the physical intensity of sound but also depends on frequency of sound and waveform. (Source: MGH) geluidssterkte English: sound level English definition: The sound pressure level (in decibels) at a point in a sound field, averaged over the audible frequency range and over a time interval. (Source: MGH) geluidsvoortplanting English: sound propagation English definition: The travelling of acoustic waves in the atmosphere with a speed independent of their amplitude. The speed only depends on the acoustic medium and is proportional to the square route of the absolute temperature for any given medium. (Source: RRDA / PARCOR) geluidswetgeving English: noise legislation English definition: Legislation introduced by many governments to prevent or restrict the emission of noise from industrial, commercial and domestic premises; from motor vehicles and aircraft; and from consumer appliances and equipment. (Source: GILP96) gemakkelijk afbreekbare stof English: weakly degradable substance English definition: A substance that is not easily converted to another, usually less complex compound. (Source: GILP96a) gematigd ecosysteem English: temperate ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions of or related to moderate climates, intermediate between tropical and polar zones and having distinct warm to hot summer seasons and cool to cold winter seasons. (Source: TOE / DOE) gematigd klimaat English: temperate climate English definition: The climate of the middle latitudes; the climate between the extremes of tropical climate and polar climate. (Source: MGH) gemeenschap English: society English definition: Human group of people, more or less large and complex, associated for some common interest and characterized by distinctive hierarchical relationships. (Source: ZINZAN) gemeenschap levend op een grondgebied English: territorial community English definition: An infrastructure, body of people or homogenous constituency that is physically situated in a localized exurban area. (Source: RHW / TEF) gemeenschappelijk handelsbeleid English: common commercial policy English definition: The set of uniform trade principles or practices established by an European Community customs union, which implements common tariff rates, tariff and trade agreements with non-member countries, import and export policies, and export promotion. (Source: EUR) gemeenschappelijk landbouwbeleid English: common agricultural policy English definition: The set of regulations and practices adopted by member countries of the European Community that consolidates efforts in promoting or ensuring reasonable pricing, fair standards of living, stable markets, increased farm productivity and methods for dealing with food supply or surplus. (Source: CNI) gemeenschappelijk tariefbeleid English: common tariff policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by member countries, in which it is agreed to impose a system of duties or tax charges on imports from non-member countries. (Source: ODE) gemeenschappelijke regeling English: common agreement English definition: A system of law established by following earlier judicial decisions and customs, rather than statutory or legislatively enacted law. (Source: BLD / WOR) gemeenschappelijke voorziening English: community facility English definition: Buildings, equipment and services provided for a community. (Source: CAMB) gemeenschapswetgeving English: Community ruling gemeente English: local authority English definition: The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies for a city, town or small district. (Source: BLD) gemeente English: municipality English definition: A town, city, or other district having powers of local self-government. (Source: LANDY) gemeentebegroting English: Community budget English definition: A schedule of revenues and expenditures for a specific time period that is devised by the European Community, a body of people organized into a political unity. (Source: MGHME / OED) gemeentelijk (vuil)stortplaats English: municipal dumping English definition: Place where a town's refuse is disposed of after it has been collected. (Source: PHC) gemeentelijk afval English: municipal waste English definition: The combined residential and commercial waste materials generated in a given municipal area. (Source: LANDY) gemeentelijk milieuplan English: municipal environment plan English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the management of a city or town's natural or ecological resources. (Source: OED) gemeentelijk verwarmingsnetwerk English: municipal heating network English definition: System of heating all houses in a urban district from a central source (as from hot springs in Iceland or by cooling water from a power station). (Source: PHC) gemeentelijk waterbeheer English: municipal water management English definition: Municipal water management deals with aspects of water supply and water technology concerning planning, processing, building and producing. It also concerns the problems of waste water collection, sewage disposal, waste water treatment in rural areas, water economising measures, water body quality management. (Source: TUBERL) gemeentelijke financien English: Community finance English definition: The financial resources or income of the European Community, a body of people organized into a political unity. (Source: ISEP / OED) gemeentelijke reiniging English: municipal cleansing English definition: The aggregation of services offered by a town or city in which streets and other public areas are kept clean, such as through trash pick-ups, street sweeping and decontamination of water, soil and other natural resources. (Source: FFD) gemeentelijke watervoorziening English: municipal water distribution system English definition: Any publicly or privately organized setup in which water is processed at a central plant and delivered to homes and businesses via water pipes. (Source: WQA) gemeenteniveau English: municipal level English definition: The jurisdiction, position or status of city, town or local government. (Source: DAM / OED) gemeentereinigingsdienst English: municipal cleansing service English definition: Removal for treatment or disposal of those residues that can be regarded as waste including removal of litter from public places, public thoroughfares or the countryside. (Source: ECHO1) gemeentewerken English: municipal engineering English definition: Branch of engineering dealing with the form and functions of urban areas. (Source: MGH) gemeentewet English: Community act gemengd (landbouw)bedrijf English: mixed farming English definition: Type of agriculture based on the combination of crop production and cattle raising. (Source: GREMES) gemengd bos English: mixed forest English definition: A forest composed of several tree species. (Source: FORGOVa) gemengd bos English: mixed woodland gemorste hoeveelheid English: spillage English definition: The uncontrolled discharge, leakage, dripping or running over of fluids or liquid substances. (Source: HMD) gen English: gene English definition: A unit of heredity composed of DNA occupying a fixed position on a chromosome. A gene may determine a characteristic of an individual by specifying a polypeptide chain that forms a protein or part of a protein (structural gene); or repress such operation (repressor gene). (Source: CED) geneeskrachtige plant(ensoort) English: medicinal plant English definition: Plants having therapeutic properties. (Source: CEDa) geneeskunde English: medicine (practice) English definition: The science and art of treating and healing. (Source: MGH) geneesmiddel English: drug (medicine) English definition: A chemical substance used internally or externally as a medicine for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment or cure of disease, for the relief of pain or to control or enhance physical or mental well-being. (Source: RHW, APD) genenbank English: gene bank English definition: Storehouses of seeds or vegetative tissue, kept in low humidity and temperature, to help maintain genetic diversity. Sometimes known as seed banks or germ plasm banks. their contents mostly originate from a wide range of primitive strains and wild crop varieties. The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), which was established in 1974, promotes the collection, documentation, evaluation, conservation and eventual use of genetic resources of significant plant species. Gene banks are the subject of international controversy because they contain seeds that have mostly been acquired from the developing countries by the industrially rich countries, where they have been used in breeding programmes to develop new strains. Instead of taking decades over a traditional plant breeding programme by fertilization, it is now possible to manipulate directly the genes of plants, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are plants modified to give a higher resistance to disease and improved growth and yields and, therefore, increase the profit of the plant breeder and farmer. (Source: WRIGHT) genetica English: genetics English definition: The science that is concerned with the study of biological inheritance. (Source: MGH) genetisch effect English: genetic effect English definition: Inheritable change, chiefly mutations produced by chemical substances, herbicides, radiations, etc. (Source: RRDA) genetisch gewijzigd organisme English: genetically modified organism English definition: An organism that has undergone external processes by which its basic set of genes has been altered. (Source: LEE) genetische diversiteit English: genetic diversity English definition: The variation between individuals and between populations within a species. (Source: WRIGHT) genetische hulpbronnen English: genetic resource English definition: The gene pool in natural and cultivated stocks of organisms that are available for human exploitation. It is desirable to maintain as diverse a range of organisms as possible, particularly of domesticated cultivars and their ancestors, in order to maintain a wide genetic base. The wider the genetic base, the greater the capacity for adaptation to particular environmental conditions. (Source: ALL2) genetische informatie English: genetic information English definition: The information for protein synthesis contained in the nucleotide sequences of the DNA polynucleotide chain. (Source: RRDA) genetische manipulatie English: genetic engineering English definition: 1) The complex of techniques for the production of new genes and the alteration of the structure of the chromosomes to produce effects beneficial to man, in agriculture and medicine.2) The intentional production of new genes and alteration of genomes by the substitution or addition of new genetic material. (Source: ZINZAN / MGH) genetische variatie English: genetic variation English definition: Change in one or more phenotypic characteristics, due to gene mutation or rearrangement, environmental effects, etc. (Source: DELFIN) genetische wijziging English: genetic modification English definition: Inheritable changes produced by ionizing radiation, exposure to certain chemicals, ingestion of some medication and from other causes. (Source: CONFER) genotoxiciteit English: genotoxicity geodesie English: geodesy English definition: A subdivision of geophysics which includes determination of the size and shape of the earth, the earth's gravitational field, and the location of points fixed to the earth's crust in an earth-referred coordinate system. (Source: MGH) geofysica English: geophysics English definition: The physics of the earth and its environment, that is, earth, air and space. (Source: MGH) geofysisch milieu English: geophysical environment English definition: The physical earth and its surroundings, consisting of the oceans and inland waters, lower and upper atmosphere, space, land masses and land forms. (Source: APD / ENZ) geogene factor English: geogenic factor English definition: Geogenic factors are those which originate in the soil, as opposed to those of anthropic origin (anthropogenic). (Source: RRDA) geografie English: geography English definition: The study of the natural features of the earth's surface, comprising topography, climate, soil, vegetation, etc. and man's response to them. (Source: CED) geografisch informatiesysteem English: geographic information system English definition: An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped. (Source: SFRC / GILP96) geografische eigenschap English: geographic attribute English definition: A characteristic or data element of a database that is associated with a geographical feature, such as the geographical location of a landform, property or structure. (Source: APD / FRE / KIN) geografische projectie English: geographical projection English definition: A representation of the globe constructed on a plane with lines representative of and corresponding to the meridians and parallels of the curved surface of the earth. (Source: GIS / RHW) geografische spreiding van hulpbronnen English: geographic distribution of resources English definition: The physical character and distribution of natural resources at the face of the Earth. The fundamental differences between land and ocean, latitudinal differences in insulation, spatial variations in receipts of precipitation, and patterns of geological composition and deformation of the Earth's crust together provide the basis for distinguishing definite geographical patterns of resource availability over the world. (Source: PARCORa) geografische verspreiding van de bevolking English: geographical distribution of population English definition: The number of inhabitants in or spread across designated subdivisions of an area, region, city or country. (Source: RHW) geologie English: geology English definition: The study or science of the earth, its history, and its life as recorded in the rocks; includes the study of geologic features of an area, such as the geometry of rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (Source: MGH) geologische processen English: geological process English definition: Dynamic actions or events that occur at the Earth's surface due to application of natural forces resulting from gravity, temperature changes, freezing and thawing, chemical reactions, seismic shaking, and the agencies of wind and moving water, ice and snow. Where and when a force exceeds the strength of the earth material, the material is changed by deformation, translocation, or chemical reactions. (Source: DUNSTE) geologische ramp English: geological disaster English definition: Disasters caused by movements and deformation of the earth's crust. (Source: ZINZANa) geometrische correctie English: geometric correction English definition: A remote sensing term referring to the adjustment of an image for geometric errors. (Source: DWEB) geomorfologie English: geomorphology English definition: The study of the classification, description, nature, origin, and development of present landforms and their relationships to underlying structures, and of the history of geologic changes as recorded by these surface features. (Source: BJGEO) geomorfologische processen English: geomorphic process English definition: The physical and chemical interactions between the Earth's surface and the natural forces acting upon it to produce landforms. The processes are determined by such natural environmental variables as geology, climate, vegetation and baselevel, to say nothing of human interference. The nature of the process and the rate at which it operates will be influenced by a change in any of these variables. (Source: WHIT) geotechniek English: geotechnics English definition: The application of scientific methods and engineering principles to civil engineering problems through acquiring, interpreting, and using knowledge of materials of the crust of the earth. (Source: MGH) geotechnologie English: geotechnology English definition: The application of scientific methods and engineering techniques to the exploitation and use of natural resources. (Source: BJGEO) geothermische energie English: geothermal energy English definition: An energy produced by tapping the earth's internal heat. At present, the only available technologies to do this are those that extract heat from hydrothermal convection systems, where water or steam transfer the heat from the deeper part of the earth to the areas where the energy can be tapped. The amount of pollutants found in geothermal vary from area to area but may contain arsenic, boron, selenium, lead, cadmium, and fluorides. They also may contain hydrogen sulphide, mercury, ammonia, radon, carbon dioxide, and methane. (Source: KOREN) geplande stedelijke ontwikkeling English: planned urban development English definition: Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in metropolitan areas following certain preparations or designs. (Source: CGP) geprefabriceerd gebouw English: prefabricated building English definition: Building whose sections are manufactured in specialized factories and later transported and assembled on a building site. (Source: CEDa) gerechtelijke handeling English: juridical act English definition: Acts relating to the administration of justice. (Source: CURZON) gerechtigheid English: justice English definition: The correct application of law as opposed to arbitrariness. (Source: CURZON) gerechtshof English: court of justice English definition: A tribunal having jurisdiction of appeal and review, including the ability to overturn decisions of lower courts or courts of first instance. (Source: BLD) geregistreerde plaats English: registered site English definition: Area which is officially registered because of its unique features; a description is provided concerning its location, size, latitude, longitude, orientation, elevation, boundaries, wildlife, hydrological and soil characteristics, etc. (Source: IUCNa) gescheiden afvalverwerking English: dual waste management English definition: To reduce the quantity of packaging waste, and thereby of overall MSW, Germany introduced a far-reaching legislation to reduce waste, based on the producer's responsibility principle. Industry was given the option to set up a third party organization which would carry out the collection and sorting of sales packaging for care of manufacturers and retailers. Thus, Some 600 companies created 'Duales System Deutschland' in 1990 ('Dual' because it meant creating a second collection system in parallel to the existing waste collection system of the local authorities). Duales System Deutschland (DSD), now has overall responsibility for the separate collection and recycling of packaging. At present, the Dual System is the only nationwide system for the collection and sorting of sales packaging. Packaging participating in this collection system is marked with the Green Dot. (Source: EPEBE) gescheiden inzameling English: separated collection English definition: The collection of individual components of solid waste from any source, usually separated into different collection containers, in order to recover, reuse or recycle the material or to facilitate its collection and disposal. (Source: GSW) gescheiden ophaling aan de bron English: sorting at source English definition: The classification and separation of solid waste, according to type, at the location where it is generated. (Source: EEN / FFD) gescheiden rioolstelsel English: separate sewer system English definition: Sewer system having distinct pipes for collecting superficial water and sewage water. (Source: FLGISA) geschiedenis English: history English definition: A systematic written account comprising a chronological record of events (as affecting a city, state, nation, institution, science, or art) and usually including a philosophical explanation of the cause and origin of such events. (Source: WEBSTE) geschiedkundig monument English: historical monument English definition: Monument built in memory of an historical event. (Source: RRDA) geschiedkundig onderzoek English: historical research English definition: The study of events in relation to their development over time. (Source: GOOD) geschiedkundige evolutie English: historical evolution English definition: The process by which small but cumulative changes in the learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge of a people occur from generation to generation. (Source: ANT) geschiedkundige kern English: historic centre English definition: That part of a town or city in which the principal public and historic buildings are located. (Source: GOOD) geschiedkundige plaats English: historical site English definition: Place where significant historical events occurred and which is important to an indigenous culture or a community. (Source: LANDYa) geschikte technologie English: appropriate technology English definition: 1) A flexible and participatory approach to developing economically viable, regionally applicable and sustainable technology.2) Technology designed to be used in developing countries. Typical requirements arethat it should: be easy to use by the unskilled; have no difficult-to-get parts; be easily repaired on the spot. Typical example: a simple windmill to pump water rather than a diesel-driven pump. The terms `alternative', `intermediate' and`appropriate' are often used interchangeably. (Source: IISD / VCN) gesteente English: rock English definition: Any aggregate of minerals that makes up part of the earth's crust. It may be unconsolidated, such as sand, clay, or mud, or consolidated, such as granite, limestone, or coal. (Source: CED) gesteentemechanica English: rock mechanics English definition: The theoretical and applied science of the physical behavior of rocks, representing a 'branch of mechanics concerned with the response of rock to the force fields of its physical environment'. (Source: BJGEO) getijcentrale English: tidal power station English definition: Power station where the generation of power is provided by the ebb and flow of the tides. The principle is that water collected at high tide behind a barrage is released at low tide to turn a turbine that, in turn, drives a generator. (Source: PORT / BRACK) getijde-energie English: tidal power English definition: Mechanical power, which may be converted to electrical power, generated by the rise and fall of ocean tides. The possibilities of utilizing tidal power have been studied for many generations, but the only feasible schemes devised so far are based on the use of one or more tidal basins, separated from the sea by dams (known as barrages), and of hydraulic turbines through which water passes on its way between the basins and the sea. (Source: ALL) getijwater English: tidal water English definition: Any water whose level changes periodically due to tidal action. (Source: MGH) geurhinder English: odour nuisance geurstof English: aromatic substance English definition: Substance having a distinctive, usually fragrant smell. (Source: CED) geurvervuiling English: olfactory pollution English definition: Pollution produced by gaseous emissions in the atmosphere that, even in very small amounts, may cause injuries or a condition of general unease or sickness to persons living in the vicinity. (Source: FLGISA) gevaar van vervuilende stoffen English: hazard of pollutants English definition: Risk or danger to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of a harmful substances into the ecosystem. (Source: RHW / TOE) gevaar voor de gezondheid English: health hazard gevaar voor de milieuhygiene English: environmental health hazard English definition: Any physical, chemical or other agent capable of causing harm to the interrelationship between humans and the surrounding external conditions, threatening both human well-being and ecological integrity. (Source: TOE) gevaar voor het milieu English: environmental hazard English definition: A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to the ecosystem or natural resources. (Source: FFD) gevaarlijk afval English: hazardous waste English definition: Any waste or combination of wastes with the potential to damage human health, living organisms or the environment. Hazardous wastes usually require special handling and disposal procedures which are regulated by national and international laws. (Source: HMD / DEE / HMH) gevaarlijk bouwmateriaal English: hazardous working material English definition: A poison, corrosive agent, flammable substance, explosive, radioactive chemical, or any other material which can endanger human health or well-being if handled improperly. (Source: MGH) gevaarlijk getij English: red tide English definition: Sea water which is covered or discoloured by the sudden growth of algal bloom or by a great increase in single-celled organisms, dinoflagellates. Red tides are often fatal to many forms of marine life and, in some cases, can result in human deaths because the dinoflagellates are eaten by clams and mussels which concentrate the paralysing toxins which they produce. (Source: WRIGHT) gevaarlijke goederen English: dangerous goods English definition: Goods or products that are full of hazards or risks when used, transported, etc. (Source: ISEP) gevaarlijke installatie English: dangerous installation English definition: Installations whose functioning involves the possibility of major hazards such as chemical plants, nuclear, coal and oil power production plants, etc. (Source: WPRa) gevaarlijke stof English: hazardous substance English definition: Any material that poses a threat to human health and/or the environment. Typical hazardous substances are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically reactive. (Source: LEE) gevaarlijke stoffen voor het milieu English: environmentally dangerous substance English definition: Substance that causes undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of human or other living organisms. (Source: VIRPURa) gevaarlijkestoffenwetgeving English: hazardous substances legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the production, use or clean-up of materials that pose a threat to human health and the environment, particularly materials that are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive or chemically reactive. (Source: TOE / BLD) gevaren English: hazard English definition: A physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to persons, property, animals, plants or other natural resources. (Source: FFD / HMD) gevaren, veiligheid English: risks, safety gevarenzone English: hazard area English definition: Any site or region in which there is a physical or chemical agent capable of causing harm to property, persons, animals, plants or other natural resources. (Source: FFD / HMD) gevoelig gebied English: sensitive area English definition: Areas of a country where special measures may be given to protect the natural habitats which present a high level of vulnerability. (Source: BRACK) gevoelig natuurgebied English: sensitive natural area English definition: Terrestrial or aquatic area or other fragile natural setting with unique or highly-valued environmental features. (Source: EPAGLO) gevoelige omgeving English: sensitive environment English definition: Any parcel of land, large or small, under public or private control, that already has, or with remedial action could achieve, desirable environmental attributes. These attributes contribute to the retention and/or creation of wildlife habitat, soils stability, water retention or recharge, vegetative cover, and similar vital ecological functions. Environmentally sensitive areas range in size from small patches to extensive landscape features. They can include rare or common habitats, plants and animals. (Source: DUNSTE) gevoeligheidsanalyse English: sensitivity analysis English definition: A formalized procedure to identify the impact of changes in various model components on model output. Sensitivity analysis is an integral part of simulation experimentation and may influence model formulations. It is commonly used to examine model behaviour. The general procedure is to define a model output variable that represents an important aspect of model behaviour. The values of various inputs of the model are then varied and the resultant change in the output variable is monitored. Large changes in the output variable imply that the particular input varied is important in controlling model behaviour. Within this general definition, sensitivity analysis has been applied to a variety of model inputs including state variables, environmental variables and initial conditions. (Source: YOUNG) gevolgd onderwijs English: educational path English definition: A guided trail, designed to explain to children a piece of countryside, the type of soil, flora, fauna, etc. Such trails may be self-guiding, using either explanatory notices set up at intervals or numbered boards referring to a printed leaflet: in other cases parties may be led by a demonstrator or warden. (Source: GOOD) gevolgen van lawaai op de gezondheid English: health effect of noise English definition: Noise consequences on human health consist in loss of hearing and psychological effects. (Source: KOREN) gevolgen van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution effect English definition: The main pollution effects concern human health and cover all aspects of the physical environment - air, water and land, including the effects of climate change. Human activities which are sources of pollution arise from domestic, commercial, industrial and military sectors and their effects are influenced by various issues, trends and public sector programmes, such as safe water and food, management of waste, increasing use of chemicals in agriculture, and urbanization. Types of pollutants which are negatively impacting health include litter, toxic chemicals, nuclear waste, lead, spoil from mining, food and water contaminants; and the polluting effects of over-population. (Source: WPR) gevolgen, invloeden, effecten English: effects, impacts gewasbehandeling English: crop treatment English definition: Use of chemicals in order to avoid damage of crops by insects or weeds. (Source: WRIGHTa) gewasbescherming English: crop protection English definition: The problem of crop protection has changed dramatically since 1945. There is now a whole arsenal of chemicals with which to combat agricultural pests and diseases, but this development has itself many drawbacks. Such sophisticated techniques are available only to a minority of farmers; in most parts of the world the standard of crop protection remains abysmally low. In addition, modern crop protection methods have been criticized for relying too heavily on chemical control. Biological controls, both natural and contrived, have been neglected. In some cases involving misuse of agricultural chemicals, crops must be protected from the very measures intended for their protection. Meanwhile previously localized pests and diseases continue to spread worldwide. (Source: WPR) gewasbescherming English: plant protection English definition: Conservation of plant species that may be rare or endangered, and of other plants of particular significance. (Source: GILP96) gewasbeschermingsmiddel English: plant protection product English definition: Any substance or mixture of substances which through physiological action protects the plants against parasites, fungi, virus, or other damaging factors. (Source: KORENa) gewassenteelt English: crop production English definition: The act or process of yielding produce from farmland, for livestock or human consumption. (Source: RHW / AGP) gewervelde dieren English: vertebrate English definition: Any chordate animal of the subphylum Vertebrata, characterized by a bony or cartilaginous skeleton and a well-developed brain: the group contains fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. (Source: CED) gewest English: region English definition: A designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical territory that is formulated according to some biological, political, economic or demographic criteria. (Source: RHW / ISEP) gewestelijk natuurpark English: regional natural park English definition: A park operated and managed by a region. (Source: LANDY) gewestelijk voorschrift English: regional law gewestelijke gezag English: regional authority English definition: The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific geographical area, usually falling under the jurisdiction of two or more states. (Source: BLD) gewestelijke ontwikkeling English: regional development English definition: The progress or advancement for a large geographical territory or a designated division of a country or state, particularly in economic growth that leads to modernization or industrialization. (Source: RHW) gewestelijke overeenkomst English: regional convention English definition: An assembly of national, political party or organizational delegates representing persons or the interests of a specific geographic area, or the pact or the agreement that arises from such an assembly. (Source: BLD) gewestelijke planning English: regional planning English definition: The step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of actions to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives for a designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical area. (Source: RHW / BLD) gewestelijke verordening English: regional regulation English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty pertaining to or effective within a specific territory of one or more states. (Source: BLD / RHW) gewestplan English: regional plan English definition: The plan for a region according to some physiographic, biological, political, administrative, economic, demographic, or other criteria. (Source: LANDY) geweststatistieken English: regional statistics geweststructuur English: regional structure English definition: The organization or arrangement of a large geographical territory or a designated division of a country or state that may be formulated according to some administrative, biological, political, economic or demographic criteria. (Source: RHW) geweven stof English: fabric English definition: Any cloth made from yarn or fibres by weaving, knitting, felting, etc. (Source: CED) gewicht English: weight English definition: The gravitational force with which the earth attracts a body. By extension, the gravitational force with which a star, planet, or satellite attracts a nearby body. (Source: MGH) gewoonte en gebruik English: custom and usage English definition: A group pattern of habitual activity usually transmitted across generations and, in some instances, having the force of law. (Source: ISEP / RHW) gezagsdragende instelling English: authority body English definition: An organized assemblage of authorized persons or officials empowered to implement and enforce laws, oversee jurisdictions, settle disputes, adjudicate or make some other legal determination. (Source: RHW / BLD) gezamenlijke afvalwaterverwerking English: collective wastewater treatment gezamenlijke tenuitvoerlegging (Conferentie van Rio de Janeiro) English: joint implementation (Rio Conference) gezamenlijke verbranding English: co-incineration English definition: Joint incineration of hazardous waste, in any form, with refuse and/or sludge. (Source: LEE) gezinshuishouden English: private household English definition: Living quarters where a group of persons (family) live together. (Source: GOOD) gezinsplanning English: family planning English definition: The control of the number of children in a family and of the intervals between them, especially by the use of contraceptives. (Source: CED) gezinstoestand English: marital status English definition: The standing of an individual with regard to a legally recognized conjugal relationship, either in the present or past. (Source: RHW) gezondheid English: health English definition: A state of dynamic equilibrium between an organism and its environment in which all functions of mind and body are normal. (Source: MGH) gezondheid van dieren English: animal health gezondheid, voeding English: health, nutrition gezondheidsbescherming English: health protection gezondheidsdienst English: health service English definition: The supply of health care to the public. (Source: CEDa) gezondheidssteun English: sanitary assistance gezondheidsvoorschrift English: health regulation English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government or management to promote or protect the soundness of human bodies and minds in the workplace, at home or in the general environment. (Source: BLD / RHW) gezondheidswetgeving English: health legislation English definition: Laws, ordinances, or codes prescribing sanitary, clean air, etc., standards and regulations, designed to promote and preserve the health of the community and working conditions of businesses. (Source: BLACK) gezondheidszorg English: health care gezondmaking van het milieu English: environmental sanitation giftig afval English: toxic waste English definition: Refuse posing a significant hazard to the environment or to human health when improperly handled; includes carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic or phytotoxic wastes, or wastes harmful to aquatic species, or poisonous wastes. (Source: DEE / HMD) giftig effect English: toxic effect English definition: A result produced by the ingestion or contact of poisonous materials. (Source: RRDA) giftig metaal English: toxic metal English definition: Metals (usually heavy metals) which interfere with the respiration, metabolism or growth of organisms. (Source: EPAGLO) giftig product English: toxic product English definition: Any product which can cause acute or chronic injury to the human body or which is suspected of being able to cause disease or injury under some conditions. (Source: KOREN) giftige stof English: toxic substance English definition: A chemical or mixture that may present a risk or injury to health or the environment. (Source: LANDY) giftige stof English: toxin English definition: A poisonous substance generally of plant or animal origin. (Source: LANDY) giftigheid English: toxicity English definition: The degree of danger posed by a substance to animal or plant life. (Source: LANDY) giftigheid van bestrijdingsmiddelen English: toxicity of pesticides giftigheidsboordeling English: toxicological assessment English definition: The process of characterizing and evaluating the inherent toxicity of a chemical substance, a poison, etc. (Source: KORENa) giftigheidsonderzoek English: toxicological testing English definition: Test for the determination of the inherent toxicity of a chemical. (Source: KOREN) gips English: gypsum English definition: A colourless or white mineral used in the building industry and in the manufacture of cement, rubber, paper and plaster of Paris. (Source: CED) gipsafval English: waste gypsum English definition: By-product of the wet limestone flue gas desulphurisation process. (Source: PORTa) GIS digitaal formaat English: GIS digital format English definition: The digital form of data collected by remote sensing. (Source: YOUNG) GIS digitaal systeem English: GIS digital system English definition: An organized collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store, update, manipulate, analyze, and display all forms of geographically referenced information that can be drawn from different sources, both statistical and mapped. (Source: SFRC / GILP96) GIS digitale techniek English: GIS digital technique English definition: The transformation to digital form of data collected by remote sensing, traditional field and documentary methods and of existing historical data such as paper maps, charts, and publications. (Source: YOUNG) GIS laboratorium English: GIS laboratory English definition: A laboratory where GIS data drawn from different sources are stored, handled, analyzed and updated. (Source: GILP96a) gist English: yeast English definition: Many species of unicellular fungi, most of which belong to the Ascomycetes and reproduce by budding. The genus Saccharomyces is used in brewing and winemaking because in low oxygen concentration it produces zymase, an enzyme system that breaks down sugars to alcohol and carbon dioxide. Saccharomyces is also used in bread-making. Some yeasts are used as a source of protein and of vitamins of the B group. (Source: ALL) gisting English: fermentation English definition: Any enzymatic transformation of organic substrates, especially carbohydrates, generally accompanied by the evolution of gas; a physiological counterpart of oxidation, permitting certain organisms to live and grow in the absence of air; used in various industrial processes for the manufacture of products, such as alcohols, acids, and cheese by the action of yeasts, molds, and bacteria; alcoholic fermentation is the best-known example. Also known as zymosis. (Source: MGH) glaciologie English: glaciology English definition: 1) The study of all aspects of snow and ice; the science that treats quantitatively the whole range of processes associated with all forms of solid existing water. 2) The study of existing glaciers and ice sheets, and of their physical properties. (Source: BJGEO) glas English: glass English definition: A hard, amorphous, inorganic, usually transparent, brittle substance made by fusing silicates, sometimes borates and phosphates, with certain basic oxides and then rapidly cooling to prevent crystallization. (Source: MGH) glasafval English: waste glass English definition: Discarded material from the glass manufacturing process or from used consumer products made of glass. (Source: GMR) glasindustrie English: glass industry English definition: Industry for the production of glassware. (Source: CED) glastuinbouw English: greenhouse cultivation English definition: Cultivation of plants, especially of out-of-season plants, in glass-enclosed, climate-controlled structures. (Source: MGH) glasvezel English: fibreglass English definition: A material made from small fibres of glass twisted together, which is used for keeping buildings warm, or a plastic strengthened by these fibres and used for making structures such as the outsides of cars and boats. (Source: CAMB) gletsjer English: glacier English definition: Slow moving masses of ice which have accumulated either on mountains or in polar regions. They are found where warm, moist air or warm water meets cold air or water. They move, influenced by the force of gravity and the pressure of the ice, above the underlying slush layers and slide downhill, eventually melting at lower levels to form rivers or reaching sea-level, where they form ice shelves or fall into the water as icebergs. (Source: WRIGHT) godsdienst English: religion English definition: The expression of man's belief in and reverence for a superhuman power recognized as the creator and governor of the universe. goederen English: goods English definition: A term of variable content and meaning. It may include every species of personal chattels or property. Items of merchandise, supplies, raw materials, or finished goods. Land is excluded. (Source: DICLAW / WESTS) goederen en diensten English: goods and services English definition: The total of economic assets, including both physical or storable objects and intangible acts of human assistance. (Source: ODE) goedkeuring English: approval goedkeuring van installaties English: approval of installations English definition: Authorization or permission for setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus. (Source: OED) goedkope vlag English: flag of convenience English definition: Practice of registering a merchant vessel with a country that has favourable (i.e. less restrictive ) safety requirements, registration fees, etc. golf English: golf English definition: A game played on a large open course, the object of which is to hit a ball using clubs, with as few strokes as possible, into each of usually 18 holes. golfenergie English: wave energy English definition: Power extracted from the motion of sea waves at the coast. (Source: CED) golvenstroming op zee English: swell English definition: A regular movement of marine waves created by wind stress in the open ocean which travels considerable distances away from the generating field and into another wind field. The waves are characterized by relatively smooth, generally unbroken, crests and a fairly regular wavelength, but swell increases in wavelength and decreases in wave height as it moves away from the generating area. Local wind waves may be superimposed upon swell waves as they approach a coastline, thereby creating sharper crests and a choppy sea. (Source: WHIT) goudwieren English: chrysophyta English definition: The golden-brown and orange-yellow algae; a diverse group of microscopically small algae which inhabit fresh and salt water, many being planktonic. They contain carotenoid pigments and may be unicellular, colonial, filamentous or amoeboid. (Source: ALL) graad English: rate English definition: The amount of change in some quantity during a time interval divided by the length of the time interval. (Source: MGH) graan English: grain English definition: Edible, starchy seeds of the grass family (Graminae) usable as food by man and his livestock. (Source: MGH) grafieklijn English: progress line English definition: A diagrammatic presentation of observed data in the sequence of their occurrence in time, in the context of water flow. (Source: ECHO1) granulometrie English: granulometry English definition: 1) The determination of the different grain size in a granular material.2) The proportion by weight of particles of different sizes in granular material. (Source: ECHO2) grasachtigen English: graminaceous plant English definition: A very large family of plants including cereals such as wheat, maize, etc. (Source: PHC) grasbrand English: grass fire English definition: A conflagration in or destroying large areas of any vegetation in the Gramineae family as found in fields, meadows, savannas or other grasslands. (Source: ISEP / ALL) grasland English: grassland English definition: Grassland cover nearly one-fifth of the Earth's land surface. They include savannah, the prairies of North America, and the steppes of Russia and Central Asia. Grassland ecosystems support thousands of different species, above and below the ground, and have a vital part to play maintaining the ecological balance of the world. (Source: WRIGHT) grassen English: grass English definition: A very large and widespread family of Monocotyledoneae, with more than 10.000 species, most of which are herbaceous, but a few are woody. The stems are jointed, the long, narrow leaves originating at the nodes. The flowers are inconspicuous, with a much reduced perianth, and are wind-pollinated or cleistogamous. The fruit in single-seeded, usually a caryopsis. Grasses are the most important of all plants for food. (Source: ALL) grens English: border English definition: The dividing line or frontier between political or geographic regions. (Source: CED) grens van de algemene noodtoestand English: public emergency limit grensgebied English: marginal land English definition: Low quality land the value of whose production barely covers its cultivation costs. (Source: PAENS) grenslaag English: boundary layer English definition: The layer of fluid adjacent to a physical boundary in which the fluid motion is significantly affected by the boundary and has a mean velocity less than the free stream value. (Source: LBC) grensoverschrijdende vervuiling English: transboundary pollution English definition: Polluted air and water, or any other contaminated waste, that is generated in one country and transmitted to others. (Source: BRACK) grensoverschrijding English: boundary crossing English definition: Crossing of a state border. (Source: RRDA) grensvlak tussen het oceaanwater en de lucht English: ocean-air interface English definition: The sea and the atmosphere are fluids in contact with one another, but in different energy states - the liquid and the gaseous. The free surface boundary between them inhibits, but by no means totally prevents, exchange of mass and energy between the two. Almost all interchanges across this boundary occur most effectively when turbulent conditions prevail. A roughened sea surface, large differences in properties between the water and the air, or an unstable air column that facilitates the transport of air volumes from sea surface to high in the atmosphere. Both heat and water (vapor) tend to migrate across the boundary in the direction from sea to air. Heat is exchanged by three processes: radiation, conduction, and evaporation. The largest net exchange is through evaporation, the process of transferring water from sea to air by vaporization of the water. (Source: PARCOR) grensvlakspanning English: surface tension English definition: The force acting on the surface of a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface; quantitatively, the force that appears to act across a line of unit length on the surface. Also known as interfacial force; interfacial tension; surface intensity. (Source: MGH) grenswaarde English: limit value English definition: A workplace exposure criterion or standard that determines if a facility or building has a concentration of a substance to which most workers can be exposed without harmful or adverse effects. (Source: HEG) grenswaarde English: threshold value English definition: The maximum concentration of a particular substance to which a worker should be exposed in a given period of time. (Source: BRACK) grind English: gravel English definition: A mixture of rock fragments and pebbles that is coarser than sand. (Source: CED) grindgroeve English: gravel pit English definition: A place where gravel is dug out of the ground. (Source: CAMB) grindwinning English: gravel extraction English definition: Obtaining a mixture of coarse sand and small water- worn or pounded stones, (used for paths and roads and as an aggregate) from the earth. (Source: GILP96a) groenbemester English: green manure English definition: Herbaceous plant material plowed into the soil while still green. (Source: MGH) groene (door)gang English: green corridor English definition: Avenues along which wide-ranging animals can travel, plants can propagate, genetic interchange can occur, populations can move in response to environmental changes and natural disasters, and threatened species can be replenished from other areas. (Source: WILDLAa) groene groente English: green vegetable English definition: A vegetable having the edible parts rich in chlorophyll and forming an important source of vitamins and micronutrients. (Source: WEBSTE) groene revolutie English: green revolution English definition: The name given to the widespread development of high-yield strains of wheat, corn and rice during the 1960s and early 1970s. It was more formally known as the Indicative World Plan for Agricultural Development. The revolution came after the Food and Agricultural Organization held the World Food Congress in 1963. A 'Freedom from Hunger' campaign was set up with the goal of increasing food supplies and solving the world's hunger problems. (Source: WRIGHT) groene zoom English: peripheral park area English definition: A zone of the park where scientific research is allowed. Beyond this there is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. (Source: WRIGHTa) groengordel English: greenbelt English definition: 1) An area of land, not necessarily continuous, near to and sometimes surrounding a large built-up area. The area is kept open by permanent and severe restriction on building. 2) An irrigated, landscaped, and regularly maintained fuelbreak, usually put to some additional use, such as a golf course, park, or playground. 3) A planning designation that mandates the setting aside of otherwise developable lands for the purpose of creating natural or semi-natural open spaces. Greenbelts are usually linear parkways, tracts, or belts of land running through or around urban conurbations.4) An area or zone of open, semi-rural, low-density land surrounding existing major urban areas, but not necessarily continuous. The zone is to be kept open by permanent and severe restrictions on new development. (Source: ALL / DUNSTE / GOOD) groente English: vegetable English definition: Any of various herbaceous plants having parts that are used as food. (Source: CED) groenteteelt English: vegetable cultivation English definition: Cultivation of herbaceous plants that are used as food. (Source: CEDa) groenvoorziening English: green space English definition: A plot of vegetated land separating or surrounding areas of intensive residential or industrial use and devoted to recreation or park uses. (Source: LANDY) groepsgedrag English: group behaviour English definition: An observable pattern of activity displayed by persons in and as an aggregate. (Source: RHW) groeve; steengroeve English: quarry English definition: An open or surface working or excavation for the extraction of building stone, ore, coal, gravel, or minerals. (Source: MGH) grondbelasting English: land tax English definition: Property tax. A tax laid upon the legal or beneficial owner of real property, and apportioned upon the assessed value of his land. (Source: WESTS) gronddruk English: soil loading English definition: In soil mechanics and civil engineering the term is used to denote the increased weight brought to bear on the ground surface. (Source: WHIT) grondgebied English: territory English definition: An area that an animal or group of animals defends, mainly against members of the same species. (Source: ALL) grondgebruik English: land use English definition: The term land use deals with the spatial aspects of all human activities on the land and with the way in which the land surface is adapted, or could be adapted, to serve human needs. (Source: GOOD) grondgebruiksplan English: land use plan English definition: The key element of a comprehensive plan; describes the recommended location and intensity of development for public and private land uses, such as residential, commercial, industrial, recreational and agricultural. (Source: LANDY) grondgebruiksplanning English: land use planning English definition: The interdisciplinary process of evaluating, organising, and controlling the present and the future development and use of lands and their resources in terms of their suitability on sustained yield basis. Includes an overall ecological evaluation in terms of specific kinds of uses as well as evaluations of social, economic, and physical contexts to the land concerned. (Source: UNUN) grondgebruiksregime English: land use regime English definition: Relation existing between the landowner and the tenant farmer who cultivates the land. (Source: ECHO1) grondgebruiksstelsel English: soil use regime English definition: Type of management and utilization of the soil. (Source: GOODa) grondsoort English: soil type English definition: A phase or subdivision of a soil series based primarily on texture of the surface soil to a depth at least equal to plow depth (about 15 cm). (Source: BJGEO) grondstof English: raw material English definition: A crude, unprocessed or partially processed material used as feedstock for a processing operation. (Source: MGH) grondstoffen English: resources grondstoffen, hulpbronnen English: resources (utilisation of resources) grondstofverbruik English: raw material consumption English definition: The developed countries depend on a stable supply of raw materials for their industries. Total resource requirements are increasing rapidly over the entire world. In developed countries, although population is increasing slowly, per capita use is increasing rapidly, while the opposite is happening in developing countries. Traditionally raw materials have been classified as non-renewable resources, but a distinction may be important between 'loosable' resources, such as oil and coal, and 'non-loosable' resources, such as metals, which can be used several times over by recycling processes. (Source: WPR) grondverbetering English: soil improvement English definition: Process of protecting the soil from excessive erosion and making soil more fertile and productive. (Source: LANDY) grondverharding English: soil stabilisation English definition: Chemical or mechanical treatment designed to increase or maintain the stability of a soil mass or otherwise to improve its engineering properties, as by increasing its shear strength, reducing its compressibility, or decreasing its tendency to absorb water. Stabilization methods include physical compaction and treatment with cement, lime, and bitumen. (Source: BJGEO) grondwaarde English: land value English definition: The monetary or material worth in commerce or trade of an area of ground considered as property. (Source: RHW) grondwater English: groundwater English definition: Water that occupies pores and crevices in rock and soil, below the surface and above a layer of impermeable material. It is free to move gravitationally, either downwards towards the impermeable layer or by following a gradient. (Source: ALL) grondwater; diep grondwater English: soil water English definition: Water stored in soils. (Source: LANDY) grondwaterbescherming English: groundwater protection English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of fresh water found beneath the earth's surface, usually in aquifers, which supply wells and springs. (Source: RHW / TOE) grondwaterkwaliteit English: groundwater quality English definition: Groundwater accounts for over 95% of the earth's useable fresh-water resources; over half the world's population depends on groundwater for drinking-water supplies. This invisible resource is vulnerable to pollution and over-exploitation. Effective conservation of groundwater supplies requires the integration of land-use and water management. (Source: GILP96) grondwaterverontreiniging English: groundwater pollution English definition: Contamination of any water found under the earth's surface by any leaching pollutants, such as inorganic compounds (chlorides, nitrates, heavy metals, etc.), synthetic organic chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.) and pathogens (bacteria, parasites, etc.). grondwaterwinning English: groundwater extraction English definition: The process, deliberate or inadvertent, of extracting ground water from a source at a rate so in excess of the replenishment that the ground water level declines persistently, threatening exhaustion of the supply or at least a decline of pumping levels to uneconomic depths. (Source: BJGEO) groot wild English: big game English definition: Large wild animals that weigh typically more than 30 lb when fully grown, hunted for food, sport or profit. (Source: CORBIT / AMHER) groothandel English: wholesale trade English definition: The business of selling goods to retailers in larger quantities than they are sold to final consumers but in smaller quantities than they are purchased from manufacturers. (Source: CED) grote risico English: major risk English definition: The high probability that a given hazard or situation will yield a significant amount of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property , disruption of economic activity or harm to the environment; or any product of the probability of occurrence and the expected magnitude of damage beyond a maximum acceptable level. (Source: TOE / HMD) grote verbrandingsinstallatie English: large combustion plant English definition: Any sizable building which relies on machinery that converts energy released from the rapid burning of a fuel-air mixture into mechanical energy. (Source: PMA) haag English: hedge English definition: A line of closely planted bushes or shrubs, marking the boundaries of a field. The type of hedge varies between parts of the country, and its age can be dated from the number of species of tree and shrub present. Over the last thirty years hedge-row removal has had a marked visual effect on lowland agricultural landscapes. From the farmer's point of view, in areas of predominant arable or intensively managed grazing, there is little or no economic justification for retaining hedges. (Source: GOOD) habitat English: habitat English definition: 1) The locality in which a plant or animal naturally grows or lives. It can be either the geographical area over which it extends, or the particular station in which a specimen is found.2) A physical portion of the environment that is inhabited by an organism or population of organisms. A habitat is characterized by a relative uniformity of the physical environment and fairly close interaction of all the biological species involved. In terms of region, a habitat may comprise a desert, a tropical forest, a prairie field, the Arctic Tundra or the Arctic Ocean. (Source: WRIGHT / GILP) hagedissen English: lizard English definition: Any reptile of the suborder Lacertilia, especially those of the family Lacertidae, typically having an elongated body, four limbs, and a small tail: includes the gechos, iguanas, chameleons, monitors, and slow worms. (Source: CED) hagel English: hail English definition: Precipitation in the form of balls or irregular lumps of ice, always produced by convective clouds, nearly always cumulonimbus. (Source: MGH) hakhoutbosje English: coppice English definition: A growth of small trees that are repeatedly cut down at short intervals; the new shoots are produced by the old stumps. (Source: MGH) halffabricaat English: semimanufactured product English definition: Product that has undergone a partial processing and is used as raw material in a successive productive step. (Source: ZINZAN) halfgeleider English: semiconductor English definition: A solid crystalline material whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator and is usually strongly temperature-dependent. (Source: MGH) halfmetaal English: semi-metal English definition: An element having some properties characteristic of metals and others of non-metals. Many metalloids give rise to an amphoteric oxide (e.g. arsenic or antimony) and many are semiconductors. (Source: UVAROV) haloform English: haloform English definition: A haloalkane, containing three halogen atoms, e.g. iodoform, CHI3; a haloform reaction is a reaction to produce haloforms from a ketone. For example, if propanone is treated with bleaching powder, the chlorinated ketone so formed reacts to form chloroform. (Source: UVAROV) halogeenbevattende verontreinigende stof English: halogenated pollutant English definition: An organic compound bonded with one of the five halogen elements (astatine, bromine, chlorine, fluorine, and iodine). Several of these compounds contribute to reductions in the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere. (Source: OER / ERG) halogeenbifenyl English: halogenated biphenyl English definition: Halogen derivatives of biphenyl. (Source: MGH) halogeenfenol English: halogenated phenol English definition: Halogen derivatives of phenol. (Source: MGHa) halogeenkoolwaterstof English: halogenated hydrocarbon English definition: One of a group of halogen derivatives of organic hydrogen and carbon containing compounds; the group includes monohalogen compounds (alkyl or aryl halides) and polyhalogen compounds that contain the same or different halogen atoms. (Source: MGH) halogeenterphenyl English: halogenated terphenyl halogeenverbinding English: halogenated compound English definition: A substance containing halogen atoms. (Source: MGHa) halveringstijd English: half-life English definition: The time required for one-half the atoms of a given amount of radioactive material to undergo radioactive decay. (Source: KOREN) handel English: trade (services) English definition: The act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries. (Source: RHW) handel (economisch) English: trade (economic) English definition: The act or the business of buying and selling for money. Mercantile or commercial business in general or the buying and selling, or exchanging, of commodities, either by wholesale or retail within a country or between countries. (Source: WESTS) handel en verbruik English: trade and consumption English definition: The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities and the use of goods and services. (Source: ISEP) handel in planten English: plant trade English definition: Trade of plants is subjected to regulations established by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). (Source: DUNSTEa) handel, diensten English: trade, services handel, diensten English: trade, services handelsactiviteit English: trade activity handelsbarriere English: trade barrier English definition: An artificial restraint on the free exchange of goods and services between nations. The most common types of trade barriers are tariffs, quotas, and exchange control. Such obstacles to trade are usually imposed by a country that wishes to protect domestic products in their home market against foreign competition, better its terms of trade, reduce domestic unemployment, or improve its balance-of-payments position. The raising of trade barriers by one country often provokes other nations position. Generally, the effect of a trade barrier is to reduce the volume of trade while increasing the domestic price of the protected good. Thus, it results in a relatively inefficient allocation of world resources and reduces the level of total world income and production. (Source: GREENW) handelsbeleid English: trade policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which promotes or determines the direction for the act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services within a country or between countries. (Source: RHW) handelsbeperking English: trade restriction English definition: Commercial discrimination that apply to the exports of certain countries but not to similar goods from other countries. (Source: USIA) handelsrecht English: commercial law English definition: The whole body of substantive jurisprudence applicable to the rights, intercourse and relations of persons engaged in commerce, trade or mercantile pursuits. (Source: BLACK) handelsrelaties English: trade relations handelsverrichting English: commercial transaction English definition: The conduct or carrying on of trade, business or a financial matter to a conclusion or settlement. (Source: RHW) handenarbeid English: handicraft English definition: A particular skill performed with the hands. (Source: CED) handhaven English: preserve handhaving English: enforcement English definition: The execution, carrying out or putting into effect an order, regulation, law or official decree. (Source: BLD) handhaving van de vrede English: peacekeeping English definition: The activities to prevent, contain, moderate and/or terminate the hostilities between or within States, through the medium of an impartial third party intervention, organised and directed internationally. This intervention isconducted using military forces, police and civilians with the consent of the main belligerents, to complement the diplomatic conflict resolution process and, to restore and maintain peace. (Source: VCDS) handhaving van de waterstanden English: water table protection English definition: Water table is inherently susceptible to contamination from landuse activities. Remediation is very expensive and often impractical. Prevention of contamination is therefore critical in effective groundwater management. (Source: TECHBA) handhaving van het milieurecht English: environmental law enforcement English definition: Any variety of activities associated with promoting compliance and obedience to those binding rules of a state that have been promulgated to safeguard ecological integrity, preserve natural resources and protect human health. (Source: BLD / TOE) handvest English: chart (act) English definition: A formal written record of transactions, proceedings, etc., as of a society, committee, or legislative body. (Source: CED) handvest van de stadsecologie English: urban ecology charter English definition: A graphic representation of a city area or other densely populated region, portraying the location of groups or select types of people in their environment through various geographic techniques. (Source: SOC / RHW) hardheid English: hardness English definition: Resistance of a solid to indentation, scratching, abrasion or cutting. (Source: MGH) harmonisatie van wetten English: harmonisation of law English definition: The process by which two or more states, sometimes under the auspices of an interstate or international organization, change their legislation relevant to some area of common concern to conform their statutes and to facilitate compliance and enforcement across borders. (Source: GT2) hars English: resin English definition: Any of a class of solid or semisolid organic products of natural or synthetic origin with no definite melting point, generally of high molecular weight; most resins are polymers. (Source: MGH) harshoudende plant English: resinous plant English definition: Plants yielding or producing resin. (Source: CED) hart en bloedvaten English: cardiovascular system English definition: Those structures, including the heart and blood vessels, which provide channels for the flow of blood. (Source: MGH) hart- en vaatziekten English: cardiovascular disease haven English: harbour English definition: Area of water next to the coast, often surrounded by thick walls, where ships and boats can be sheltered. (Source: CAMB) HCFK English: partially halogenated chlorofluorohydrocarbon English definition: Hydrocarbons whose hydrogen atoms have been partially substituted with chlorine and fluorine. They are used in refrigeration, air conditioning, packaging, insulation, or as solvents and aerosol propellants. Because they are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere they drift into the upper atmosphere where their chlorine components destroy ozone. (Source: LANDY) heester(gewas) English: shrub English definition: A woody perennial plant, smaller than a tree, with several major branches arising from near the base of the main stem. (Source: CED) heffing English: levy English definition: A ratable portion of the produce of the property and labor of the individual citizens, taken by the nation, in the exercise of its sovereign rights, for the support of government, for the administration of the laws, and as the means for continuing in operation the various legitimate functions of the state. (Source: WESTS) heffing op geluidsemissie English: noise emission levy English definition: A mandatory sum of money levied by government upon producers of disturbing, harmful or unwanted sounds, frequently in the transportation or construction industries, to encourage reduction of sound levels. (Source: Landy) heffingsonderscheid English: tax differentiation heide English: heathland English definition: An area with poor acid soil, typically dominated by ling (Calluna) or heaths (Erica). (Source: ALL) heide English: moor English definition: A tract of unenclosed waste ground, usually covered with heather, coarse grass, bracken, and moss. (Source: CED) helderheid English: luminosity English definition: The functional relationship between stellar magnitude and the number and distribution of stars of each magnitude interval. Also known as relative luminosity factor. (Source: UVAROV / MGH) helling English: slope English definition: The inclined surface of any part of the Earth's surface, as a hillslope; also, a broad part of a continent descending toward an ocean, as the Pacific slope. (Source: BJGEO) hengelsport English: angling English definition: The art or sport of catching fish with a rod and line and a baited hook or other lure, such as a fly. (Source: CED) herbebossing English: reforestation English definition: The planting of trees in forest areas which have been cleared. Reforestation has become increasingly important for preventing or reversing environmental degradation and for helping to maximize economic returns on commercially forested lands. (Source: WRIGHT) herbegroeiing English: revegetation English definition: Planting of new trees and, particularly, of native plants in disturbed sites where the vegetation cover has been destroyed, to stabilize the land surface from wind and water erosion and to reclame the land for other uses. Revegetation practices are employed in mined lands, roadsides, parks, wetlands, utility corridors, riparian areas, etc. (Source: REVEGa / CORBIT) herbicide English: herbicide English definition: A chemical that controls or destroys undesirable plants. (Source: LANDY) herbruikbaarheid English: recyclability English definition: Characteristic of materials that still have useful physical or chemical properties after serving their original purpose and that can, therefore, be reused or remanufactured into additional products. (Source: LEE) hercirculatie van gas English: vapour recovery system English definition: Gas feedback device: while refuelling gasoline vapors are sucked off and led back again into the storage tank. (Source: WASCH) hergebruik English: recycling English definition: A resource recovery method involving the collection and treatment of a waste product for use as raw material in the manufacture of the same or a similar product. (Source: LANDY) hergebruik van afval English: waste reclamation English definition: The process of collecting and separating wastes in preparation for reuse. (Source: GSW) hergebruik van afval English: waste recovery English definition: The process of obtaining materials or energy resources from waste. (Source: EED) hergebruik van materialen English: reuse of materials English definition: Any re-utilization of products or components, in original form, such as when used glass bottles are sterilized and refilled for resale. (Source: TOE) hergebruik van resten English: residue recycling English definition: Recycling of material or energy which is left over or wasted in industrial processes and other human activities. Examples include waste heat and gaseous pollutants from electricity generation, slag from metal-ore refining, and garbage. A residual becomes an output or input when a technological advance creates economic opportunities for the waste. (Source: GILP96) hergebruik van water English: water reuse English definition: Use of process wastewater or treatment facility effluent in a different manufacturing process. (Source: LEE) hergebruikbare verpakking English: reusable container English definition: Any container which has been conceived and designed to accomplish within its life cycle a minimum number of trips or rotations in order to be refilled or reused for the same purpose for which it was conceived. (Source: PORT) hergebruikt materiaal English: recycled material English definition: Waste materials that are transformed into new products in such a manner that the original products may lose their identity. (Source: LANDY) hergebruikverhouding English: recycling ratio herhuisvesting English: rehousing English definition: To provide with new or different housing. (Source: RRDA) herintroductie van een plantensoort English: plant species reintroduction English definition: Reintroducing wild plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. (Source: SCIFRI / RAMADE) herinvoering English: reintroduction English definition: Reintroduction of exterminated species in an area; it is bound to fail if the chosen animal became extinct in the area too long ago and if the area itself has undergone too many changes. Reintroduction needs years of careful planning - the approval of local population, technical conditions of the release, feeding system, protection and breeding control - and even then some unexpected problems may arise. (Source: WPR) herinvoering van diersoorten English: animal species reintroduction English definition: Attempts made to prevent the extinction of threatened species and populations by reintroducing them in their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. (Source: RBGKEWa / RAMADE) herinvoering van soorten English: species reintroduction English definition: Reintroducing wild animal and plant species to their natural habitat. The reintroduction of species in a region requires a preliminary study to establish the reasons of their disappearance and the modifications that might have occurred in the biotopes. (Source: SCIFRI / RAMADE) hernieuwbare energiebron English: renewable energy source English definition: Energy sources that do not rely on fuels of which there are only finite stocks. The most widely used renewable source is hydroelectric power; other renewable sources are biomass energy, solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy, and wind energy; biomass energy does not avoid the danger of the greenhouse effect. (Source: UVAROV) hernieuwbare grondstof English: renewable raw material English definition: Resources that have a natural rate of availability and yield a continual flow of services which may be consumed in any time period without endangering future consumption possibilities as long as current use does not exceed net renewal during the period under consideration. (Source: WHIT) hernieuwbare natuurlijke hulpbronnen English: renewable resource English definition: Resources capable of being continuously renewed or replaced through such processes as organic reproduction and cultivation such as those practiced in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries. (Source: LANDY) hernieuwing English: renovation English definition: The process of restoring something to good condition, through corrective maintenance or repairs. (Source: RHW) herstel English: recovery English definition: The act or process of restoring something to an original or formal condition, of claiming back a possession, etc. (Source: CED) herstel English: regeneration English definition: The renewing or reuse of materials such as activated carbon, single ion exchange resins, and filter beds by appropriate means to remove organics, metals, solids, etc. (Source: LEE) herstel English: rehabilitation English definition: A conservation measure involving the correction of past abuses that have impaired the productivity of the resources base. (Source: MGH) herstel English: restoration English definition: The process of renewing or returning something to its original, normal or unimpaired condition, particularly works of art, cultural artifacts, furniture or buildings. (Source: RHW) herstel van de waterkwaliteit English: restoration of water English definition: Any treatment process in which contaminated water is cleansed or corrected, particularly by use of a pump-and-treat approach. (Source: OSW / GHT) herstel van in het wild levende planten en dieren English: fauna restoration English definition: The process of returning wildlife ecosystems and habitats to their original conditions. (Source: DUNSTE) herstel van oude installaties English: retrofitting of old plants English definition: Making changes to old industrial plants installing new equipment's and facilities for the disposal of gas emissions in the atmosphere, of waste water and waste material in soil and water. (Source: RRDA) herstellen English: redress English definition: An administrative or legal remedy that attempts to restore a person to his or her original or expected position prior to loss or injury, including breach of contract. (Source: BLD) herstelling van een installatie English: installation restoration English definition: The process of repairing or reconstructing an edifice in order to return it to its original condition. (Source: ZINZANa) herstellingsbedrijf English: repair business English definition: Any commercial activity, position or site that involves work in restoring or fixing some material thing or structure, such as by replacing parts or putting together something torn, broken or detached. (Source: RHW) herstelmaatregel English: restoration measure English definition: Procedure or course of action taken to reestablish or bring back to state of environmental or ecological health. (Source: RHW) herstelplan English: recovery plan English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the restoration of natural resources or the reuse of materials and objects. (Source: OED) hert English: deer English definition: The common name for 41 species of even-toed ungulates that compose the family Cervidae in the order Artiodactyla; males have antlers. (Source: MGH) herwerking English: reprocessing English definition: Restoration of contaminated nuclear fuel to a usable condition. (Source: MGH) het vervuiler betaalt-principe English: polluter-pays principle English definition: The principle that those causing pollution should meet the costs to which it gives rise. (Source: BRACK) het (ver)smelten English: melting English definition: A change of the state of a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase. Also known as fusion. (Source: MGH) het aanbrengen van nieuwe onderdelen [in oudere modellen] English: retrofitting English definition: 1) Addition of a pollution control device on an existing facility without making major changes to the generating plant.2) Providing a jet, an automobile, a computer, or a factory, for example, with parts, devices or equipment not in existence or available at the time of original manufacture. (Source: TOE / AMHER) het balanceren [proces] English: balancing (process) English definition: The act of determining the difference between total receipts and expenditure in any account, or settling by paying what remains due on an account. (Source: ODE / RHW) het behandelen van drinkwater English: drinking water treatment English definition: The Directive on the Quality of Surface Water Intended for Drinking Water defines three categories of water treatment (A1, A2, A3) from simple physical treatment and disinfection to intensive physical and chemical treatment. The treatment to be used depends on the quality of the water abstracted. The Directive uses imperative values for parameters known to have an adverse effect on health and also guide values for those which are less adverse. There is also a directive which complements the 'surface water abstraction' Directive by indicating the methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis required. (Source: PORT) het bewaren van bewijsmateriaal English: preservation of evidence English definition: To maintain and keep safe from harm, destruction or decay any species of proof legally presented at the trial of an issue, including witnesses, records, documents, exhibits and concrete objects. (Source: BLD) het bewustzijn van de burger English: citizen awareness English definition: State of citizens of being aware of their civic obligations. (Source: ZINZAN) het bouwen English: construction work English definition: The construction, rehabilitation, alteration, conversion, extension, demolition or repair of buildings, highways, or other changes or improvement to real property, including facilities providing utility services. The term also includes the supervision, inspection, and other on-site functions incidental to the actual construction. (Source: LEE) het bouwrijp maken van een terrein English: building site preparation het chemisch meten van vervuiling English: chemical measurement of pollution English definition: The quantitative determination of the presence, extent or type of pollutant substances in the environment by studying the actions or reactions of known chemicals to those pollutants. (Source: APD / RHW) het controleren van gegevens English: monitoring data het dateren English: dating English definition: Any of several techniques such as radioactive dating, dendrochronology, or varve dating, for establishing the age of rocks, palaeontological or archaeological specimens, etc. (Source: CED) het effect op de gezondheid English: effect on health het effect op de mens English: effect on man het effect op het milieu English: effect on the environment English definition: Resultant of natural or manmade perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment. (Source: LANDY) het ijken van meettoestellen English: calibration of measuring equipment English definition: The determination or rectification of, according to an accepted standard, the graduation of any instrument giving quantitative measurements. (Source: APD / RHW) het in gevaar brengen van het grondwater English: groundwater endangering English definition: Threat to the quality and quantity of groundwater by activities related to the use of land. As some activities (e.g. landfill) present a particular risk of pollution, the closer an activity is to a well or borehole, the greater the risk of the pumped water being polluted. The type of soil, the geology, the rainfall and the amount of water pumped out of the ground must all be taken into consideration. (Source: PORTa) het in kaart brengen van korstmossen English: mapping of lichens English definition: Maps of lichens distribution indicating air quality. Fruticose lichens (with branched structures well above the surface) are more susceptible to SO2 damage than foliose lichens (whose leaflike thallus lies nearly flat on surface) and both in turn are more susceptible than crustose lichens (which embed their tissue in the cracks of bark, soil, or rocks). The use of morphological lichen types as indicators of air pollution concentrations is well developed. (Source: WESTM) het in klemmen vangen English: trapping English definition: To catch an animal in a mechanical device or enclosed place or pit. (Source: CED) het indexeren van informatie English: indexing of documentation English definition: A service which creates a special contents list, containing titles, authors, abstracts, subject headings and other information, to describe a large number of publications and to be used in searchable, machine-readable (or printed) look-up tables. (Source: RHW) het inschatten van het effect van iets English: impact assessment English definition: Evaluation of the effect of a project upon the environment. (Source: PHC) het invoeren van diersoorten English: introduction of animal species English definition: Animals which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species, depending on their interspecific relationships and characteristics, may act as or carry parasites or diseases, prey upon native organisms, display toxic reactions, or be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. (Source: WPR) het invoeren van plantensoorten English: introduction of plant species English definition: Plants which have been translocated by human agency into lands or waters where they have not lived previously, at least during historic times. Such translocation of species always involves an element of risk if not of serious danger. Newly arrived species may be highly competitive with or otherwise adversely affect native species and communities. Some may become a nuisance through sheer overabundance. They may become liable to rapid genetic changes in their new environment. Many harmful introductions have been made by persons unqualified to anticipate the often complex ecological interaction which may ensue. On the other hand many plants introduced into modified or degraded environments may be more useful than native species in controlling erosion or in performing other positive functions. (Source: WPR) het kankerverwekkend zijn English: carcinogenicity English definition: The ability or tendency of a substance or physical agent to cause or produce cancer. (Source: CONFER) het kappen van kreupelhout English: bush clearing English definition: The removal of brush using mechanical means, either by cutting manually or by using machinery for crushing, rolling, flailing, or chipping it, or by chemical means or a combination of these. (Source: DUNSTE) het klonen English: cloning English definition: The production of genetically identical individuals from a single parent. Cloning plants usually involves plant cell culture. Cloning animals is more difficult and relays on some manipulation of their normal reproductive cycle. A clone is a group of organisms of identical genetic constitution, unless mutation occurs, produced from a single individual by asexual reproduction, parthenogenesis or apomixis. (Source: BIOTAZ) het kristalliseren English: crystallisation English definition: The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (Source: MGH) het leeg laten lopen van een(water)bekken English: dam draining English definition: The drawing of water from a reservoir by means of draining pipes located at the bottom of the basin and controlled by a system of sluices which ensure, if necessary, the emptying of the basin in a given period of time in respect of downstream conditions. (Source: MANCOS) het minimaliseren van de effecten van iets English: impact minimisation English definition: Actions, procedures or installations undertaken to reduce the extent or degree of negative effects on human health and the ecosystem introduced by human design or interaction with the environment. (Source: OED) het ongedaan maken van de effecten van iets English: impact reversal English definition: The counteracting or undoing of negative effects or influences on the environment. (Source: OED) het ontzwaveling van brandstof English: desulphurisation of fuel English definition: Removal of sulfur from fossil fuels (or removal of sulfur dioxide from combustion fuel gases) to reduce pollution. (Source: LEE) het oplossen van milieuproblemen English: environmental problem solving English definition: The activity of finding solutions for troublesome or perplexing situations involving ecological or natural resources. (Source: OED) het opnieuw vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant remobilisation het opruimen van oorlogsmaterieel English: disposal of warfare materials English definition: Disposal of the material remnants of war, which can seriously impede development and cause injuries and the loss of lives and property. The disposal of warfare waste is problematic because it can be highly dangerous, toxic, long-living and requires the utilization of specific and sophisticated technologies, particularly in the case of mines and unexploded bombs which have been left on the war territories. (Source: WPR) het opstellen van economische prognoses English: economic forecasting English definition: The production of estimates of future financial and commercial trends, based on econometric models or surveys. (Source: ODE) het per ongeluk vrijkomen van organismen English: accidental release of organisms English definition: Genetically engineered organisms that are released in the environment by mistake; once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria (possibly having other positive functions which thus are lost) or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. There is also concern that an uncontrolled genetic mutation could produce a form with hazardous consequences for the environment. (Source: WPRa) het raffineren van kolen English: coal refining English definition: The processing of coal to remove impurities. (Source: PHCa) het regelen van hergebruik English: life-cycle management English definition: Management of all the stages involved in the life of a product such as raw materials acquisition, manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management, in order to create less environmentally harmful products. (Source: PORT) het slachten van dieren English: slaughtering of animals English definition: Killing of animals for food. (Source: PHC) het stellen van doelen English: target setting English definition: Establishing or determining environmental goals or objectives. (Source: RHW) het toekennen van een milieukeur(merk) English: ecolabelling English definition: The European Community's initiative to encourage the promotion of environmentally friendly products. The scheme came into operation in late 1992 and was designed to identify products which are less harmful to the environment than equivalent brands. It was hoped that by buying labelled goods, consumers would be able to put pressure on manufacturers and retailers both to make and to stock 'greener' products. This includes the effects they have on the environment at all stages. The labels are awarded on environmental criteria set by the EC. (Source: WRIGHT) het uitlenen van documenten English: document lending English definition: The service provided by a library in which the library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials outside the library. (Source: RHW) het uitsterven English: extinction (ecological) English definition: 1) The complete disappearance of a species of plant or animal from the planet.2) Disappearing of animals and plants from the biota. (Source: WRIGHT / GREMES) het verloren gaan van biotopen English: loss of biotope English definition: Destruction of biotopes produced by environmental degradation which in turn is caused by air- or water-borne pollution. (Source: WPR) het vervuiler-betaalt-principe English: community-pays principle English definition: A tenet of environmental policy, according to which the costs of ecological challenges, environmental quality improvements and the removal of environmental hazards are allotted to community groups or local corporations and, thereby, to the general public. (Source: GAB) het verweiden van de kudde English: transhumance English definition: The seasonal migration of livestock to suitable grazing grounds. (Source: CED) het verzamelen van bewijzen English: taking of evidence English definition: In criminal law and torts, the act of laying hold upon an evidence, with or without removing the same. het vissen English: fishing English definition: The attempt to catch fish or other aquatic animal with a hook or with nets, traps, etc. (Source: ZINZANa) het vloeibaar maken English: fluidisation English definition: A roasting process in which finely divided solids are suspended in a rising current of air (or other fluid), producing a fluidized bed; used in the calcination of various materials, in the coal industry, etc. (Source: MGH) het voeren van dieren English: feeding of animals English definition: The act and effect of supplying animals with food. (Source: ZINZAN) het vol laten lopen van een spaarbekken English: silting up English definition: The filling or partial filling with silt of a reservoir that receives fine-grained sediment brought in by streams and surface runoff. (Source: BJGEO) het voorkomen van de effecten van iets English: impact prevention English definition: Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert negative effects on the environment. (Source: TOE) het voorkomen van gevaar English: anticipation of danger English definition: The act of foreseeing, expecting and taking measures against possible future exposure to harm, death or a thing that causes these. (Source: ISEP) het vrijkomen van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant mobilisation het vuren English: firing English definition: The process of applying fire or heat, as in the hardening or glazing of ceramics. (Source: HARRIS) het wegruimen van slib English: clearing sludge het zweten English: transpiration English definition: The loss of water vapour from a plant, mainly through the stomata and to a small extent through the cuticle and lenticels. Transpiration results in a stream of water, carrying dissolved minerals salts, flowing upwards through the xylem. (Source: ALL) heterocyclische verbinding English: heterocyclic compound English definition: Compound in which the ring structure is a combination of more than one kind of atom. (Source: MGH) heuvel English: hill English definition: A natural elevation of the land surface, rising rather prominently above the surrounding land, usually of limited extent and having a well-defined outline, rounded rather than peaked or rugged, with no specific definition of absolute elevation. (Source: BJGEO) hinder English: nuisance English definition: Anything that affects or prejudices health. (Source: GILP96) hoefdieren English: ungulate English definition: Hoofed mammals, including the Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla. (Source: ALL) hoenderachtigen English: gallinacean English definition: The order of birds that includes grouse, ptarmigan, capercaillie, partridges, pheasants, quails, turkeys and peacocks. These are mainly grain-eating, heavy-bodied, ground-nesting birds, capable of only short, rapid flights. The cocks are usually more colourful than the hens. (Source: ALL) hoeveelheid afval English: waste volume English definition: The total amount of refuse or unusable material produced at any source. (Source: RHW) hoeveelheid vervuiling dat een land kan verdragen English: land carrying capacity English definition: The maximum extent to which ground or soil area may be exploited without degradation or depletion. (Source: ALL) hof English: court English definition: An organ of the government, belonging to the judicial department, whose function is the application of the laws to controversies brought before it and the public administration of justice. The presence of a sufficient number of the members of such a body regularly convened in an authorized place at an appointed time, engaged in the full and regular performance of its functions. A body in the government to which the administration of justice is delegated. A body organized to administer justice, and including both judge and jury. An incorporeal, political being, composed of one or more judges, who sit at fixed times and places, attended by proper officers, pursuant to lawful authority, for the administration of justice. An organized body with defined powers, meeting at certain times and places for the hearing and decision of causes and other matters brought before it, and aided in this, its proper business, by its proper officers, attorneys and counsel to present and manage the business, clerks to record and attest its acts and decisions, and ministerial officers to execute its commands, and secure due order in its proceedings. (Source: WESTS) hoge berg English: high mountain hoge zuurtegraad English: strong acidity English definition: High degree of ionization of an acid in water solution. (Source: KORENa) hogedrukapparatuur English: pressure equipment English definition: Equipment operating with an internal pressure greater than atmospheric. (Source: RRDA) hoger onderwijs English: higher education English definition: Study beyond secondary school at an institution that offers programs terminating in undergraduate and graduate degrees. (Source: COE) hogesnelheids(spoor)lijn English: high-speed railway English definition: The term 'high-speed traffic' encompasses all trains running at speeds over 200 km/h but also trains running at 200 km/h if the terrain, population density or economic reasons do not justify higher speeds. (Source: EJRCF) hogesnelheidstrein English: high-speed train English definition: Trains travelling at maximum speeds of 300kmh on special high-speed rail lines. (Source: RRDA) hol English: cave English definition: 1) An underground hollow with access from the ground surface or from the sea, often found in limestone areas and on rocky coastlines.2) A natural cavity, chamber or recess which leads beneath the surface of the earth, generally in a horizontal or obliquely inclined direction. It may be in the form of a passage or a gallery, its shape depending in part on the joint pattern or structure of the rock and partly on the type of process involved in its excavation. Thus, caves worn by subterranean rivers may be different in character from, and of considerably greater extent than, a sea-cave eroded by marine waves.3) A natural underground open space, generally with a connection to the surface and large enough for a person to enter. The most common type of cave is formed in a limestone by dissolution. (Source: CED / WHIT / BJGEO) holtedieren English: coelenterate English definition: Animals that have a single body cavity (the coelenteron). The name was formerly given to a phylum comprising the Cnidaria and Ctenophora, but these are now regarded as phyla in their own right, and the name Coelenterata has fallen from use, although it is sometimes used as a synonym for Cnidaria. (Source: ALL) homepage English: homepage English definition: The preset document that is displayed after starting a World Wide Web browser, or the main World Wide Web document in a series of related documents. (Source: UNM / WIC) hond English: dog English definition: A common four-legged animal, especially kept by people as a pet or to hunt or guard things. (Source: CAMB) hondachtige English: canid English definition: Carnivorous mammal in the superfamily Canoidea, including dogs and their allies. (Source: MGH) hongersnood English: famine English definition: A severe shortage of food, as through crop failure or over population. It may be due to poor harvests following drought, floods, earthquake, war, social conflict, etc. (Source: CED / GUNN) honorarium English: fee English definition: A charge fixed by law for services of public officers or for use of a privilege under control of government. (Source: WESTS) hoofdweg English: trunk road English definition: A main road, especially one that is suitable for heavy vehicles. (Source: CED) hoogbouw English: high-rise building English definition: Any tall, multistoried structure or edifice that is equipped with elevators. (Source: RHW) hoogrisico-installatie English: major risk installation English definition: Installations whose functioning involves the possibility of major hazards such as chemical plants, nuclear, coal and oil power production plants, etc. (Source: WPRa) hoogspanningsleiding English: high voltage line English definition: An electric line with a voltage on the order of thousands of volts. (Source: MGH) hoogstammig bos English: timber forest English definition: Forest whose trees are all in the adult stage and have reached the reproductive period. (Source: RAMADE) hoogte English: altitude English definition: 1) In general, a term used to describe a topographic eminence. 2) A specific altitude or height above a given level. 3) In surveying, the term refers to the angle between the horizontal and a point at a higher level. (Source: WHIT) hoogwater English: high tide water English definition: The level of water when the tide is at its highest level. (Source: CED) hoorzitting English: hearing procedure English definition: Any prescribed course or mode of action governing the preliminary examination by a magistrate of basic evidence and charges to determine whether criminal proceedings, a trial or other judicial actions are justified. (Source: RHW) horizonvervuiling English: skyline destruction hormonenleer English: endocrinology English definition: The study of the endocrine glands and the hormones that they synthesize and secrete. (Source: MGH) hotelsector English: hotel industry English definition: The industry related with the provision of lodging and usually meals and other services for travelers and other paying guests. (Source: AMHER) houder zonder statiegeld English: non-returnable container English definition: Any container for which no specific provisions for its return from the consumer or final use has been established. (Source: PORT) hout als brandstof English: fuel wood English definition: Wood used for heating. (Source: RRDA) houtafval English: wood waste English definition: Waste which is left over after the processing of raw timber. (Source: ISEP) houtbescherming English: wood preservation English definition: The use of chemicals to prevent or retard the decay of wood, especially by fungi or insects; widely used preservatives include creosote, pitch, sodium fluoride and tar; especially used on wood having contact with the ground. (Source: HARRIS) houtindustrie English: timber industry English definition: Industry related with timber harvesting and processing. (Source: RRDA) houtproduct English: wood product houtproductieketen English: timber producing chain English definition: All interrelated steps of the lumber manufacturing process including tree felling, the removal of tops, branches and bark, the piling and sawing of logs, and the transportation and loading of finished boards or other products. (Source: TIM) houtskool English: charcoal English definition: A porous solid product containing 85-98% carbon and produced by heating carbonaceous materials such as cellulose, wood or peat at 500-600 Cdeg in the absence of air. (Source: MGH) huid English: skin English definition: The tissue forming the outer covering of the vertebrate body: it consists of two layers, the outermost of which may be covered with hair, scales, feathers, etc. It is mainly protective and sensory in function. (Source: CED) huisbrandolie English: domestic fuel oil English definition: Liquid petroleum product used in domestic heaters. (Source: CED) huisbrandstof English: domestic fuel English definition: Fuels obtained from different sources that are used for domestic heating. (Source: RRDA) huisdier English: domesticated animal English definition: 1) Wild animal which has been trained to live near a house and not be frightened of human beings; 2) species which was formerly wild, now selectively bred to fill human needs. (Source: PHC) huisdier English: pet English definition: An animal which is kept in the home as a companion and treated affectionately. (Source: CAMB) huishoudchemicalien English: household chemical huishoudelijk afval English: domestic waste English definition: Waste generated by residential households and comprised of any material no longer wanted or needed. (Source: EED) huishoudelijk afvalwater English: domestic waste water English definition: Wastewater principally derived from households, business buildings, institutions, etc., which may or may not contain surface runoff, groundwater or storm water. (Source: WWC) huishoudelijk apparaat English: domestic appliance English definition: A machine or device, especially an electrical one used domestically. (Source: CED) huishoudelijk lawaai English: domestic noise English definition: Noise caused by domestic facilities and activities. (Source: RRDA) huishoudelijke artikelen English: household goods English definition: Goods needed for living in a household. huishoudelijke uitgaven English: household expenditure English definition: Any spending done by a person living alone or by a group of people living together in shared accommodation and with common domestic expenses. (Source: ODE) huishoudelijke vervuiling English: domestic pollution huishouden English: household English definition: A group of persons sharing a home or living space, who aggregate and share their incomes, as evidenced by the fact that they regularly take meals together. (Source: SOCIOL) huisvesting English: housing English definition: 1) Dwelling-houses collectively and the provision of these.2) Shelter, lodging. huisvestingsfinanciering English: housing finance huisvestingsprogramma English: housing programme English definition: A planned system of projects, services or activities intended to support individuals or families in need of shelter, including transitional or permanent housing and safe havens for low-income, elderly or homeless populations. (Source: HUD) huisvuilstortplaats English: domestic waste landfill English definition: Site for the disposal of wastes arising from domestic activities. (Source: RRDA) hulp(verlening) bij rampen English: disaster relief English definition: Money, food or other assistance provided for those surviving a sudden, calamitous event causing loss of life, damage or hardship. (Source: RHW) hulpbeleid English: aid policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization that promotes or determines the allocation of assistance, support or relief, often from one country to another. (Source: ODE) hulpstukken English: fitting (plumbing) English definition: Plumbing equipment in a building. (Source: RRDA) humanitaire hulp English: humanitarian aid English definition: The support or relief given to save human lives or to alleviate suffering, including public health efforts and the provision of financial resources and food, often when governmental authorities are unable or unwilling to provide for such assistance. (Source: RHW / DPG) humus English: humus English definition: The more or less decomposed organic matter in the soil. Besides being the source of most of the mineral salts needed by plants, humus improves the texture of the soil and holds water, so reducing the loss of nutrients by leaching. (Source: ALL) huur English: lease English definition: Any agreement which gives rise to relationship of landlord and tenant (real property) or lessor and lessee (real or personal property). Contract for exclusive possession of lands or tenements for determinate period. Contract for possession and profits of lands and tenements either for life, or for certain period of time, or during the pleasure of the parties. (Source: WESTS) hydraulica English: hydraulics English definition: The branch of science and technology concerned with the mechanics of fluids, especially liquids. (Source: MGH) hydrobiologie English: hydrobiology English definition: Study of organisms living in water. (Source: ZINZAN) hydrocultuur English: hydroculture English definition: Growing plants without soil but in sand or vermiculite or other granular material, using a liquid solution of nutrients to feed them. (Source: PHC) hydrogeologie English: hydrogeology English definition: The science dealing with the occurrence of surface and ground water, its utilization, and its functions in modifying the earth, primarily by erosion and deposition. (Source: MGH) hydrografie English: hydrography English definition: Science which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of the oceans, lakes, rivers, and their adjoining coastal areas, with particular reference to their control and utilization. (Source: MGH) hydrografisch bekken English: hydrographic basin English definition: 1) The drainage basin of a stream. 2) An area occupied by a lake and its drainage basin. (Source: BJGEO) hydrografisch netwerk English: hydrographic network English definition: The configuration or arrangement in plan view of the natural stream courses in an area. It is related to local geologic and geomorphologic features and history. Synonym: drainage pattern. (Source: BJGEO) hydrologie English: hydrology English definition: The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment. (Source: MGH) hydrologische ramp English: hydrologic disaster English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change either in the quality of the earth's water or in the distribution or movement of water on land, below the surface or in the atmosphere. (Source: ISEP / APD) hydrologische stroming English: hydrologic flow English definition: The characteristic behaviour and the total quantity of water involved in a drainage basin, determined by measuring such quantities as rainfall, surface and subsurface storage and flow, and evapotranspiration. (Source: BJGEO) hydrolyse English: hydrolysis English definition: 1) Decomposition or alteration of a chemical substance by water. 2) In aqueous solutions of electrolytes, the reactions of cations with water to produce a weak base or of anions to produce a weak acid. (Source: MGH) hydrometeorologie English: hydrometeorology English definition: That part of meteorology of direct concern to hydrologic problems, particularly to flood control, hydroelectric power, irrigation, and similar fields of engineering and water resource. (Source: ZINZAN) hydrometrie English: hydrometry English definition: The science and technology of measuring specific gravities, particularly of liquids. (Source: MGH) hydrosfeer English: hydrosphere English definition: The waters of the Earth, as distinguished from the rocks (lithosphere), living things (biosphere), and the air (atmosphere). Includes the waters of the ocean; rivers, lakes, and other bodies of surface water in liquid form on the continents; snow, ice, and glaciers; and liquid water, ice, and water vapour in both the unsaturated and saturated zones below the land surface. Included by some, but excluded by others, is water in the atmosphere , which includes water vapour, clouds, and all forms of precipitation while still in the atmosphere. (Source: BJGEO) hydrosfeer (zoetwater, zeewater) English: hydrosphere (freshwater, marine water, waters) hygiene English: hygiene English definition: The science that deals with the principles and practices of good health. (Source: MGH) hygienisch afgedekte vuilstortplaats English: sanitary landfill English definition: An engineered method of disposing of solid waste on land in a manner that protects the environment, by spreading the waste in thin layers, compacting it to the smallest practical volume and covering it with compacted soil by the end of each working day or at more frequent intervals if necessary. (Source: CORBIT) hygienist English: hygienist English definition: A person skilled in the practice of hygiene. (Source: CED) hypertext English: hypertext English definition: The organization of information units typically containing visible links that users can select or click with a mouse pointer or some other computer device to automatically retrieve or display other documents. (Source: WIC / TWI) ideologie English: ideology English definition: A body of ideas that reflects the beliefs and interest of a nation, political system, etc. and underlies political action. (Source: CED) iets in voorraad houden English: stocking English definition: To keep a supply accumulated for future use. (Source: AMHER) ijking English: calibration English definition: To mark the scale of a measuring instrument so that readings can be made in appropriate units. (Source: CED) ijs English: ice English definition: The dense substance formed by the freezing of water to the solid state; it commonly occurs in the form of hexagonal crystals. (Source: MGH) ijsberg English: iceberg English definition: A large mass of detached land ice floating in the sea or stranded in shallow water. (Source: MGH) ijzer English: iron English definition: A malleable ductile silvery-white ferromagnetic metallic element occurring principally in haematite and magnetite. It is widely used for structural and engineering purposes. (Source: CED) ijzer- en staalindustrie English: iron and steel industry English definition: Sector of the metallurgical industry dealing with the production of cast iron, steel and iron alloys. Emissions from these industries tend to settle quickly from the atmosphere and can lead to rising concentrations in the soil. The main raw material input to the production process is iron ore. Also recycled scrap is used. (Source: FLGISA / DOBRIS) ijzergieterij(sector) English: ironwork industry English definition: Industry for the production of iron articles. (Source: WEBSTEa) ijzerindustrie English: iron industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the extraction and refinement of iron ore to produce cast iron, wrought iron and steel. (Source: RHW / ENC) ijzerschroot English: iron scrap English definition: Waste pieces or disused articles of wrought iron (wrought-iron scrap) suitable for reworking for rolling or forging. IMCO-code English: IMCO code English definition: Codes published by Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organisation (IMCO) relating to international shipping, particularly regarding safety and marine pollution. (Source: BRACK) IMCO-conferentie English: IMCO Conference English definition: Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation has been changed into International Maritime Organisation in May 1982. A United Nations Specialized Agency, established in 1958 as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organisation to provide a means for co-operation and exchange of information on technical matters related to international shipping, particularly regarding safety and marine pollution. (Source: BRACK) immissiebeheersing English: immission control English definition: Legislative and administrative procedures aimed at reducing the damage caused by emissions. Pollution control programmes are normally based on human-oriented acceptable dose limits. A very important measure concerns the organisation of an emission inventory. (Source: GOODa) immissiebeheersingswet English: immission control law immissiegrens English: immission limit English definition: Maximum levels of selected pollutants which would lead to unacceptable air quality. (Source: PORT) immissielast English: immission load English definition: The total amount of immissions introduced in a given environment. (Source: RRDA) immissies English: immission English definition: The reception of material, such as pollutants, by the environment and from any source. (Source: ALL) immissies van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant immission English definition: The transfer of solid, liquid, or gaseous contaminants in the air, water, and soil. (Source: DIFIDa) immissieschade English: immission damage English definition: Damage caused by pollution from a distinct source of emission. (Source: GILP96) immuniteit English: immunity English definition: The ability of an organism to resist disease or toxins by natural or artificial means. (Source: KOREN) immuniteitsonderzoek English: immunoassay English definition: Any of several methods for the quantitative determination of chemical substances such as hormones, drugs, and certain proteins that utilize the highly specific binding between an antigen and an antibody. (Source: KOREN) immuniteitsysteem English: immune system English definition: A body system that helps an organism to resist disease, through the activities of specialised blood cells or antibodies produced by them in response to natural exposure or inoculation. (Source: KOREN / CED) immunologie English: immunology English definition: A branch of biological science concerned with the native or acquired resistance of higher animal forms and humans to infection with microorganisms. (Source: MGH) immunologische ziekte English: immunological disease English definition: The disruption of the complex system of interacting cells, cell products and cell-forming tissues that protects the body from pathogens, destroys infected and malignant cells and removes cellular debris. (Source: SMD / RHW) impactbronnen English: impact source English definition: Elements of an action which cause damage to the surrounding environment. (Source: RRDA) impregneermiddel English: impregnating agent English definition: A material used to fill holes in wood, plaster, or other surfaces before applying a coating such as paint or varnish. (Source: MGH) impulsgeluid English: impulsive noise English definition: Noise characterized by transient short-duration disturbances distributed essentially uniformly over the useful passband of a transmission system. (Source: MGH) impulslading English: sudden load English definition: Sudden immission in considerable amount of one or more pollutants in the atmosphere, in a water body or in the soil. (Source: RRDA) in het wild groeiende plant English: wild plant English definition: Plants growing in a natural state (not cultivated). (Source: CED) in het wild levende planten en dieren English: wildlife English definition: Animals and plants that grow independently of people, usually in natural conditions. (Source: CAMB) in vitro proef English: in vitro assay English definition: Assay taking place in an artificial environment. (Source: KOREN) in vivo proef English: in vivo assay English definition: Experiments that are carried out in the living organism. (Source: UVAROV) inbeslagneming English: seizure English definition: The official or legally authorized act of taking away possessions or property, often for a violation of law or to enforce a judgment imposed by a court of law. (Source: BLD) indicator English: indicator English definition: Something that provides an indication especially of trends. (Source: CED) indicator van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution indicator English definition: Organisms, mostly plants, which are most sensitive to slight changes in environmental factors. When identified their reaction can serve as an early warning of the endangerment of the health of a community. (Source: GILP96) indirecte inductor English: indirect discharger English definition: A non-domestic source introducing pollutants into a publicly owned waste-treatment system. Indirect dischargers can be commercial or industrial facilities whose wastes enter local sewers. (Source: EPAGLO) Indische Oceaan English: Indian Ocean English definition: A body of water between the continents of Africa, Antarctica, Asia and Australia including the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Arabian Sea (with the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Persian Gulf) in the west, and containing several islands and island chains, such as the Andaman, Nicobar and Seychelles. (Source: INP) individuele afvalwaterverwerking English: individual wastewater treatment English definition: The process of using a natural system or mechanical device to collect, treat and discharge or reclaim wastewater from an individual dwelling without the use of community-wide sewers or a centralised treatment facility. (Source: DWT) indringing English: infiltration English definition: Movement of water through the soil surface into the ground. (Source: MGH) industrialisatie English: industrialisation English definition: The process whereby manufacturing industry comes to occupy the predominant position in a national or regional economy. (Source: GOOD) industrie English: industry English definition: An industry is a group of establishments engaged in the same or similar kinds of economic activities. Industries produce commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. A single industry can produce many different commodities. (Source: PGE) industrie, ambacht, technologie, uitrusting English: industry, crafts; technology; equipments industrie-afval English: trade waste English definition: All types of waste generated by offices, restaurants, shops, warehouses and other such non-manufacturing sources, and non-processing waste generated at manufacturing facilities such as office and packaging waste. (Source: EED) industriebond English: industrial association industrieel afval English: industrial waste English definition: Waste materials discarded from industrial operations, or derived from manufacturing processes; may be solid, sludge (wet solids) or liquid wastes and may or may not be considered hazardous. (Source: HMD / ISEP) industrieel afvalwater English: industrial effluent English definition: Materials generally discarded from industrial operations or derived from manufacturing processes. (Source: LANDY) industrieel afvalwater English: industrial waste water English definition: Waste water that results from industrial processes and manufacturing. It may either be disposed of separately or become part of the sanitary or combined sewage. industrieel afvalwater English: wastewater from trade English definition: Liquid or waterborne wastes polluted or fouled by commercial operations. (Source: ISEP / DEE) industrieel afvoergas English: industrial waste gas English definition: Waste gases resulting from manufacturing and other industrial processes which may be treated and released, treated and reused or released without treatment. (Source: ISEP) industrieel bedrijfsgebouw English: industrial building English definition: A building directly used in manufacturing or technically productive enterprises. Industrial buildings are not generally or typically accessible to other than workers. Industrial buildings include buildings used directly in the production of power, the manufacture of products, the mining of raw materials, and the storage of textiles, petroleum products, wood and paper products, chemicals, plastics, and metals. (Source: JJK) industrieel beleid English: industrial policy English definition: Course of action adopted by national government to support and promote industrial activities. (Source: GOODa) industrieel eigendomsrecht English: industrial property right English definition: A justifiable claim granted by government or some other authority that offers protection or excludes others from making, using or selling an invention, a unique design of an article of manufacture or some other creation or discovery. (Source: BLD) industrieel gebied English: industrial zoning English definition: A system of land use planning that forms zones or boundaries to be used only by manufacturing or business enterprises. (Source: ISEP) industrieel lawaai English: industrial noise English definition: Noise produced by industrial plants activities. industrieel materiaal English: industrial material industrieel of commercieel English: industrial or commercial industrieel product English: industrial product industrieel slib English: industrial sludge English definition: Sludge produced as a result of industrial production processes or manufacturing. industriegebied English: industrial area English definition: Areas allocated for industry within a town-planning scheme or environmental plan. The range of industries accommodated in a plan may include: light industry, service industry, general industry, hazardous, noxious or offensive industry, waterfront industry, extractive industry. Standards are usually defined for industrial areas relating to access and roads, drainage, car parking, aesthetics, landscaping, buffer zones, noise levels, and air and water pollution. (Source: GILP96) industriegewas English: industrial plant (organism) English definition: Plants employed in industry, e.g. cotton, flax, hemp, peanuts, etc. (Source: RRDA) industriele activiteit English: manufacturing activity English definition: Activities connected with the processing of raw material into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation. (Source: AMHER) industriele activiteit English: industrial activity English definition: Operations, functions and processes involved in industrial production. (Source: RRDA) industriele economie English: industrial economics English definition: The production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services resulting from all manufacturing business. (Source: RHW) industriele fabricage English: industrial manufacturing English definition: To make or process (a raw material) into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation. (Source: AMHER) industriele geneeskunde English: industrial medicine English definition: The branch of medicine which deals with the relationship of humans to their occupations, for the purpose of the prevention of disease and injury and the promotion of optimal health, productivity, and social adjustment. (Source: MGH) industriele gewassen English: industrial crop English definition: Any crop that provides materials for industrial processes and products such as soybeans, cotton (lint and seed), flax, and tobacco. (Source: MGH) industriele installatie English: industrial installation English definition: A device, system or piece of equipment installed for a particular industry. (Source: CED) industriele locatie English: industrial site English definition: The location for the individual manufacturing firm. (Source: GOOD) industriele milieuzorg English: industrial environmental policy English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for the protection of natural resources from pollution generated by manufacturing or business enterprises. (Source: RHW) industriele omgeving (in het algemeen) English: industrial environment (in general) English definition: Environment where the manifold activities connected with the production of goods and services take place. (Source: RRDA) industriele ontwikkeling English: industrial development industriele planning English: industrial planning English definition: The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise. (Source: RHW / ODE) industriele processen English: industrial process industriele productie English: industrial production English definition: Any process of converting or transforming raw materials and other resources into goods or services which have value. (Source: ODE) industriele productiestatistieken English: industrial production statistics industriele rook English: industrial fume English definition: Any smokelike or vaporous exhalation from matters or substances, especially of an odorous or harmful nature, which result from trading, commercial or manufacturing processes. (Source: RHW / ALL) industriele samenleving English: industrial society English definition: A large-scale community with diverse manufacturing sectors and an infrastructure and economy based on the science, technology and instrumental rationality of the modern West. (Source: FUT / RHW) industriele stortplaats English: industrial dumping English definition: The disposal of any waste generated by a manufacturing or processing process by the agency or body which produced it. (Source: RHW / ERG) industriele structuur English: industrial structure industriele uitrusting English: industrial equipment English definition: Equipment related to industrial activities. (Source: RRDA) industriele veiligheid English: industrial safety English definition: Measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment in any facility or place involving the manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise. (Source: ODE) industriele vervuiling English: industrial pollution English definition: Pollution as a result of industrial processes and manufacturing. (Source: RRDA) industriele wetgeving English: industrial legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate working conditions or the acquisition, processing and disposal of materials by the aggregate of factories, companies and enterprises in one or more manufacturing or technically productive fields. (Source: RHW) industriele woestenij English: industrial wasteland English definition: Area of land which is no longer usable for cultivation or for any other purpose after having been the site of an industrial plant. (Source: PHCa) industrie-uitstoot English: industrial emission English definition: Gas-borne pollutants discharged into the atmosphere from smokestacks of industrial plants. (Source: LEE) industriezone English: economic zoning English definition: A land-use planning design or control where specific types of businesses or private sector investment are encouraged within designated boundaries. (Source: ALL / EEN) inert afval English: inert waste English definition: Wastes that do not undergo any significant physical, chemical, or biological transformations when deposited in a landfill. inert makend English: inertisation English definition: The process of waste inertisation includes solidification and stabilisation; stabilisation is the process used for reduction of hazard potential of the waste by converting the contaminants into their least soluble, least immobile, or least toxic form. Solidification physically binds or encapsulates the waste in a monolithic solid of high structural integrity. Thus solidification may be used for powders, liquids or gases. (Source: ENVAR) infectie met parasitaire zuigwormen English: schistosomiasis English definition: A disease in which humans are parasitized by any of three species of blood flukes: Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum; adult worms inhabit the blood vessels. (Source: MGH) informatica English: informatics English definition: Science and technique of data elaboration and of automatic treatment of information. (Source: ZINZAN) informaticarecht English: data processing law informatie English: information English definition: All facts, ideas or imaginative works of the mind which have been communicated, published or distributed formally or informally in any format, or the knowledge that is communicated or received. (Source: CCL / RHW) informatie English: information informatie met geografische componenten English: geo-referenced information English definition: Data delimiting a given object, either physical or conceptual, in terms of its spatial relationship to the land, usually consisting of points, lines, areas or volumes defined in terms of some coordinate system. (Source: GIS) informatie over wetgeving English: legislative information English definition: Knowledge or a service providing knowledge concerning actual and proposed laws, including approval status, the history and content of deliberative proceedings and the specific language of those laws. (Source: RHW) informatie, opvoeding, kultuur, milieubewustzijn English: information, education, culture, environmental awareness informatiebron English: information source English definition: Generally, any resource initiating and substantiating the reception of knowledge or specifically, the origin of a data transmission. (Source: RHW) informatie-centrum English: information centre English definition: Any facility devoted to the collection, maintenance and distribution of materials or data compiled to convey knowledge on some subject, often with trained staff persons available to answer questions. (Source: RHW) informatiedienst English: information service English definition: An organized system of providing assistance or aid to individuals who are seeking information, such as by using databases and other information sources to communicate or supply knowledge or factual data. (Source: RHW / OMD) informatiedistributiecentrum English: information clearing-house English definition: A central institution or agency for the collection, maintenance, and distribution of materials or data compiled to convey knowledge on some subject. (Source: RHW) informatieinfrastructuur English: information infrastructure English definition: The basic, underlying framework and features of a communications system supporting the exchange of knowledge, including hardware, software and transmission media. (Source: WIC / RHW) informatienetwerk English: information network English definition: A system of interrelated persons and/or devices linked to permit the exchange of data or knowledge. (Source: ISEP / RHW) informatie-overdracht English: information transfer English definition: The communication or conveyance of data or materials for the purpose of enhancing knowledge from one person, place or position to another. (Source: RHW) informatieset English: information kit English definition: A set or collection of materials compiled to convey knowledge on some subject and usually placed in some type of container. (Source: RHW) informatiesysteem English: information system English definition: Any coordinated assemblage of persons, devices and institutions used for communicating or exchanging knowledge or data, such as by simple verbal communication, or by completely computerized methods of storing, searching and retrieving information. (Source: MHD) informatietechnologie English: information technology English definition: The systems, equipment, components and software required to ensure the retrieval, processing and storage of information in all centres of human activity (home, office, factory, etc.), the application of which generally requires the use of electronics or similar technology. (Source: ECHO2) informatietechnologiesector English: information technology industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of electronic machines designed to accept information or data that is easily manipulated for some result based on a program or some set of instructions, and the technology or materials used with these machines, such as storage devices, terminals and peripheral equipment. (Source: WIC / SIC) informatie-uitwisseling English: information exchange English definition: A reciprocal transference of data between two or more parties for the purpose of enhancing knowledge of the participants. (Source: RHW) informatieverwerkend systeem English: data processing system English definition: An assembly of computer hardware, firmware and software configured for the purpose of performing various operations on digital information elements with a minimum of human intervention. (Source: JON) informatieverwerking English: information processing English definition: A systematic series of actions performed by a person or computer on data elements including classifying, sorting, calculating, summarizing, transmitting, retrieving and receiving. (Source: JON) informeel overleg English: informal negotiation infrageluid English: infrasound English definition: Vibrations of the air at frequencies too low to be perceived as sound by the human ear, below about 15 hertz. (Source: MGH) infraroodstraling English: infrared radiation English definition: Electron magnetic radiation whose wavelengths lie in the range from 0.75 or 0.8 micrometer to 1000 micrometers. (Source: MGH) infrastructuur English: infrastructure English definition: The basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. (Source: LANDY) ingeademde lucht English: respiratory air English definition: Air volumes inspired and expired through the lungs. (Source: DELFIN) inham English: cove English definition: 1) A deep recess hollow, or nook in a cliff or steep mountainside, or a small, straight valley extending into a mountain or down a mountainside.2) A valley or portion of lowland that penetrates into a plateau or mountain front. (Source: BJGEO / WHIT) inheems bos English: indigenous forest English definition: Forests which are native to a given area. (Source: LANDY) inheemse kennis English: indigenous knowledge English definition: Local knowledge that is unique to a given culture or society, which is the basis for local-level decision making in agriculture, health care, education and other matters of concern in rural communities. (Source: WIK) inheemse technologie English: indigenous technology English definition: Technologies employed by the native inhabitants of a country and which constitute an important part of its cultural heritage and should therefore be protected against exploitation by industrialized countries; the problem of indigenous knowledge has been discussed during the Rio Conference but it does not receive much protection under the Biodiversity Convention. Article 8 mandates that parties 'respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional life styles... and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of benefits arising from them'. (Source: RRDA / WRES) inhoudsregister English: index English definition: A list of record surrogates arranged in order of some attribute expressible in machine-orderable form. (Source: MGH) inkapseling English: encapsulation English definition: The enclosure of any polluting product with a material that prevents its release in the environment. (Source: RRDA) inklinking English: soil settling English definition: Compaction involves the close-packing of the individual grains mainly by the elimination of pore-space and expulsion of entrapped water; this is normally brought about by the weight of the overlying sediments. (Source: ECHO2) inkomen English: income English definition: The gain derived from capital, from labour or effort, or both combined, including profit or gain through sale or conversion of capital. (Source: WESTS) inkomsten uit afval(herwerking) English: waste income English definition: The total amount of refuse or unusable material that enters a process or system. (Source: RHW) inkomstenbelasting English: income tax English definition: A tax on the annual profits arising from property, business pursuits, professions, trades or offices. (Source: BLACK) inkt English: ink English definition: A dispersion of a pigment or a solution of a dye in a carrier vehicle, yielding a fluid, paste, or powder to be applied to and dried on a substrate; writing, marking, drawing, and printing inks are applied by several methods to paper, metal, plastic, wood, glass, fabric, or other substrate. (Source: MGH) inktverwijdering English: de-inking English definition: Series of processes by which various types of printing inks are removed from paper fibre pulp during the pre-processing and recycling of recovered paper products. Particularly necessary where high quality and whiteness of the finished product are required. (Source: GRAHAW) inleggerij English: pickling plant English definition: Plant where scale is removed from iron and steel usually by means of immersion in a hot hydrochloric or sulphuric acid bath. Wastes include spent pickling liquor, sludges and rinse water. (Source: PORTa) inleidende procedure English: preliminary proceedings English definition: Any introductory action in the judicial process designed to determine the need for further court involvement or to expedite a motion that requires immediate attention. (Source: BLD) inlichtingsplicht English: obligation to inform inschatting English: appraisal English definition: An expert or official valuation. (Source: WEBSTE) inschatting van (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen English: resource appraisal English definition: Assessment of the availability of resources in a given area. (Source: GILP96a) inschatting van de invloed op het milieu English: environmental impact assessment English definition: Analysis and judgement of the effects upon the environment, both temporary and permanent, of a significant development or project. It must also consider the social consequences and alternative actions. (Source: BRACK) inschatting van een verontreinigende stof English: pollutant assessment inschatting van het risico English: risk assessment English definition: The qualitative and quantitative evaluation performed in an effort to define the risk posed to human health and/or the environment by an action or by the presence or use of a specific substance or pollutant. (Source: LEEa) insecten English: insect English definition: A class of the Arthropoda typically having a segmented body with an external, chitinous covering, a pair of compound eyes, a pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts, and two pairs of wings. (Source: MGH) insecteneters English: insectivore English definition: Any placental mammal of the order Insectivora, being typically small, with simple teeth, and feeding on invertebrates. The group includes shrews, moles, and hedgehogs. (Source: CED) insecticide English: insecticide English definition: Any chemical agent used to destroy invertebrate pests. (Source: LBC) inspectie English: inspection English definition: An official examination and evaluation of the extent to which specified goals, objectives, standards, policies or procedures of an agency, organization, department or unit have been met properly. (Source: DAM) inspectie van de boeken English: inspection of records inspraak English: active participation English definition: The involvement, either by an individual or a group of individuals, in their own governance or other activities, with the purpose of exerting influence. (Source: RHW) inspraak English: community participation English definition: Involvement in public or private actions, as members or as a member of a particular ethnic, political or social group, with the purpose of exerting influence. (Source: RHW) installatie die goedgekeurd vereist English: installation requiring approval English definition: The official authorization needed to assemble and place into position any apparatus, facility, military post or machinery. (Source: RHW) installatie- of apparatenbouw English: construction of installations instelling voor milieubeheer English: environmental administration institution English definition: A central government organization that has authority or oversight over government activity relating to the preservation and safeguarding of ecological or natural resources. (Source: BLD / TOE) institutionalisering English: institutionalisation English definition: The establishment and normalization of a law, custom, usage, practice, system or regulative principle in the activity or purpose of a group or organization. (Source: OED) institutionele activiteit English: institutional activity English definition: The specific tasks, undertakings or functions that governments, businesses and other organizations perform. (Source: RHW) institutionele structuur English: institutional structure English definition: An organization's complex system of mutually connected and dependent elements or parts, which make up a definite manner of arrangement. (Source: OED) instroom English: inflow English definition: 1) Water other than wastewater that enters a sewer system (including sewer service connections) from sources such as, but not limited to, roof leaders, cellars drains, yard drains, area drains, drains from springs and swampy areas, manhole covers, cross connections between storm sewers and sanitary sewers, catch basins, cooling towers, storm waters, surface runoff, street wash waters, or drainage. Inflow does not include, and is distinguished from, infiltration. 2) Action of flowing in; an inflow of effluent into a river. (Source: JJK / PHC) instrumentatie English: instrumentation English definition: Designing, manufacturing, and utilizing physical instruments or instrument systems for detection, observation, measurement, automatic control, automatic computation, communication, or data processing. (Source: MGH) instrumentenvervaardiging English: instrument manufacture integraal natuurreservaat English: integral natural reserve English definition: Areas allocated to preserve and protect certain animals and plants, or both. They differ from national parks, which are largely a place for public recreation, because they are provided exclusively to protect species for their own sake. Endangered species are increasingly being kept in nature reserves to prevent them from extinction. Nature reserves also serve as a place for more plentiful species to rest, breed or winter. (Source: WRIGHT) intensieve landbouw English: intensive farming English definition: Farming in which as much use is made of the land as possible by growing crops close together or by growing several crops in a year or by using large amounts of fertilizers. (Source: PHC) intensieve veehouderij English: factory farming English definition: The technique of capital intensive animal-raising in an artificial environment, used for chicken, egg, turkey, beef, veal and pork production. Animals are restrained in a controlled indoor environment and their food is brought to them. The building take on the appearance of industrial units. (Source: GOOD) intensieve veehouderij English: intensive animal husbandry English definition: Specialized system of breeding animals where the livestock are kept indoors and fed on concentrated foodstuffs, with frequent use of drugs to control diseases which are a constant threat under these conditions. (Source: PHC) interbibliothecair leenverkeer English: inter-library loan English definition: The service provided by one library in which a second library's clients are temporarily allowed to use books and other printed materials belonging to the first library; and consequently the system providing rules and infrastructure for this service to a group of libraries. (Source: RHW) interdisciplinair onderzoek English: interdisciplinary research English definition: The utilisation, combination and coordination of two or more appropriate disciplines, technologies and humanities in an integrated approach toward environmental problems. (Source: UNUN) intergouvernementeel English: intergovernmental internationaal belangrijk ecosysteem English: internationally important ecosystem English definition: Ecosystems whose importance is recognised at international level and which are, in some cases, protected by international conventions. (Source: RRDA) internationaal conflict English: international conflict English definition: A controversy, disagreement, quarrel or warfare between or among two or more nations or countries, often requiring involvement or monitoring by other members of the global community. (Source: OED / ISEP) internationaal economisch recht English: international economic law English definition: The recognized rules guiding the commercial relations of at least two sovereign states or private parties involved in cross-border transactions, including regulations for trade, finance and intellectual property. (Source: IEL) internationaal evenwicht English: international balance English definition: A system in which nations or blocs of nations strive to maintain an equilibrium of power to prevent dominance by any single nation or to reduce conflict or the possibility of war. (Source: IPE) Internationaal Gerechtshof English: International Court of Justice English definition: Judicial arm of the United Nations. It has jurisdiction to give advisory opinions on matters of law and treaty construction when requested by the General Assembly, Security Council or any other international agency authorised by the General Assembly to petition for such opinion. It has jurisdiction, also, to settle legal disputes between nations when voluntarily submitted to it. (Source: BLACK) Internationaal Monetair Fonds English: International Monetary Fund English definition: An international organization established in 1944, affiliated with the United Nations that acts as an international bank facilitating the exchange of national currencies and providing loans to member nations. It also evaluates the performance of the economies of the world's countries. (Source: KINGST) internationaal privaatrecht English: private international law English definition: The part of the national law of a country that establishes rules for dealing with cases involving a foreign element. (Source: DICLAW) internationaal publiekrecht English: public international law English definition: The general rules and principles pertaining to the conduct of nations and of international organizations and with the relations among them. (Source: BLD) internationaal recht English: international law English definition: The system of law regulating the interrelationship of sovereign states and their rights and duties with regard to one another. (Source: DICLAW) internationaal rivierbekken English: international river basin English definition: Land area drained by a river and its tributaries whose waters are situated in and utilized by two or more countries. (Source: TOE / EWP) internationale betrekkingen English: international relations English definition: The political or diplomatic interaction or dealings between independent nations. (Source: RHW) internationale concurrentie English: international competitiveness English definition: The ability of firms to strive with rivals in the production and sale of commodities in worldwide markets. (Source: ODE / OED) internationale conventie English: international convention English definition: Treaties and other agreements of a contractual character between different countries or organizations of states creating legal rights and obligations between the parties. (Source: BLACK) internationale handel English: international trade English definition: The flow of commodities and goods between nations. (Source: GOOD) internationale harmonisatie English: international harmonisation English definition: Harmonisation of the interrelationship of sovereign states by the application of general principles recognized by civilized nations. (Source: DICLAWa) internationale hulp English: international assistance English definition: Economic, military, technical or financial aid or support given to nations or countries in need, often from other governments or international or intergovernmental organizations. (Source: INP) internationale milieuverhoudingen English: international environmental relations English definition: The political or diplomatic interaction or dealings between independent nations that pertain to ecological concerns. (Source: RHW) internationale organisatie English: international organisation English definition: An association of independent states, whose representatives gather for the promotion of common interests including defense and trade. (Source: GT2) internationale overeenkomst English: international agreement English definition: Cooperation in international efforts to support global environmental goals. Solutions to environmental problems such as trans-boundary airborne and waterborne pollution, ozone depletion and climate change require action by all responsible countries. (Source: WRES) internationale politiek English: international politics English definition: The use of methods, strategy, intrigue, decision making and power by governments and their representatives to achieve goals in policy making or governmental affairs in a worldwide or international arena. (Source: RHW) internationale samenwerking English: international co-operation English definition: The collaboration between governments, businesses or individuals in which it is agreed to work together on similar objectives or strategies, particularly in research or in setting industrial standards. (Source: ODE) internationale standaardisatie English: international standardisation English definition: The process of establishing or conforming something to a norm or measure that is recognized beyond the boundaries of a single country or nation. (Source: RHW) internationale veiligheid English: international safety English definition: Freedom from danger or the quality of averting risk of harm to persons, property or the environment shared across one or more national boundaries; consequently, the combined efforts of more than one nation to achieve or preserve that state. (Source: OED / RHW) internationale verdeling English: international distribution English definition: The worldwide allocating of resources or dispersing of goods. (Source: ISEP / RHW) internationale verdeling van werk English: international division of labour internationale vergelijking English: international transaction English definition: Any agreement or act involving two or more countries in which business dealings, negotiations or other affairs are settled or concluded. (Source: BLD) internationale waterweg English: international watercourse English definition: Portions of a geographical area which constitutes a hydrogeological unit as the catchment area for a single river which are under the jurisdiction of two or more countries. (Source: WPRa) interne aanrekening van externe kosten English: internalisation of external costs English definition: The process of getting those who produce goods or services with adverse effects on the environment or on society to incorporate a knowledge of possible negative repercussions into future economic decisions. (Source: ODE) interne aanrekening van milieukosten English: internalisation of environmental costs Internet English: Internet English definition: A global consortium of local computer networks that uses the TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) protocol to connect machines to each other, providing access to the World Wide Web, Gopher, electronic mail, remote login and file transfer. (Source: WON) Internetprovider English: internet service provider English definition: A business or organization that supplies connections to a part of the Internet, often through telephone lines. (Source: TWI) Internetzoekoptie English: internet search service English definition: The provision of special aid by library staff trained to query bibliographic or other information contained on the Internet, a large distributed electronic system, usually to meet the research needs of the library's clients. (Source: RHW / LFS) interpolatie English: interpolation English definition: A process used to estimate an intermediate value of one (dependent) variable which is a function of a second (independent) variable when values of the dependent variable corresponding to several discrete values of the independent variable are known. (Source: MGH) interpretatiemethode English: interpretation method English definition: Method employed in the assessment of the meaning and significance of data, results, facts, etc. (Source: RRDA) interventiefonds English: intervention fund English definition: Money or financial resources set aside to interpose or interfere in any business affair in order to affect an outcome. (Source: OED) inventaris English: inventory English definition: A detailed list of articles, goods, property, etc. (Source: CED) inventarisatie English: stocktaking English definition: The counting over of materials or goods on hand, as in a stockroom or store. inventarisatie van bosschade English: inventory of forest damage English definition: Survey of a forest area to determine forest depletion. The aim of the inventory is to give an overview of the forest conditions. Especially should the inventory aim to detect any changes in the forest conditions, but it should also provide the distribution of the forest damages and find out any relation with site and stand conditions. (Source: DUNSTEa) inversie English: inversion English definition: A reversal in the usual direction of a process, as in the change of density of water at 4deg C. (Source: PITT) investering English: investment English definition: Any item of value purchased for profitable return, as income, interest or capital appreciation. (Source: IVW / RHW) investering voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution control investment English definition: Securities held for the production of income in the form of interest and dividends with the aim of controlling or reducing pollution or substances in the environment deemed harmful to human health and natural resources. (Source: ISEP / EFP) invloed op het milieu English: environmental impact English definition: Any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. (Source: LANDY) invloed van aquacultuur op het milieu English: environmental impact of aquaculture English definition: Fish farming pollutes the water with nutrients, methane and hydrogen sulphide which threaten both farmed fish and other marine life. Dangerous pesticides have been used to treat infestations of sea lice. (Source: WPR) invloed van bosbouw op het milieu English: environmental impact of forestry English definition: The world's forestry resources are shrinking at an alarming rate. The need for foreign exchange encourages many developing countries to cut timber faster than forests can be regenerated. This overcutting not only depletes the resource that underpins the world timber trade, it causes loss of forest-based livelihoods, increases soil erosion and downstream flooding, and accelerates the loss of species and genetic resources. (Source: WPR) invloed van energie op het milieu English: environmental impact of energy English definition: Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use. (Source: RAU) invloed van huishoudens op het milieu English: environmental impact of households English definition: Household impacts on the environment include domestic heating emissions (hot air, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapour and oxide of nitrogen, sulphur and other trace gases); domestic sewage consisting of human bodily discharges, water from kitchens, bathrooms and laundries; the dumping of bulky wastes such as old washing machines, refrigerators, cars and other objects that will not fit into the standard dustbin and which are often dumped about the countryside, etc. (Source: WPR / GILP96) invloed van industrie op het milieu English: environmental impact of industry English definition: The effects on the environment connected with industrial activities are mainly related to the production of industrial wastes that can be divided into various types: solid waste, such as dust particles or slag from coal; liquid wastes from various processes, including radioactive coolants from power stations; and gas wastes, largely produced by the chemical industry. (Source: RRDA) invloed van landbouw op het milieu English: environmental impact of agriculture English definition: Agricultural activities have significant impacts on water quality, including increases in stream sedimentation from erosion, and increases in nutrients, pesticides, and salt concentrations in runoff. In certain regions, the misuse of pesticides has led to the development of pesticide-resistant strains of pests, destroyed natural predators, killed local wildlife, and contaminated human water supplies. Improper application of fertilizers has changed the types of vegetation and fish types inhabiting nearby waterways and rivers. (Source: RAU / WPR) invloed van recreatie op het milieu English: environmental impact of recreation English definition: Recreation and tourism are often accompanied by extensive damage to the environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of an increased tourist trade and the resultant building of hotel accommodations, sewage disposal works, roads, car parks and landing jetties on banks and coastlines; and the increased angling, swimming, water skiing, shooting or use of motor-boats in the water body. These all produce direct deleterious effects when conducted on a massive scale, including shore damage, chemical changes in the water, and sediments and biological changes in the plant and animal communities. (Source: WPR) invloed van toerisme op het milieu English: environmental impact of tourism English definition: Extensive damage to the environment caused by recreation and tourism, including despoiling of coastlines by construction of tourist facilities; pollution of the sea; loss of historic buildings to make way for tourist facilities; loss of agricultural land for airport development, etc. (Source: WPR) invloed van vervoer op het milieu English: environmental impact of transport English definition: Impact of transportation-related activities on the environment, in particular, those impacts dealing with air pollution, noise, displacement of people and businesses, disruption of wildlife habitats, and overall growth-inducing effects. (Source: RAU) invloed van visserij op het milieu English: environmental impact of fishing English definition: Fishing may have various negative effects on the environment: effluent and waste from fish farms may damage wild fish, seals, and shellfish. Fish farmers use tiny quantities of highly toxic chemicals to kill lice: one overdose could be devastating. So-called by-catches, or the incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. Some fishing techniques, like the drift nets, yield not only tons of fish but kill millions of birds, whales and seals and catch millions of fish not intended. Small net holes often capture juvenile fish who never have a chance to reproduce. Some forms of equipment destroy natural habitats, for example bottom trawling may destroy natural reefs. Other destructive techniques are illegal dynamite and cyanide fishing. (Source: WPR) invoer English: import English definition: The act of bringing goods and merchandise into a country from a foreign country. (Source: WESTS) invoerder English: importer English definition: Person or society receiving and buying goods and services from abroad. (Source: CED) invoervergunning English: import licence English definition: Permission from a government to bring within its borders and sell a product manufactured in a foreign country. (Source: BLD) ionen English: ion English definition: An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons. (Source: CED) ionen(uit)wisselaar English: ion exchanger English definition: A permanent insoluble material (usually a synthetic resin) which contains ions that will exchange reversibly with other ions in a surrounding solution. Both cation and anion exchangers are used in water conditioning. The volume of an ion exchanger is measured in cubic liters of exchanger after the exchanger bed has been backwashed and drained, and has settled into place. (Source: WQA) ionen(uit)wisseling English: ion exchange English definition: The process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble solid, usually a resin. (Source: CED) ioniserende straling English: ionising radiation English definition: Radiation that is capable of energizing atoms sufficiently to remove electrons from them. In this state atoms become more reactive, so that ionizing radiation increases chemical activity and in this way produces biological effects, including effects that involve alterations induced in DNA. X-rays and gamma-rays are the only electromagnetic waves that cause ionization in biological material. (Source: ALL) ionosfeer English: ionosphere English definition: A region of the earth's atmosphere, extending from about 60 to 1000 kilometers above the earth's surface, in which there is a high concentration of free electrons formed as a result of ionizing radiation entering the atmosphere from space. (Source: CED) isolatie English: insulation (process) English definition: The process of preventing or reducing the transmission of electricity, heat, or sound to or from a body, device, or region by surrounding it with a nonconducting material. (Source: CED) isolatiemateriaal English: sound insulation material English definition: Material used to reduce the transmission of sound to or from a body, device, room, etc. (Source: CED) isolerend materiaal English: insulating material English definition: Material that prevents or reduces the transmission of electricity, heat, or sound to or from a body, device or region. (Source: CED) isomeer English: isomer English definition: 1) Two or more compounds having the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule.2) One of two or more chemical substances having the same elementary percentage composition and molecular weight but differing in structure, and therefore in properties; there are many ways in which such structural differences occur. (Source: CED / MGH) ISO-standaard English: ISO standard English definition: Documented agreements containing technical specifications or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics, to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose. (Source: ISOCH) isotoop English: isotope English definition: One or two or more atoms with the same atomic number that contain different numbers of neutrons. (Source: CED) ivoor English: ivory English definition: The fine-grained creamy-white dentine forming the tusks of elephants, and the teeth or tusks of certain other large animals such as the walrus; it has long been esteemed for a wide variety of ornamental articles. (Source: BJGEO) jaargetijde English: season English definition: One of the four equal periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices, resulting from the apparent movement of the sun north and south of the equator during the course of the earth's orbit around it. These periods (spring, summer, autumn and winter) have their characteristic weather conditions in different regions, and occur at opposite times of the year in the N and S hemispheres. (Source: CED) jacht English: hunting English definition: The pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals, regarded as a sport. (Source: CED) jachtgebied English: hunting reserve English definition: Area of land where the pursuit and killing or capture of game and wild animals is permitted. (Source: CED) jachthaven English: marina English definition: A small port that is used for pleasure rather than trade, often with hotels, restaurants and bars. (Source: CAMB) jachthuis English: country lodge English definition: A small house or a hut located in the countryside. (Source: HARRIS) jachtvergunning English: hunting licence English definition: Official permission granted to individuals or commercial enterprises allowing and regulating by time, location, species, size or amount the wild animals or game that can be killed and taken from lands within a particular jurisdiction. (Source: RHW) jeugdwerk English: youth work English definition: Job opportunities and employment for adolescents, either for financial reward or educational enrichment. (Source: RHW) jodium English: iodine English definition: A nonmetallic halogen element; the poisonous, corrosive dark plates or granules are readily sublimed; insoluble in water, soluble in common solvents; used as germicide and antiseptic, in dyes, tinctures, and pharmaceuticals, in engraving lithography, and as a catalyst and analytical reagent. (Source: MGH) jong English: young jongere English: youth English definition: The state of being young; the period between childhood and adult age. (Source: ZINZAN) juridisch systeem van de Europese Gemeenschap English: Community legal system English definition: The directly applicable legislation of the European Community regulating the relations of member states. (Source: CURZONa) juridische stand English: legal profession English definition: A body of persons whose occupation is concerned with advising clients in matters of law, representing them in court or assisting them through the judicial process, including, in the first instance, lawyers and, by extension, judges, legal assistants and court employees. (Source: OCT / RHW) jurisprudentie English: jurisprudence English definition: The science or philosophy of law. (Source: CED) kaart English: map English definition: A representation, normally on a flat medium, that displays the physical and political features of a surface area of the earth, showing them in their respective forms, sizes and relationships according to some convention of representation. (Source: RHW) kabel English: cable English definition: Strands of insulated electrical conductors laid together, usually around a central core, and wrapped in a heavy insulation. (Source: MGH) kachel English: stove English definition: A chamber within which a fuel-air mixture is burned to provide heat, the heat itself being radiated outward from the chamber; used for space heating, process-fluid heating, and steel blast furnaces. (Source: MGH) kaderwetgeving English: framework legislation English definition: A body of rules prescribed by a government, often composed in a series of inter-related parts, to establish or lay the foundation for a new project, agency or organizational structure. (Source: RHW) kakkerlakken English: cockroach English definition: The most primitive of the living winged insects. It is thought they have been unchanged for more than 300 million years, and are among the oldest fossil insects. Cockroaches are usually found in tropical climates, but a few species, out of the total 3.500 known species, have become pests. They are common household pests in many countries, imported by ship and carried home in grocery bags. Cockroaches eat plant and animal products, including food, paper, clothing and soiled hospital waste, fouling everything they touch with their droppings and unpleasant odour, to which many people are allergic. They are a major health hazard and carry harmful bacteria, protozoan parasites and faunal pathogens, including those that cause typhoid, leprosy and salmonella. Conventional insecticides make little or no impact on the cockroaches population. (Source: WRIGHT / WPR) kali- en steenzoutmijnbouw English: rock salt mining English definition: Rock salt mining is an underground mining process in which the salt is physically dug out of the ground in an operation involving drilling, blasting and crushing the rock. The major percentage of this output is used for winter road maintenance. (Source: SALINF) kalk English: lime English definition: Any of various mineral and industrial forms of calcium oxide differing chiefly in water content and percentage of constituent such as silica, alumina and iron. (Source: AMHER) kalkgehalte English: calcium content English definition: Amount of calcium contained in a solution. (Source: MGHa) kalksteen English: limestone English definition: A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of the mineral calcite and with or without magnesium carbonate. Limestones are formed by either organic or inorganic processes, and may be detrital, chemical, oolitic, earthy, crystalline, or recrystallized; many are highly fossiliferous and clearly represent ancient shell banks or coral reefs. (Source: BJGEO) kamp English: camp English definition: 1) A place where tents, cabins, or other temporary structures are erected for the use of military troops, for training soldiers, etc.2) Tents, cabins, etc., used as temporary lodgings by a group of travellers, holiday-makers, Scouts, Gypsies, etc. (Source: CED) kampeerterrein English: camping site English definition: A piece of land where people on holiday can stay in tents, usually with toilets and places for washing. (Source: CAMB) kamperen English: camping English definition: Guarded area equipped with sanitary facilities where holiday-makers may pitch a tent and camp by paying a daily rate. (Source: ZINZAN) kanaal English: canal English definition: An artificial open waterway used for transportation, waterpower, or irrigation. (Source: MGH) kanaalsluis English: canal lock English definition: A chamber with gates on both ends connecting two sections of a canal or other waterway, to raise or lower the water level in each section. (Source: MGH) kanaliseren English: channelling English definition: Any system of distribution canals or conduits for water, gas, electricity, or steam. (Source: MGH) kanker English: cancer English definition: Any malignant cellular tumour including carcinoma and sarcoma. It encompasses a group of neoplastic diseases in which there is a transformation of normal body cells into malignant ones, probably involving some change in the genetic material of the cells, possibly as a result of faulty repair of damage to the cell caused by carcinogenic agents or ionizing radiation. (Source: KOREN) kankerverwekkende stof English: carcinogen English definition: A substance that causes cancer in humans and animals. (Source: WRIGHT) kansarmen English: underprivileged people English definition: A segment of the population that does not have access to the rights or benefits granted to the rest of society, often because of low economic or social status. (Source: RHW) kantoor English: office English definition: Any room, set of rooms or building used for the administration of government service, business transactions or other work related activities. (Source: RHW) kantoorstudie English: desk study kapitaalbelasting English: tax on capital English definition: A government imposed levy on the wealth or assets gained by an individual, firm, or corporation for the purpose of raising revenue to pay for services or improvements for the general public benefit. (Source: EFP / RHW) kappen [bosbouw] English: cutting (forestry) English definition: The act or process of felling or uprooting standing trees, in order to produce timber products. (Source: TIM) kappen van een bos English: woodland clearance English definition: The permanent clear-felling of an area of forest or woodland. On steep slopes this can lead to severe soil erosion, especially where heavy seasonal rains or the melting of snow at higher levels cause sudden heavy flows of water. In the humid tropics it may also lead to a release of carbon dioxide from the soil. (Source: ALL2) karkasverwerking English: carcass disposal English definition: The disposal of slaughtered animals, other dead animal bodies and animal body parts after removal of the offal products. (Source: ISEP) karst English: karst English definition: 1) A German rendering of a Serbo-Croat term referring to the terrain created by limestone solution and characterized by a virtual absence of surface drainage, a series of surface hollows, depressions and fissures, collapse structures, and an extensive subterranean drainage network.2) A type of topography that is formed on limestone, gypsum, and other rocks by dissolution, and that is characterized by sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage. Etymology: German, from the Yugoslavian territory Krs; type locality, a limestone plateau in the Dinaric Alps of northwestern Yugoslavia and northeastern Italy. (Source: WHIT / BJGEO) kartering English: mapping English definition: The process of making a map of an area; especially the field work necessary for the production of a map. (Source: BJGEO) kartografie English: cartography English definition: The making of maps and charts for the purpose of visualizing spatial distributions over various areas of the earth. (Source: MGH) Kaspische Zee English: Caspian Sea kastanje English: chestnut English definition: Any north temperate fagaceous tree of the genus Castanea, such as Castanea sativa, which produce flowers in long catkins and nuts in a prickly bur. (Source: CED) katachtigen English: felid English definition: Predatory mammal, including cats, lions, leopards, tigers, jaguars, and cheetahs, typically having a round head and retractile claws. (Source: CED) katalysator (stof) English: catalyst English definition: A substance whose presence alters the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds, but whose own composition remains unchanged by the reaction. Catalysts are usually employed to accelerate reactions(positive catalyst), but retarding (negative) catalysts are also used. (Source: ALL) katalysator (toestel) English: catalytic converter English definition: Catalytic converters are designed to clean up the exhaust fumes from petrol-driven vehicles, which are otherwise the major threat to air quality standards in congested urban streets and on motorways. Converters remove carbon monoxide, the unburned hydrocarbons and the oxides of nitrogen. These compounds are damaging to human health and the environment in a variety of ways. The converter is attached to the vehicle' s exhaust near the engine. Exhaust gases pass through the cellular ceramic substrate, a honeycomb-like filter. While compact, the intricate honeycomb structure provides a surface area of 23.000 square metres. This is coated with a thin layer of platinum, palladium and rhodium metals, which act as catalysts that simulate a reaction to changes in the chemical composition of the gases. Platinum and palladium convert hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and water vapour. Rhodium changes nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons into nitrogen and water, which are harmless. (Source: WRIGHT) katalyse English: catalysis English definition: A phenomenon in which a relatively small amount of substance augments the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed. (Source: MGH) kation English: cation English definition: A positively charged atom or group of atoms, or a radical which moves to the negative pole (cathode) during electrolysis. (Source: MGH) katoen English: cotton English definition: The most economical natural fiber, obtained from plants of the genus Gossypium, used in making fabrics, cordage, and padding and for producing artificial fibers and cellulose. (Source: MGH) kennis hart-en vaatziekten English: cardiology English definition: The study of the heart. (Source: MGH) kerk English: church English definition: A building for religious activities. (Source: CAMB) kernbrandstof English: nuclear fuel English definition: Nuclear fuels are obtained from inorganic minerals extracted by mining. Although they are at least partially consumed when used in nuclear reactors for the production of heat, they differ from fossil fuels in the way they release energy. Burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil and gas, is a chemical reaction. Nuclear fuels, such as uranium, are destroyed by a process of spontaneous disintegration, called fission, and prompted by natural radioactivity. If the process is left to occur naturally in uranium-bearing rock, the rate of change is imperceptibly small. In a man-made nuclear reactor the energy-releasing processes of disintegration, which in the natural state happen slowly over thousands of millions of years, are compressed into minutes. The release of energy is harnessed to generate steam which drives electricity generators. (Source: WRIGHT) kerncentrale English: nuclear power plant English definition: A power plant in which nuclear energy is converted into heat for use in producing steam for turbines, which in turn drive generators that produce electric power. (Source: MGH) kernenergie English: nuclear energy English definition: Energy released by nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. (Source: MGH) kernenergiegebruik English: nuclear energy use English definition: Nuclear energy is employed in the industrial sector, in the production of other energy types, in the medical and scientific research field, in transportation, in the production of nuclear weapons, etc. (Source: RRDA) kernfusie English: nuclear fusion English definition: Combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with release of some binding energy. (Source: MGH) kernfysica English: nuclear physics English definition: The study of the characteristics, behaviour and internal structures of the atomic nucleus. (Source: MGH) kernongeval English: nuclear accident English definition: An event occurring in a nuclear power plant or anywhere that radioactive materials are used, stored, or transported and involving the release of potentially dangerous levels of radioactive materials into the environment. (Source: FEMAa) kernontploffing (ongeval) English: nuclear explosion (accident) English definition: An unintentional release of energy from a rapid reaction of atomic nuclei yielding high temperatures and radiation potentially harmful to human health and the environment. (Source: RHW / ISEP) kernproef English: nuclear test English definition: Test performed to evaluate nuclear weapons. (Source: PHC) kernreactie English: nuclear reaction English definition: A reaction involving a change in an atomic nucleus, such as fission, fusion, neutron capture, or radioactive decay, as distinct from a chemical reaction, which is limited to changes in the electron structure surrounding the nucleus. (Source: MGH) kernreactor English: nuclear reactor English definition: Device which creates heat and energy by starting and controlling atomic fission. (Source: PHC) kernsplitsing English: nuclear fission English definition: The division of an atomic nucleus into parts of comparable mass; usually restricted to heavier nuclei such as isotopes of uranium, plutonium, and thorium. (Source: MGH) kernwapen English: nuclear weapon English definition: Any bomb, warhead, or projectile using active nuclear material to cause a chain reaction upon detonation. (Source: MGH) kerosine English: kerosene English definition: A thin oil distilled from petroleum or shale oil, used as a fuel for heating and cooking, in lamps, and as a denaturant for alcohol. (Source: AMHER) ketenbeheer English: chain management English definition: The administration, organization and planning for the flow of materials or merchandise through various stages of production and distribution, involving a network of vendors, suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and other trading partners. (Source: MSE) keuringsdienst English: inspection service English definition: An organization designated to look into, supervise and report upon, the staff members and workings of some institution or department, or the conforming to laws and regulations by a segment of society or other group. (Source: OED) keuze van technologie English: selection of technology kevers English: beetle English definition: Any insect of the order Coleoptera, having biting mouthparts and forewings modified to form shell-like protective elytra. (Source: CED) kieming English: germination English definition: The beginning or the process of development of a spore or seed. (Source: MGH) kiemplasma English: germ plasm English definition: The hereditary material transmitted to the offspring via the gametes. (Source: LBC) kikkers English: frog English definition: Any insectivorous anuran amphibian of the family Ranidae, such as Rana temporaria of Europe, having a short squat tailless body with a moist smooth skin and very long hind legs specialized for hopping. (Source: CED) kind English: child English definition: A person below the age of puberty. (Source: ISEP) kindersterfte English: infant mortality English definition: The rate of deaths occurring in the first year of life for a given population. (Source: MED) klachtrecht English: petition right English definition: A legal guarantee or just claim enabling a citizen or employee to compose and submit a formal written request to an authority asking for some benefit or favor or for intervention and redress of some wrong. (Source: BLD / RHW) klaring English: racking English definition: The mechanical dewatering of a wet solid by pouring off the liquid without disturbing the underlying sediment or precipitate. (Source: LEE) klaring van een vloeistof English: decantation English definition: Sizing or classifying particulate matter by suspension in a fluid (liquid or gas), the larger particulates tending to separate by sinking. (Source: ECHO2) kleding English: clothing English definition: Clothes considered as a group. (Source: AMHER) kledingindustrie English: clothing industry kleefstof English: adhesive English definition: Substance used for sticking objects together, such as glue, cement, or paste. (Source: CED) klei English: clay English definition: A loose, earthy, extremely fine-grained, natural sediment or soft rock composed primarily of clay-size or colloidal particles and characterized by high plasticity and by a considerable content of clay mineral and subordinate amounts of finely divided quartz, decomposed feldspar, carbonates, ferruginous matter, and other impurities; it forms a plastic, moldable mass when finely ground and mixed with water, retains its shape on drying, and becomes firm, rocklike and permanently hard on heating or firing. (Source: BJGEO) Kleine Eilanden English: Small Islands (political geography) kleine electriciteitscentrale English: small power station English definition: Power station of small size for the generation of energy at local level. (Source: RRDA) kleine en middelgrote industrieen English: small and medium sized industry kleinschalige oven English: small-scale furnace English definition: Small enclosed structures containing a heat source, typically used for the purpose of intense heating. Most are lined with refractory material, the heat source is typically provided by electrical elements or the burning of gas, coke or coal. (Source: GRAHAW) kleinschalige stroomopwekker English: small-scale inducer English definition: A domestic source introducing small quantities of pollutants into a publicly owned waste-treatment system. (Source: EPAGLOa) kleur English: colour English definition: An attribute of things that results from the light they reflect, transmit, or emit in so far as this light causes a visual sensation that depends on its wavelengths. (Source: CED) kleursamenstelling English: colour composition English definition: A remote-sensing term referring to the process of assigning different colours to different spectral bands. The colour picture formed by this process is called a 'colour composite' (a colour image produced through optical combination of multiband images by projection through filters) and is produced by assigning a colour to an image of the Earth's surface recorded in a particular waveband. For a Landsat colour composite, the green waveband is coloured blue, the red waveband is coloured green and the infrared waveband is coloured red. This produces an image closely approximating a false colour photograph. Colour composite images are easier to interpret than separate images recording different wavebands. US national experimental crop inventories are based upon visual interpretation of Landsat colour composites. (Source: RRDA / WHIT) kleurstof English: dye English definition: A coloring material. (Source: LEE) klif English: cliff English definition: A steep coastal declivity which may or may not be precipitous, the slope angle being dependent partly on the jointing, bedding and hardness of the materials from which the cliff has been formed, and partly on the erosional processes at work. Where wave attack is dominant the cliff-foot will be rapidly eroded and cliff retreat will take place, especially in unconsolidated materials such as clays, sands, etc., frequently leaving behind an abrasion platform at the foot of the cliff. (Source: WHIT) klimaat English: climate English definition: The average weather condition in a region of the world. Many aspects of the Earth's geography affect the climate. Equatorial, or low, latitudes are hotter than the polar latitudes because of the angle at which the rays of sunlight arrive at the Earth's surface. The difference in temperature at the equator and at the poles has an influence on the global circulation of huge masses of air. Cool air at the poles sinks and spreads along the surface of the Earth towards the equator. Cool air forces its way under the lower density warmer air in the lower regions, pushing the lighter air up and toward the poles, where it will cool and descend. (Source: WRIGHT) klimaat English: climate klimaatbescherming English: climate protection English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm from pollution to natural weather conditions or patterns, including the prevailing temperature, atmospheric composition and precipitation. (Source: DOE / RHW) klimaatexperiment English: climatic experiment English definition: Experiments conducted to estimate future climatic conditions employing modelling of the physical processes underlying climatic change and variability; also, assessments are required of uncertain future man-made inputs such as increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and other green-house gases. (Source: YOUNG) klimaatfactor English: climatic factor English definition: Physical conditions that determine the climate in a given area, e.g. latitude, altitude, ocean streams, etc. (Source: UNUN) klimaatschommeling English: climatic alteration English definition: The slow variation of climatic characteristics over time at a given place. This may be indicated by the geological record in the long term, by changes in the landforms in the intermediate term, and by vegetation changes in the short term. (Source: WHIT) klimaattype English: climate type English definition: Weather conditions typical of areas roughly corresponding to lines of latitude. (Source: CEDa) klimaatverandering English: climatic change English definition: The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. (Source: GSFC) klimaatzone English: climatic zone English definition: A belt of the earth's surface within which the climate is generally homogeneous in some respect; an elemental region of a simple climatic classification. (Source: MGH) klimatologie English: climatology English definition: That branch of meteorology concerned with the mean physical state of the atmosphere together with its statistical variations in both space and time as reflected in the weather behaviour over a period of many years. (Source: MGH) klimplant [muur] English: climbing plant (wall) English definition: A plant that lacks rigidity and grows upwards by twining, scrambling, or clinging with tendrils and suckers. (Source: CED) kloof English: canyon English definition: A long deep, relatively narrow steep-sided valley confined between lofty and precipitous walls in a plateau or mountainous area, often with a stream at the bottom; similar to, but largest than, a gorge. It is characteristic of an arid or semiarid area (such as western U.S.) where stream downcutting greatly exceeds weathering. (Source: BJGEO) knaagdieren English: rodent English definition: Any of the relatively small placental mammals that constitute the order Rodentia, having constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing. (Source: MGH) knalpot English: silencer English definition: Any device designed to reduce noise, especially the device in the exhaust system of a motor vehicle. (Source: CED) kobalt English: cobalt English definition: A metallic element used chiefly in alloys. (Source: MGH) koelen English: cooling English definition: Setting aside a highly radioactive material until the radioactivity has diminished to a desired level. (Source: MGH) koelindustrie English: refrigeration industry koeling; kunstmatige koeling English: refrigeration English definition: The cooling of substances, usually food, below the environmental temperature for preservative purposes. Refrigeration is responsible for the largest and fastest-growing use of CFCs in the developing world. The industrial countries, and some developing countries, have taken exceptional steps to control and, eventually, ban the production of CFCs and other ozone-depleting materials by the year 2000. However, many developing nations have not signed the Montreal Protocol because they are afraid that the cost of changing over to alternative, ozone-friendly technology will be too high. (Source: MGHa / WRIGHT) koelkast English: refrigerator English definition: An appliance, a cabinet, or a room for storing food or other substances at a low temperature. (Source: AMHER) koelmiddel English: refrigerant English definition: A substance that by undergoing a change in phase (liquid to gas, gas to liquid) releases or absorbs a large latent heat in relation to its volume, and thus effects a considerable cooling effect. (Source: MGH) koelolie English: cooling oil English definition: Oil used as a cooling agent, either with forced circulation or with natural circulation. (Source: ECHO2a) koeltoren English: cooling tower English definition: A device that aids in heat removal from water used as a coolant in electric power generating plants. (Source: LANDY) koelwater English: cooling water English definition: Water used to make something less hot, such as the irradiated elements from a nuclear reactor or the engine of a machine. (Source: PHC) koepelbeleid (verhandelbare emissierechten) English: bubble policy (emissions trading) English definition: EPA policy that allows a plant complex with several facilities to decrease pollution from some facilities while increasing it from others, so long as total results are equal to or better than previous limits. Facilities where this is done are treated as if they exist in a bubble in which total emissions are averaged out. (Source: EPAGLO) kolentechnologie English: coal technology English definition: The processing of coal to make gaseous and liquid fuels. (Source: ENVAR) kolonisatie English: colonisation English definition: The successful invasion of a new habitat by a species. (Source: LBC) kookpunt English: boiling point English definition: The temperature at which the transition from the liquid to the gaseous phase occurs in a pure substance at fixed pressure. (Source: MGH) kooldioxide English: carbon dioxide English definition: A colourless gas with a faint tingling smell and taste. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the source of carbon for plants. As carbon dioxide is heavier than air and does not support combustion, it is used in fire extinguishers. It is a normal constituent of the atmosphere, relatively innocuous in itself but playing an important role in the greenhouse effect. It is produced during the combustion of fossil fuels when the carbon content of the fuels reacts with the oxygen during combustion. It is also produced when living organisms respire. It is essential for plant nutrition and in the ocean phytoplankton is capable of absorbing and releasing large quantities of the gas. (Source: UVAROV / GILP96) koolhydraat English: carbohydrate English definition: Any of the group of organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, including sugars, starches and celluloses. (Source: MGH) koolmonoxide English: carbon monoxide English definition: Colorless, odourless, tasteless, non-corrosive, highly poisonous gas of about the same density as that of air. Very flammable, burning in air with bright blue flame. Although each molecule of CO has one carbon atom and one oxygen atom, it has a shape similar to that of an oxygen molecule (two atoms of oxygen), which is important with regard to it's lethality. (Source: PHYMAC) koolstof English: carbon English definition: A nonmetallic element existing in the three crystalline forms: graphite, diamond and buckminsterfullerene: occurring in carbon dioxide, coal, oil and all organic compounds. (Source: CED) koolstofcyclus English: carbon cycle English definition: The cycle of carbon in the biosphere, in which plants convert carbon dioxide to organic compounds that are consumed by plants and animals, and the carbon is returned to the biosphere in inorganic form by processes of respiration and decay. (Source: MGH) koolwaterstof English: hydrocarbon English definition: A very large group of chemical compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen. (Source: MGH) koolwaterstoftank English: hydrocarbon storage tank English definition: A container or a reservoir for the storage of hydrocarbons. (Source: MGH) koolzuurheffing English: carbon dioxide tax English definition: Compulsory charges levied on fuels to reduce the output of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a colourless and odourless gas substance that is incombustible. (Source: ODE / RHW) koop English: purchase English definition: The acquisition or the act of buying something by payment of money or its equivalent. (Source: RHW) koopvaardij English: merchant shipping English definition: Transportation of persons and goods by means of ships travelling along fixed navigation routes. (Source: ZINZANa) koper English: copper English definition: A chemical element; one of the most important nonferrous metals; a ductile and malleable metal found in various ores and used in industry, engineering, and the arts in both pure and alloyed form. (Source: MGH) koppotigen English: cephalopod English definition: Exclusively marine animals constituting the most advanced class of the Mollusca, including squid, octopuses, and Nautilus. (Source: MGH) koraalrif English: coral reef English definition: Coral reefs have been built up from the skeletons of reef-building coral a small primitive marine animal, and other marine animals and algae over thousands of years. They occur in clear, shallow and sunlit seas. Coral reefs are one of the most productive and diverse ecosystems and are estimated to yield about 12% of the world's fish catch. They are very vulnerable to any change in their environment, especially pollution, because it makes the water opaque. They must have light in order that photosyntesis by the algae can take place. Like trees, corals reflect the environmental conditions in which they grow, indicating marine pollution, sea-surface temperature and other aquatic conditions. (Source: WRIGHT) koraalriflagune English: coral reef lagoon English definition: A coastal stretch of shallow saltwater virtually cut off from the open sea by a coral reef. (Source: WHIT) koralen English: coral English definition: The skeleton of certain solitary and colonial anthozoan coelenterates; composed chiefly of calcium carbonate. (Source: MGH) korstmossen English: lichen English definition: Composite organisms formed by the symbiosis between species of fungi and an algae. They are either crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks, stone walls, roofs or garden paths. Because they have no actual roots they get their sustenance from the atmosphere and rainwater. Lichens play an important role in the detection and monitoring of pollution, especially sulphur dioxide, as they are highly sensitive to pollution and different species disappear if pollution reaches specific levels. (Source: WRIGHT) kosmische straling English: cosmic radiation English definition: Radiations consisting of atomic nuclei, especially protons, of very high energy that reach the earth from outer space. Some cosmic radiations are very energetic and are able to penetrate a mile or more into the Earth. (Source: CED / WRIGHT) kosten English: cost English definition: In economics, the value of the factors of production used by a firm in producing or distributing goods and services or engaging in both activities. (Source: GREENW) kosten van de binnenlandse economie English: national economic costs English definition: The amount of money incurred as a result of the financial management of a nation's financial resources. (Source: EFP / RHW) kosten van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution cost English definition: The amount of money incurred as a result of human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical, and radiological integrity of air, water, and other media. (Source: EFP / TOE) kosten-baten English: cost-benefit English definition: Relation between costs of a certain activity and its benefits to a certain community. kosten-baten analyse English: cost-benefit analysis English definition: The attempt to assess, compare and frequently justify the total price or loss represented by a certain activity or expenditure with the advantage or service it provides. (Source: ODE) kostentoename English: cost increase English definition: The augmentation or rise in the amount of money incurred or asked for in the exchange of goods and services. (Source: ISEP / EFP) kostenvermindering English: cost reduction English definition: The lessening or lowering in the amount of money incurred or asked for in the exchange of goods and services. (Source: ISEP / EFP) koude English: cold krachtcentrale op basis van afval English: waste-fed power station English definition: Power station that functions with refuse-derived fuel. (Source: PARCORa) krediet English: credit English definition: The financial facility or system by which goods and services are provided in return for deferred, instead of immediate, payment. (Source: ODE) kredietbeleid English: credit policy English definition: An official course of action adopted by a business, financial institution or state to regulate, restrict or increase deferred payment arrangements for goods, services or money. (Source: ODE) kredietbijstand English: credit assistance English definition: The help and support from banks and other financial institutions in providing money or goods without requiring present payment. (Source: ISEP / OED) kreeftachtigen English: crustacean English definition: A class of arthropod animals having jointed feet and mandibles, two pairs of antennae, and segmented, chitin-encased bodies. (Source: MGH) kreek English: creek English definition: A narrow inlet or bay, especially of the sea. (Source: CED) krijt English: chalk English definition: A soft, pure, earthy, fine-textured, usually white to light gray or buff limestone of marine origin, consisting almost wholly (90-99%) of calcite, formed mainly by shallow-water accumulation of calcareous tests of floating microorganisms (chiefly foraminifers) and of comminuted remains of calcareous algae (such as cocoliths and rhabdoliths), set in a structureless matrix of very finely crystalline calcite. The rock is porous, somewhat friable, and only slightly coherent. It may include the remains of bottom-dwelling forms (e.g. ammonites, echinoderms, and pelecypods), and nodules of chert and pyrite. The best known and most widespread chalks are of Cretaceous age, such as those exposed in cliffs on both sides of the English Channel. (Source: BJGEO) kringloop [verschijnsel] English: cycle (phenomenon) English definition: A completed series of events that follows or is followed by another series of similar events occurring in the same sequence. (Source: CED) kringloopnijverheid English: reclamation industry English definition: Industry for the transformation of solid waste into useful products. (Source: GRN) kringlooppapier English: recycled paper English definition: Paper that has been separated from the solid waste stream for utilization as a raw material in the manufacture of a new product. Not all paper in the waste stream is recyclable. It may be heavily contaminated or otherwise unusable. (Source: LEE) kringloopplastic English: recyclable plastic English definition: Plastic waste that can be transformed into new products. (Source: RRDA) kristallografie English: crystallography English definition: The branch of science that deals with the geometric description of crystals and their internal arrangement. (Source: MGH) kritisch niveau English: critical level English definition: General term referring to the concentration limit beyond which a substance can cause dangerous effects to living organisms. (Source: RRDA) kritische belasting English: critical load English definition: The maximum load that a given system can tolerate before failing. (Source: GRAHAWa) krokodillen English: crocodile English definition: Any large tropical reptile of the family Crocodylidae: order Crocodylia. They have a broad head, tapering snout, massive jaws, and a thick outer covering of bony plates. (Source: CED) kruising English: hybridisation English definition: The act or process of producing hybrids that is an animal or plant resulting from a cross between genetically unlike individuals. Hybrids between different species are usually sterile. (Source: MGH) kunst English: art English definition: The creation of works of beauty or other special significance. (Source: CED) kunstmaan English: artificial satellite English definition: Any man-made object placed in a near-periodic orbit in which it moves mainly under the gravitational influence of one celestial body, such as the earth, sun, another planet, or a planet's moon. (Source: MGH) kunstmatige voortplanting English: artificial reproductive technique kunststof English: synthetic material English definition: Material made artificially by chemical reaction. (Source: CEDa) kunststofverwerkende industrie English: synthetic materials industry kunstvezel English: synthetic textile fibre English definition: An artificially produced filament or threadlike strand used by manufacturers to produce clothes or other goods that require weaving, knitting or felting, including polyester, nylon, rayon and other similar material. (Source: INP / RHW) kunstvezelindustrie English: synthetic fibres industry kurk English: cork English definition: The thick light porous outer bark of the cork oak, used widely as an insulator and for stoppers for bottles, casks, etc. (Source: CED) kust English: coast English definition: A line or zone where the land meets the sea or some other large expanse of water. (Source: CED) kust(strook) English: seashore English definition: The zone of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the low water-line to where there is marked change in material or physiographic form or to the line of permanent vegetation. (Source: MGH) kustbeheer English: coastal management English definition: Measures by way of planning, prior approval of works, prohibition of some activities, physical structures, and restoration efforts to protect the coastline against the ravages of nature and haphazard and unplanned developments. (Source: GILP96) kustbescherming English: coast protection English definition: A form of environmental management designed to allay the progressive degradation of the land by coastal erosion processes. Sea defence works can be undertaken to protect the land from erosion and encroachment by the sea and against flooding. These involve engineering solutions such as groynes, sea walls, bulkheads, revetments and breakwaters. (Source: GOOD) kustecosysteem English: coastal ecosystem English definition: Marine environments bounded by the coastal land margin (seashore) and the continental shelf 100-200 m below sea level. Ecologically, the coastal and nearshore zones grade from shallow water depths, influenced by the adjacent landmass and input from coastal rivers and estuaries, to the continental shelf break, where oceanic processes predominate. Among the unique marine ecosystems associated with coastal and nearshore waterbodies are seaweed-dominated communities, coral reefs and upwellings. (Source: PARCOR) kusterosie English: coastal erosion English definition: The gradual wearing away of material from a coast by the action of sea water. (Source: GREMESa) kustgebied English: coastal area English definition: The areas of land and sea bordering the shoreline and extending seaward through the breaker zone. (Source: BJGEO) kustmilieu English: coastal environment English definition: The areas where the land masses meet the seas. Coastal environments include tidal wetlands, estuaries, bays, shallow near-shore waters, mangrove swamps, and in-shore reef systems. The critical habitats of these zones are: feeding, breeding, nursery, and resting areas. Coastal areas throughout the world are under enormous environmental stress, which is caused by a wide range of factors, including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats. (Source: GILP96 / WRIGHT) kustontwikkeling English: coastal development English definition: Concentration of human settlements, infrastructures and economical activities along the coasts, being these areas very favourable for trade, communication and marine resources exploitation; the impact of the accelerated population growth and of the industrial and touristic development in these areas has caused the disruption of the ecological integrity of the coastal zones. (Source: DIFIDa / RRDA) kustvervuiling English: coastal pollution English definition: The presence, release or introduction of polluting substances in or onto the seashore or the land near it. (Source: TOE / DOE / RHW) kustvisserij English: coastal fishing English definition: Fishing in an area of the sea next to the shoreline. (Source: PHC) kustwacht English: coastguard English definition: A maritime force which aids shipping, saves lives at sea, prevents smuggling, etc. It also responds to emergencies involving oil spills and other discharges at sea and takes the lead in enforcing the law, including assessing penalties for environmental violations. (Source: CED / PATHUL) kustwater English: coastal water English definition: Coastal waters are typically characterized by a shallow continental shelf, gently sloping seaward to a continental slope, which drops relatively abruptly to the deep ocean. The proximity of coastal water to land also influences the water circulation. In the vicinity of freshwater inflows, the nearshore circulation is altered by the presence of density-driven motions. Coastal waters are under enormous environmental stress, caused by a wide range of factors including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats. (Source: WRIGHT) kwaliteitsbewaking English: quality control English definition: The inspection, analysis, and other relevant actions taken to provide control over what is being done, manufactured, or fabricated, so that a desirable level of quality is achieved and maintained. (Source: HARRIS) kwaliteitscertificatie English: quality certification English definition: The formal assertion in writing that a commodity, service or other product has attained a recognized and relatively high grade or level of excellence. (Source: BLD / RHW) kwaliteitsdoel(stelling) English: quality objective English definition: Any goal or target established for a product, service or endeavor that aspires to attain a relatively high grade or level of excellence. (Source: RHW) kwaliteitsnorm English: quality standard kwaliteitsnorm voor woningen English: housing quality standard English definition: A norm or measure applicable in legal cases and considered to reflect a relatively high grade or level of excellence in the construction, maintenance, operation, occupancy, use or appearance of dwelling units. (Source: BLD) kwaliteitswaarborg English: quality assurance kwekerij; plantenkwekerij English: nursery (plant breeding) English definition: Place where plants are grown until they are large enough to be planted in their final positions. (Source: PHC) kwel English: water seepage English definition: The slow movement of water through small openings and spaces in the surface of unsaturated soil into or out of a body of surface or subsurface water. (Source: MGH) kwelwater English: seepage water English definition: Water that moves slowly through small openings of a porous material such as soil or the amount of water that has been involved in seepage. (Source: BJGEO) kwetsbare soort English: vulnerable species (IUCN) English definition: Species which is likely to become endangered unless protective measures are taken. (Source: PHC) kwik English: mercury English definition: A heavy silvery-white toxic liquid metallic element occurring principally in cinnabar: used in thermometers, barometers, mercury-vapour lamps, and dental amalgams. (Source: CED) kwikverontreiniging English: mercury contamination English definition: The presence and release into the air, water and soil of mercury, a naturally occurring heavy metal element, by both natural occurrences such as vaporization and human activities such as burning coal, mining and smelting. (Source: FFD / EEN) laag debiet English: low flow English definition: Phase of lowest level of a water course. (Source: ZINZAN) laagvlakte; vlakte English: plain English definition: An extensive, broad tract of level or rolling, almost treeless land with a shrubby vegetation, usually at a low elevation. (Source: MGH) laagvliegerij English: low-level flight English definition: Flying at low altitude. (Source: RRDA) laboratorium English: laboratory English definition: A room or building with scientific equipment for doing scientific tests or for teaching science, or a place where chemicals or medicines are produced. (Source: CAMB) laboratoriumafval English: laboratory waste English definition: Discarded materials produced by analytical and research activities in a laboratory. (Source: ERG) laboratoriumexperiment English: laboratory experiment English definition: Tests or investigations carried out in a laboratory. (Source: CEDa) laboratoriumonderzoek English: laboratory research English definition: Research carried out in a laboratory for testing chemical substances, growing tissues in cultures, or performing microbiological, biochemical, hematological, microscopical, immunological, parasitological tests, etc. (Source: PHC) laboratoriumprocedure English: laboratory technique laboratoriumproef English: laboratory test English definition: Tests, examinations or evaluations performed in a laboratory. (Source: KOREN) ladingsgewijs proces English: batch process English definition: A process that is not in continuous or mass production; operations are carried out with discrete quantities of material or a limited number of items. (Source: MGH) lagere technologie English: low-level technology English definition: Any relatively unsophisticated technical equipment or method with an amplitude or functionality below what is available in a similar or comparable system. (Source: RHW / APD) lagune English: lagoon English definition: A body of water cut off from the open sea by coral reefs or sand bars. (Source: CED) lak English: lacquer English definition: A material which contains a substantial quantity of a cellulose derivative, most commonly nitrocellulose but sometimes a cellulose ester, such as cellulose acetate or cellulose butyrate, or a cellulose ether such as ethyl cellulose; used to give a glossy finish, especially on brass and other bright metals. (Source: MGH) lak English: varnish English definition: A transparent surface coating which is applied as a liquid and then changes to a hard solid; all varnishes are solutions of resinous materials in a solvent. (Source: MGH) lamp English: lamp English definition: A device that produces light, such as an electric lamp. (Source: MGH) land English: land English definition: A specified geographical tract of the Earth's surface including all its attributes, comprising its geology, superficial deposits, topography, hydrology, soils, flora and fauna, together with the results of past and present human activity, to the extent that these attributes exert a significant influence on the present and future land utilization. (Source: WHIT) land (landschap,aardrijkskunde) English: land (landscape, geography) landbedekking English: land cover English definition: Land cover is the physical state of the land surface. It is the combination of vegetation, soil, rock, water and human-made structures, which make up the earth's landscape. The land cover is the interface between the earth's crust and the atmosphere, influencing the exchange of energy and matter in the climatic system and biogeochemical cycles. (Source: BRS) landbeheer en -inrichting English: land management and planning English definition: Operations for preparing and controlling the implementation of plans for organizing human activities on land. (Source: GOOD) landbeheerinterventiegebied English: land-management intervention area English definition: Any expanse of land which requires a person or agency with authority to interpose or interfere in how it is used or administrated. (Source: RHW) landbehoud English: land conservation English definition: The care, preservation and re-use of solid areas of the earth's surface, especially soil regions valued as a natural resource or utilized as an agricultural resource. (Source: TOE) landbouw English: agriculture English definition: The production of plants and animals useful to man, involving soil cultivation and the breeding and management of crops and livestock. (Source: MGH) landbouw English: agriculture landbouw en milieu English: agricultural ecology landbouw en veehouderij English: agriculture and cattle industry English definition: Large scale growing of crops and livestock grazing for profit. (Source: RRDA) landbouw(huis)dier English: farm animal English definition: Animals reared in farms for working and producing food such as meat, eggs and milk. (Source: CAMB) landbouw, bosbouw, veeteelt, visserij English: agriculture, forestry; animal husbandry; fishery landbouwafval English: agricultural effluent English definition: Any solid, liquid or gas that enters the environment as a by-product of agricultural activities. landbouwafval English: agricultural waste English definition: Unusable materials, liquid or solid, that result from agricultural practices, such as fertilizers, pesticides, crop residue (such as orchard prunings) and cattle manure. (Source: HMD / MHD) landbouwbedrijf English: farm English definition: Any tract of land or building used for agricultural purposes, such as for raising crops and livestock. (Source: RHW) landbouwbeheer English: agricultural management English definition: The administration or handling of soil, crops and livestock. (Source: OED) landbouwbeleid English: agricultural policy English definition: A course of action adopted by government or some other organization that determines how to deal with matters involving the cultivation of land; raising crops; feeding, breeding and raising livestock or poultry; and other farming issues. (Source: RHW) landbouweconomie English: agricultural economics English definition: An applied social science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of agricultural or farming goods and services. (Source: AGP) landbouwexploitatie English: agricultural exploitation landbouwgebouw English: agricultural building English definition: The buildings and adjacent service areas of a farm. (Source: WEBSTE) landbouwgrond English: agricultural land English definition: Land used primarily for the production of plant or animal crops, including arable agriculture, dairying, pasturage, apiaries, horticulture, floriculture, viticulture, animal husbandry and the necessary lands and structures needed for packing, processing, treating, or storing the produce. (Source: DUNSTE) landbouwgrondbezit English: agricultural real estate English definition: Property of agricultural land and anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings, fences, etc. (Source: WESTS) landbouwhydraulica English: agricultural hydraulics English definition: Science and technology involved in the management of water resources, in the control of erosion and in the removal of unwanted water. (Source: ECHO2) landbouwkunde English: agronomy English definition: The principles and procedures of soil management and of field crop and special-purpose plant improvement, management, and production. (Source: MGH) landbouwkundig kaderplan English: agriculture framework plan English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the management of soil, crops and livestock. (Source: OED) landbouwkundige onderwaardering English: agricultural undervaluation English definition: The underrating or diminishing in value of agricultural or farming goods and services. (Source: RHW) landbouwlandschap English: agricultural landscape landbouwmachine English: agricultural machinery English definition: Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation and harvesting of crops. Despite its benefits in increasing yields, mechanisation has clearly had some adverse environmental effects: deep ploughing exposes more soil to wind and water erosion; crop residues can be removed as opposed to ploughing back into the soil; removal of residues can lead to a serious loss of organic content in the soil, which may increase the risk of soil erosion. (Source: MGH / DOBRIS) landbouwmethode English: agricultural method English definition: Practices and techniques employed in agriculture to improve yields and productivity. Over the last few decades they have undergone big changes: tilling, sowing and harvesting have become increasingly mechanised, and the methods of applying fertilisers and pesticides have become more sophisticated. Many changes within the agricultural system can be summed up by 'intensification'. The result and aim of intensification has been to achieve increases in production, yields and labour productivity in agriculture. (Source: DOBRIS) landbouwonderneming English: agricultural holding English definition: As defined by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, an agricultural holding is simply a basic unit for agricultural production. (Source: GOOD) landbouwongedierte English: agricultural pest English definition: Insects and mites that damage crops, weeds that compete with field crops for nutrients and water, plants that choke irrigation channels or drainage systems, rodents that eat young plants and grain, and birds that eat seedlings or stored foodstuffs. (Source: WRIGHT) landbouwopslag English: agricultural storage English definition: Any deposit or holdings of farm products, fertilizers, grains, feed and other related supplies in facilities or containers, often to prevent contamination or for times when production cannot meet demand. (Source: AGP) landbouwplanning English: agricultural planning English definition: The development of plans and measures to achieve greater and more efficient output from agriculture; a sound agricultural policy should be able to reconcile three basic needs: the production of food and agricultural products, the protection of the environment and the maintenance of the socio-economic structure of rural areas. (Source: DOBRISa) landbouwprijs English: farm price English definition: The amount of money or monetary rate at which agricultural goods and services can be bought or sold. (Source: RHW) landbouwproduct English: agricultural product English definition: The output of the cultivation of the soil. (Source: RRDA) landbouwproductie English: agricultural production landbouwproductiemiddelen English: means of agricultural production landbouwramp English: agricultural disaster English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment either affecting or caused by land cultivation or the raising of crops or livestock. (Source: ISEP / APD) landbouwstructuur English: agricultural structure English definition: The buildings, machinery, facilities, related to agricultural production. (Source: RRDA) landbouwsysteem English: agrosystem English definition: Ecosystem dominated by the continuous agricultural intervention of man. (Source: ECHO1) landbouwtechniek English: agricultural engineering English definition: A discipline concerned with developing and improving the means for providing food and fiber for mankind's needs. (Source: MGH) landbouwtechniek English: farming technique English definition: The business, art, or skill of agriculture. (Source: CED) landbouwtoerisme English: agritourism English definition: Holidays organized in a farm: meals are prepared with natural products and guests are entertained with handicraft, sporting and agricultural activities. (Source: DIFID) landbouwuitrusting English: agricultural equipment English definition: Machines utilized for tillage, planting, cultivation, and harvesting of crops. (Source: MGH) landbouwvervuiling English: agricultural pollution English definition: The liquid or solid wastes from farming, including: runoff from pesticides, fertilizers, and feedlots; erosion and dust from plowing; animal manure and carcasses, crop residues, and debris. (Source: LANDY) landbouwwaarde English: agronomic value English definition: The monetary or material worth at which buyers and sellers agree to do business for agricultural goods and services. (Source: AGP / RHW) landbouwwater English: water for agricultural use English definition: Water used in agriculture for irrigation and livestock. Livestock watering is only 1 percent of the total water withdrawal for agricultural use. Of all functional water uses, irrigation is the largest agricultural use of water. (Source: CORBIT) landbouwwetgeving English: agricultural legislation English definition: Agricultural law is a blend of traditional fields of law including the law of contracts, bailments, torts, criminal, environmental, property, nuisance, wills and estates, and tax law. As such, it is a gathering of statutory and common law. (Source: FREEAD) landecologie English: land ecology English definition: Study of the relationship between terrestrial organisms and their environment. (Source: PHC) landgebruik English: land occupation English definition: The use, settlement or possession of solid areas of the earth's surface. (Source: RHW) landherstel English: land restoration English definition: The treatment of any unusable land usually by filling with refuse or levelling until the land can be brought into productive use. (Source: ALL) landherstel in bergstreken English: land restoration in mountain areas English definition: Measures adopted to control erosion and degradation phenomena in the mountain regions caused by the loss of forest cover due to acid rain, uncontrolled forest cutting, winter skiing resorts construction, etc. (Source: DIZAMBa) landinrichting English: land development English definition: Planning of infrastructures, services and industrial settlements in order to promote the socio-economic growth of certain land area. (Source: DIFIDa) landinrichting English: land planning English definition: The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future use of solid areas of the earth's surface, especially regions valued for natural resources, utilized as agricultural resources or considered for human settlement. (Source: RHW) landinrichting English: land setup English definition: The formulation of regional objectives, plans and programmes and the harmonization of the regional effects of sectorial planning. (Source: ECHO2) landomgeving English: terrestrial environment English definition: The continental as distinct from the marine and atmospheric environments. It is the environment in which terrestrial organisms live. (Source: WHIT) landschap English: landscape English definition: The traits, patterns, and structure of a specific geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment, and its anthropogenic or social patterns. An area where interacting ecosystems are grouped and repeated in similar form. (Source: EPAGLO) landschap na mijnbouw English: landscape after mining English definition: The process of mining disfigures the surface of the land, and in the absence of reclamation leads to permanent scars. The process spoils the vital topsoil, disrupts drainage patterns, destroys the productive capacity of agricultural and forest land and impairs their aesthetic and social value. (Source: WPRa) landschapsarchitectuur English: landscape architecture English definition: The creation, development, and decorative planting of gardens, grounds, parks, and other outdoor spaces. Landscape gardening is used to enhance nature helping to create a natural setting for individual residences and buildings, and even towns, particularly where special approaches and central settings are required. (Source: GILP96) landschapsbeheer English: landscape management English definition: Measures aiming at preserving landscape or controlling its transformations caused by anthropic activities or natural events. (Source: DIFID) landschapsbehoud English: landscape conservation English definition: The safeguarding, for public enjoyment, of landscape and of opportunities for outdoor recreation, tourism and similar activities; the concept includes the preservation and enhancement not only of what has been inherited but the provision of new amenities and facilities. (Source: GILP96) landschapsbehoudbeleid English: landscape conservation policy landschapsbescherming English: landscape protection English definition: Elaboration and implementation of strategies and measures for the conservation, preservation, suitable use, and renewal of natural resources and nature or man-made components of landscape, in particular wildlife and natural systems of various standing. (Source: MOSGOV) landschapsecologie English: landscape ecology English definition: The study of landscapes taking account of the ecology of their biological populations. The subjects thus embraces geomorphology and ecology and is applied to the design and architecture of landscapes. (Source: ALL2) landschapselement English: landscape component English definition: In visual assessment work, landscapes can be divided into four major elements. a) Form is the perceived mass or shape of an object that appears unified, and which provides a consciousness of its distinction and relation of a whole to the component parts. b) Line is the real or imagined path, border, boundary, or intersection of two planes, such as a silhouette, that the eye follows when perceiving abrupt differences in form, colour or texture. c) Colour is a visual perception that enables the eye to differenciate otherwise identical objects based on the wavelengths of reflected light. d) Texture is the visual feel of a landscape. (Source: DUNSTE) landschapsgebruik English: landscape utilisation English definition: Using landscape or parts of it for tourism, sports, or agriculture. (Source: RRDA) landschapsherkenning English: scene identification English definition: A numeric string which uniquely identifies an image component of a geographical information system database. (Source: MTE) landschapsherstel English: recovery of landscape English definition: Reclamation measures taken to restore the environmental quality level of a landscape to its predisturbed condition. (Source: AQDa) landschapsherstel van voormalige mijnbouwgebieden English: mining site restoration English definition: Mining is an intensive type of land use with potential for environmental impact over a limited area. When closure occurs, it should address both environmental and safety aspects. Mine reclamation is an ongoing program designed to restore to an acceptable state the physical, chemical and biological quality or potential of air, land and water regimes disturbed by mining. The objective of mine reclamation is to prevent or minimize adverse long-term environmental impacts, and create a self-sustaining ecosystem as near as practicable to what existed before the mining activity. (Source: NRCAN) landschapsplanning English: landscape planning English definition: The aspect of the land use planning process that deals with physical, biological, aesthetic, cultural, and historical values and with the relationships and planning between these values, land uses, and the environment. (Source: UNUN) landschapsverandering English: landscape alteration English definition: Landscapes might change through time as a result of human activities or natural processes such as fires or natural disasters. Changes in landscape structure can be documented by using data from aerial photographs or satellite images, and new technologies, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems. (Source: PARCOR) landschapsverbruik English: landscape consumption English definition: Using parts of landscape in a way that heavily modifies its features. (Source: RRDA) landsgrens English: national boundary English definition: The line demarcating recognized limits of established political units. (Source: GOOD) landsverdediging(defensie) en milieu English: military aspects landtong English: headland (geography) English definition: A cape or promontory jutting seawards from a coastline, usually with a significant sea cliff. (Source: WHIT) landvervuiling English: land pollution English definition: The presence of one or more contaminants upon or within an area of land, or its constituents. (Source: Landy) landvorming English: land forming landzoogdier English: land mammal langeafstandsverkeer English: long-distance traffic English definition: Traffic moving over extended areas, great distances and usually not subject to frequent stops. langeafstandsvervoer English: long-distance transport English definition: The conveyance of materials or commodities over land, water or through air in which a great distance is covered. (Source: RHW) langetermijneffect English: long-term effect English definition: Effects which will last long after the cause has ceased. (Source: RRDA) langetermijneffect van vervuilende stoffen English: long-term effect of pollutants langetermijnexperiment English: long-term experiment English definition: 1) Experiment lasting for a relatively long period of time.2) Experiment whose results become effective after a long period of time. (Source: SHOOXa) langetermijntrend English: long-term trend English definition: The prevailing tendency or general direction expected for some observed value over a lengthy and extended period of time, often determined by studying and analyzing statistical data. (Source: RHW / APD) laser English: laser English definition: Acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation; a device that produces a powerful, highly directional, monochromatic, coherent beam of light. Laser consist of a transparent cylinder with a reflecting surface at one end and a partially reflecting surface at the other. Light waves are reflected back and forth, some of them emerging at the partially reflecting end. The light source may be a ruby, whose chromium atoms are excited by a flash lamp so that they emit pulses of highly coherent light, or a mixture of inert gases that produce a continuos beam, or a cube of treated gallium arsenide which emits infrared radiation when an electric current passes through it. (Source: ALL) lassen English: welding English definition: Joining two metals by applying heat to melt and fuse them, with or without filler metal. (Source: MGH) lawaaibeperking English: noise reduction English definition: The reduction in the sound pressure level of a noise, or the attenuation of unwanted sound by any means. (Source: CONFER) lawaaihinder door bouwactiviteiten English: construction noise English definition: Noise resulting from construction activities such as site preparation, site clearance, demolition of existing buildings, piling, concreting, erection of structures, etc. lawine English: avalanche English definition: A fall or slide of a large mass, as of snow or rock, down a mountainside. (Source: AMHER) leder English: leather English definition: The dressed or tanned hide of an animal, usually with the hair removed. (Source: AMHER) lederindustrie English: leather industry English definition: Industry for the production of leather goods such as garments, bags, etc. (Source: CEDa) leefbaarheid English: quality of life English definition: Quality of life is largely a matter of individual preference and perception and overlaps the concept of social well-being. Generally the emphasis is on the amount and distribution of impure public goods, such as health care and well-fare services, protection against crime, regulation of pollution, preservation of fine landscapes and hystoric townscapes. (Source: GOOD) leefmilieu English: environment (natural environment, anthropic environment) leefnorm English: living standard English definition: A measurement of the development level in a country or community, gauged by factors such as personal income, education, life expectancy, food consumption, health care, technology and the use of natural resources. (Source: TEX) leefomgeving English: living environment English definition: External conditions or surroundings in which people live or work. (Source: CED) leefomgeving van in het wild levende planten en dieren English: wildlife habitat English definition: Suitable upland or wetland areas promoting survival of wildlife. (Source: LANDY) leefruimte English: living space English definition: Any room, structure or area used as a residence and associated with subsistence activities, including sleeping, relaxing or eating. (Source: RHW) leeftijd English: age English definition: The period of time that a person, animal or plant has lived or is expected to live. (Source: CED) leefwijze English: lifestyle English definition: The particular attitudes, habits or behaviour associated with an individual or group. (Source: CED) leegruimen van land English: land clearing English definition: Removal of trees, undergrowth, etc. in preparation for ploughing, building, etc. (Source: PHC) leer [wet] English: doctrine (law) English definition: A rule, principle, theory, or tenet of the law, as the doctrine of merger, the doctrine of relation, etc. (Source: WESTS) leer van het bloed English: haematology English definition: The branch of medical science concerned with diseases of the blood. (Source: CED) leerplan English: curriculum English definition: The aggregate of courses of study provided in a particular school, college, university, adult education program, technical institution or some other educational program. (Source: RHW) legering English: alloy English definition: Any of a large number of substances having metallic properties and consisting of two or more elements; with few exceptions, the components are usually metallic elements. (Source: MGH) legger van het kadaster English: land register English definition: A register or survey of land, containing information on the surface of properties, tenants' names, commencing with the earliest owners through successive ownership and partitions, and such like. (Source: CED / WESTS / HARRIS) leiding; pijpleiding English: pipeline English definition: A line of pipe connected to valves and other control devices, for conducting fluids, gases, or finely divided solids. (Source: MGH) lek English: leakage English definition: The accidental, uncontrolled discharge or seepage of liquids, gases and other substances to unintended and unwanted locations, frequently causing risks of damage or harm to persons, property or the environment. (Source: WWC) lengtegraad (geografisch) English: longitude English definition: Distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian at 0deg measured by the angle between the plane of the prime meridian and that of the meridian through the point in question, or by the corresponding time difference. (Source: CED) letsel English: injury English definition: A stress upon an organism that disrupts the structure or function and results in a pathological process. (Source: KOREN) letterkunde English: literature English definition: Written material such as poetry, novels, essays, especially works of imagination characterized by excellence of style and expression and by themes of general or enduring interest. (Source: CED) letterkundig gegevensbestand English: literature data bank English definition: A fund of information on a particular subject or group of related subjects, divided into discrete documents and usually stored in and used with a computer system. (Source: RHW) letterkundig onderzoek English: literature study English definition: The identification, description, analysis and classification of books and other materials used or consulted in the preparation of a work. (Source: WEBSTE) letterkundige evaluatie English: literature evaluation English definition: The action of evaluating or judging the quality or character of written materials such as poetry, essays, novels, biographies and historical writings. (Source: RHW) leukemie English: leukaemia English definition: A progressive, malignant disease of the blood forming organs; a distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. (Source: KOREN) levende toestand English: living condition English definition: An element or characteristic of a habitation considered in light of its ability to sustain and promote the health and general well-being of occupants. (Source: RHW) levenscyclus English: life cycle English definition: The phases, changes, or stages through which an organism passes throughout its lifetime. (Source: UNUN) levenscyclus van een product English: product life cycle English definition: A product life cycle includes the following phases: acquisition of raw materials, production, packaging, distribution, use, recyling, and disposal. (Source: HELIOSa) levenscyclus van materialen English: material life cycle English definition: All the stages involved in the manufacturing, distribution and retail, use and re-use and maintenance, recycling and waste management of materials. (Source: PORT) levenswetenschappen English: life science English definition: A science based on living organisms collectively. (Source: CED) libellen English: dragonfly English definition: Any of the insects composing six families of the suborder Anisoptera and having four large, membranous wings and compound eyes that provide keen vision. (Source: MGH) libellen English: odonate lichamelijk gehandicapte English: disabled person English definition: Person lacking one or more physical power, such as the ability to walk or to coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or accident, or through mental impairment. (Source: CED) lichamelijke behandeling English: physical treatment English definition: Processes that separate components of a waste stream or change the physical form of the waste without altering the chemical structure of the constituent materials. Physical treatment techniques are often used to separate the materials within the waste stream so that they can be reused or detoxified by chemical or biological treatment or destroyed by high-temperature incineration. (Source: PARCOR) lichamelijke toestand English: physical conditions lichamelijke verandering English: physical alteration English definition: Any change in a body or substance that does not involve an alteration in its chemical composition. (Source: UVAROV) licht English: light English definition: Electromagnetic radiation that is capable of causing a visual sensation. (Source: CED) lijkbezorging English: disposal of the dead lijm English: glue English definition: A crude, impure, amber-colored form of commercial gelatin of unknown detailed composition produced by the hydrolysis of animal collagen; gelatinizes in aqueous solutions and dries to form a strong, adhesive layer. (Source: MGH) lijn English: line English definition: Term used in GIS technologies in the vector type of internal data organization: spatial data are divided into point, line and polygon types. In most cases, point entities (nodes) are specified directly as coordinate pairs, with lines (arcs or edges) represented as chains of points. Regions are similarly defined in terms of the lines which form their boundaries. Some vector GIS store information in the form of points, line segments and point pairs; others maintain closed lists of points defining polygon regions. Vector structures are especially suited to storing definitions of spatial objects for which sharp boundaries exist or can be imposed. (Source: YOUNG) lijnbron English: line source English definition: Line source means a one-dimensional source. An example of a line source is the particular emissions from a dirt road. (Source: LEE) limnologie English: limnology English definition: The study of bodies of fresh water with reference to their plant and animal life, physical properties, geographical features, etc. (Source: CED) lineaire geluidsbron English: linear source of sound English definition: Point noise sources placed one after the other one as, for instance, in a row of cars moving on a road. (Source: VALAMB) lipide English: lipid English definition: One of a class of compounds which contain long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, such as fatty acids, alcohols, amines, amino alcohols, and aldehydes; includes waxes, fats, and derived compounds. (Source: MGH) lipofiele stof English: lipophilic substance English definition: Substances having an affinity for lipids. (Source: CED) lithosfeer English: lithosphere English definition: The solid portion of the Earth, as compared with the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. (Source: BJGEO) lithosfeer (bodem,aardkost,geologische processen) English: lithosphere (soil, geological processes) litoraal English: littoral English definition: The intertidal zone of the seashore. (Source: LBC) locatie dat behoort tot het wereldnatuurbezit English: world heritage site English definition: Sites of great cultural significance and geographic areas of outstanding universal value. They include the Pyramids of Egypt, the Grand Canyon of United States, the Taj Mahal of India, the Great Wall of China, etc. (Source: GILP96) locomotief English: locomotive English definition: A self -propelled engine driven by steam, electricity or diesel power and used for drawing trains along railway tracks. (Source: CED) lomp English: rag English definition: Discarded textile waste, either post-consumer waste or pre-consumer waste, such as manufacturing process scraps. (Source: ISEP) longziekte English: pulmonary disease English definition: Any disease pertaining to the lungs. (Source: DELFIN) lood English: lead English definition: A heavy toxic bluish-white metallic element that is highly malleable; occurs principally as galena and is used in alloys, accumulators, cable sheaths, paints, and as a radiation shield. (Source: CED) loodgehalte in het bloed English: lead level in blood English definition: A measure of the amount of lead or lead salts absorbed by the body as a possible sign of acute or chronic lead poisoning, which can affect the nervous, digestive or muscular systems. (Source: SMD / MED) loodsdienst English: pilotage English definition: The service provided by a pilot, one who controls the movements of a ship or aircraft by visual or electronic means. (Source: RHW) loodverbinding English: lead compound English definition: Lead compounds are present as gasoline additives, in paint, ceramic products, roofing, caulking, electrical applications, tubes, or containers. Lead exposure may be due to air, water, food, or soil. Lead in the air is primarily due to lead-based fuels and the combustion of solid waste, coal, oils, and emissions from alkyl lead manufacturers, wind blown dust volcanoes, the burning of lead-painted surfaces, and cigarette smoke. Lead in drinking water comes from leaching from lead pipes, connectors, and solder in both the distribution system and household plumbing. (Source: KOREN) loodverontreiniging English: lead contamination English definition: The presence and release into the air, water and soil, of lead, a toxic metal used in plumbing, gasoline and lead-acid batteries. (Source: FFD / EEN) loodvrije benzine English: unleaded petrol English definition: Petrol with a low octane rating, which has no lead additives in it and therefore creates less lead pollution in the atmosphere. (Source: PHC) loofboom English: deciduous tree English definition: Tree losing its leaves in autumn and growing new ones in the spring. (Source: CAMB) loofboom English: broad-leaved tree English definition: Deciduous tree which has wide leaves, as opposed to the needles on conifers. (Source: PHC) loofbos English: deciduous forest English definition: The temperate forests comprised of trees that seasonally shed their leaves, located in the east of the USA, in Western Europe from the Alps to Scandinavia, and in the eastern Asia. The hardwood of these forests have been exploited since the 16th century. The trees of deciduous forests usually produce nuts and winged seeds. (Source: WRIGHT) loofverliezend bos English: deciduous wood looistof English: tannin English definition: One of a group of complex organic chemicals commonly found in leaves, unripe fruits, and the bark of trees. Their function is uncertain though the unpleasant taste may discourage grazing animals. Some tannins have commercial uses, notably in the production of leather and ink; used in tanning, as a mordant in dyeing, and in ink manufacture. (Source: DICCHE / UVAROV) loonbeleid English: pay policy English definition: A course of action or procedure regarding compensation or recompensation for work done or services rendered. (Source: RHW) loonstelsel English: wage system English definition: System which compensates the employees with a fixed sum per piece, hour, day or another period of time, covering all compensations including salary. lossen van hout English: wood hauling English definition: The process of removing forest produce, particularly timber, fuelwood and bamboos, from its place of growth to some permanent or major delivery point, either for further transport or further manufacture, i.e. secondary conversion, or both. (Source: ECHO2) lozing van scheepsafval English: ship waste disposal English definition: Discharging of ship waste into the sea. lozingsregime English: discharge regime English definition: The rate of flow of a river at a particular moment in time, related to its volume and its velocity. (Source: WHIT) lozingswetgeving English: discharge legislation lucht English: air English definition: A predominantly mechanical mixture of a variety of individual gases forming the earth's enveloping atmosphere. (Source: MGH) lucht English: air luchtbeweging English: air movement English definition: Air movements within the Earth's atmospheric circulation; also called planetary winds. Two main components are recognized: first, the latitudinal meridional component due to the Coriolis force (a deflecting motion or force discussed by G.G. de Coriolis in 1835. The rotation of the Earth causes a body moving across its surface to be deflected to the right in the N hemisphere and to the left in the S hemisphere); and secondly, the longitudinal component and the vertical movement, resulting largely from varying pressure distributions due to differential heating and cooling of the Earth's surface. (Source: WHIT) luchtfoto English: aerial photograph English definition: An image of the ground surface made on a light-sensitive material and taken at a high altitude from an aircraft, spacecraft or rocket. (Source: MHD) luchtfotografie English: aerial photography luchtkwaliteit English: air quality English definition: The degree to which air is polluted; the type and maximum concentration of man-produced pollutants that should be permitted in the atmosphere. (Source: ALL / WRIGHT) luchtkwaliteitsbeheer English: air quality management English definition: Regulate and plan and work toward the accomplishment of completion of stated goals, objectives and mission pertaining to air quality. (Source: PORT) luchtkwaliteitscontrole English: air quality control English definition: The measurement of ambient air-pollution concentrations in order to determine whether there is a problem in a given region. (Source: CONFERa) luchtruimtelijke planning English: airspace planning English definition: The activity of organizing or preparing for transportation through the atmosphere above earth's surface. (Source: RHW) luchtstromingen English: atmospheric circulation English definition: The general movement and circulation of air, which transfers energy between different levels of the atmosphere. The mechanisms of circulation are very complicated. They involve the transfer of energy between the oceans and the atmosphere, the land and the atmosphere, as well as the different levels of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) luchttemperatuur English: air temperature English definition: The temperature of the atmosphere which represents the average kinetic energy of the molecular motion in a small region and is defined in terms of a standard or calibrated thermometer in thermal equilibrium with the air. (Source: MGH) luchtvaartwetgeving English: aviation law English definition: International rules regulating air transportation. (Source: NDGIUR) luchtveiligheid English: air safety English definition: Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by either moving vehicles or projectiles above the earth's surface or pollutants to the earth's atmosphere. (Source: AHB / TOE) luchtverdichter English: compressor English definition: A mechanical device a) to provide the desired pressure for chemical and physical reactions, b) to control boiling points of fluids, as in gas separation, refrigeration, and evaporation, c) to evacuate enclosed volumes, d) to transport gases or vapors, e) to store compressible fluids as gases or liquids under pressure and assist in recovering them from storage or tank cars, and f) to convert mechanical energy to fluid energy for operating instruments, air agitation, fluidization, solid transport, blowcases, air tools, and motors. (Source: LEE) luchtverkeer English: air traffic English definition: Aircraft moving in flight or on airport runways. luchtverkeersregelgeving English: air traffic regulation luchtverkeerswetgeving English: air traffic law English definition: International rules and conventions relating to air transportation. (Source: DEFRA) luchtverontreiniger English: air pollutant English definition: Any pollutant agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive substance or matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the ambient air and can, in high enough concentrations, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. (Source: LEE / TOE) luchtverontreiniging English: air pollution English definition: Presence in the atmosphere of large quantities of gases, solids and radiation produced by the burning of natural and artificial fuels, chemical and other industrial processes and nuclear explosions. (Source: GUNN) luchtverversing English: air conditioning English definition: A system or process for controlling the temperature and sometimes the humidity and purity of the air in a house, etc. (Source: CED) luchtverversing English: ventilation English definition: The process of supplying or removing air, by natural or mechanical means, to or from any space; such air may or may not have been conditioned. (Source: HARRIS) luchtvervoer English: air transportation English definition: The use of aircraft, predominantly airplanes, to move passengers and cargo. (Source: MGH) luchtvervuiling English: atmospheric pollution English definition: The presence in the air of one or more contaminants in such a concentration and of such duration as to cause a nuisance or to be injurious to human life, animal life or vegetation. (Source: LANDY) luchtvervuiling binnenshuis English: indoor air pollution English definition: Chemical, physical or biological contaminants in the air inside buildings and other enclosed spaces occupied by humans. This pollution can arise from tobacco smoke, pesticides, cleaning agents, gases released from building materials, rugs, household products, etc. (Source: EED / ISEP) lucht-water wisselwerking English: air-water interaction English definition: The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind. (Source: WATER / CEIS) lymfatisch systeem English: lymphatic system English definition: A system of vessels and nodes conveying lymph in the vertebrate body, beginning with capillaries in tissue spaces and eventually forming the thoracic ducts which empty in the subclavian veins. (Source: MGH) lysimetrie English: lysimetry English definition: The measurement of the water percolating through soils and the determination of the materials dissolved by the water. (Source: MGH) maaien English: mowing English definition: The cutting down of grass, crops or grain with a scythe or a mechanical device. (Source: AMHERa / CEDa) maalrest English: residue of grinding English definition: Dust or other residue left after reducing a material to very small particles. (Source: MHD) maatregel ter bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution control measure English definition: Procedure or course of action taken to curb or reduce human-made or human-alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of air, water and other media. (Source: RHW / TOE) maatregelen English: measure English definition: The extent, quantity, amount, or degree of something as determined by measurement or calculation. (Source: CED) machinefabriek English: engineering work machine-industrie English: machine manufacture English definition: The making or production of mechanical apparatuses used for commercial or industrial purposes, such as engines and turbines, elevators and conveying equipment, computers and office equipment, and hoists, cranes and industrial trucks. (Source: RHW / SIC) machines English: machinery English definition: A group of parts or machines arranged to perform a useful function. (Source: MGH) machinetrilling English: mechanical vibration English definition: A motion, usually unintentional and often undesirable, of parts of machines and structures. (Source: MGH) machtiging English: authorisation English definition: An official certification of competence or a transfer of the right and power to act, including permission from government to use state funds for a particular program or project. (Source: BLD / RHW) macro-economie English: macroeconomics English definition: Modern economic analysis that is concerned with data inaggregate as opposed to individual form such as national income, consumption and investment. (Source: GREENW / CED) macro-economische doelstelling English: macroeconomic goal English definition: An aim or objective pertaining to the production, distribution and use of income, wealth and commodities in a country, region or other large area, typically concerned with governmental fiscal and monetary policy as it affects employment, consumption, investment and growth levels. (Source: ODE) macrofyt English: macrophyte English definition: A large macroscopic plant, used especially of aquatic forms such as kelp (variety of large brown seaweed which is a source of iodine and potash). (Source: LBC / PHC) magneetband English: magnetic tape English definition: A plastic, paper, or metal tape that is coated or impregnated with magnetizable iron oxide particles, used in magnetic recording. (Source: MGH) magnetisme English: magnetism English definition: A class of physical phenomena associated with moving electricity, including the mutual mechanical forces among magnets and electric currents. (Source: BJGEO) malaria English: malaria English definition: A group of human febrile diseases with a chronic relapsing course caused by hemosporidian blood parasites of the genus Plasmodium, transmitted by the bite of Anopheles mosquito. (Source: MGH) malen; vermalen English: grinding English definition: To reduce to powder or small fragments. (Source: LEE) mandaat English: mandate English definition: A command or authorization to act in a particular way given by an administrator to a subordinate, a court to a lower court or an electorate to its representative. (Source: RHW) mankracht English: manpower English definition: 1) The power generated by a man working.2) The number of people available for work, service, etc. man-vrouw vraagstukken English: gender issue English definition: A point, matter or dispute concerning the capabilities, societal roles or other differences and divisions between women and men, especially the relative weight of biological and physical difference versus culture and socialization as a cause of those distinctions. (Source: ISEP / RHW) marien organisme English: marine organism English definition: Organisms which live in sea water. (Source: PHC) marien park English: marine park English definition: A permanent reservation on the seabed for the conservation of species. (Source: ALL) marien reservaat English: marine reserve English definition: Sea area where marine wildlife is protected. (Source: PHC) marien zoogdier English: marine mammal English definition: Mammals which have adapted to live in the sea, such as whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc. (Source: CED) mariene biologie English: marine biology English definition: A branch of biology that deals with those living organisms which inhabit the sea. (Source: MGH) mariene ecologie English: marine ecology English definition: An integrative science that studies the basic structural and functional relationships within and among living populations and their physical-chemical environments in marine ecosystems. Marine ecology focuses on specific organisms as well as on particular environments or physical settings. (Source: PARCOR) mariene ecosysteem English: marine ecosystem English definition: Any marine environment, from pond to ocean, in which plants and animals interact with the chemical and physical features of the environment. (Source: GILP96) mariene fauna English: marine fauna English definition: Animals which live in the sea. (Source: PHC) mariene geologie English: marine geology English definition: That aspect of the study of the ocean that deals specifically with the ocean floor and the ocean-continent border, including submarine relief features, the geochemistry and petrology of the sediments and rocks of the ocean bottom and the influence of seawater and waves on the ocean bottom and its materials. (Source: BJGEO) mariene milieu English: marine environment English definition: Marine environments include estuaries, coastal marine and nearshore zones, and open-ocean-deep-sea regions. (Source: PARCOR) marketing English: marketing English definition: A related group of business activities whose purpose is to satisfy the demands for goods and services of consumers, businesses and government. The marketing process includes estimating the demand, producing the product, pricing the product to satisfy profit criteria, and promoting and distributing the product. (Source: GREENW) markt English: market English definition: Place of commercial activity in which articles are bought and sold. Also purchase and sale. In a limited sense market is the range of bid and asked prices reported by brokers making the market in over-the-counter securities. Also the demand for any particular article. (Source: WESTS) markt van productiefactoren English: factor market English definition: Significant elements or reasons for an outcome in the buying, selling, and trading of particular goods or services. (Source: OED) markteconomie English: market economy English definition: A mixed economy that relies heavily on markets to answer the three basic questions of allocation, but with a modest amount of government involvement. While it is commonly termed capitalism, market-oriented economy is much more descriptive of how the economy is structured. (Source: AMOS2) marktgewas English: cash crop English definition: Crops that are grown for sale in the town markets or for export. They include coffee, cocoa, sugar, vegetables, peanuts and non-foods, like tobacco and cotton. Huge areas of countries in the developing world have been turned over to cash crops. Those countries with no mineral or oil resources depend on cash crops for foreign money, so that they can import materials do develop roads, for construction, or to buy Western consumer goods and, indeed, food. However, critics argue that cash crops are planted on land that would otherwise be used to grow food for the local community and say this is a cause of world famine. Cash crops, such as peanuts, can ruin the land if it is not left fallow after six years of harvests. Moreover, if the best agricultural land is used for cash crops, local farmers are forced to use marginal land to grow food for local consumption, and this has a further dramatic effect on the environment. (Source: WRIGHT) marktonderzoek English: market research English definition: The systematic gathering, recording, computing, and analysing of data about problems relating to the sale and distribution of goods and services for certain time periods. (Source: GREENW) marktpreparaat English: preparation for market English definition: The containment, protection, handling and presentation of goods for the market. (Source: RRDA) marktprijs English: market price English definition: The price actually given in current market dealings; the actual price at which given stock or commodity is currently sold in the usual and ordinary course of trade and competition between sellers and buyers. (Source: WESTS) marktstudie English: market study English definition: The gathering and studying of data to determine the projection of demand for an item or service. (Source: ISEP / RHW) marktvorm English: market form English definition: The organizational form or structure of the trade or traffic of a particular commodity. (Source: ISEP / RHW) marmer English: marble English definition: Metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized calcite or dolomite. (Source: MGH) Marpol overeenkomst English: Marpol agreement English definition: International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1973). The first important IMO agreement on controlling pollution from ships, which deals not only with pollution by oil but also chemical, garbage and sewage. (Source: WRIGHT) marterachtigen English: mustelid English definition: A large, diverse family of low-slung, long-bodied carnivorous mammals including minks, weasels, and badgers; distinguished by having only one molar in each upper jaw, and two at the most in the lower jaw. (Source: MGH) massamedia English: mass media English definition: The means of communication that reach large numbers of people, such as television, newspapers, magazines and radio. (Source: CED) massavrijetijdsbesteding English: mass recreation English definition: A pastime, diversion, exercise or other means of enjoyment and relaxation that is shared with or performed by a large number of people. (Source: RHW) mate waarin iets hergebruikt kan worden English: recycling potential materiaal voor de wegenbouw English: road construction material English definition: The aggregation of components used for building streets, highways and other routes, such as asphalt, concrete, brick, sand and gravel. (Source: ROA) materiaaleigenschappen English: properties of materials English definition: The physical and chemical characteristics of the substances or parts of which a thing or object is made. (Source: RHW) materiaalkennis English: materials science English definition: The study of the nature, behaviour, and use of materials applied to science and technology. (Source: MGH) materiaalsterkte English: strength of materials materiaaltechnologie English: materials technology English definition: Any technical means or equipment used for the production and optimization of material goods that consist of any of a diverse range of properties, either alone or in combination, such as glass, metal, plastics and ceramics. (Source: APD) materialen English: material English definition: The substance of which a product is made or composed. (Source: CED) materialen English: materials materieel evenwicht English: balance of materials mechanisch materiaal English: mechanical equipment English definition: Machines and tools employed in manual and mechanical labour. (Source: AMHERa) mededeling van risicogegevens English: risk communication English definition: The exchange of information about health or environmental risks among risk assessors andmanagers, the general public, news media, interest groups, etc. (Source: OPPTIN) mededingingsregeling English: restrictive trade practice English definition: Business operation or action that confines or limits the free exchange of goods and services within a country or between countries, which may include discrimination, exclusive dealings, collusion agreements or price fixing. (Source: RHW / ODE) medeschuldenaar English: joint debtor English definition: Persons united in a joint liability or indebtedness. Two or more persons jointly liable for the same debt. (Source: WESTS) medische wetenschappen English: medical science English definition: The science and art of treating and healing. (Source: MGH) medium English: medium English definition: The substance or material that acts as a carrier for some compound or chemical, such as food, soil, air and water; or the physical form or container of data, which includes paper, film, disk, magnetic tape and other materials on which information can be recorded. (Source: FFD / RMT) meer English: lake English definition: An enclosed body of water, usually but not necessarily fresh water, from which the sea is excluded. (Source: WHIT) meerbekken English: lake basin English definition: 1) The depression in the Earth's surface occupied or formerly occupied by a lake and containing its shore features. 2) The area from which a lake receives drainage. (Source: BJGEO) meervervuiling English: lake pollution English definition: The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of lake water, or a lake ecosystem. (Source: Landy) meetinstrument English: measuring instrument meetmethode English: measuring method meetnet(werk) English: monitoring network English definition: Interconnected group of monitoring stations for the surveillance of pollution. (Source: RRDA) meetprogramma English: measuring programme meetstation English: monitoring station English definition: Station where the presence, effect, or level of any polluting substance in air or water, noise and blasting, radiation, transport movements, land subsidence, or change in the character of vegetation are measured quantitatively or qualitatively. (Source: GILP96) meetsysteem English: monitoring system English definition: A coordinated body of sensory and communications devices that observes, detects or records the outputs or operations of any natural or artificial system in order to construct a history or future of events. (Source: APD / RHW) meettechniek English: monitoring technique English definition: Techniques employed in the process of checking, observing and measuring events, processes or physical, chemical, biological and environmental phenomena. (Source: ZINZANa / DUNSTEa) melk English: milk English definition: The whitish fluid secreted by the mammary gland for the nourishment of the young; composed of carbohydrates, proteins, fats. mineral salts, vitamins, and antibodies. (Source: MGH) melkveehouderij English: dairy farm English definition: A commercial establishment for processing or selling milk and milk products. (Source: AMHER) mengbaarheid English: miscibility English definition: The tendency or capacity of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend, that is, to dissolve in each other; degrees are total miscibility, partial miscibility, and immiscibility. (Source: MGH) mengen; vermengen English: mixing English definition: The intermingling of different materials to produce a homogeneous mixture. (Source: MGH) mengmest English: semi-liquid manure mening English: opinion English definition: Judgement or belief not founded on certainty or proof. (Source: CED) mens English: man (society) English definition: A member of the human race. (Source: MGH) menselijk habitat English: human habitat English definition: Any of the conditions in which people live. Also all human settlements in villages, towns or major cities, which require environmental management to provide water, public spaces, remove public wastes, etc. (Source: WRIGHT) menselijk lichaam English: human body English definition: The entire physical structure of an human being. (Source: CED) menselijke activiteiten&producten, milieu-effecten English: human activities and products, effects on the environment menselijke biologie English: human biology English definition: The study of human life and character. (Source: ZINZAN) menselijke blootstelling aan vervuilende stoffen English: human exposure to pollutants menselijke gezondheid English: human health English definition: The avoidance of disease and injury and the promotion of normalcy through efficient use of the environment, a properly functioning society, and an inner sense of well-being. (Source: KOREN) menselijke gezondheid English: human health menselijke leefomgeving English: anthroposphere (built environment, human settlements, land setup) menselijke verrichtingsleer English: human physiology English definition: A branch of biological sciences that studies the functions of organs and tissues in human beings. (Source: OMD / WOR) menselijke ziekte English: human disease English definition: An interruption, cessation or disorder of human bodily functions, systems or organs resulting from genetic or developmental errors, infection, nutritional deficiency, toxicity, illness or unfavorable environmental factors. (Source: SMD / ISEP) menselijke ziektenleer English: human pathology English definition: Branch of medicine concerned with the cause, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease. (Source: CED) mens-en-de-biosfeerprogramma English: MAB Programme English definition: An UNESCO project started in the 1970s. It was launched to further long-term conservation of the Earth's ecosystems, based on sound scientific foundations. MAB results have increased scientific understanding of ecosystems and their inter-relationships. The detailed research opened up new avenues for tropical ecosystems in particular. New species were discovered, and many forest plant species were seen to have potential medicinal benefits. By the 1980' about 25% of Western medicines contained at least one ingredient supplied by the tropical rainforests. (Source: WRIGHT) mensenrechten English: human rights English definition: The rights of individuals to liberty, justice, etc. (Source: CED) menswetenschappen English: human science English definition: Group of sciences including sociology, anthropology, psychology, pedagogy, etc. as opposed to the humanistic group. (Source: ZINZAN) MER (lokaal) English: EIA (local) English definition: The identification, evaluation and appraisal of the ecological consequences of a proposed project or development in a city, town or region, and the measures needed to minimize adverse effects. (Source: ALL) merkstof English: marker English definition: 1) Small amount of an easily detected substance that can be used to follow and quantify the flow of materials or movement of organisms not otherwise visible or detectable by ordinary means.2) An isotope of an element, a small amount of which may be incorporated into a sample of material in order to follow the course of that element through a chemical, biological, or physical process, and thus also follow the larger sample. The tracer may be radioactive, in which case observations are made by measuring the radioactivity. (Source: ECHO1) merkstof English: tracer English definition: A minute quantity of radioactive isotope used in medicine or biology to study the chemical changes within living tissues. (Source: KOREN) MER-richtlijn English: EIA directive English definition: Council Directive of 27 June 1985 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (85/337/EEC). The Directive applies to projects which are likely to have significant effects on the environment by virtue of their nature, size or location. (Source: PENEL) MER-wet English: EIA law English definition: Law concerning the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment, based on the EC Directive n. 85/337. (Source: PENELa) messtof met kalium English: potassium fertiliser English definition: A chemical fertilizer containing potassium. Potassium (K) is required by all plant and animal life. Plants require potassium for photosynthesis, osmotic regulation and the activation of enzyme systems. (Source: AGRIC) mest English: manure English definition: Animal excreta collected from stables and barnyards with or without litter; used to enrich the soil. (Source: MGH) mestproductie English: manure production meststof English: fertiliser English definition: Substance added to soil for the purpose of promoting plant life, usually containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, e.g. manure, guano, rock phosphates. (Source: BENNET) meststoffenwet English: fertiliser law met het onderzoek belaste commissaris English: investigating commissioner English definition: A government official authorized or appointed to investigate regulated activities to assure compliance with federal, state or municipal laws. (Source: OCT) met kweldergras begroeide kwelder English: salt meadow English definition: A meadow subject to overflow by salt water. (Source: BJGEO) metaal smelten English: metal smelting English definition: A metallurgical process in which ore mixtures are heated above melting point to extract or yield a crude metal. (Source: APD) metaal walsen English: metal plating English definition: Forming a thin, adherent layer of metal on an object. (Source: MGH) metaalafval English: metal waste English definition: Metal material discarded during manufacturing or processing operations which cannot be directly fed back into the operation; Worn or discarded metal materials removed from service at the end of its useful life. (Source: GMR) metaalafwerking English: metal finishing English definition: A process in which a chemical or some other substance is applied to metals as a way to clean, protect, alter or modify appearance or physical properties, especially surface properties. (Source: MHD) metaalbewerking English: metal working metaalerts English: metallic mineral English definition: Minerals containing metals, such as bauxite, pyrite, etc. (Source: RRDA) metaaloxide English: metal oxide English definition: Any binary compound in which oxygen is combined with one or more metal atoms. (Source: MHD) metaalproduct English: metal product metaalproductenindustrie English: metal products industry English definition: Industry related with the primary metal processing and fabricated metal products manufacturing. The most important end uses of the products of the metals industries are automobiles, machinery, appliances, electrical equipment, structures, furniture, and containers. (Source: PZ) metaalverwerkende industrie English: metallurgical industry English definition: Industry concerned with the extraction, refining, alloying and fabrication of metals. (Source: CED) meta-informatie English: metainformation English definition: Data assembled to describe or define another body of data, a document or any information element. (Source: WIC) metalen English: metal English definition: An opaque crystalline material usually of high strength with good electrical and thermal conductivities, ductility and reflectivity. (Source: MGH) meteorologie voor de landbouw English: agrometeorology English definition: The study of the interaction between meteorological and hydrological factors, on the one hand, and agriculture in the widest sense, including horticulture, animal husbandry and forestry, on the other. (Source: EURMET) meteorologisch processen English: atmospheric process English definition: Atmospheric processes are distinguished in physical and chemical processes and both types may be operating simultaneously in complicated and interdependent ways. The physical processes of transport by atmospheric winds and the formation of clouds and precipitation strongly influence the patterns and rates of acidic deposition, while chemical reactions govern the forms of the compounds deposited. (Source: PARCOR) methanisering English: methanisation English definition: The process of deriving methane from any source, including livestock manure, landfills, coal mines, etc. (Source: OED) methode English: method English definition: A way of proceeding or doing something, especially a systematic or regular one. (Source: CED) methodiek English: methodology English definition: The system of methods and principles used in a particular discipline. (Source: CED) meting English: measuring English definition: The ability of the analytical method or protocol to quantify as well as identify the presence of the substance in question. (Source: LEE) meting English: monitoring English definition: To check regularly in order to perceive change in some quality or quantity. (Source: BRACK) meting milieuverontreiniging English: pollution measurement English definition: The assessment of the concentration of pollutants for a given time in a given point. (Source: FLGISA) meting van de stroming English: stream measurement English definition: The quantitative determination of the rate and amount of flow or discharge from a natural body of running water, such as a small river or brook. (Source: DOE / WWD / WRT) meting van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant monitoring English definition: Periodic or continuous determination of the amount of pollutants present in the environment. (Source: LANDY) metingscriterium English: monitoring criterion metro English: underground train English definition: A train for transportation of people, mostly beneath the surface of the ground, in order to lessen the traffic. (Source: CED) metro English: underground railway English definition: An electric passenger railway operated in underground tunnels. (Source: CED) metrologie English: metrology English definition: The science of measurement. (Source: MGH) metselwerk English: masonry English definition: A construction of stone or similar materials such as concrete or brick. (Source: MGH) meubelindustrie English: furniture industry meubels English: furniture English definition: The movable articles in a room or an establishment that make it fit for living or working. (Source: MGH) microbiele bronnen English: microbial resource English definition: Any available source of supply derived from microbes, which would be used for beneficial purposes, such as for the production of food substances and drugs. (Source: APD) microbiologie English: microbiology English definition: The science and study of microorganisms, including protozoans, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and rickettsiae. (Source: MGH) microbiologische analyse English: microbiological analysis English definition: Analysis for the identification of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. (Source: RRDA) microcomputer English: microcomputer English definition: A microprocessor combined with input/output interface devices, some type of external memory, and the other elements required to form a working computer system; it is smaller, lower in cost, and usually slower than a minicomputer. (Source: MGH) micro-ecosysteem English: microecosystem English definition: A small-scale, simplified, experimental ecosystem, laboratory- or field- based, which may be: a) derived directly from nature (e.g. when samples of pond water are maintained subsequently by the input of artificial light and gas-exchange); or b) built up from axenic cultures (a culture of an organism that consists of one type of organism only, i.e. that is free from any contaminating organism) until the required conditions of organisms and environment are achieved. Also known as microcosm. (Source: ALL2) micro-elektronica English: microelectronics English definition: The technology of constructing circuits and devices in extremely small packages by various techniques. Also known as microminiaturization; microsystem electronics. (Source: MGH) microfiltratie English: microfiltration English definition: The separation or removal from a liquid of particulates and microorganisms in the size range of 0.1 to 0.2 microns in diameter. (Source: WQA) microgolf English: microwave English definition: An electromagnetic wave which has a wavelength between about 0.3 and 30 centimeters, corresponding to frequencies of 1-100 gigahertz; however there are no sharp boundaries between microwaves and infrared and radio waves. (Source: MGH) microklimaat English: microclimate English definition: The local, rather uniform climate of a specific place or habitat, compared with the climate of the entire area of which it is a part. (Source: MGH) microklimatologie English: microclimatology English definition: The study of a microclimate, including the study of profiles of temperature, moisture and wind in the lowest stratum of air, the effects of the vegetation and of shelterbelts, and the modifying effects of towns and buildings. (Source: MGH) micro-organisme English: micro-organism English definition: A microscopic organism, including bacteria, protozoans, yeast, viruses, and algae. (Source: MGH) micro-organisme in water English: aquatic micro-organism English definition: Microorganisms having a water habitat. (Source: MGH) microscopie English: microscopy English definition: The interpretative application of microscope magnification to the study of materials that cannot be properly seen by the unaided eye. (Source: MGH) microverontreiniging English: micropollutant English definition: Pollutant which exists in very small traces in water. (Source: PHC) Middellands zeegebied English: Mediterranean Area English definition: The collective islands and countries of the inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia that is linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar and includes the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas. (Source: RHW) Middellandse Zee English: Mediterranean Sea English definition: The largest inland sea between Europe, Africa and Asia, linked to the Atlantic Ocean at its western end by the Strait of Gibraltar, including the Tyrrhenian, Adriatic, Aegean and Ionian seas, and major islands such as Sicily, Sardina, Corsica, Crete, Malta and Cyprus. (Source: RHW) Middellandse-zeebos English: Mediterranean forest English definition: Type of forest found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly xerophilous evergreen trees. (Source: ALL) Middellandse-zeehout English: Mediterranean wood English definition: A plant formation found in the Mediterranean area comprising mainly lowgrowing, xerophilous evergreen trees and shrubs. It results mainly from the deterioration of the original vegetation by grazing and burning. (Source: ALL) Middellandse-zeeklimaat English: Mediterranean climate English definition: A type of climate characterized by hot, dry, sunny summers and a winter rainy season; basically, this is the opposite of a monsoon climate. Also known as etesian climate. (Source: MGH) middenbos English: coppice with standards English definition: A traditional system of woodland management whereby timber trees are grown above a coppiced woodland. It is used in particular as a method of exploiting oakwoods, in which all the trees except a rather open network of tall, well-formed oaks - the standards at about fifty per hectare - are felled, leaving plenty of space for hazels and other underwood to grow and be coppiced at intervals of ten to fifteen years. (Source: GOOD) midelbaar onderwijs English: secondary education English definition: The years of instruction following elementary school and until the end of high school. (Source: COE) migratie English: migration (in general) English definition: The act of going from one region, country or place to another. (Source: CED) migratie van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant migration English definition: Uncontrolled movement, caused by percolation or other processes, of liquid or gaseous polluting materials from an original source area into other parts of an ecosystem. (Source: MHD) mijn English: mine English definition: An opening or excavation in the earth for extracting minerals. (Source: MGH) mijnbouw English: mining industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the extraction of minerals occurring naturally, often involving quarrying, well operations, milling, exploration and development. (Source: SIC) mijnbouw English: mining English definition: The act, process or industry of extracting coal, ores, etc. from the earth. (Source: CED) mijnbouw - geologie English: mining geology English definition: The study of geologic aspects of mineral deposits, with particular regard to problems associated with mining. (Source: BJGEO) mijnbouw - technologie English: mining engineering English definition: Engineering concerned with the discovery, development and exploitation of coal, ores, and minerals, as well as the cleaning, sizing and dressing of the product. (Source: MGH) mijnbouw,gas- en oliewinning op zee English: offshore mining English definition: Oil extraction from platforms situated a short distance from the coast. (Source: RRDA) mijnbouwafval English: mining waste English definition: Any residue which results from the extraction of raw materials from the earth. (Source: EED / ERG) mijnbouwproduct English: mining product mijnbouwvoorschrift English: mining regulation English definition: A rule or order prescribed by government or management to promote the safety, legality or ecological responsibility of any aspect of the process or industry of ore extraction. (Source: BLD) mijnbouwwet English: mining law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the potentially harmful activity of enterprises concerned with the extraction and processing of precious or valuable metals. (Source: BLD) mijnstreek English: mining district English definition: A district where mineral exploitation is performed. (Source: MGH) mijten English: mite English definition: An order of small Arachnida with rounded bodies. Mites are very abundant in the soil, feeding on plant material and invertebrate animals. Some parasitic mites (e.g. red spider) damage crops and can be serious pests. Others cause diseases in animals. Ticks are blood-suckers, some being vectors of diseases such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans and fowls, and louping ill in cattle and sheep. (Source: ALL) milieu English: ecology English definition: The study of the interrelationships between living organisms and their environment. (Source: LBC) milieu English: environment English definition: A concept which includes all aspects of the surroundings of humanity, affecting individuals and social groupings. The European Union has defined the environment as 'the combination of elements whose complex interrelationships make up the settings, the surroundings and the conditions of life of the individual and of society, as they are or as they are felt'. The environment thus includes the built environment, the natural environment and all natural resources, including air, land and water. It also includes the surroundings of the workplace. (Source: GILP96) milieuaansprakelijkheid English: environmental liability English definition: The penalty to be paid by an organization for the damage caused by pollution and restoration necessary as a result of that damage, whether by accidental spillages from tankers, industrial waste discharges into waterways or land, or deliberate or accidental release of radioactive materials. (Source: WRIGHT) milieuachtergrond English: environmental history English definition: A systematic and chronological account of past events and conditions relating to the ecosystem, its natural resources or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. (Source: TOE) milieu-adviseur English: ecological consultant milieu-ambtenaar English: environmental protection officer milieuanalyse English: environmental analysis milieuangst English: environmental anxiety milieuaspecten van menselijke nederzettingen English: environmental aspect of human settlements English definition: Human settlements have an adverse impact on many ecosystems and on themselves by the addition of toxic or harmful substances to the outer lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The major types of environmental pollutants are sewage, trace metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, synthetic organic compounds, and gaseous emissions. Most, if not all, of the additions of potentially harmful substances to the environment are result of the population growth and the technological advances of industrial societies. (Source: PARCORa) milieubeeld English: environmental perception English definition: An intuitive recognition or understanding of the ecosystem and its natural resources, often based on human experiences or cultural attitudes or beliefs. (Source: RHW / HMO) milieubeeld English: concept of environment English definition: The development at any level of a general notion of the surrounding ecosystem, its foundational relationship to human life and the need to preserve its integrity. (Source: TOE / RHW) milieubeheer English: environmental control English definition: Protection of the environment through policies concerning the control of wastes, the improvement of the human-made environment, the protection of heritage values, the institution of national parks and reserves, the protection of fauna and flora, the conservation of forests and landscapes, etc. (Source: GILP96a) milieubeheer English: environmental management English definition: Measures and controls which are directed at environmental conservation, the rational and sustainable allocation and utilization of natural resources, the optimization of interrelations between society and the environment, and the improvement of human welfare for present and future generations. (Source: UNUN) milieubeheerindicator English: indicator of environmental management milieubehoud English: environmental conservation English definition: Efforts and activities to maintain and sustain those attributes in natural and urban environments which are essential both to human physical and mental health and to enjoyment of life. (Source: UNUN) milieubeleid English: environmental policy milieubeleid English: environmental policy milieubeleid (overheid) English: environmental policy English definition: Official statements of principles, intentions, values, and objective which are based on legislation and the governing authority of a state and which serve as a guide for the operations of governmental and private activities in environmental affairs. (Source: UNUN) milieubeleid van de gemeente English: municipal environmental policy English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action regarding the protection of natural resources in local settings, cities or towns. (Source: RHW) milieubeleidsinstrument English: environmental policy instrument English definition: Technological, economical and legislative measures employed to prevent or control pollution or damage of the environment. (Source: DIZAMB) milieuberoep English: environmental occupation English definition: Gainful employment or job-related activity pertaining to ecological concerns, including the preservation of natural resources and the integrity of the ecosystem. (Source: TOE) milieubescherming English: environmental protection English definition: Measures and controls to prevent damage and degradation of the environment, including the sustainability of its living resources. (Source: UNUN) milieubescherming binnen het bedrijf English: environmental protection in the enterprise English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken by non-governmental, business or industrial entities to prevent or reduce harm to the ecosystem and human health. (Source: TOE / RHW) milieubeschermingsadvies English: environmental protection advice English definition: Consultations or recommendations given as a guide of action regarding the preservation of ecological integrity and the defense or shelter of natural resources. (Source: RHW) milieubeschermingsagentschap English: environmental protection agency English definition: EPA is the US Government's watchdog agency responsible for controlling the pollution of air and water, pesticides, radiation hazards and noise pollution. The agency is also involved in research to examine the effects of pollution. (Source: WRIGHT) milieubeschermingsbeleid; beschermingsbeleid English: conservation policy English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for preserving and renewing human and natural resources. (Source: RHW / TOE) milieubeschermingsbevel English: environmental protection order milieubeschermingsinstantie English: environmental protection organisation English definition: A government agency, committee or group that is responsible for preserving and safeguarding ecological or natural resources. (Source: TOE) milieubeschermingskosten English: environmental protection cost English definition: The amount of money incurred in the preservation, defense, or shelter of natural resources. (Source: EFP / OED) milieubeschermingstechnologie English: environmental protection technology English definition: Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. (Source: ENVAR) milieubeschermingsvereniging English: environmental protection association English definition: Associations whose object resides in the protection of natural environment. (Source: RRDA) milieubeschermingsverordening English: environmental protection regulation English definition: A government or management prescribed rule for the preservation of natural resources and the prevention of damage or degradation of the ecosystem. (Source: BLD / ISEP) milieubesef English: environmental awareness English definition: The growth and development of awareness, understanding and consciousness toward the biophysical environment and its problems, including human interactions and effects. Thinking 'ecologically' or in terms of an ecological consciousness. (Source: UNUN) milieubeurs English: environmental stock exchange English definition: The buying, selling, or exchanging of ecological commodities. (Source: OED) milieubewaking English: environmental monitoring English definition: Periodic and/or continued measuring, evaluating, and determining environmental parameters and/or pollution levels in order to prevent negative and damaging effects to the environment. Also include the forecasting of possible changes in ecosystem and/or the biosphere as a whole. (Source: UNUN) milieubeweging English: ecologist movement English definition: Grouping of individuals and organizations dedicated to the protection of the environment. (Source: PHC) milieubewust gedrag English: environmentally responsible behaviour milieubewust gedrag English: environmental citizenship English definition: The state, character or behavior of a person viewed as a member of the ecosystem with attendant rights and responsibilities, especially the responsibility to maintain ecological integrity and the right to exist in a healthy environment. (Source: TOE / RHW) milieuboekhouding English: environmental accounting milieuchemie English: environmental chemistry English definition: Science dealing with the physical, chemical and biochemical processes that polluting substances undergo when introduced in the environment. (Source: DIZAMB) milieucriminaliteit English: environmental criminality English definition: Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. (Source: AZENPa) milieucriterium English: environmental criterion English definition: Standards of physical, chemical or biological (but sometimes including social, aesthetic, etc.) components that define a given quality of an environment. (Source: LANDY) milieudoelstelling English: environmental target English definition: Environmental elements of recognized importance which can be modified by the completion of a project. (Source: RRDA) milieudoorlichting English: environmental auditing English definition: An assessment of the nature and extent of any harm or detriment, or any possible harm or detriment, that may be inflicted on any aspect of the environment by any activity process, development programme, or any product, chemical, or waste substance. Audits may be designed to: verify or otherwise comply with environmental requirements; evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental management systems; assess risks generally; or assist in planning for future improvements in environment protection and pollution control (Source: GILP96) milieueconomie English: environmental economics English definition: A recognized field of specialization in the discipline of Economics that embraces the issues of pollution control and environment protection, in which costs and benefits are difficult or impossible to estimate, much of the subject matter falling outside the competitive market system. Yet, it is an area in which immense common property resources need to be allocated sensibly to the overall public good. The subject is also very much concerned with ways and means to achieve this sensible allocation such as emission and effluent charges, user charges for the treatment or disposal of waste, environmental taxes, product charges, deposit refunds, tradeable pollution rights, performance bonds, natural resource accounting, and the economic implications of sustainable development. (Source: GILP96) milieueconomie van ondernemingen English: environmental economics of firms English definition: The use of financial resources for the purpose of incorporating ecological principles in the operations of businesses and companies. (Source: ISEP / RHW) milieueconomische vraagstukken English: environmental economy issue English definition: A matter of public importance involving both a community's or a country's management of financial resources and its protection of natural resources. (Source: RHW / OED) milieu-economische waardering English: environmental economic valuation English definition: The assessment, evaluation, or appraisal of business performance in matters involving ecology and finances. (Source: OED) milieueffectbepaling English: environmental impact statement English definition: A detailed statement which, to the fullest extent possible, identifies and analyses, among other things, the anticipated environmental impact of a proposed action and discusses how the adverse effects will be mitigated. (Source: LANDY) milieueffectenrapportage English: environmental impact study English definition: Survey conducted to ascertain the conditions of a site prior to the realization of a project, to analyze its possible impacts and compensative measures. (Source: RRDA) milieuethiek English: environmental ethics English definition: An ecological conscience or moral that reflects a commitment and responsibility toward the environment, including plants and animals as well as present and future generations of people. Oriented toward human societies living in harmony with the natural world on which they depend for survival and well being. (Source: UNUN) milieuevaluatie English: environmental assessment English definition: The evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources. (Source: RHW) milieuevaluatiecriterium English: environmental assessment criterion English definition: Principle or standard for the evaluation or appraisal of ecological or natural resources. (Source: ISEP / RHW) milieu-evenwicht English: environmental balance English definition: Final part of the environmental impact study and assessment which compares environmental costs and benefits on the basis of homogeneous criteria. (Source: AMBPIAa) milieufonds English: environmental fund English definition: Financial resources set aside for measures involving ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources. (Source: ISEP / OED) milieugegevens English: environmental data English definition: Information concerning the state or condition of the environment. (Source: RRDA) milieugeneeskunde English: environmental medicine English definition: The art and science of the protection of good health, the promotion of aesthetic values, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical, and radiological hazards. (Source: KOREN) milieugevolgen English: environmental consequence English definition: Resultant of natural or man-made perturbations of the physical, chemical or biological components making up the environment. (Source: LANDY) milieugiftige eigenschappen English: ecotoxicity English definition: Quality of some substances or preparations which present or may present immediate or delayed risks for one or more sectors of the environment. (Source: GRAHAW) milieuheffing English: environmental tax English definition: An amount of money demanded by a government to finance clean-up, prevention, reduction, enforcement or educational efforts intended to promote ecological integrity and the conservation of natural resources. (Source: ODE / TOE) milieuheffingen English: green fiscal instrument milieuhygiene English: environmental health English definition: The art and science of the protection of good health, the prevention of disease and injury through the control of positive environmental factors, and the reduction of potential physical, biological, chemical and radiological hazards. (Source: KOREN) milieu-index English: environmental index English definition: An index of available environmental articles from 1972 to present; also known as Environmental Abstract Annual. (Source: KOREN) milieu-indicator English: environmental indicator English definition: A measurement, statistic or value that provides a proximate gauge or evidence of the effects of environmental management programs or of the state or condition of the environment. (Source: EPAGLO) milieu-industrie English: environmental industry English definition: Industries involved in the development of cleaner technologies, waste and wastewater treatment, recycling processes, biotechnology processes, catalysts, membranes, desulphurisation plants, noise reduction, and the manufacture of other products having an environment protection purpose. (Source: DOBRIS) milieu-informatica English: environmental informatics English definition: Science and techniques of data elaboration and of computer processing of information concerning ecosystems and ecology. (Source: ISEP / TOE) milieu-informatie English: environmental information English definition: Knowledge communicated or received concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within it or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. (Source: TOE) milieu-informatienetwerk English: environmental information network English definition: A system of interrelated persons and devices linked to permit the exchange of data or knowledge concerning natural resources, human health and other ecological matters. (Source: ISEP / TOE) milieu-informatiesysteem English: environmental information system English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources designed to exchange data or knowledge concerning any aspect of the ecosystem, the natural resources within or, more generally, the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. (Source: TOE / RHW) milieu-investering English: environmental investment English definition: Securities held for the production of income in the form of interest and dividends with the aim of benefitting the environment. (Source: ISEP / EFP) milieukeur(merk) English: ecolabel English definition: A mark, seal or written identification attached or affixed to products that provides specific ecological information allowing consumers to make comparisons with other similar products, or instructions on how to safely use or properly recycle or dispose of both products and packaging. (Source: OPP) milieukosten English: environmental cost English definition: Expenses incurred as a result of some violation of ecological integrity either by an enterprise that implements a program to rectify the situation, or by society or the ecosystem as a whole when no person or enterprise is held liable. (Source: IEC / ECH) milieukunde English: environmental science English definition: The interdisciplinary study of environmental problems, within the framework of established physical and biological principles, i.e. oriented toward a scientific approach. (Source: UNUN) milieukwaliteit English: environmental quality English definition: Properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or local, as they impinge on human beings and other organisms. Environmental quality is a general term which can refer to: varied characteristics such as air and water purity or pollution, noise, access to open space, and the visual effects of buildings, and the potential effects which such characteristics may have on physical and mental health. (Source: LANDY) milieukwaliteitscriterium English: environmental quality criterion English definition: Criteria followed in establishing standards for exposure to pollutants and noise, in respect of pesticides, detergents, composition of effluents, discharge of trade wastes, etc. (Source: GILP96a) milieukwaliteitsdoelstelling English: environmental quality objective milieukwaliteitsindicator English: indicator of environmental quality English definition: Qualitative or quantitative parameter used as a measure of an environmental condition, e.g. of air or water quality. (Source: DIZAMB) milieukwaliteitsnorm English: environmental quality standard English definition: Normative documents and guidelines for determining the degree of environmental conditions and requirements to avoid negative and damaging effects, influences, and consequences. (Source: UNUN) milieumarketing English: ecomarketing English definition: The buying, selling, advertising, shipping, and storing of goods in compliance with ecological principles. (Source: ISEP / RHW) milieumarkt English: environment market milieumisdrijf English: environmental crime English definition: Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. (Source: AZENPa) milieumonsterdepot English: environmental specimen bank English definition: Places in which selected specimens (fish, mussels, milk, soil sample and human tissue, etc.) are stored without being allowed to decompose. (Source: AZENP) milieumuseum English: ecomuseum English definition: A private, non-profit facility where plants and animals can be viewed in a natural outdoor setting. (Source: AGRENV) milieuonderhoud English: maintenance of environment milieuonderneming English: environmental enterprise English definition: Organisations that are specialized in providing advice on environmental matters, for example investigation and remediation of potentially polluted land, water and air, and in the evaluation of environmental impacts; they employ professionals with the qualifications of engineering, geology, chemistry, hydrogeology, landscaping, environmental economics, etc. (Source: GRAHAWa) milieuonderwijs English: environmental education English definition: The educational process that deals with the human interrelationships with the environment and that utilizes an interdisciplinary problem-solving approach with value clarification. Concerned with education progress of knowledge, understanding, attitudes, skills, and commitment for environmental problems and considerations. The need for environmental education is continuous, because each new generation needs to learn conservation for itself. (Source: UNUN) milieuonderwijs English: environmental teaching English definition: Instruction, training or the imparting of knowledge about the external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of organisms, including potential dangers to the ecosystem and the means to maintain its integrity. (Source: TOE / RHW) milieuonderzoek English: environmental research English definition: The study of the environment and its modifications caused by human activities. (Source: DIFID) milieuongeluk English: environmental accident English definition: An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss, with the potential for harming the ecosystem or natural resources. (Source: TOE / HMD) milieu-ontwikkeling English: environmental development English definition: The growth, progress or advancement in matters of ecological concern. (Source: ISEP) milieuonvriendelijk bedrijf English: environmentally unfriendly firm English definition: Firms that do not comply with environmental regulations for the disposal of noxious wastes generated during the production cycle. (Source: RRDA) milieuoorlogsvoering English: environmental warfare English definition: The direct manipulation or destruction of ecological resources as either a political threat or for actual military advantage. (Source: BAS) milieu-overtreding English: offence against the environment English definition: Unlawful acts against the environment, such as water contamination, hazardous waste disposal, air contamination, unpermitted installation of plants, oil spills, etc. (Source: AZENPa) milieuplan English: environmental plan English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the protection of natural or ecological resources. (Source: OED) milieuplanning English: environmental planning English definition: The identification of desirable objectives for the physical environment, including social and economic objectives, and the creation of administrative procedures and programmes to meet those objectives. (Source: GILP96) milieuprestatie English: environmental performance milieuprogramma English: environmental programme English definition: An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to protect natural or ecological resources and advocate for ecological progress. (Source: RHW) milieupsychologie English: environmental psychology English definition: A branch of experimental psychology which studies the relationships between behavior and the environmental context in which it occurs. Environmental psychology's primary focus is the influence of the physical environment and, therefore, much of the research in this area deals with the influences of noise, air pollution, climatic changes, etc. (Source: JMU) milieuramp English: ecocatastrophe English definition: A sudden, widespread disaster or calamity causing extensive damage to the environment that threatens the quality of life for people living in the affected area or region, potentially leading to many deaths. (Source: ALL) milieurampen(bestrijdings)plan English: environmental contingency planning English definition: The production of an organized, programmatic and coordinated course of action to be followed in the case of some accident, disaster or occurrence threatening an ecosystem and the human health or natural resources within it. (Source: TOE) milieurapport English: environmental report English definition: An account or statement, usually in writing, describing in detail events, situations or conditions pertaining to the ecosystem, its natural resources or any of the external factors surrounding and affecting human life. (Source: TOE) milieurapport English: report on the state of the environment English definition: A written account on the level of integrity and conditions of the ecosystem and natural resources in a given region, usually presented by an official person or body mandated to protect human health and the environment in that region. (Source: TOE) milieurecht English: environmental law English definition: A wide spectrum of options from binding 'hard' laws, such as international treaties and national legislation, to 'soft' laws, covering guiding principles, recommended practices and procedures, and standards. Environmental law also attempts to reconcile international considerations with concerns that focus on very specific problems such as soil degradation, marine pollution or the depletion of non-renewable resources. (Source: WRIGHT) milieurisico English: environmental risk English definition: Likelihood, or probability, of injury, disease, or death resulting from exposure to a potential environmental hazard. (Source: RRDA) milieurisicobeoordeling English: environmental risk assessment English definition: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the risk posed to the environment by the actual or potential presence and/or use of specific pollutants. (Source: OPPTIN) milieuschade English: environmental damage English definition: Harm done to the environment, e.g. loss of wetlands, pollution of rivers, etc. (Source: PHC) milieustatistieken English: environmental statistics milieustimuleringsmaatregel English: environmental incentive milieustrafrecht English: environmental criminal law English definition: The aggregate of statutory enactments pertaining to actions or instances of ecological negligence deemed injurious to public welfare or government interests and legally prohibited. (Source: RHW) milieustudie English: environmental study English definition: A document submitted by an applicant in support of an undertaking which identifies the environmental impacts of the proposed undertaking and its alternatives. (Source: LANDY) milieusubsidie English: environmental subsidy English definition: Payment by a government to assist or improve performance regarding ecological maintenance or the protection, defense, or shelter of natural resources. (Source: ODE) milieutechniek English: environmental engineering English definition: Branch of engineering concerned with the environment and its proper management. The major environmental engineering disciplines regard water supply, wastewater, stormwater, solid waste, hazardous waste, noise radiology, industrial hygiene, oceanography and the like. (Source: PORT) milieutechnologie English: environmental technology milieuterminologie English: environmental terminology English definition: The vocabulary of technical terms and usage appropriate to community, corporate, governmental and other groups concerned with protecting natural resources, preserving the integrity of the ecosystem and safeguarding human health. (Source: ISEP / TOE) milieutheorie English: environmentalism English definition: 1) Concern for the environment and its protection. 2) Theory emphasizing the primary influence of the environment on the development of groups or individuals. It stresses the importance of the physical, biological, psychological, or cultural environment as a factor influencing the structure or behaviour of animals, including humans.In politics, this has given rise in many countries to Green Parties, which aim to ' Preserve the planet and its people'. milieutheorie English: theory of the environment English definition: A structured simulation or explanation based on observation, experimentation and reasoning that seeks to demonstrate, characterize or explain the actions and interactions of the total surrounding conditions of a given system. (Source: APD) milieutoxicoloog English: environmental toxicologist English definition: An environmental health professional who determines the adverse health effects, and the mechanisms of those effects, resulting from exposure to physical, chemical, and biological aspects in the human environment. (Source: KOREN) milieutraining English: environmental training English definition: Teaching of specialists and qualified workers who acquire knowledge and skills necessary to solve environmental problems. (Source: UNUN) milieu-uitgaven van de overheid English: government environmental expenditure milieuvandalisme English: environmental vandalism milieuveiligheid English: environmental security English definition: Measures taken or policies instituted to protect and promote the safety of external conditions affecting the life, development and survival of an organism. (Source: TOE) milieuverandering English: environmental change English definition: Changes that may take place in ecosystems, climate, soil, habitats, etc. due to pressures of various origin. (Source: RRDA) milieuverenigbaarheid English: environmental compatibility English definition: Condition of products or projects of having a reduced impact or burden on the natural environment. (Source: RRDA) milieuvergunning English: environmental licence English definition: A governmental license or grant that allows and regulates an enterprise's discharge of air pollutants, typically from a commercial or industrial plant. (Source: BLD / TOE) milieuverklaring (eco-controle) English: environmental statement (eco-audit) English definition: Assessment made by a company or organization of the financial benefits and disadvantages to be derived from adopting a more environmentally sound policy. (Source: PHC) milieuverontreinigingsnorm English: pollution norm milieuverontreinigingsrisico English: pollution risk English definition: Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by the introduction of an undesirable substance into the ecosystem. (Source: TOE) milieuvervuiling English: environmental pollution English definition: The introduction by man into the environment of substances or energy liable to cause hazards to human health, harm to living resources and ecological systems, damage to structure or amenity, or interference with legitimate uses of the environment. (Source: GRAHAW) milieuvriendelijk English: environment friendly English definition: Human activities, enterprises or products that reinforce rather than undermine the integrity of the ecosystem. (Source: FLG) milieuvriendelijk beheer English: environmentally friendly management English definition: Adoption of integrated and preventative management practices aiming at reducing the impacts of industrial and trade activities on the environment; these practices include, among others, life-cycle analysis in the product development cycle, the introduction of clean process technology and measures of waste minimisation. (Source: DOBRIS) milieuvriendelijk product English: environmentally friendly product English definition: Product that is not harmful to the environment. (Source: PHC) milieuvriendelijke aankopen English: environmental friendly procurement English definition: The process of obtaining products and services which are favorably disposed toward the environment. (Source: RHW) milieuvriendelijke architectuur English: environmental sustainable architecture English definition: Environmentally friendly architecture is based on the following five principles: 1) healthful interior environment; 2) energy efficiency; 3) ecologically benign materials; 4) environmental form; 5) good design. (Source: ARCH) milieuvriendelijke wagen English: clean air car English definition: Vehicles that function without emitting pollutants in the atmosphere. (Source: RRDA) milieuwetgeving English: environmental legislation English definition: Branch of law relating to pollution control; national parks, wildlife, fauna and flora, wilderness and biodiversity; environmental and occupational health; environmental planning; heritage conservation and a large number of international conventions relating to the environment. (Source: GILP96) milieuwetgeving met betrekking tot de landbouw English: environmental legislation on agriculture English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate any aspect of farm and livestock production that poses a threat to ecological integrity and human health, especially the use of pesticides, fertilizers and land. (Source: TOE / BLD) milieuwetgevingsprocedure English: environmental legislative process English definition: The systematic course of proceedings in which a bill that would preserve or protect ecological resources may be enacted as a law. (Source: ODE) militair luchtverkeer English: military air traffic English definition: Air traffic of or relating to the armed forces. militair terrein English: military zone English definition: Area whose utilization is exclusively reserved to the army. (Source: ZINZAN) militaire activiteiten English: military activities English definition: Actions and movements pertaining to or conducted by the armed forces. militaire aspecten English: military aspects militaire uitrusting English: military equipment English definition: Equipment necessary to the performance of military activities, either combat or noncombat. (Source: RRDA) minder bedreigde soorten (IUCN) English: lower risk species (IUCN) English definition: Animals, birds, fish, plants or other living organisms that have been deemed as not being in danger of extinction. (Source: OED / TOE) minder ontwikkelde landen English: less developed country English definition: One of the world's poorest nations, typically small in area and population, with low per capita incomes, literacy levels and medical standards, subsistence agriculture and a lack of exploitable minerals and competitive industries. (Source: UIA) minderheid English: minority English definition: A group that is different racially, politically, etc. from a larger group of which it is a part. (Source: CED) mineraalvezel English: mineral fibre English definition: A fiber manufactured from glass, rock, or slag generally for use in fabricating heat insulation. (Source: HARRIS) mineraalwater English: mineral water English definition: Water containing naturally or artificially supplied minerals or gases. (Source: MGH) minerale olie English: mineral oil English definition: Oil which derives from petroleum and is made up of hydrocarbons. (Source: PHC) mineralisatie English: mineralisation English definition: The process of fossilization whereby inorganic materials replace the organic constituent of an organism. (Source: MGH) mineralogie English: mineralogy English definition: The science which concerns the study of natural inorganic substances called minerals. (Source: MGH) mini-batterij English: button-cell battery English definition: A tiny, circular battery made for a watch or for other microelectric applications. (Source: LEE) minimale kostenplanning English: minimal cost planning English definition: The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the production of goods or services at an output that would require the lowest possible expenditure of money, time or labor. (Source: ODE) ministerie English: ministry English definition: The body of top government administrators or other high ranking public officials that are selected by a head of state to manage certain aspects of a state's affairs, as opposed to civil servants whose tenure is unaffected by public changes resulting from democratic elections or some other process. (Source: BLD) ministerieel besluit English: ministerial decree English definition: A formal judgment or mandate handed down on a specific issue or concern from a major administrative department of a state, usually under the authority of that department's chief minister, secretary or administrator. (Source: RHW) ministeriele bevoegdheid English: minister competence English definition: The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority associated with the chief of an administrative department or other high ranking official selected by the head of state. (Source: RHW) misbruik van geneesmiddelen English: drug abuse misdaad English: crime English definition: Any act done in violation of those duties which an individual owes to the community, and for the breach of which the law has provided that the offender shall make satisfaction to the public. (Source: BLACK) misdadig gedrag English: delinquency misselijkheid English: nausea mist English: fog English definition: Water droplets or, rarely, ice crystals suspended in the air in sufficient concentration to reduce visibility appreciably. (Source: MGH) mist English: mist English definition: Fine water droplets suspended in the air, which reduce visibility. Usually mists form at night, when the temperature falls because the sky is clear. If visibility falls below 1,000 metres, the mist becomes a fog. (Source: PHC) misvorming English: malformation English definition: Permanent structural change that may adversely affect survival, development or function. (Source: KOREN) mobiliteit English: mobility (physical) English definition: The ability of groups or individuals to re-locate or change jobs, or to physically move from one place to another. (Source: ODE) modder English: mud (sediment) English definition: A mixture of clay and/or silt with water to form a plastic mass with a particle size preponderantly below 0.06 mm diameter. It is deposited in low-energy environments in lakes, estuaries and lagoons. It may also be deposited in deep-sea environments. (Source: WHIT) model English: model English definition: 1) A representation, usually on a smaller scale, of a device, structure, etc. 2) A quantitative or mathematical representation or computer simulation which attempts to describe the characteristics or relationships of physical events. (Source: CED / LEE) modellering English: modelling English definition: An investigative technique using a mathematical or physical representation of a system or theory that accounts for all or some its known properties. Models are often used to test the effect of changes of system components on the overall performance of the system. (Source: LEE) moedermelk English: breast milk English definition: Milk from the breast for feeding babies. (Source: CED) moeilijk te behandelen afval English: bulky waste English definition: Large items of waste material, such as appliances, furniture, large auto parts, trees, branches, stumps, etc. (Source: LANDY) moeilijk verwerkbaar afval English: hard-to-dispose-of waste English definition: Discarded material, often hazardous or in large volume, for which there is no obvious disposal route. (Source: DHW) moeras English: marsh English definition: An periodically inundated area of low ground having shrubs and trees, with or without the formation of peat. (Source: BJGEO) moeras English: swamp English definition: A permanently waterlogged area in which there is often associated tree growth, e.g. mangroves in hot climates. (Source: WHIT) moeras; veenmoeras English: bog English definition: A commonly used term in Scotland and Ireland for a stretch waterlogged, spongy ground, chiefly composed of decaying vegetable matter, especially of rushes, cotton grass, and sphagnum moss. (Source: WHIT) moerasgas English: methane English definition: A colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas, lighter than air and reacting violently with chlorine and bromine in sunlight, a chief component of natural gas; used as a source of methanol, acetylene, and carbon monoxide. Also known as methyl hydride. (Source: MGH) moestuin English: home garden English definition: A plot of cultivated ground adjacent to a dwelling and usually devoted in whole or in part to the growing of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables for household use. (Source: WEBSTE) mogelijk vervuild gebied English: area of potential pollution English definition: Area which is supposedly causing dangers to human health and environment. (Source: ECHO2) mogelijkheid tot afvalvermindering English: waste minimisation potential English definition: The capability of measures or techniques that reduce the amount of refuse or unwanted materials that is generated, particularly during industrial production processes. (Source: TOE) mogelijkheid van langdurige voortzetting (van iets) English: sustainability English definition: Adoption of energy and environmental policies which would not threaten the world environment, yet at the same time allow economic growth. (Source: BRACK) moleculaire biologie English: molecular biology English definition: The study of the chemical structures and processes of biological phenomena at the molecular level; the discipline is particularly concerned with the study of proteins, nucleic acids, and enzymes, the macromolecules essential to life processes. It seeks to understand the molecular basis of genetic processes. Techniques used include X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. (Source: GILP96) molen English: mill English definition: A building where grain is crushed into flour. (Source: CAMB) monetaire betrekkingen English: monetary relations English definition: The different modes in which countries, nations, etc., are brought together by financial, currency, or pecuniary interests. (Source: OED) monetaire economie English: monetary economics English definition: The study, policies or system of institutions and procedures by which a country or region's commerce is supplied with notes, coins, bank deposits or other equivalent mediums of exchange. (Source: ODE) monetaire markt English: money market English definition: A financial market that trades Treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term financial instruments. This market is often used by businesses when they need short-term funds to bridge the gap between paying operating costs and collecting revenue from product sales. As such, the term 'money' in money market indicates that businesses are using highly liquid instruments to raise the money need for operating expenses. (Source: AMOS2) monetaire waardebepaling English: monetary assessment English definition: Financial determination, adjustment, estimation, or appraisal for purposes of levying a tax, charge or fine. (Source: OED) monopolie English: monopoly English definition: The market condition where a particular commodity or service has only one seller, either because the seller has exclusive possession of an essential input or because large economies of scale inhibit the entrance of a competitor into the market. (Source: ODE) monstername English: sampling English definition: The obtaining of small representative quantities of material for the purpose of analysis. (Source: MGH) monsternametechniek English: sampling technique English definition: Method of selecting items at random from a set in such a manner that the sample will be representative of the whole. (Source: MGHa) monument English: monument English definition: An object, especially large and made of stone, built to remember and show respect to a person or group of people, or a special place made for this purpose. (Source: CAMB) monumentenzorg English: conservation of monuments English definition: Measures adopted for the protection and the maintenance of hystorical and art monuments. (Source: ZINZANa) morele overreding English: moral persuasion English definition: Appealing to the ethical principles or beliefs of an adversary or the public to convince the adversary to change behavior or attitudes. (Source: MLK) morfologie English: morphology English definition: The branch of biology concerned with the form and structure of organisms. (Source: CED) morfologie van de zeebodem English: submarine morphology English definition: That aspect of geological oceanography which deals with the relief features of the ocean floor and with the forces that modify them. (Source: BJGEO) mos English: moss English definition: Any plant of the class Bryophyta, occurring in nearly all damp habitats. (Source: MGH) mosselteelt English: mussel farming English definition: Breeding of mussels for sale as food. (Source: PHC) mossen English: bryophyte English definition: Any plant of the division Bryophyta, having stems and leaves but lacking true vascular tissue and roots and reproducing by spores: includes the mosses and liverworts. (Source: CED) motor English: engine English definition: A machine in which power is applied to do work by the conversion of various forms of energy into mechanical force and motion. (Source: MGH) motorbrandstof English: motor fuel English definition: Any gaseous or liquid flammable fuel that burns in an internal combustion engine. (Source: ZINZANa) motorfiets English: motorcycle motorvoertuig English: motor vehicle English definition: A road vehicle driven by a motor or engine, especially an internal-combustion engine. (Source: CED) motorvoertuigemissies English: motor vehicle emission English definition: The formation and discharge of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the environment chiefly from car, truck and bus exhaust. (Source: DDP) motorvoertuigenindustrie English: motor vehicle industry motorvoertuiguitlaatgassen English: motor vehicle exhaust gas English definition: Gases vented to the atmosphere by internal-combustion-engine driven vehicles. mozaiek English: mosaic English definition: A composite photograph consisting of separate aerial photographs of overlapping surface areas, producing an overall image of a surface area too large to be depicted in a single aerial photograph. (Source: OED / WHIT) multifunctioneel beheergebied English: multiple use management area English definition: 1) Coordinated management for the most judicious and harmonious use of the land on a long term basis under the concept of combining two or more uses and/or purposes with attention to sustainability and nonimpairment of the natural resources and land area.2) Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production. (Source: UNUN / EPAGLO) multilaterale overeenkomst English: multilateral agreement English definition: Multilateralism stands for a long-held but rarely achieved ideal, namely the voluntary co-operation of nations for peace and development. Multilateral initiatives are undermined or diluted by ultra-nationalist, bilateral and regional initiatives. Multilateralism may be undercut by the uncoordinated decisions of those contributing to it. Multilateralism constitutes the democracy of international society. An enlightened multilateralism enhances the specific interests of states while advancing their common cause. (Source: WPR) multimedia technologie English: multimedia technology English definition: Any technical means used to combine text, sound, still or animated images and video in computers and electronic products, often allowing audience interactivity. (Source: ENC / WIS) multinational English: multinational firm English definition: A large business company operating in several countries. (Source: CED) multispectrale scanner English: multispectral scanner English definition: A remote sensing term referring to a scanning radiometer that simultaneously acquires images in various wavebands at the same time. A multispectral scanner can be carried aboard an aircraft or satellite. The Landsat multispectral scanner records images in four wavebands of visible and near infrared electromagnetic radiation to enable objects with different reflectance properties to be distinguished. (Source: WHIT) museum English: museum English definition: A place or building where objects of historical, artistic, or scientific interest are exhibited, preserved or studied. (Source: CED) mutagene stof English: mutagen English definition: An agent that raises the frequency of mutation above the spontaneous rate. An agent that causes changes to plants and animals, particularly to their genetic material and especially at the time of reproduction. Certain chemicals and forms of radiation are powerful mutagens that damage the DNA, or genetic material in the centre of every cell of a living organism. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT) mutagene stof English: mutagenic substance English definition: Agents that induce a permanent change in the genetic material. (Source: KOREN) mutageniteit English: mutagenicity English definition: The property of chemical or physical agents of inducing changes in genetic material that are transmitted during cell division. (Source: KOREN) mutant English: mutant English definition: An individual bearing an allele that has undergone mutation and is expressed in the phenotype. (Source: MGH) mutatie English: mutation English definition: A change in the chemical constitution of the DNA in the chromosomes of an organism: the changes are normally restricted to individual genes, but occasionally involve serious alteration to whole chromosomes. When a mutation occurs in gametes or gametocytes an inherited change may be produced in the characteristics of the organisms that develop from them. Mutation is one of the ways in which genetic variation is produced in organisms. A somatic mutation is one that occurs to a body cell, and is consequently past on to all the cells derived from it by mitosis. Natural mutations, at this stage of biological evolution, when they occur in the cells of higher animals, almost always produce deleterious characteristics. Both natural and artificial mutations can be brought about by ionizing radiation (hence the genetic and carcinogenic dangers of nuclear weapons) and by certain chemical substances called mutagens. (Source: UVAROV) muur English: wall English definition: A vertical construction made of stone, brick, wood, etc., with a length and height much greater than its thickness, used to enclose, divide or support. (Source: CED) muziek English: music English definition: The artistic organization of sounds or tones that expresses ideas and emotions through the elements of rhythm, melody, harmony and tonal color. (Source: RHW) myceten English: mycete English definition: Nucleated usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll. (Source: MGH) mycologie English: mycology English definition: The branch of botany concerned with the study of fungi. (Source: LBC) mycorrhiza English: mycorrhiza English definition: The symbiotic association of the root of a higher plant with a fungus. In an ectotrophic mycorrhiza (e.g., heath, pine trees) the fungal mycelium covers the outside of the roots; in an endotrophic mycorrhiza (e.g. orchids) the fungus grows inside the cells of the root cortex. (Source: ALL) mythe English: myth English definition: A traditional or legendary story, usually dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, heroes or events, that is with or without determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, but is used to explain some practice, rite or phenomenon of nature, or to justify the existence of a social institution. (Source: RHW) naaktzadigen English: gymnosperm English definition: Any seed-bearing plant of the division Gymnospermae, in which the ovules are borne naked on the surface of the mega sporophylls, which are often arranged in cones. (Source: CED) naaldbomen English: conifer English definition: An order of conebearing plants which includes nearly all the present day Gymnospermae. Most are tall evergreen trees with needle-like (e.g., pines), linear (e.g. firs) or scale-like (e.g., cedars) leaves. They are characteristic of temperate zones and the main forest trees of colder regions. They provide timber, resins, tars, turpentine and pulp for paper. (Source: ALL) naaldboom English: coniferous tree naaldbos English: coniferous forest English definition: A forest type characterized by cone-bearing, needle-leaved trees. They are generally, but not necessarily, evergreen and relatively shallow-rooted. Since they grow more rapidly than most broad-leaved trees, conifers are extensively planted as a source of softwood timber and pulp. They are tolerant of wide-ranging climatic conditions, of many different types of soil and of considerable differences in terrain. Thus, they are found from the polar latitudes to the tropics, on most types of soils (especially, thin acid soils) and from mountain summits to coastal environments. (Source: WHIT) naaldbos English: coniferous wood naar grootte sorteren English: sizing English definition: To fix the cross-section of structural components on the basis of statics and material strength. (Source: RRDA) naar olie boren English: drilling for oil English definition: Boring a hole for extracting oil. (Source: PHC) nabehandeling English: post-treatment English definition: Treatment of treated water or wastewater to improve the water quality. (Source: LEE) naburige eigenaar English: neighbouring owner English definition: Person who lives in close proximity to another or owns a contiguous property. (Source: WESTSa) nat afval English: wet waste English definition: Organic refuse or material left over from a manufacturing process, which is characterized by the presence of moisture. (Source: RHW / GRP) nat proces English: wet process English definition: Process used to remove particulate matter and/or gaseous pollutants by means of an aqueous stream or slurry. (Source: KORENa) nationaal park English: national park English definition: Areas of outstanding natural beauty, set aside for the conservation of flora, fauna and scenery, and for recreation, if this does not conflict with the conservation objectives of the parks and their landscapes. Hunting, logging, mining, commercial fishing, agriculture and livestock grazing are all controlled within national parks, as is industrial activity. (Source: WRIGHT) nationaal reservaat English: national reserve nationaal visreservaat English: national fishing reserve English definition: Limited portion of a water body belonging to the State where angling is allowed. (Source: RRDA) nationale boekhouding English: national accounting English definition: Organised method of recording all business transactions in the national economy. nationale milieuboekhouding English: national environmental accounting English definition: The collection and processing of financial information regarding the costs for ecological challenges or opportunities for nations or countries. (Source: RHW) nationale planning English: national planning English definition: The step by step method and process of defining, developing and outlining various possible courses of actions to meet existing or future needs, goals and objectives for a country or a large body of people associated with a particular territory, often sharing similar ethnic backgrounds, customs and language. (Source: RHW / BLD) nationale wetgeving English: national legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by the government of a sovereign state that holds force throughout the regions and territories within the government's dominion. (Source: RHW) nationaleeconomie English: national economy English definition: A nation's financial resources and its financial management, with a view towards its productivity. (Source: ISEP / RHW) nationalisering English: nationalisation English definition: The transfer of ownership of a private business or other private property to a national government, either through uncompensated seizure (expropriation) or through forced sale at a government-determinedprice. (Source: DUC) nat-ontstoffer English: wet scrubber English definition: 1) An air cleaning device that literally washes out the dust. Exhaust air is forced into a spray chamber, where fine water particles cause the dust to drop from the air stream. The dust-ladden water is then treated to remove the solid material and is often recirculated.2) Equipment through which a gas is passed to remove impurities (solid, liquid, or gaseous particles) by intimate contact with a suitable liquid, usually an aqueous medium. (Source: LANDY / BRACK / ALL) natuur English: nature English definition: All natural phenomena and plant and animal life, as distinct from man and his creations. (Source: CED) natuur, menselijke leefomgeving English: natural environment, anthropic environment natuurbeheer English: management of natural resources English definition: Planned use of natural resources, in particular of non-renewable resources, in accordance with principles that assure their optimum long-term economic and social benefits. (Source: MUCKa) natuurbehoud English: nature conservation English definition: Active management of the earth's natural resources and environment to ensure their quality is maintained and that they are wisely used. (Source: PHC) natuurbehoudsprogramma English: nature conservation programme English definition: An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to preserve and protect elements of the natural world such as mountains, trees, animals or rivers. (Source: RHW) natuurbehoudswetgeving English: nature conservation legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect, preserve or renew an area's natural habitats or ecosystem. (Source: BLD / RHW) natuurbescherming English: nature protection English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the elements of the material world that exist independently of human activity. (Source: RHW) natuurgebied English: natural area English definition: An area in which natural processes predominate, fluctuations in numbers of organisms are allowed free play and human intervention is minimal. (Source: LANDY) natuurgebieden, landschap, ecosystemen English: natural areas, landscape, ecosystems natuurgevoel English: feeling for nature English definition: A consciousness, sensibility or sympathetic perception of the physical world and its scenery in their uncultivated state. (Source: RHW) natuurkunde English: physics English definition: The study of those aspects of nature which can be understood in a fundamental way in terms of elementary principles and laws. (Source: MGH) natuurkunde, fysica English: physics natuurlijk afbreekbare verontreinigende stof English: biodegradable pollutant English definition: A pollutant which can be converted by biological processes into simple inorganic molecules. (Source: RRDA) natuurlijk afwateringssysteem English: natural drainage system natuurlijk bos English: natural forest English definition: A forest area that has developed free from the influence of humans and remains largely unaffected by their activities. The natural forest may include, but is not necessarily equivalent to, an old-growth forest. (Source: DUNSTE) natuurlijk erfgoed English: natural heritage English definition: Generally, the world's natural resources as handed down to the present generation, and specifically, the earth's outstanding physical, biological and geological formations, and habitats of threatened species of animals and plants and areas with scientific, conservation or aesthetic value. (Source: WHC / OED) natuurlijk gevaar English: natural hazard English definition: The probability of occurrence, within a specific period of time in a given area of a potentially damaging phenomenon of nature. (Source: GUNN) natuurlijk landschap English: natural scenery English definition: An area where human effects, if present, are not significant to the landscape as a whole. (Source: DUNSTE) natuurlijk risico English: natural risk English definition: Probability of harm to human health, property or the environment posed by any aspect of the physical world other than human activity. (Source: APD) natuurlijke afbraak English: biodegradation English definition: Breaking down of a substance by microorganisms. (Source: MGH) natuurlijke afbreekbaarheid English: biodegradability English definition: The extent to which a substance can be decomposed - or rotted - by bacteria and fungi.Implies that residues from degradation are nontoxic. One of the most misleading claims in business, because shoppers often assume a biodegradable product to be harmless. Some harmful compounds take much longer to degrade than others and the product can harm the environment while it is rotting. Biodegradation may also be incomplete, sometimes leavingresidues in the environment which are more harmful than the original substance. Accumulation in the environment of nonbiodegradable (or poorly biodegradable) substances, such as some biocides, can cause serious problems. (Source: VCN) natuurlijke balans English: balance of nature English definition: The condition of equilibrium among the components of a natural community such that their relative numbers remain fairly constant and their ecosystem is stable. Gradual readjustments to the composition of a balanced community take place continually in response to natural ecological succession and to alterations in climatic and other influences. By removing or introducing plants or animals, by polluting the environment, by destroying habitats and by rapidly increasing their own numbers, humans can cause major changes, some of which may be irreversible. (Source: ALL) natuurlijke drijfkracht English: natural dynamics natuurlijke fauna English: wild fauna English definition: Not domesticated animals living independently of man. (Source: CED) natuurlijke hulpbronnen English: natural resource English definition: A feature or component of the natural environment that is of value in serving human needs, e.g. soil, water, plantlife, wildlife, etc. Some natural resources have an economic value (e.g. timber) while others have a 'noneconomic' value (e.g. scenic beauty). (Source: UNUN) natuurlijke hulpbronnen; natuurlijke hulpbronn; hulpbronnen; hulpbron English: natural resources; natural resource; resource; resources English definition: Any component of the environment that can be utilized by an organism. (Source: LBC) natuurlijke materiaal English: natural material natuurlijke meststof English: natural fertiliser English definition: Organic material added to the soil to supply chemical elements needed for plant nutrition. (Source: MGH) natuurlijke omgeving English: natural environment English definition: The complex of atmospheric, geological and biological characteristics found in an area in the absence of artifacts or influences of a well developed technological, human culture. (Source: LANDY) natuurlijke processen English: natural dynamics natuurlijke radioactiviteit English: natural radioactivity English definition: Radiation stemming mainly from uranium, present in small amounts in many rocks, soils, building material, etc. (Source: BRACK) natuurlijke regeneratie English: natural regeneration English definition: The replacement by an organism of tissues or organs which have been lost or severely injured. (Source: MGH) natuurlijke rijkdommen van de zee English: living marine resource natuurmonument English: natural monument English definition: A natural/cultural feature which is of outstanding or unique value because of its inherent rarity, representative of aesthetic qualities or cultural significance. Guidance for selection of a natural monument is: a) The area should contain one or more features of outstanding significance (appropriate natural features include spectacular waterfalls, caves, craters, fossil beds, sand dunes and marine features, along with unique or representative fauna and flora; associated cultural features might include cave dwellings, cliff-top forts, archaeological sites, or natural sites which have heritage significance to indigenous peoples).; b) The area should be large enough to protect the integrity of the feature and its immediately related surroundings. (Source: AERG) natuurpark English: natural park English definition: A designation of project lands which preserves natural resources for their scientific, scenic, cultural and/or educational value by limiting development and management practices. Land managed to protect rare and endangered species of flora and fauna will be designed as natural areas. (Source: LANDY) natuurramp English: natural disaster English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change in the environment without cause from human activity, due to phenomena such as floods, earthquakes, fire and hurricanes. (Source: Unesco-Unep) natuurreservaat English: nature reserve English definition: Areas allocated to preserve and protect certain animals and plants, or both. They differ from national park, which are largely a place for public recreation, because they are provided exclusively to protect species for their own sake. Endangered species are increasingly being kept in nature reserves to prevent them from extinction, particularly in India, Indonesia and some African countries. Natural reserves were used once to preserve the animals that landowners hunted, but, in the 19th century, they became places where animals were kept to prevent them from dying out. Special refuges and sanctuaries are also often designated to protect certain species or groups of wild animals or plants, especially if their numbers and distribution have been significantly reduced. They also serve as a place for more plentiful species to rest, breed or winter. Many parts of the world also have marine and aquatic reserves to protect different species of sea or freshwater plant and animal life. (Source: WRIGHT) natuurreservaat van de staat English: state biological reserve English definition: An area of land and/or of water designated as having protected status for purposes of preserving certain biological features. Reserves are managed primarily to safeguard these features and provide opportunities for research into the problems underlying the management of natural sites and of vegetation and animal populations. Regulations are normally imposed controlling public access and disturbance. (Source: GOOD) natuursteen English: natural stone English definition: A gemstone that occurs in nature, as distinguished from a man-made substitute. (Source: BJGEO) natuurvezel English: natural fibre English definition: A textile fiber of mineral, plant or animal origin. (Source: MGH) natuurwaarde English: natural value natuurwetenschappen English: natural science English definition: The branches of science dealing with objectively measurable phenomena pertaining to the transformation and relationships of energy and matter; includes biology, physics, and chemistry. (Source: MGH) natuurwetenschappen English: physical science English definition: The sciences concerned with nonliving matter, energy, and the physical properties of the universe, such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, and geology. (Source: CED) naverbranding English: afterburning English definition: An afterburner is a gadget fitted to the exhaust flues of furnaces and also to the exhaust systems of motor vehicles. They remove polluting gases and particles, which are the result of incompletely combusted fuel, by incineration and break down other chemical molecules associated with combustion into inert chemicals. (Source: WRIGHT) navigatiegevaar English: navigational hazard English definition: Any obstacle encountered by a vessel in route posing risk or danger to the vessel, its contents or the environment. (Source: OED) nederzetting English: human settlement English definition: Cities, towns, villages, and other concentrations of human populations which inhabit a given segment or area of the environment. Human settlements are associated with numerous and complex environmental, pollution, and living condition problems for planning and management. (Source: UNUN) nederzetting in het platteland English: rural settlement English definition: A collection of dwellings located in a rural area. (Source: CEDa) neergeslagen deeltje English: deposited particulate matter neerslag English: atmospheric precipitation English definition: The settling out of water from cloud in the form of dew, rain, hail, snow, etc. (Source: ALL) neerslag English: precipitation (chemical) English definition: The process of producing a separable solid phase within a liquid medium; represents the formation of a new condensed phase, such as a vapour or gas condensing to liquid droplets; a new solid phase gradually precipitates within a solid alloy as a result of slow, inner chemical reaction; in analytical chemistry, precipitation is used to separate a solid phase in an aqueous solution. (Source: MGH) neerslagbevordering English: precipitation enhancement English definition: Increase of precipitation resulting from changes in the colloidal stability of clouds. This can be either intentional, as with cloud seeding, or unintentional, as with air pollution, which increases aerosol concentrations and reduces sunlight. (Source: PARCOR) nesten bouwen English: nesting English definition: The building of nests for egg laying and rearing of offspring. (Source: AMHER) nestgebied English: nesting area English definition: A place where birds gather to lay eggs. (Source: RRDA) netting-beleid English: netting policy (emissions trading) English definition: All emission sources in the same area that are owned or controlled by a single company are treated as one large source, thereby allowing flexibility in controlling individual sources in order to meet a single emissions standard. (Source: EPAGLO) netto grondstofvermindering English: net resource depletion English definition: The total decrease in the amount of natural materials available for use by humans and other living beings. (Source: RHW / APD) neurotoxiciteit English: neurotoxicity English definition: The occurrence of adverse effects on a nervous system following exposure to a chemical. (Source: KOREN) neutraliseren English: neutralisation English definition: To make a solution neutral by adding a base to an acidic solution, or an acid to a basic solution. (Source: MGH) nevel English: haze English definition: Reduced visibility in the air as a result of condensed water vapour, dust, etc., in the atmosphere. (Source: CED) nevenproduct English: by-product English definition: A product from a manufacturing process that is not considered the principal material. (Source: MGH) niet biologisch afbreekbare verontreinigende stof English: non-biodegradable pollutant English definition: An organic compound, usually synthetic, that is not decomposed or mineralized by microorganisms or other biological processes. (Source: FFD) niet goed afbreekbare organisch verontreinigende stoffen English: persistant organic pollutant English definition: Organic pollutants that do not break down chemically and remain in the environment. Pollutants with higher persistence may produce more harmful environmental effects. (Source: LANDYa) niet in mijn achtertuin-houding English: NIMBY aptitude English definition: Not In My BackYard: phrase used to describe people who encourage the development of agriculture land for building houses or factories, provided it is not near where they themselves are living. (Source: PHC) niet verontreinigde deel van de atmosfeer English: clean air area English definition: Areas where significant reductions in ozone forming pollutants have been achieved throughindustrial initiatives to control and/or prevent pollution, through implementation of transportation improvement plans, national efforts to reduce automobile tailpipe emissions and lower the volatility (evaporation rate) of gasoline. (Source: CIHUNT) niet-conventionele energie English: non-conventional energy English definition: Energy that is renewable and ecologically safe, such as tidal power, wind power, etc. (Source: PHC) niet-gouvernementele organisatie English: non-governmental organisation English definition: Private, voluntary, non-profit organisations, acting as pressure groups. Throughout the world there are more than 5.000 international NGOs which are concerned with the environment and development, with millions of supporters. (Source: WRIGHT) niet-hernieuwbare energiebronnen English: non-renewable energy resource English definition: Non-renewable resources have been built up or evolved over a geological time-span and cannot be used without depleting the stock and raising questions of ultimate exhaustibility, since their rate of formation is so slow as to be meaningless in terms of the human life-span. (Source: GOOD) niet-hernieuwbare hulpbronnen English: non-renewable resource English definition: A natural resource which, in terms of human time scales, is contained within the Earth in a fixed quantity and therefore can be used once only in the foreseeable future (although it may be recycled after its first use). This includes the fossil fuels and is extended to include mineral resources and sometimes ground water, although water and many minerals are renewed eventually. (Source: ALL) niet-ioniserende straling English: non-ionising radiation English definition: Radiation that does not change the structure of atoms but does heat tissue and may cause harmful biological effects. (Source: LEE) niet-metalen English: non-metal English definition: A nonmetallic element, such as arsenic or silicon, that has some of the properties of a metal. (Source: CED) niet-metallisch mineraal English: non-metallic mineral English definition: Minerals containing non-metals, such as quartz, garnet, etc. (Source: RRDA) niet-vervuilende brandstof English: non-polluting fuel English definition: Clean fuel that does not release polluting emissions in the environment, such as methane. (Source: RRDA) niet-vervuilende energiebron English: non-polluting energy source English definition: Energy that is ecologically safe and renewable. The most widely used source is hydroelectric power, which currently supplies some 6.6% of the world's energy needs. Other non-polluting sources are solar energy, tidal energy, wave energy and wind energy. Most non-polluting energy sources require a high capital investment but have low running costs. (Source: GILP96 / UVAROV) niet-vluchtige stof English: non-volatile substance English definition: Substance that is not capable of changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour. (Source: CEDa) nieuw materiaal English: new material English definition: Novel high-performance materials obtained through the interdisciplinary research of chemistry, applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering. (Source: CMKYUa) nieuw voedingsmiddel English: novel food English definition: Genetically engineered foods. Novel foods, including those altered using biotechnology, should not differ 'significantly' from thefoods they are to replace. Labels should not be misleading, but must make clear any differences between the novel food and its 'conventional' alternative, and must say how that difference was achieved. Foods containing a genetically modified living organism, such as a live yogurt made with an altered culture, would always be labelled. Any food whose modification might raise moral or health worries to consumers would also have to carry a label. This would include genes from an animal considered unclean by some religions, or from a plant that might cause allergic reactions. However, foods which, although made using novel methods, are identical to conventional foods, would nothave to be labelled. (Source: MOND) nieuwe gemeenschap English: new community English definition: A sociopolitical, religious, occupational or other group of common characteristics and interests formed as an alternative to social, and often residential, options currently available. (Source: RHW) nieuwe gemeente English: new town English definition: Any of several recent urban developments that constitute small and essentially self-sufficient cities with a planned ordering of residential, industrial, and commercial development. (Source: WEBSTE) nieuwe installatie English: new installation English definition: A device, system, or piece of equipment that has been recently installed. (Source: CED) nieuwe technologie English: new technology English definition: Electronic instruments and devices which have recently been developed and are been introduced into industry. New technologies have been introduced often in almost total ignorance or disregard of the biological and ecological systems that they subsequently disturb, and of the dynamic and evolving nature of living systems. (Source: PHC / WPR) nieuwsbrief English: newsletter English definition: A printed periodical bulletin circulated to members of a group. (Source: CED) nieuwsgroep English: newsgroup English definition: A discussion group on a specific topic maintained on a computer network, frequently on the Internet. (Source: ISEP / WIC) nijverheid, industrie English: industry nikkel English: nickel English definition: A malleable ductile silvery-white metallic element that is strong and corrosion-resistant, occurring principally in pentlandite and niccolite: used in alloys, especially in toughening steel, in electroplating, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis. (Source: CED) nitraat English: nitrate English definition: Any salt or ester of nitric acid, such as sodium nitrate. (Source: CED) nitrieten English: nitrite English definition: A salt or ester of nitric acid, included in compounds such as potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite and butyl nitrite. (Source: RHW) nitrificatie English: nitrification English definition: The process by which ammonia compounds, including man-made fertilizer and the humus provided by organic matter or plant and animal origin, are converted into nitrites and then nitrates, which are then absorbed as a nutrient by crops. Excess nitrate can be leached into surface waters and groundwaters, causing pollution. Excess nitrate may also be converted by microbes back into gaseous nitrogen, which is an important greenhouse gas, and released back into the atmosphere. The ultimate source of nitrogen in the ecosystem is the molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere. To a very limited extent, some dissolves in water. However, none is found in rock. (Source: WRIGHT) nitrosamine English: nitrosamine English definition: Any one of a class of neutral, usually yellow oily compounds containing the divalent group = NNO. (Source: CED) NOEL English: NOEL English definition: Acronym for No Observed Effects Level. (Source: KOREN) nomade English: nomad English definition: 1) A member of a people or tribe who move from place to place to find pasture and food.2) Nomads include gypsies, desert tribes such as the Bedouin and the many primitive tribes in the Americas, Asia and Australia. Herding survives as a way of life around the Sahara, in the Middle East, in Asia as far east as western India, and in the Asian parts of the USSR. The end of pastoral nomadism would be regrettable not merely on account of the independence and distinctiveness of this way of life but because this type of economy may be a more rational means of raising large numbers of animals under arid conditions than is capital-intensive ranching. (Source: CED / WPR) nomenclatuur English: nomenclature English definition: A system of names or terms, particularly those related to a specific area of science or art, or the assignment of names to things. (Source: OED) non-ferro metaalnijverheid English: non-ferrous metal industry English definition: Industry that deals with the processing of metals other than iron and iron-base alloys. (Source: MGH) non-ferro metalen English: non-ferrous metal English definition: Any metal other than iron and its alloys. (Source: MGH) noodhulp English: emergency relief English definition: Money, food or other assistance provided for those surviving a sudden and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action, especially an incident of potential harm to human life, property or the environment. (Source: RHW) noodhulpmaatregel English: emergency relief measure noodonderkomen English: emergency shelter English definition: Shelter given to persons who are deprived of the essential needs of life following a disaster. (Source: GUNNa) noodplan English: emergency plan English definition: Program of procedures to be undertaken in the event of a sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action, especially an incident of potential harm to human life, property or the environment. (Source: RHW) noodwet English: emergency law Noord- en Zuid-Amerika English: Americas English definition: The landmasses and islands of North America, South America, Mexico, and Central America included in the Western Hemisphere. (Source: AMHER) Noord-Afrika English: North Africa English definition: A geographic region of the African continent south of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, and north of Africa's tropical rain forest, including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and the Egyptian region west of the Suez Canal, and also the Sahara Desert and Atlas Mountains. (Source: RHW / INP) Noord-Amerika English: North America English definition: A continent in the northern half of the western hemisphere, bounded by the Arctic Ocean in the north, by the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea in the west, and by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico in the east, connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama, and including the United States, Canada, Mexico and several small island nations. (Source: INP) Noordatlantische Oceaan English: North Atlantic Ocean English definition: The northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, extending northward from the equator to the Arctic Ocean. (Source: AMHER) Noordelijke Stille Oceaan English: North Pacific Ocean English definition: An ocean north of the equator between the eastern coast of Asia and the western coasts of the Americas, extending northward to the arctic region, with principal arms including the Gulf of Alaska, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan and the Bering, Yellow, East China, South China and Philippine seas, and islands including the Aleutian, Midway, Marshall and Hawaiian islands, the Japanese island arc and the Malay Archipelago. (Source: INP) Noord-Zuidbetrekkingen English: North-South relationship English definition: The connections, associations or involvement of developed nations, found predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere, with developing nations, found predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere. (Source: UIA) norm English: norm English definition: An established standard, guide, or regulation. A principle or regulation set up by authority, prescribing or directing action or forbearance; as the rules of a legislative body, of a company, court, public office, of the law, of ethics. (Source: WESTS) norm English: standard English definition: 1) Something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison.2) An object regarded as the most common size or form of its kind.3) A rule or principle that is used as a basis for judgment.4) An average or normal quality, quantity, or level. normalisatie English: normalisation nucleair gevaar English: nuclear risk English definition: A risk connected to the functioning of nuclear power plants, by the storage or transportation of radioactive materials and involving the release of potentially dangerous levels of radioactive materials into the environment. (Source: FEMAa) nucleair onderzoekscentrum English: nuclear research centre English definition: A facility in which scientists and other researchers study the behavior and characteristics of atomic nuclei through testing and other forms of experimentation, often to invent new technology with scientific, medical and industrial purposes. (Source: RAD / MHD) nucleaire installatie English: nuclear facility English definition: A place, including buildings, where all the activities relating to nuclear research are performed. (Source: CAMB) nucleaire veiligheid English: nuclear safety English definition: Measures and techniques implemented to reduce the possibility of incidence and the potential harm posed by radioactive substances used as an energy source, a test material or in weaponry. (Source: MHD) nucleinezuur English: nucleic acid English definition: Any of several organic acids combined with proteins (DNA or RNA) which exist in the nucleus and protoplasm of all cells. (Source: PHC) nutrient English: nutrient English definition: Chemical elements which are involved in the construction of living tissue and which are needed by both plant and animal. The most important in terms of bulk are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with other essential ones including nitrogen, potassium, calcium, sulphur and phosphorus. (Source: WRIGHT) nutrientenkringloop English: nutrient cycle English definition: A biogeochemical cycle, in which inorganic nutrients move through the soil, living organisms, air and water or through some of these. (Source: ALL2) nutsbedrijf English: public service English definition: An enterprise concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water. (Source: CED) nutsbedrijf English: public utility English definition: An enterprise concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water. (Source: CED) nutsbedrijven English: services English definition: The carrying out of work for which there is a constant public demand by the provision of labor and the utilization of tools. (Source: OED) nutsfunctie English: public function English definition: Activity carried out for the benefit of the community. (Source: NDGIUR) nuttig organisme English: beneficial organism English definition: Any pollinating insect, or any pest predator, parasite, pathogen or other biological control agent which functions naturally or as part of an integrated pest management program to control another pest. (Source: LEE) observatiepost English: observatory (in general) English definition: Any building or structure providing an extensive view of its surroundings. (Source: CED) observatiesatelliet English: observation satellite English definition: Man-made device that orbits the earth, receiving, processing and transmitting signals and generating images such as weather pictures. (Source: PHC) oceaan English: ocean English definition: The mass of water occupying all of the Earth's surface not occupied by land, but excluding all lakes and inland seas. (Source: WHIT) oceaancirculatie English: ocean circulation English definition: Water current flow in a closed circular pattern within an ocean. (Source: MGH) oceaanklimaat English: oceanic climate English definition: A regional climate which is under the predominant influence of the sea, that is, a climate characterized by oceanity; the antithesis of a continental climate. (Source: MGH) oceaanmonding English: ocean outfall English definition: The mouth or outlet of a river, drain, sewer or any other place at which drainage or wastewater is discharged into a body of oceanic water. (Source: OED) oceaanstroming English: ocean current English definition: A net transport of ocean water along a definable path. (Source: MGH) oceaantemperatuur English: ocean temperature English definition: A measure, referenced to a standard value, of the heat or coldness in a body of oceanic water. (Source: RHW) Oceanie English: Oceania English definition: The islands of the southern, western and central Pacific Ocean, including Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The term is sometimes extended to encompass Australia, New Zealand, and the Malay Archipelago. (Source: AMHER) oceanografie English: oceanography English definition: The scientific study and exploration of the oceans and seas in all their aspects. (Source: MGH) oceanografie riviermonding English: estuarine oceanography English definition: The study of the physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics of a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water. (Source: MHE / APD) octrooi English: patent English definition: A grant of right to exclude others from making, using or selling one's invention and includes right to license others to make, use or sell it. (Source: BLACK) oerbos English: primary forest English definition: Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) oestercultuur English: oyster farming English definition: There are two types of oyster farming: suspension culture, in which oysters are grown off bottom, in floating trays, is a labor-intensive form of cultivation that requires continuous tending and cleaning of both gear and shellfish, and bottom culture, which is similar to conventional crop farming on land; it involves selecting areas of the sea floor that provide a natural food supply, necessary currents, minimum exposure to predators, and proper temperature and then 'seeding' the bottom with shellfish stock that are left to grow to market size. Then they are harvested with a bottom drag from a boat. Both suspension culture and bottom culture depend on natural food supplies for growing the shellfish being raised. (Source: MSTF) oevervegetatie; rivieroevervegetatie English: riverside vegetation English definition: Plants growing in areas adjacent to rivers and streams. (Source: EPAGLO) officiele hoorzitting English: official hearing English definition: Proceedings of relative formality, with definite issues of fact or of law to be tried, in which witnesses are heard and parties proceeded against have right to be heard. (Source: WESTS) olfactometrie English: olfactometry English definition: The testing and measurement of the sensitivity of the sense of smell. (Source: WEBSTE) olie- en vettenindustrie English: oil and fat industry English definition: Industry for the production and processing of edible oils and fats. (Source: RRDA) olie in kleilagen English: oil shale English definition: A kerogen-bearing, finely laminated brown or black sedimentary rock that will yield liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons on distillation. (Source: BJGEO) oliebezinksel English: olive oil mill wastewater English definition: Aqueous residue deriving from the process of oil extraction from olives; it is composed of the olive-combined water and of the water used in the extraction and washing processes. It also contains a certain percentage of mineral compounds and of organic substances that are only partially biodegradable. (Source: UIB / FLGISAa) oliebindende stof English: oil binding agent English definition: Highly absorbent agents used for physically removing spilled oil in case of leakages and oil accidents occurring in water bodies, industry, work-shops, on roads, etc. Materials that have been found useful for this service vary from simple, naturally occurring materials such as straw, sawdust, and peat to synthetic agents, such as polyurethane foam and polystyrene powder. (Source: FUNKE / PZ) olieboringen op zee English: offshore oil drilling English definition: The act or process of extracting petroleum from deposits underlying the floor of the ocean or some other large body of water. (Source: ENC) olielozing English: oil spill English definition: The accidental release of oil, or other petroleum products usually into freshwater or marine ecosystems, and usually in large quantities. It can be controlled by chemical dispersion, combustion, mechanical containment, and absorption. (Source: RRDA / LANDYa) olie-opslagterrein English: tank farm English definition: Storage space for containers of liquids or gases. (Source: RRDA) oliepijpleiding English: oil pipeline English definition: A line of pipe connected to valves and other control devices, for conducting oil. (Source: MGH) olieproductie English: oil production (chain) English definition: The petroleum industry is a complex industry utilizing complex combination of interdependent operations engaged in the storage and transportation, separation of crude molecular constituents, molecular cracking, molecular rebuilding and solvent finishing to produce petrochemical products. Treatment may involve oil separation, precipitation, adsorption, and biological treatment. The refining operations can be divided into four major steps: separation, conversion, treating, and blending. The crude oil is first separated into selected fractions (gasoline, kerosine, fuel oil, etc.). Some of the less valuable products such as heavy naphtha, are converted to products with a greater sale value such as gasoline. The final step is the blending of the refined base stocks with each other and various additive to meet final product specifications. The major pollutants emitted are sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and malodorous materials. (Source: PZ) olieraffinaderij English: oil refinery English definition: System of process units used to convert crude petroleum into fuels, lubricants, and other petroleum-derived products. (Source: MGH) olieraffinage English: oil refining English definition: The separation of petroleum mixtures into their component parts. (Source: ZINZAN) olietanker English: oil tanker English definition: A very large ship which carries crude oil or other petroleum products in big tanks. (Source: MGH) olievervuiling English: oil pollution English definition: Contamination of any ecosystem, but usually of freshwater or marine ecosystems, by oil or other petroleum products. (Source: ISEP) omgekeerde osmose English: reverse osmosis English definition: A method of obtaining pure water from water containing a salt, as in desalination. Pure water and the salt water are separated by a semipermeable membrane and the pressure of the salt water is raised above the osmotic pressure, causing water from the brine to pass through the membrane into the pure water. This process requires a pressure of some 25 atmospheres, which makes it difficult to apply on a large scale. (Source: DICCHE) omgevingsgeluid English: environmental noise English definition: The sound and the characteristics of sounds from all sources in the surrounding environment. (Source: CONFER) omgevingsgeluid English: neighbourhood noise English definition: General noise from a local source (such as the noise of a factory) which is disturbing to people living in the area. (Source: PHC) omgewaaide bomen English: windfall English definition: 1) Falling of old trees in a forest caused by a storm or strong wind. It plays an important role in the spontaneous regeneration of forest ecosystems.2) A plot of land covered with trees blown down by the wind. (Source: RAMADE / CED) omkeringslaag English: inversion layer English definition: The atmosphere layer through which an inversion occurs. (Source: MGH) omzetting richtlijn English: transposition of directive onbebouwd gebied English: non-built-up area English definition: Areas which are not intensely developed for housing, commerce, industry, etc. (Source: LANDY) onbehandeld water English: raw water English definition: Water that has not been treated. (Source: PHC) onbepaald rechtsbegrip English: indefinite legal concept English definition: A condition or extent of time in a government enforced contract, instrument or agreement that lacks precision, distinguishing characteristics or fixed boundaries. (Source: BLD) onchocerciasis English: onchocerciasis English definition: Infection with the filaria Onchocerca volvulus; results in skin tumours, papular dermatitis, and ocular complications. (Source: MGH) oncologie English: oncology English definition: The study of the causes, development, characteristics, and treatment of tumors. (Source: MGH) onder druk staand gebied English: area under stress English definition: Areas that are flooded by rising number of tourists or other kinds of pressure and suffer from insufficient or inappropriate planning and management. Damage frequently arises from a lack of understanding or interest of the value of such sites. (Source: WPR) onder toezicht staande jachtzone English: controlled hunting zone English definition: An administered geographic area in which the pursuit, capture and killing of wild animals for food or sport, is allowed, often with certain restrictions or regulations. (Source: ISEP / RHW) onderbelasting van een elektriciteitscentrale English: power station derating English definition: The process by which a power plant is finally taken out of operation. (Source: ECHO1a) onderdak English: lodging English definition: Provision of accommodation for rest or for residence in a room or rooms or in a dwelling place. (Source: OED) onderdeel van de atmosfeer English: atmospheric component English definition: The Earth's atmosphere consists by volume of nitrogen (79,1%), oxygen (20,9%), carbon dioxide (about 0,03%) and traces of the noble gases (argon, krypton, xenon, helium) plus water vapour, traces of ammonia, organic matter, ozone, various salts and suspended solid particles. (Source: ALL) onderdrukking English: repression English definition: The act, as by power or authority, of arresting or inhibiting the communication of ideas or facts as expressed in a practice, movement, publication or piece of evidence in a court proceeding. (Source: OED) ondergrond English: subsoil English definition: Soil underlying surface soil, devoid of plant roots. (Source: MGH / ZINZAN) ondergrondse groeve English: underground quarry English definition: Quarry located below the surface of the earth. (Source: CAMB) ondergrondse lozing English: underground disposal English definition: The discharge, dumping or emission of wastes below the surface of the soil. (Source: RHW) ondergrondse opslag English: underground storage English definition: Storage located underground designed to hold gasoline or other petroleum products or chemical solutions. (Source: LEE) ondergrondse opslag English: underground dump English definition: Any subterranean or below-ground site in which solid, or other, waste is deposited without environmental controls. (Source: TOE) onderhandelbare heffingen English: negotiable charge onderhoud (technisch) English: maintenance (technical) English definition: The upkeep of industrial facilities and equipment. (Source: MGH) onderneming English: undertaking business English definition: Any commercial activity, position or site associated with the preparation of the dead for burial and the management and arrangement of funerals. (Source: RHW) ondernemingen English: firm English definition: A commercial partnership of two or more persons, especially when incorporated. (Source: AMHER) ondernemingsbeleid English: company policy English definition: Official guidelines or set of guidelines adopted by a company for the management of its activity. (Source: RRDA) ondernemingsbeleid English: business policy English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy or course of action for an enterprise or company organized for commercial purposes. (Source: RHW) ondernemingsstructuur English: company structure English definition: The type of organization of a company. Three kinds of structure are usually recognized: centralized, formal or hierarchical. (Source: ECONSK) onderverdeling van de zeebodem English: benthic division English definition: The bottom of a body of water often occupied by benthos. (Source: GILP96) ondervoeding English: malnutrition English definition: Defective nutrition due to inadequate intake of nutrients or to their faulty digestion, assimilation or metabolism. (Source: MGH) onderwater uitlaat English: underwater outlet English definition: Point of water disposal located below the sea surface. (Source: LANDYa) onderwerp English: subject onderwijs English: education English definition: The act or process of imparting or acquiring knowledge or skills. (Source: RHW) onderwijs English: teaching English definition: The act of imparting knowledge or skill. (Source: RRDA) onderwijsbeleid English: education policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which promotes or determines the goals, methods and programs to be used for training, instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning and judgment. (Source: RHW) onderwijsinstelling English: educational institution English definition: An organization or establishment devoted to the act or process of imparting or acquiring knowledge or skills. (Source: RHW) onderwijsmateriaal English: teaching material English definition: An article or device used to facilitate the learning process in an instructional setting. (Source: RHW) onderwijsmethode English: teaching method English definition: A procedure, technique or system with definite plans for instruction or imparting knowledge. (Source: RHW) onderwijsplanning English: educational planning English definition: The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the training, instruction or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning and judgment. (Source: RHW) onderwijssysteem English: educational system English definition: Any formulated, regular or special organization of instruction, training or knowledge disclosure, especially the institutional structures supporting that endeavor. (Source: ISEP / OED) onderzees English: submarine onderzoek English: research English definition: Scientific investigation aimed at discovering and applying new facts, techniques and natural laws. (Source: MGH) onderzoek English: research onderzoek aan het ecosysteem English: ecosystem research English definition: Study of the ways in which plants, animals, and microbes interact with each other and with their physical environment and of the processes involving the circulation, transformation and accumulation of both matter, especially nutrient materials, and energy. (Source: CULTER / PARCORa) onderzoek aan uitgestoten gassen English: waste gas examination English definition: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaust gases emitted from vehicles, industrial plants, etc. in order to asses their composition. (Source: RRDA) onderzoek effect op miliehygiene English: environmental health impact assessment English definition: Assessment of impacts caused by an action on the health conditions of a population. (Source: RRDA) onderzoek naar de bereidheid tot betalen English: willingness-to-pay analysis onderzoek naar de effecten English: research of the effects English definition: Investigation carried out to assess the results deriving from an action or condition; general term applying to many different fields. (Source: RRDA) onderzoek naar het algemene nut (van ...) English: public benefit inquiry English definition: An investigation, especially a formal one conducted into a matter of public utility by a body constituted for that purpose by a government, local authority, or other organization. (Source: CED) onderzoek, wetenschappen English: research, sciences onderzoeksbeleid English: research policy onderzoekscentrum English: research centre English definition: Place where systematic investigation to establish facts or principles or to collect information on a subject is performed. (Source: CEDa) onderzoeksproject English: research project English definition: Proposal, plan or design containing the necessary information and data for conducting a specific survey. (Source: CEDa) ondoordringbaar struikgewas English: maquis English definition: A low evergreen shrub formation, usually found on siliceous soils in the Mediterranean lands where winter rainfall and summer drought are the characteristic climate features. It consists of a profusion of aromatic species, such as lavender, myrtle, oleander and rosemary and often includes abundant spiny shrubs. It has been suggested that the maquis is a secondary vegetation, occupying the lands cleared of their natural evergreen oak forests by human activity. (Source: WHIT) ongecontroleerde storting English: uncontrolled dump English definition: Place where waste is left on the ground and not buried in a hole. (Source: PHC) ongedierte English: vermin English definition: Small animals and insects that can be harmful and which are difficult to control when they appear in large numbers. (Source: CAMB) ongeval English: accident English definition: An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. (Source: TOE / HMD) ongewervelde dieren English: invertebrate English definition: Any animal lacking a backbone, including all species not classified as vertebrates. (Source: CED) onkruid English: weed English definition: Any plant that grows wild and profusely, especially one that grows among cultivated plants, depriving them of space, food, etc. (Source: CED) onkruidbestrijding English: weed control English definition: Freeing an area of land from weeds by several means, such as herbicides, tillage, burning, mowing, and crop competition. (Source: RRDA) on-linedienst(verlening) English: on-line service English definition: Service providing an active connection with a communications network. (Source: DBMDE) onomkeerbaarheid van het verschijnsel English: irreversibility of the phenomenon English definition: That quality of a process that precludes a prior state from being attained again. (Source: MICHa) onoplosbare stof English: insoluble substance English definition: Substance incapable of forming a solution, especially in water. (Source: CED) onrechtmatige daad English: wrongful act English definition: An act contrary to the rules of natural or legal justice. (Source: CURZON) onrechtmatige overheidsdaad English: wrongful government act English definition: A deed performed by a government official or agent in exercise of police, constitutional, legislative, administrative or judicial powers that infringes upon the rights of another and causes damage, without protecting an equal or superior right. (Source: BLD) ontbossing English: deforestation English definition: The removal of forest and undergrowth to increase the surface of arable land or to use the timber for construction or industrial purposes. Forest and its undergrowth possess a very high water-retaining capacity, inhibiting runoff of rainwater. (Source: GILP) ontbossing English: forest cover destruction English definition: Destruction of forests is carried out in many countries in order to provide new land for agricultural or livestock purposes. It is often done without factors such as climate and topography having been sufficiently studied and on lands where slope nature of the soil or other physiographic characteristics clearly indicate that the land involved is suitable only for forest. Although these practices may lead to a temporary increase in productivity, there are also many indications that in the long run there is usually a decrease in productivity per unit of surface and that erosion and irreversible soil deterioration often accompany this process. Many factors contribute to forest cover destruction: timber production, clearance for agriculture, cutting for firewood and charcoal, fires, droughts, strip mining, pollution, urban development, population pressures, and warfare. (Source: WPR) ontchloring English: dechlorination English definition: Removal of chlorine from a substance. (Source: MGH) onteigening English: expropriation English definition: To deprive an owner of property, especially by taking it for public use. (Source: CED) ontgassing van een afvalstortplaats English: landfill degasification English definition: Landfill gas is highly dangerous as methane is highly explosive; therefore it must be controlled at all operational landfill sites, whether by active or passive ventilation or both especially in the case of deep sites. There exist venting systems for shallow and deep sites respectively. (Source: PORT) ontgifting English: detoxification English definition: The act or process of removing a poison or the toxic properties of a substance in the body. (Source: MGH) ontginning van de landbouwgrond English: cultivation of agricultural land English definition: Cultivation of land for the production of plant crops. Agricultural land may be employed in an unimproved state with few, if any, management inputs (extensive rangeland), or in an intensively managed state with annual inputs of fertilizer, pest, control treatments, and tillage. (Source: DUNSTE) ontharden English: softening English definition: Reduction of the hardness of water by removing hardness-forming ions (chiefly calcium and magnesium) by precipitation or ion exchange, or sequestering them as by combining them with substances such as certain phosphates, that form soluble but non-ionized salts. (Source: BJGEO) ontheemde English: displaced person English definition: Persons who, for different reasons or circumstances, have been compelled to leave their homes. (Source: GUNN) ontogenese English: ontogenesis English definition: The entire sequence of events involved in the development of an individual organism. (Source: CED) ontploffing English: explosion English definition: A violent, sudden release of energy resulting from powders or gases undergoing instantaneous ignition or from some other means of detonation, often accompanied by a force producing great amounts of heat, major structural damages, shock waves and flying shrapnel. (Source: HMD) ontsmetting English: decontamination English definition: The removing of chemical, biological, or radiological contamination from, or the neutralizing of it on a person, object, or area. (Source: LANDY) ontsmetting English: disinfection English definition: The complex of physical, chemical or mechanical operations undertaken to destroy pathogenic germs. (Source: CED / ZINZAN) ontsmetting English: fumigation English definition: The use of a chemical compound in a gaseous state to kill insects, nematodes, arachnids, rodents, weeds, and fungi in confined or inaccessible locations; also used to control weeds, nematodes, and insects in the field. (Source: MGH) ontsmettingsmiddel English: disinfectant English definition: An agent, such as heat, radiation, or a chemical, that disinfects by destroying, neutralizing, or inhibiting the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms. (Source: AMHER) ontspanning English: recreation English definition: Activities that promote refreshment of health or spirits by relaxation and enjoyment. (Source: CED) ontspanning, recreatie,toerisme English: recreation, tourism ontspanningsterrein English: recreational area English definition: A piece of publicly owned land, especially in a town, used for sports and games. (Source: CAMB) ontsteking English: infection English definition: The entry and development or multiplication of an infectious agent in the body of a living organism. (Source: KOREN) onttrekking van voedingsstoffen English: nutrient removal English definition: Elimination of nutrients as, for example, from sewage in order to prevent eutrophication of water in reservoirs. (Source: PHCa) ontvetten English: degreasing English definition: 1) Removing grease from wool with chemicals. 2) Removing grease from hides or skins in tanning by tumbling them in solvents. 3) Removing grease, oil, or fatty material from a metal surface with fumes from a hot solvent. (Source: MGH) ontwaterd slib English: dehydrated sludge English definition: Sludge whose water content has been reduced by physical means. (Source: LEEa) ontwerp English: design (project) English definition: A graphic representation, especially a detailed plan for construction or manufacture. (Source: AMHER) ontwerp English: project English definition: The complex of actions, which have a potential for resulting in a physical change in the environment. (Source: LANDY) ontwerpwetgeving English: draft legislation English definition: An initial unsigned agreement, treaty, or piece of legislation which is not yet in force. (Source: DICLAW) ontwikkelde landen English: developed country English definition: A nation possessing a relatively high degree of industrialization, infrastructure and other capital investment, sophisticated technology, widespread literacy and advanced living standards among its populations as a whole. (Source: UIA) ontwikkeling English: development English definition: Increasing the capacity to meet human needs and improve the quality of human life. (Source: JCU) ontwikkeling van de waterkant English: waterside development English definition: Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in waterfront areas. (Source: RHW) ontwikkeling waterbronnen English: water resources development ontwikkelingsgebied English: development area English definition: Area which has been given special help from a government to encourage business and factories to be set up there. (Source: PHC) ontwikkelingsgraad English: status of development English definition: The extent to which a society promotes human well-being in all dimensions of existence by forming people's capabilities, expanding choices and increasing opportunities. (Source: POP) ontwikkelingshulp English: development aid English definition: The economic assistance or other types of support provided to developing countries to promote or encourage advancement in living standards, institutions, infrastructure, agricultural practices and other aspects of an economy, and to resolve problems typically associated with developing countries. (Source: ODE) ontwikkelingslanden English: developing country English definition: A country whose people are beginning to utilize available resources in order to bring about a sustained increase in per capita production of goods and services. (Source: GREENW) ontwikkelingsmodel English: development model English definition: A description, representation, or conception of the economic advancement process of a region or people. (Source: ISEP / OED) ontwikkelingspatroon English: development pattern English definition: The combination of qualities, structures, acts and tendencies characterizing the economic and social growth of a community or human group. (Source: RHW) ontwikkelingsplan English: development plan English definition: The statement of local planning policies that each local planning authority is required by statute to maintain, and which can only be made or altered by following the procedures prescribed for that purpose, which include obligations to consult widely and to hold a public local inquiry into objections. The development plan includes: 1) the structure plan for the area (normally prepared by the country council); 2) an area-wide development plan for each district council area. (Source: GRAHAW) ontwikkelingsplanning English: development planning English definition: The act or process of formulating a course of action that promotes the economic advancement of a region or people, particularly in countries known to have low levels of economic productivity and technological sophistication. (Source: OED / WBG) ontwikkelingssamenwerking English: development co-operation ontzilting English: desalination English definition: Removal of salt, as from water or soil. (Source: MGH) ontzilting van water English: water desalination English definition: Any mechanical procedure or process where some or all of the salt is removed from water. (Source: LEE) ontziltingsinstallatie English: desalination plant English definition: 1) Plants for the extraction of fresh water from saltwater by the removal of salts, usually by distilling.2) Parts of the world with severe water shortages are looking to desalination plants to solve their problems. Desalination of water is still nearly four times more expensive than obtaining water from conventional sources. However technology is improving and costs are likely to decrease slightly in the future. There is now more interest in building distillation plants beside electric installations so that the waste heat from power generation can be used to drive the desalination process. (Source: ALL / WRIGHT) ontzouting van zeewater English: sea water desalination English definition: Removing salt from ocean or brackish water. (Source: LEE) ontzwaveling English: desulphurisation English definition: The removal of sulphur, as from molten metals or petroleum oil. Sulphur residues in fuels end up as sulphur dioxide when the fuel is burned causing acid rain. (Source: MGH) onvruchtbaar gebied English: arid land English definition: Lands characterized by low annual rainfall of less than 250 mm, by evaporation exceeding precipitation and a sparse vegetation. (Source: LBC) onweersbui English: thunderstorm English definition: A storm caused by strong rising air currents and characterized by thunder and lightning and usually heavy rain or hail. (Source: CED) onwettelijke vestiging English: squatter settlement English definition: Settlement on land or property to which there is no legal title. (Source: CEDa) oogst English: harvest English definition: The amount or measure of the crop gathered in a season. (Source: AMHER) oogst English: yield (agricultural) English definition: The accumulated volume or biomass remaining from gross production after accounting for losses due to respiration during production, herbivory, litterfall, and other factors that decrease the remaining available biomass. (Source: DUNSTE) oorlog English: war English definition: A conflict or a state of hostility between two or more parties, nations or states, in which armed forces or military operations are used. (Source: RHW) oorlogsslachtoffer English: war victim English definition: A person that suffers from the destructive action undertaken as a result of an armed conflict between two or more parties, particularly death, injury, hardship, loss of property or dislocation. (Source: RHW) oorwurmen English: earwig English definition: Any of various insects of the order Dermaptera, especially Forficula auricularia, which typically have an elongated body with small leathery forewings, semicircular membranous hindwings, and curved forceps at the tip of the abdomen. (Source: CED) oorzaak van een ongeluk English: accident source English definition: The cause or origin of an unexpected occurrence, failure or loss with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. (Source: OED / HMD) oorzaak-gevolg relatie English: cause-effect relation English definition: The relating of causes to the effects that they produce. (Source: UVAROV) Oost-Afrika English: East Africa English definition: A geographic region of the African continent that includes Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia and Somalia, and also Mt. Kilimanjaro and Lake Victoria. (Source: ENA / CIA) Oost-Azie English: Eastern Asia English definition: A geographic region of the Asian continent bordered by the Pacific Ocean in the east that includes China, Japan, Korea, Macao, Taiwan and Siberia. (Source: RHW) Oost-Europa English: Eastern Europe English definition: A geographic region of the European continent west of Asia and east of Germany and the Adriatic Sea, traditionally consisting of countries that were formerly part of the Soviet Union, such as Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Bulgaria. (Source: INP / CIA) Oost-West handel English: East-West trade English definition: Trade between countries and companies of the Western hemisphere with those of the Eastern hemisphere (usually referring to former Communist countries of Eastern Europe). Oost-West verhoudingen English: East-West relations op maat gemaakt chemisch product English: speciality chemical English definition: Various fine chemical products like glue, adhesives, resins, rubber, plastic compounds, selective herbicide, etc. (Source: ICBT) op olie gebaseerde energie English: oil-based energy English definition: Energy produced using oil as fuel. (Source: PHCa) opbergen kernafval English: nuclear power plant disposal opberging te land English: land disposal English definition: The discharge, deposit or injection of any waste onto or into the soil or other land surfaces. (Source: ISEP) opbrengst English: yield (economy) English definition: Profit or income created through an investment or a business transaction. open zee English: open sea English definition: The high seas lying outside the exclusive economic zones of states. All states have equal rights to navigate, to overfly, to lay submarine cables, to construct artificial islands, to fish, and to conduct scientific research within the high seas. (Source: GOOD) openbaar English: public English definition: The community or people in general or a part or section of the community grouped because of a common interest or activity. (Source: CED) openbaar bad English: public bath English definition: A place having baths for public use. (Source: CED) openbaar gebouw English: public building English definition: A building to which there is free access by the public and which is available for the use of a community. (Source: HARRISa / CEDa) openbaar ministerie English: public prosecutor's office English definition: A government agency for which an elected or appointed attorney or staff of attorneys is vested with the authority by a constitution or statute to try cases on the government's behalf, to represent public interest or to take legal action against persons violating federal, state or local laws. (Source: USC / LTM) openbaar onderzoek English: public inquiry English definition: An investigation, especially a formal one conducted into a matter of public utility by a body constituted for that purpose by a government, local authority, or other organization. (Source: CED) openbaar park English: public park English definition: Park with big trees, ornamental plants, alleys bordered by trees or bushes, fountains and statues situated in a town and whose access is free. (Source: ZINZAN) openbaar slachthuis; slachthuis; abattoir English: slaughterhouse English definition: A place where animals are butchered for food. (Source: CED) openbaar vervoer English: public transport English definition: The act or the means of conveying people in mass as opposed to conveyance in private vehicles. (Source: GOOD) openbaar vervoersmiddel English: public transport vehicle English definition: Vehicle for conveying large numbers of paying passengers from one place to another. (Source: RRDA) openbaar zeegebied English: public maritime domain English definition: eas or ocean areas owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations. (Source: BLD / RHW) openbaarheid English: right of access openbare aanklager English: public prosecutor English definition: An officer of government whose function is the prosecution of criminal actions, or suits partaking of the nature of criminal actions. (Source: WESTS) openbare administratieve instelling English: public institution of administrative nature English definition: Public institution for the management of administrative issues. (Source: ZINZANa) openbare discussie English: public discussion English definition: Consideration, commentary by argument or informal debate on some issue that is open and of concern to the general populace. (Source: RHW) openbare hoorzitting English: public hearing English definition: Right to appear and give evidence and also right to hear and examine witnesses whosetestimony is presented by opposing parties. (Source: BLACK) openbare instelling English: public institution English definition: Institution for the management of public issues. (Source: ZINZAN) openbare instelling op commercieel en industrieel gebied English: public institution of industrial and commercial nature English definition: Public institution for the management of industrial and commercial issues. (Source: ZINZANa) openbare sector English: public sector English definition: Segment of the economy run to some degree by government, including national and local governments, government-owned firms and quasi-autonomous non-government organizations. (Source: ODE) openbare waterwegen English: public waterways domain English definition: Rivers, canals and lakes owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations. (Source: BLD / RHW) openbare werken English: public works English definition: Structures, as roads, dams, or post offices, paid for by government funds for public use. opgeloste organische koolstof English: dissolved organic carbon English definition: The fraction of total organic carbon (all carbon atoms covalently bonded in organic molecules) in water that passes through a 0.45 micron pore-diameter filter. (Source: WQA) opgeloste zuurstof English: dissolved oxygen English definition: The amount of oxygen dissolved in a stream, river or lake is an indication of the degree of health of the stream and its ability to support a balanced aquatic ecosystem. The oxygen comes from the atmosphere by solution and from photosynthesis of water plants. The maximum amount of oxygen that can be held in solution in a stream is termed the saturation concentration and, as it is a function of temperature, the greater the temperature, the less the saturation amount. The discharge of an organic waste to a stream imposes an oxygen demand on the stream. If there is an excessive amount of organic matter, the oxidation of waste by microorganisms will consume oxygen more rapidly than it can be replenished. When this happens, the dissolved oxygen is depleted and results in the death of the higher forms of life. (Source: PORT) opheffing (geologisch) English: rising (geological) English definition: The slow vertical instability of the earth crust involving up-and-down movements as in the volcanic district west of Naples, Italy. (Source: BJGEO) opiniepeiling English: public opinion polling English definition: The canvassing of a representative sample of a large group of people on some question in order to determine the general opinion of a group. (Source: CED) opiniepeiling English: opinion survey English definition: The canvassing of a representative sample of a large group of people on some question in order to determine the general opinion of a group. (Source: CED) opinietrend English: trend of opinion English definition: The general movement, drift or direction of change in a viewpoint collectively and purportedly held by a significant number of people. (Source: RHW) opleiding English: training English definition: The process of bringing a person or a group of persons to an agreed standard of proficiency, by practice and instruction. (Source: CED) opleidingscentrum English: training centre English definition: Place where people are prepared for a specific purpose. (Source: CEDa) opleidingsniveau English: level of education English definition: A position along a scale of increasingly advanced training marking the degree or grade of instruction either obtained by an individual, offered by a some entity or necessary for a particular job or task. (Source: RHW) oplosbaarheid English: solubility English definition: The ability of a substance to form a solution with another substance. (Source: MGH) oplosmiddel English: solvent English definition: Substance, generally a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance. (Source: CED) oplossing English: dissolution English definition: Dissolving of a material. (Source: MGH) opname English: incorporation opname van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant absorption English definition: The process by which a pollutant is physically incorporated into another substance or body. (Source: FFD) oppervlaktebehandeling English: surface treatment English definition: Any method of treating a material (metal, polymer, or wood) so as to alter the surface, rendering it receptive to inks, paints, lacquers, adhesives, and various other treatments, or resistant to weather or chemical attack. (Source: MGH) oppervlaktewater English: surface water English definition: All waters on the surface of the Earth found in streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, marshes or wetlands, and as ice and snow. (Source: LANDY / BJGEO) oppervlaktewaterbeheer English: surface water management English definition: The administration or handling of water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, seas, etc.). (Source: RHW / TOE) opruimingsoperatie bij rampen English: disaster cleanup operation English definition: A course or procedure of activity designed to clear the debris or remove harmful substances left by an ecological calamity, natural or human in origin, in a given area. (Source: ISEP / TOE) opruimingsschip; olieopruimingsschip English: recovery vessel; oil recovery vessel English definition: Boats used for recovering oil spilled at sea from oil tankers. The recommended procedure is to contain and physically recover the spill with or without the use of adsorbents. This approach entails three processes: a) confinement of the spill by spill booms; b) recovery of the spill by sorbing agents; c) physical removal of the contained oil by oil pick-up devices. (Source: JBFENV / PZ) opslag English: storage (process) English definition: A series of actions undertaken to deposit or hold goods, materials or waste in some physical location, as in a facility, container, tank or dumping site. (Source: RHW) opslag van warmte English: heat storage English definition: Keeping heat created during a period of low consumption until a peak period when it is needed. (Source: PHC) opsporing English: detection English definition: The act or process of discovering evidence or proof of governmental, legal or ethical violations. (Source: RHW) opsporingstechniek voor radioactieve straling English: radioactive tracer technique opstapeling van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant accumulation English definition: The process by which concentrations of pollutants progressively increase in the tissues of living organisms in environments where these pollutants are present. (Source: FFD) optimalisering van installaties English: installation optimisation English definition: Adjustments made to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus in order to maximize its functionality and efficiency. (Source: OED) opvoeding English: upbringing orde English: order English definition: 1) A direction or command of a court. In this sense it is often used synonymously with judgment. 2) The document bearing the seal of the court recording its judgment in a case. (Source: DICLAW) orde van de Chiroptera [vliegende zoogdieren] English: chiropteran English definition: Order of placental mammals comprising the bats having the front limbs modified as wings. (Source: CED) orgaan English: organ English definition: A fully differentiated structural and functional unit, such as a kidney or a root, in an animal or plant. (Source: CED) organisatie English: organisation (law) English definition: Term used in commercial law, including a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two or more persons having a joint or common interest, or any other legal or commercial entity. (Source: BLACK) organisatie van het onderwijs English: organisation of teaching English definition: A group or association of persons united to address the concerns, methods and professional status of instructors or educators. (Source: RHW) organisatie van het rechtsstelsel English: organisation of the legal system English definition: The specific manner, form and institutions by which a government's ability to make, enforce and interpret laws are brought together into a coordinated whole. (Source: RHW) organisatie voor natuurbehoud English: nature conservation organisation organisch afval English: organic waste English definition: Waste containing carbon compounds; derived from animal and plant materials. (Source: PUE) organisch gebonden koolstof English: organic carbon English definition: Carbon which comes from an animal or plant. (Source: PHC) organisch gebonden stikstof English: organic nitrogen English definition: Essential nutrient of the food supply of plants and the diets of animals. Animals obtain it in nitrogen-containing compounds, particularly aminoacids. Although the atmosphere is nearly 80% gaseous nitrogen, very few organisms have the ability to use it in this form. The higher plants normally obtain it from the soil after microorganisms have converted the nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates, which they can then absorb. This conversion of nitrogen, known as nitrogen fixation, is essential for the formation of amino acids which, in turn, are the building blocks of proteins. (Source: WRIGHT) organisch oplosmiddel English: organic solvent English definition: Organic materials, including diluents and thinners, which are liquids at standard conditions and which are used as dissolvers, viscosity reducers, or cleaning agents. (Source: LEE) organische chloorverbinding English: organochlorine compound English definition: Organic compounds containing a C-Cl bond. (Source: RRDA) organische fosforverbinding English: organophosphorous compound English definition: Pesticides that contain phosphorous; short-lived, but some can be toxic when first applied. (Source: EPAGLO) organische halogeenverbinding English: organohalogen compound English definition: Organic compounds containing a C-halogen bond. (Source: RRDA) organische metaalverbinding English: organometallic compound English definition: Molecules containing carbon-metal linkage; a compound containing an alkyl or aryl radical bonded to a metal. (Source: MGH) organische scheikunde English: organic chemistry English definition: A branch of chemistry dealing with the study of composition, reaction, properties, etc. of organic compounds. (Source: LEE) organische silicoonverbinding English: organosilicon compound English definition: Any natural substance composed of two or more unlike atoms held together by chemical bonds and containing silicon, a non-metallic element often found in rocks or minerals. (Source: RHW) organische stikstofverbinding English: organonitrogen compound English definition: Organic compounds having a C-N bond. (Source: RRDA) organische stof English: organic matter English definition: Plant and animal residue that decomposes and becomes a part of the soil. (Source: KOREN) organische stoffen English: organic substance English definition: Chemical compounds, based on carbon chains or rings and also containing hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, or other elements. (Source: MGH) organische tinverbinding English: organotin compound English definition: Chemical compounds used in anti-foulant paints to protect the hulls of boats and ships, buoys and pilings from marine organisms such as barnacles. (Source: EPAGLO) organische vervuilende stof English: organic pollutant English definition: A plant- or animal-produced pollutant containing mainly carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (Source: ERG) organische vervuiling English: organic pollution English definition: Pollution caused by animal or plant material derived from living and dead organisms that may contain pathogenic bacteria and negatively influences the environment. (Source: GILP96a) organische zuurstofverbinding English: organooxygen compound English definition: Compounds, both aliphatic and aromatic, which have a C-O bond, including alcohols, aldehydes, etc. (Source: RRDA) organische zwavelverbinding English: organosulphur compound English definition: One of a group of substances which contain both carbon and sulfur. (Source: MGH) organisme in water English: aquatic organism English definition: Organisms which live in water. (Source: PHC) organisme waarvoor bestrijdingsmiddelen niet bedoeld zijn English: non-target organism English definition: A plant or animal other than the one against which the pesticide is applied. (Source: JJK) organismen (taxonomie) English: organism English definition: An individual constituted to carry out all life functions. (Source: MGH) organismen vrijlaten English: release of organisms English definition: The release of organisms in the environment creates the risk that once released they may exhibit some previously unknown pathogenicity, might take over from some naturally occurring bacteria or pass on some unwanted trait to such indigenous bacteria. (Source: WPR) organoleptische eigenschappen English: organoleptic property English definition: Properties that can be perceived by sense organs. (Source: RRDA) orkaan English: hurricane English definition: A tropical cyclone of great intensity; any wind reaching a speed of more than 73 miles per hour (117 kilometers per hour) is said to have hurricane force. (Source: MGH) osmose English: osmosis English definition: The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane separating two solutions of different concentrations. A semipermeable membrane is one through which the molecules of a solvent can pass but the molecules of most solutes cannot. There is a thermodynamic tendency for solutions separated by such a membrane to become equal in concentration, the water (or other solvent) flowing from the weaker to the stronger solution. Osmosis will stop when the two solutions reach equal concentration, and can also be stopped by applying a pressure to the liquid on the stronger-solution side of the membrane. The pressure required to stop the flow from a pure solvent into a solution is a characteristic of the solution, and is called the osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure depends only on the concentration of particles in the solution, not on their nature. (Source: DICCHE) oud papier English: waste paper English definition: Newspapers, magazines, cartons and other paper separated from solid waste for the purpose of recycling. oud stort voor gevaarlijk afval English: old hazardous site English definition: Abandoned or disused dumps and refuse tips, stockpiles and landfill sites, disused petrol service stations, closed-down coking plants and former industrial and commercial premises, etc., from which considerable risks not only to the soil and to the groundwater, but also to humans and nature, can arise. (Source: AZENP) oude afzetting English: old landfill site English definition: Landfill that has been filled and covered with topsoil and seeded. The most common end use for landfills is open spaces with no active recreation taking place over the completed landfill. The obvious reason for this use is that the completed surface is steeply sloped to provide rapid runoff. Also, no irrigation of the cover grasses should be allowed. It is very unlikely to think that commercial or industrial buildings will be constructed on a completed landfill. If the end use is such that the public will be walking on the site, it is important that all manholes be properly secured, leachate lagoons fenced, and other potential hazards eliminated. (Source: CORBITa) oude banden English: scrap tyre English definition: Recyclable material from discarded motor vehicle tyres. (Source: APD) oude installatie English: antiquated plant English definition: Old installation that do not respond to new rules for the prevention of environmental pollution and whose redevelopment requires investments for adopting technologies related to the protection of waterways, waste management, noise reduction and emission control. (Source: RRDA) oudheid English: ancient times oven English: furnace English definition: A structure or apparatus in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, often to warm houses, melt metals, produce steam and bake pottery. (Source: RHW) overbelasting English: overburden English definition: The material such as soil and rock lying above a mineral deposit that must be removed in order to work the deposit. (Source: GILP96) overbevissing English: overfishing English definition: Taking out of the sea more than natural population growth can sustain. Overfishing has a number of causes, the most ruthless being 'chronic over capacity' of modern fishing fleets to effectively take far more fish than can be replaced. (Source: WPR) overbevolking English: overcrowding English definition: An excess of people gathered together in a confined space. (Source: ZINZAN) overbevolking English: overpopulation English definition: A population density that exceeds the capacity of the environment to supply the health requirements of the individual organism. (Source: LANDY) overbeweiding English: overgrazing English definition: Intensive grazing by animals, for example cattle, sheep or goats, on an area of pasture. It has become a serious threat to the world's rangelands and grasslands. Several factors have led to overgrazing, which leads to the soil being degraded and becoming liable to erosion by wind and rain, and even to desertification. The main pressures leading to widespread overgrazing have been the need to increase the size and numbers of herds to produce more food for an increasing human population, and the transformation of traditional pasture land into plantations to grow cash crops. Throughout the dry tropics, where traditionally herds ranged over vast areas, intensive livestock-rearing schemes have taken over, mostly to provide meat for the export market. Well-digging operations have also led to heavy concentrations of animals in small areas. (Source: WRIGHT) overbrenging English: transport (physics) English definition: Transfer of mass, momentum, or energy in a system as a result of molecular agitation, including such properties as thermal conduction and viscosity. (Source: PITT) overeenkomst English: contract English definition: An agreement between two or more persons which creates an obligation to do or not to do a particular thing. Its essential are competent parties, subject matter, a legal consideration, mutuality of agreement, and mutuality of obligation. (Source: WESTS) overeenkomst English: convention English definition: International agreement on a specific topic. (Source: RRDA) overeenkomst (administratieve) English: agreement (administrative) English definition: A coming together of minds; a coming together in opinion or determination; the coming together in accord of two minds on a given proposition. In law, a concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performances. The consent of two or more persons concerning respecting the transmission of some property, right, or benefits, with the view of contracting an obligation, a mutual obligation. The union of two or more minds in a thing done or to be done; a mutual assent to do a thing. (Source: WESTS) overeenkomst (contract) English: agreement (contract) English definition: An agreement, convention, or promise of two or more parties, by deed in writing, signed, and delivered, by which either of the parties pledges himself to the other that something is either done, or shall be done, or shall not be done, or stipulates for the truth of certain facts. (Source: WESTS) overeenkomst (wettige/wettelijke) English: agreement (legal) English definition: The coming together in accord of two minds on a given proposition. In law, a concord of understanding and intention between two or more parties with respect to the effect upon their relative rights and duties, of certain past or future facts or performances. The consent of two or more persons concerning respecting the transmission of some property, right, or benefits, with the view of contracting an obligation, a mutual obligation. (Source: WESTS) overexploitatie English: overexploitation English definition: The use of raw materials excessively without considering the long-term ecological impacts of such use. (Source: WPR) overgangselementen English: transition element English definition: One of a group of metallic elements in which the members have the filling of the outermost shell to 8 electrons interrupted to bring the penultimate shell from 8 to 18 or 32 electrons; includes elements 21 through 29 (scandium through copper), 39 through 47 (yttrium through silver), 57 through 79 (lanthanum through gold), and all known elements from 89 (actinium) on. (Source: MGH) overgangsregeling English: transitional arrangement English definition: Rules, guidelines or an agreement on the process of changing the administration, structure or constitution of a government or organization. (Source: RHW) overgebleven hoeveelheid water English: residual amount of water English definition: Amount of water left in a water course after it has fed a hydropower plant in order to maintain a satisfactory dry-weather-flow for allowing the survival of biotic communities. (Source: RRDA) overheid English: administration overheid, beheer,beleid,politiek,instellingen,plan English: administration, management, policy, politics, institutions, planning overheidsaansprakelijkheid English: government liability English definition: A public body's debt or other legal obligation arising out of transactions in the past which must be liquidated, renewed or refunded at some future date. (Source: EFP) overheidsadviesorgaan English: government advisory body overheidsbeleid English: government policy English definition: Any course of action adopted and pursued by a ruling political authority or system, which determines the affairs for a nation, state or region. (Source: RHW) overheidscontract English: government contracting overheidsfinancien English: public finance English definition: The theory and practice of governmental money matters, including taxation, spending, transfer and property incomes, borrowing, debt and revenue management. (Source: ODE) overheidsfinanciering English: public financing English definition: The act of obtaining or furnishing money or capital for a program, purchase or enterprise from the general population of a community or state, usually through government allocation of tax revenues. (Source: RHW) overheidsgebouw English: government building English definition: Building for the offices of the main departments of government. (Source: HARRIS) overheidsgebouw English: ministry building English definition: Any structure or edifice occupied by a body of top government administrators or other high ranking public officials selected or appointed by a head of state to manage certain aspects of a state's affairs. (Source: BLD) overheidsopdracht English: public procurement English definition: The governmental process of purchasing supplies, equipment and services, or purchasing contracts to secure the provision of supplies, equipment and services, which are often sold by the private sector. (Source: OED / RHW) overheidsopracht English: public contract English definition: Any contract in which there are public funds provided though private persons may perform the contract and the subject of the contract may ultimately benefit private persons. overheidsschuld English: public debt English definition: The total amount of all government securities outstanding. This is also frequently termed government debt. (Source: AMOS2) overheidssteun English: public aid English definition: Government aid in the form of monies or food stamps to the poor, disabled, aged or to dependent children. (Source: RHW) overheidsuitgaven English: public expenditure English definition: Spending by national or local government, government-owned firms or quasi-autonomous non-government organizations. (Source: ODE) overleg English: consultation English definition: Any meeting or inquiry of concerned persons or advisors for the purpose of deliberation, discussion or decision on some matter or action. (Source: BLD) overleg over kernenergie English: nuclear debate English definition: The ongoing, public discussion and dispute over the uses of energy. (Source: ISEP / MHD) overleving English: survival English definition: The act or fact of surviving or condition of having survived. (Source: CED) overloop English: overflow (outlet) English definition: Any device or structure that conducts excess water or sewage from a conduit or container. (Source: MGH) overmatige hoogte van schoorstenen English: excessive height of chimney stacks overmatige planktongroei (zee) English: green tide English definition: A proliferation of a marine green plankton toxic and often fatal to fish, perhaps stimulated by the addition of nutrients. (Source: RRDA) overschot English: surplus English definition: The extent to which assets exceed liabilities, especially the profits remaining after operating expenses, taxes, interest and insurance costs are subtracted. (Source: IVW) oversteekplaats English: crossing place English definition: A place, often shown by markings, lights, or poles, where a street, railway, etc. may be crossed. (Source: CED) overstromen English: overflow (process) overstroming English: flood English definition: An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. (Source: ALL) overstroming English: flooding English definition: A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. (Source: LANDY) overstromingsbeheersing English: flood control English definition: Measures taken to prevent or reduce harm caused by an unusual accumulation of water above the ground, often involving the construction of reservoirs and channeling structures. (Source: ALL / WWC) overstromingsvoorspelling English: flood forecast English definition: The hydrological processes generating river floods have been studied extensively and several modelling concepts have been proposed. The standard procedure for flood forecasting consists of calibrating the parameters of the model of a particular river basin on a representative set of historical hydrometric data and subsequently applying this calibrated model in a real-time environment. (Source: YOUNG) overtreding English: infraction English definition: A breach, violation, or infringement; as of a law, a contract, a right or duty. (Source: BLACK) overwintering; laten overwinteren; overwinteren English: overwintering English definition: To spend winter in a particular place. (Source: CED) oxidatie English: oxidation English definition: A chemical reaction that increases the oxygen content of a compound. (Source: MGH) oxidatie-reductie English: oxidation-reduction English definition: An oxidizing chemical change, where an element's positive valence is increased (electron loss), accompanied by a simultaneous reduction of an associated element (electron gain). (Source: MGH) oxiden English: oxide English definition: Binary chemical compound in which oxygen is combined with a metal or nonmetal. (Source: MGH) oxydatiebed English: bacterial bed English definition: A device that removes some suspended solids from sewage. Air and bacteria decompose additional wastes filtering through the sand so that cleaner water drains from the bed. (Source: LEE) oxydeerbare stof English: oxidisable material English definition: Substance that can undergo a chemical reaction with oxygen. (Source: CEDa) oxyderende stof English: oxidising agent English definition: Compound that gives up oxygen easily, removes hydrogen from another compound, or attracts negative electrons. (Source: MGH) ozon English: ozone English definition: An allotropic form of oxygen containing three atoms in the molecule. It is a bluish gas, very active chemically, and a powerful oxidizing agent. Ozone is formed when oxygen or air is subjected to a silent electric discharge. It occurs in ordinary air in very small amounts only. (Source: UVAROV) ozonisatie English: ozonisation English definition: The process of treating, impregnating or combining with ozone. (Source: MGH) ozonlaag English: ozone layer English definition: The general stratum of the upper atmosphere in which there is an appreciable ozone concentration and in which ozone plays an important part in the radiative balance of the atmosphere. (Source: MGH) paaiplaats English: spawning ground English definition: Area of water where fish come each year to produce their eggs. (Source: PHC) paard English: horse English definition: A large animal with four legs which people ride on or use for carrying things or pulling vehicles. (Source: CAMB) paardachtigen English: equine English definition: Animals belonging to the family of Equidae. (Source: ZINZAN) pad gevolgd door verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant pathway English definition: The retraceable route of a pollutant, from its source, through its interactions with the environment, and finally to its effect upon a target ecosystem or target organisms. (Source: ISEP) padden English: toad English definition: Any anuran amphibian of the class Bufonidae, such as Bufo bufo of Europe. They are similar to frogs but are more terrestrial, having a drier warty skin. (Source: CED) paddestoel English: fungus English definition: Nucleated usually filamentous, sporebearing organisms devoid of chlorophyll. (Source: MGH) paddestoel English: mushroom English definition: A family of Basidiomycetes that are characterized by the production of spores on gills. (Source: ALL) pakijs English: ice pack English definition: Large areas of floating ice, usually occurring in polar seas, consisting of separate pieces that have become massed together. (Source: CED) paleo-ecologie English: palaeoecology English definition: The application of ecological concepts to fossil and sedimentary evidence to study the interactions of Earth surface, atmosphere, and biosphere in former times. (Source: ALL) paleoklimatologie English: palaeoclimatology English definition: The study of paleoclimates throughout geologic time, and of the causes of their variations, on either a local or a worldwide basis. It involves the interpretation of glacial deposits, fossils and sedimentologic and other types of data. (Source: BJGEO) paleontologie English: palaeontology English definition: The study of life in past geologic time, based on fossil plants and animals and including phylogeny, their relationship to existing plants, animals, and environments, and the chronology of the Earth's history. (Source: BJGEO) papier English: paper English definition: Felted or matted sheets of cellulose fibers, formed on a fine-wire screen from a dilute water suspension, and bonded together as the water is removed and the sheet is dried. (Source: MGH) papierindustrie English: paper industry English definition: Industrial production of paper: pulp is produced by mechanically or chemically processing wood or other vegetative materials to extract usable cellulosic fibers as an aqueous slurry. The pulp slurry may be used directly in paper making or it may be shipped elsewhere for processing into paper products. The fundamental industrial operations are divided into two major categories: pulp mill and paper mill. The pulp mill operation includes wood preparation, pulping, deinking, pulp washing, screening and thickening, and bleaching. The paper mill operations include stock preparation, paper machine operation and finishing. (Source: PZ) parameters English: parameter English definition: 1) A quantity in an equation which must be specified beside the independent variables to obtain the solution for the dependent variables. 2) A quantity which is constant under a given set of conditions, but may be different under other conditions. (Source: LEE / MGH) parasiet English: parasite English definition: Organism which lives and obtains food at the expense of another organism, the host. (Source: ALL) parasitologie English: parasitology English definition: A branch of biology which deals with those organisms, plant or animal, which have become dependent on other living creatures. (Source: MGH) parkeerplaats; autoparkeerplaats English: car park English definition: Area of ground or a building where there is space for vehicles to be parked. (Source: CAMB) parkeervoorziening English: parking provision English definition: Area where a vehicle can be left for a period of time. (Source: CAMBa) parlement English: Parliament English definition: An assembly of elected representatives, typically controlled by a political party and constituting the legislative and, in some cases, the executive power of a state. (Source: CIV / APS) parlementair debat English: parliamentary debate English definition: Formal discussion or dispute on a particular matter among the members of the parliament. (Source: ZINZANa) parlementair verslag English: parliamentary report English definition: A written account describing in detail observations or the results of an inquiry into an event or situation and presented to an official, deliberative body with legislative powers. (Source: RHW) parlementslid English: member of Parliament pasta-achtig afval English: paste-like waste English definition: Waste deriving from various activities having a pasty consistency. (Source: RRDA) pathogeen English: pathogen English definition: Any disease-producing agent or microorganism. pathogeen organisme English: pathogenic organism English definition: Agents producing or capable of producing disease. (Source: MGH) pathologie English: pathology English definition: The branch of medicine concerned with the causes, origin, and nature of disease, including the changes occurring as a result of disease. (Source: CED) pathologisch effect English: pathologic effect patrimoniaal beheer English: patrimonial management English definition: A type of leadership and management style attempting to gain the loyalty and support of subordinates by excessively providing for their needs and interests. patroonherkenning English: pattern recognition English definition: A remote sensing term referring to an automated process through which unidentified patterns can be classified into a limited number of discrete classes through comparison with other class-defining patterns or characteristics. Pattern recognition is an essential part of the classification of remotely sensed images and is used as an aid to image interpretation. (Source: WHIT) pedagogie English: pedagogy English definition: The principles, practice, or profession of teaching. (Source: CED) pedosfeer English: pedosphere English definition: That shell or layer of the Earth in which soil-forming processes occur. (Source: BJGEO) peil plantegroei English: vegetation level English definition: A subdivision of vegetation characteristic of a certain altitude above sea level at a given latitude. (Source: ECHO2) pelsdier English: fur animal English definition: Animals bred and slaughtered for their fur. (Source: WPR) pendelen English: commuting pendelen buiten de spits English: off-peak commuting English definition: Traveling back and forth regularly over some distance, outside of the hours of maximum traffic frequency. (Source: RHW) penitentiair recht English: law relating to prisons English definition: Binding rules and regulations pertaining to the construction, use and operation of jails, penitentiaries and other places of legal confinement and punishment. (Source: BLD) pentachloorfenol English: pentachlorophenol English definition: One of the universally toxic phenolic compounds, is a general purpose agent that is used as a fungicide, herbicide and molluscicide, particularly in Egypt where it is used to control snails that carry the larval human blood flukes that cause schistosomiasis. It is also used in wood preservatives and is very poisonous. (Source: WRIGHT) perchooretheen English: perchloroethylene English definition: Stable, colorless liquid, nonflammable and nonexplosive, with low toxicity; used as a dry-cleaning and industrial solvent, in pharmaceuticals and medicines, and for metal cleaning. (Source: MGH) percolatiewater English: percolating water English definition: Subsurface water that passes, under the force of gravity, through rocks or soil along the line of least resistance. (Source: WWC) periode van hoogconjunctuur in de olie-industrie English: oil boom English definition: A floating device used to contain oil on a body of water. Once the boom has been inflated, it is towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. (Source: EPAGLO / GILP) periphyton English: periphyton English definition: A plant or animal organism which is attached or clings to surfaces of leaves or stems of rooted plants above the bottom stratum. (Source: MGH) permanente ijslaag English: permafrost ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings in a climatic region where the subsoil is perennially frozen. (Source: TOE / DOE) peroxyacetylnitraat English: peroxyacetylnitrate English definition: A pollutant created by the action of sunlight on hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in the air. An ingredient of smog. (Source: LANDY) pers English: press English definition: Printed matter as a whole, especially newspapers and periodicals. persen English: pressing English definition: The application of a pressure to squeeze out the juice or contents of a fruit, seed, etc. (Source: WEBSTE) persmededeling English: press release English definition: An official statement or announcement distributed to members of the media by a public relations firm, government agency or some other organization, often to supplement or replace an oral presentation. (Source: WOR) personeel English: personnel personenvervoer English: passenger transport English definition: The conveyance of people over land, water or through air by automobile, bus, train, airplane or some other means of travel. (Source: RHW) personenvervoer English: private transport English definition: Transport performed with private means. (Source: ECHO2) personenwagen English: private car English definition: Transportation mean belonging to an individual person. (Source: RRDA) persoonlijke verantwoordelijkheid English: personal responsibility pest English: pest English definition: Any organism that damages crops, injures or irritates livestock or man, or reduces the fertility of land. (Source: CED) petrochemisch English: petrochemical English definition: Chemicals manufactured from the products of oil refineries, based largely on ethylene, propylene and butylene produced in the cracking of petrol fractions. (Source: GILP96) petrochemische industrie English: petrochemical industry English definition: The production of materials derived from petroleum or natural gas. (Source: MGH) pijp English: pipe English definition: A tube made of metal, clay, plastic, wood, or concrete and used to conduct a fluid, gas, or finely divided solid. (Source: MGH) plaag English: pest infestation English definition: 1) The occurrence of one or more pest species in an area or location where their numbers and impact are currently or potentially at intolerable levels. 2) A sudden increase in destructiveness or population numbers of a pest species in a given area. (Source: DUNSTE) plaats waar milieuverontreiniging in de bodem doordringt English: pollution sink English definition: Vehicle for removal of a chemical or gas from the atmosphere-biosphere-ocean system, in which the substance is absorbed into a permanent or semi-permanent repository, or else transformed into another substance. A carbon sink, for example, might be the ocean (which absorbs and holds carbon from other parts of carbon cycle) or photosynthesis (which converts atmospheric carbon into plant material). Sinks are a fundamental factor in the ongoing balance which determines the concentration of every greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. If the sink is greater than the sources of a gas, its concentration in the atmosphere will decrease; if the source is greater than the sink, the concentration will increase. (Source: GLOCHA) plaatsbescherming English: site protection English definition: Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of a physical area or location. (Source: RHW) plaatselijk openbaar vervoer English: local passenger service English definition: Passenger transport system for a limited local area. (Source: RRDA) plaatselijk verkeer English: local traffic English definition: Traffic moving within a city, town, or area and subject to frequent stops, as distinguished from long distance traffic. plaatselijke bosaanplanting English: local afforestation English definition: The planting of trees in an area, or the management of an area to allow trees to regenerate or colonize naturally, in order to produce a forest. (Source: ALL) plaatselijke bouwmaterialen English: local building material plaatselijke financien English: local finance English definition: The theory and practice of all public money matters pertaining to city, town or small district governments. (Source: ODE / RHW) plaatselijke ontwikkeling English: local development English definition: A stage of growth or advancement in any aspect of a community that is defined by or restricted to a particular and usually small district or area. (Source: RHW / ISEP) plaatselijke overheid English: local government English definition: An administrative body or system in which political direction and control is exercised over the community of a city, town or small district. (Source: RHW) plaatselijke vrijetijdsbesteding English: local recreation English definition: A pastime, diversion, exercise or other means of enjoyment and relaxation that is carried out in a particular city, town or small district. (Source: RHW) plaatselijke warmtevoorziening English: local heat supply English definition: The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a specific local community. (Source: ISEP) plaatsherstel English: site rehabilitation English definition: The restoration of the ecological quality of an area or location. (Source: ISEP / RHW) plaatskeuze English: site selection English definition: The process of choosing or picking a location or area for some designated purpose. (Source: RHW) plan English: plan English definition: A scheme of action, a method of proceeding thought out in advance. (Source: GOOD) plan met betrekking tot blootstelling aan lawaai English: noise exposure plan English definition: A formulated or systematic method to prevent the effects of being subjected to loud or harsh sounds. (Source: OED) plankton English: plankton English definition: Small organisms (animals, plants, or microbes) passively floating in water. (Source: LANDY) planning English: planning English definition: The act of making a detailed scheme for attaining an objective. (Source: CED) planning van de kustzone English: coastal zone planning English definition: The objective of coastal management and planning is the preservation of coastal resources whilst simultaneously satisfying the sometimes conflicting interests and requirements of protection, development, usage and conservation. (Source: TELFO) plannings- en begrotings systeem English: Planning-Programming-Budgeting System English definition: A system to achieve long-term goals or objectives by means of analysis and evaluation of the alternatives. PPB is designed to solve problems by finding the most effective and most efficient solution on the basis of objective criteria. (Source: GREENW) planologische maatregel English: planning measure English definition: A procedure or course of action taken to design, organize or prepare for the future. (Source: RHW) plantaardig afval English: vegetable waste English definition: Waste, comprised mainly of vegetable matter, which is capable of being decomposed by microorganisms. (Source: BHE) plantaardige hulpbronnen English: plant resource plantaardige olie English: vegetable oil English definition: An edible, mixed glyceride oil derived from plants (fruit, leaves, and seeds), including cottonseed, linseed, tung, and peanut; used in food oils, shortenings, soaps, and medicine, and as a paint drying oil. (Source: MGH) plantaardige textielvezels English: plant textile fibre English definition: Natural textile fibres of vegetal origin. (Source: RRDA) plantegroei English: vegetation English definition: 1) The plants of an area considered in general or as communities, but not taxonomically; the total plant cover in a particular area or on the Earth as a whole. 2) The total mass of plant life that occupies a given area. (Source: ALL / MGH) planten English: planting English definition: The establishment of trees by planting seedlings, transplants, or cuttings. (Source: DUNSTE) planten English: plant (biology) English definition: Any living organism that typically synthesizes its food from inorganic substances, possesses cellulose cell walls, responds slowly and often permanently to a stimulus, lacks specialized sense organs and nervous system, and has no powers of locomotion. (Source: CED) plantendeel English: plant component English definition: The constituent parts of a plant. (Source: CEDa) plantendek English: vegetation cover English definition: Number of plants growing on a certain area of land. (Source: PHC) plantenecologie English: plant ecology English definition: Study of the relationships between plants and their environment. (Source: LBC) plantenencyclopedie English: flora (document) English definition: A work systematically describing the flora of a particular region, listed by species and considered as a whole. (Source: RHW) planteneter English: herbivore English definition: An animal that feeds on grass and other plants. (Source: CED) plantenfysiologie English: plant physiology English definition: The study of the function and chemical reactions within the various organs of plants. (Source: UVAROV) plantengemeenschap English: plant community English definition: Any group of plants belonging to a number of different species that co-occur in the same habitat or area and interact through trophic and spatial relationships; typically characterized by reference to one or more dominant species. (Source: ALL2) plantengenetica English: plant genetics English definition: The scientific study of the hereditary material of plants for purposes such as hybridization, improved food resources and increased production. (Source: EEN) plantenkunde English: plant biology English definition: The scientific study of the natural processes of plants. (Source: CAMBa) plantenleven English: plant life plantenopbrengst English: plant production plantenselectie English: plant selection English definition: The selection by man of particular genotypes in a plant population because they exhibit desired phenotypic characters. (Source: LBC) plantensociologie English: phytosociology English definition: The study of vegetation, including the organization, interdependence, development, geographical distribution and classification of plant communities. (Source: LBC) plantensoorten English: plant species English definition: Species belonging to the plant kingdom. (Source: RRDA) plantenstand English: plant population English definition: The number of plants in an area. (Source: PHC) plantentuin English: nursery garden plantenveredeling English: plant breeding English definition: Raising a certain type of plant by crossing one variety with another to produce a new variety where the desired characteristics are strongest. (Source: PHC) plantenziektekunde English: phytopathology English definition: The study of plant diseases and their control. (Source: ZINZAN) planteziekte English: plant disease plantkunde English: botany English definition: A branch of the biological sciences which embraces the study of plants and plant life. (Source: MGH) plasma technologie English: plasma technology English definition: 1) Common name for a number of industrial applications of plasma, such as: etching of semiconductor chips, deposition of silicon for solar cell production, deposition of silicon dioxide for passivation of surfaces, activation of surfaces, melting and welding with plasma arcs as well as plasma chemistry. 2) Plasma technology consists of minute gas-filled cells, which emit light when an electric current is channelled through them. (Source: IEAP / Z2Z) plastic English: plastic English definition: A polymeric material (usually organic) of large molecular weight which can be shaped by flow; usually refers to the final product with fillers, plasticizers, pigments, and stabilizers included (versus the resin, the homogeneous polymeric starting material); examples are polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and urea-formaldehyde. (Source: MGH) plasticafval English: plastic waste English definition: Any discarded plastic (organic, or synthetic, material derived from polymers, resins or cellulose) generated by any industrial process, or by consumers. (Source: APD) platina English: platinum English definition: A ductile malleable silvery-white metallic element very resistant to heat and chemicals. It occurs free and in association with other platinum metals, especially in osmiridium; used in jewellery, laboratory apparatus, electrical contacts, dentistry, electroplating, and as a catalyst. (Source: CED) platteland English: rural area English definition: Area outside the limits of any incorporated or unincorporated city, town, village, or any other designated residential or commercial area such as a subdivision, a business or shopping center, or community development. (Source: LEE) plattelandsarchitectuur English: rural architecture plattelandsbeheer en planning English: rural management and planning English definition: The activity or process of overseeing and preparing for the future physical arrangement and condition of any agricultural or pastoral area, which may involve protecting and developing natural and human resources that affect an area's economic vitality. (Source: RHW / NPH) plattelandsbevolking English: rural population English definition: The total number of persons inhabiting an agricultural or pastoral region. (Source: RHW) plattelandsomgeving English: rural environment English definition: Environment pertaining to the countryside. (Source: GOOD) plattelandsontwikkeling English: rural development English definition: Any course destined to promote economic growth, modernization, increase in agricultural production and the creation of a framework in which to fulfill primary needs, such as education, health and supply of water in the rural areas. The attainment of such objectives depends in general on the type of administrative systems proposed for the various programmes and on the national political situation as regards, for instance land tenure, agrarian reform, the disbursement of assistance and food policy. (Source: GREMES) plattelandsrecht English: rural law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government pertaining to matters of importance to residents of sparsely populated regions, especially agricultural and other economic issues. (Source: RUR) plattelandswatervoorziening English: rural water supply plechtige verklaring (eed) English: statutory declaration English definition: A declaration made in a prescribed form before a justice of the peace, notary public, or other person authorized to administer an oath. (Source: DICLAW) plein English: square English definition: An open area in a town, sometimes including the surrounding buildings. (Source: CED) pleziervaart English: pleasure cruising English definition: The activity of rowing, sailing or using a boat over a particular region of water, for amusement or enjoyment. (Source: RHW) pluimvee English: poultry English definition: Domesticated fowl grown for their meat and eggs. (Source: MGH) pluimveefokkerij English: poultry farming English definition: One of the commonest of agricultural occupations. Many urban households and many farms maintain some chickens for both meat and eggs. (Source: LOGIE) plutonium English: plutonium English definition: A highly toxic metallic transuranic element. It occurs in trace amounts in uranium ores and is produced in a nuclear reactor by neutron bombardment of uranium-238. The most stable and important isotope, plutonium-239, readily undergoes fission and is used as a reactor fuel in nuclear power stations and in nuclear weapons. (Source: CED) polaire ecosystemen English: polar ecosystem English definition: The interacting systems of the biological communities and their nonliving environmental surroundings located in the regions where the air temperature is perennially below 10deg Celsius, usually at and near the North and South Poles. (Source: TOE / DOE / EOC) polder English: polder English definition: A generally fertile tract of flat, low-lying land (as in Netherlands and Belgium) reclaimed and protected from the sea, a lake, a river, or other body of water by the use of embankments, dikes, dams, or levees. The term is usually reserved for coastal areas that are at or below sea level and that are constantly protected by an organized system of maintenance and defense. (Source: BJGEO) politie English: police English definition: Branch of the government which is charged with the preservation of public order, the promotion of public health and safety, and the prevention, detection, and punishment of crimes. politiek English: politics English definition: The theory and practice of acquiring and exercising the power to govern in a society in order to arbitrate values, allocate resources and establish and enforce rules. (Source: APS) politiek van een grondgebied English: territorial policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which determines the present and future use of each parcel of land in an area. (Source: DOE) politieke doctrine English: political doctrine English definition: A policy, position or principle advocated, taught or put into effect concerning the acquisition and exercise of the power to govern or administrate in society. (Source: RHW) politieke ecologie English: political ecology politieke geografie English: political geography English definition: The study of the effects of political actions on human geography, involving the spatial analysis of political phenomena. (Source: GOOD) politieke ideologie English: political ideology English definition: A belief system that explains and justifies a preferred economic and governmental order for society, offers strategies for its maintenance or attainment and helps give meaning to public events, personalities and policies. (Source: APS) politieke macht English: political power English definition: The might, ability or authority of governments, citizens groups and other interested parties in enacting change or in influencing or controlling the outcome of governmental or public policies affecting a nation, region or municipality. (Source: BLD) politieke organisatie English: political organisation English definition: A group of persons organized to seek or exercise power in governmental or public affairs, by supporting candidates for office or by lobbying for action and mobilizing support for bills or governmental policies. (Source: CIV / BLD) politieke partij English: political party English definition: An organized group that has as its fundamental aim the attainment of political power and public office for its designated leaders. Usually, apolitical party will advertise a common commitment by its leaders and its membership to a set of political, social, economic and/or cultural values. (Source: DUC) politieke raadgeving English: political counselling politiemacht English: police power politieverordening English: police law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the employment and tactics of police or other civil agents organized to maintain order, prevent and detect crimes and promote obedience to civil regulations and authority. (Source: RHW) polybroombifenyl English: polybrominated biphenyl English definition: A chemical substance the composition of which, without regard to impurities, consists of brominated biphenyl molecules. (Source: KOREN) polychloorbifenyl English: polychlorinated biphenyl English definition: PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. (Source: PZ / PHC) polychloordibenzofuraan English: polychlorinated dibenzofuran English definition: A family containing 135 individual, colorless compounds known as congeners with varying harmful health and environmental effects. They are produced as unwanted compounds during the manufacture of several chemicals and consumer products such as wood treatment chemicals, some metals, and paper products; also produced from the burning of municipal and industrial waste in incinerators, from exhaust of leaded gasoline, heat, or production of electricity. They are hazardous to the respiratory system, gastrointestinal system, liver, musculoskeletal system, skin and nervous system; and are toxic by inhalation, ingestion, and contact. Symptoms of exposure include frequent coughing, severe respiratory infections, chronic bronchitis, abdominal pain, muscle pain, acne rashes, skin color changes, unexpected weight loss, nonmalignant or malignant liver disease. (Source: KOREN) polychloordibenzo-p-dioxine English: polychlordibenzo-p-dioxin English definition: PCDD are formed (along with variants including furans) when compounds containing chlorine are burnt at low temperature in improperly operated/designed domestic refuse and industrial waste incinerators where PCDDs can be found in both the flue gases and the fly ash. (Source: PORT) polychloorterfenyl English: polychlorinated terphenyl English definition: Compounds consisting of three benzene rings linked to each other in either ortho, meta or para positions and substituted with chlorine atoms. (Source: RRDA) polycyclische aromatische koolwaterstof English: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon English definition: Hydrocarbons containing two or more closed rings of atoms. (Source: CED) polycyclische koolwaterstof English: polycyclic hydrocarbon English definition: Hydrocarbon molecule with two or more nuclei; examples are naphtalene, with two benzene rings side by side, or diphenyl, with two bond-connected benzene rings. Also known as polynuclear hydrocarbon. (Source: MGH) polyethyleentereftalaat English: polyethylene terephtalate English definition: 1) A thermoplastic polyester resin made from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid; melts at 265degC; used to make films or fibers.2) Type of plastic used to make artificial fibres and plastic bottles, which can be recycled. (Source: MGH / PHC) polymeer English: polymer English definition: Substance made of giant molecules formed by the union of simple molecules (monomers). (Source: MGH) polymerisatie English: polymerisation English definition: 1) The bonding of two or more monomers to produce a polymer. 2) Any chemical reaction that produces such a bonding. (Source: MGH) polyvinylchloride English: polyvinyl chloride English definition: Polymer of vinyl chloride; tasteless, odourless; insoluble in most organic solvents; a member of the family of vinyl resins. (Source: MGH) pomp English: pump English definition: A machine that draws a fluid into itself through an entrance port and forces the fluid out through an exhaust port. (Source: MGH) pompen English: pumping English definition: The removal of gases and vapors from a vacuum system. (Source: MGH) poolgebied English: polar region English definition: Area relating to the earth's poles or the area inside the Arctic or Antarctic Circles. (Source: CED) populatie (ecologisch) English: population (ecological) English definition: A group of organisms of one species, occupying a defined area. (Source: LBC) populatie-ecologie English: population ecology English definition: The study of the interaction of a particular species or genus population with its environment. (Source: ALL2) populatiestatistieken over in het wild levende planten en dieren English: wildlife population statistics English definition: The numerical facts or data collected through various methodologies, such as sighting surveys, which represent or estimate the size of any wildlife species for purposes such as analyzing population trends. (Source: RHW / EEN) posidonia (soort schaaldier) English: posidonia English definition: Plant with elongated, planar, green leaves which measure up to 1,5 m. The flowers come out in the autumn but not every year. The fruits are dark balls, which one often finds washed up on beaches after storms. The same happens with the leaves which wilt and separate from the plant at the end of summer. It grows on sandy substrates, and has a rhizome from which several plants grow. The compact form of its growths retains the sediments pulled by the currents along the sea bed. Neptunegrass forms extensive prairies, always on the continental shelf. The plant's presence, apart from constituting an excellent refuge and food reserve for many species, gives an indication of the maturity and good condition of the whole marine ecosystem. (Source: DDGI) potas English: potash English definition: Any of several compounds containing potassium, especially soluble compounds such as potassium oxide, potassium chloride, and various potassium sulfates, used chiefly in fertilizers. (Source: AMHER) prehistorie English: prehistory English definition: Human history in the period before recorded events, known mainly through archaeological discoveries. pretpark English: amusement park English definition: An open-air entertainment area consisting of stalls, side shows etc. (Source: CED) preventieve informatie English: preventive information English definition: Data communicated or received concerning the recommended means of averting risk of an accident, disaster or other undesirable and avoidable incident. (Source: RHW) preventieve maatregel op het gebied van de gezondheid English: preventive health measure prijs English: price English definition: The amount of money paid per unit for a good or service. (Source: ODE) prijsbeleid English: prices policy English definition: The guiding procedure, philosophy, or course of action for decisions regarding the monetary rate or value for goods and services. (Source: RHW) prijzenbeleid inzake grondstoffen English: pricing policy of resources English definition: The guiding procedure or philosophy for decisions regarding the monetary rate or value of a country or region's resources, including natural resources, human resources and capital, or man-made goods. (Source: RHW / ODE) prikbordsysteem English: bulletin board system English definition: An assemblage of computer hardware and software that can be linked by computer modem dialing for the purpose of sharing or exchanging messages or other files. (Source: WIC) primair energieverbruik English: primary energy consumption English definition: Consumption of energy used in the same form as in its naturally occurring state, for example crude oil, coal, natural gas, e.g. before it is converted into electricity. (Source: BRACK) primair onderwijs English: primary education English definition: The first five or six years of instruction in elementary schools. (Source: COE) primaire behandeling English: primary treatment English definition: Removal of floating solids and suspended solids, both fine and coarse, from raw sewage. (Source: MGH) primaire sector English: primary sector English definition: That part of a country's or region's economy that makes direct use of natural resources, including agriculture, forestry, fishing and the fuel, metal and mining industries. (Source: ODE) primaten English: primate English definition: Order of mammals containing monkeys, apes, and human beings. (Source: PHC) prioriteit op milieugebied English: environmental priority privaat bos English: private forest privaat domein English: private domain English definition: Generally, land and water owned by individuals or corporations as opposed to the state; in French civil law, any government property capable of being owned by non-public entities, which cannot be seized and which is restricted to the stipulated ownership and use. (Source: BLD / ADM) privaatrecht English: private law English definition: The branch of law dealing with such aspects of relationships between individuals that are of no direct concern to the state. (Source: DICLAW) private sector English: private sector English definition: Segment of the economy not run by government, including households, sole traders, partnerships and companies. (Source: ODE) privatisering English: privatisation English definition: The transfer of ownership or control of a government enterprise or other governmental property to a non-public, non-official company, organization or individual, either through sale or through the establishment of a special enterprise outside direct government control. (Source: RHW) Procaryota English: procaryote English definition: Organisms (i.e. prokaryotes) whose genetic material (filaments of DNA) is not enclosed by a nuclear membrane, and that do not possess mitochondria or plastids. Bacteria and cyanophyta are the only prokaryotic organisms. (Source: ALL) procedure English: procedure English definition: A prescribed step or manner of proceeding in any action or process. (Source: RHW) procedure bij het verstrekken van vergunningen English: licencing procedure English definition: Procedures performed by administrative agencies in conjunction with issuance of various types of licences. (Source: BLACK) procesanalyse English: process analysis procesrecht English: procedural law English definition: Law which prescribes method of enforcing rights or obtaining redress for their invasion. Laws which fix duties, establish rights and responsibilities among and for persons, natural or otherwise, are 'substantive laws' in character, while those which merely prescribe the manner in which such rights and responsibilities may be exercised and enforced in a court are 'procedural laws'. (Source: BLACK) procestechnologie English: mechanical engineering English definition: The branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and operation of machines. (Source: CED) procestechnologie English: process technology English definition: Any technical strategies, methods or tools used for the conception, design, development or implementation of any system. (Source: APD / SCP) procesvoering English: litigation English definition: A judicial contest, a judicial controversy, a suit at law. (Source: BLACK) proceswater English: process water English definition: Water used in a manufacturing or treatment process or in the actual product manufactured. Examples would include water used for washing, rinsing, direct contact, cooling, solution make-up, chemical reactions, and gas scrubbing in industrial and food processing applications. In many cases, water is specifically treated to produce the quality of water needed for the process. (Source: WQA) productaansprakelijkheid English: product liability English definition: 1) The legal liability of manufacturers and sellers to compensate buyers, users, and even bystanders, for damages or injuries suffered because of defects in goods purchased.2) A tort which makes a manufacturer liable if his product has a defective condition that makes it unreasonably dangerous to the user or consumer. (Source: BLACK) producten English: product English definition: Something produced by human or mechanical effort or by a natural process. (Source: AMHER) producten, materialen English: products, materials productevaluatie English: product evaluation productidentificatie English: product identification English definition: Attaching a notice to a product or container bearing information concerning its contents, proper use, manufacturer and any cautions or hazards of use. (Source: KOREN) productie English: production English definition: The use of resources to make or manufacture goods or services that have exchange value. (Source: ODE) productiebeleid English: production policy English definition: Measures and activities promoted by governments aiming at the structural definition of the productive apparatus. (Source: NDGIUR) productiebeperking English: restriction of production English definition: Any decision, action or policy which limits or constrains the making of valued goods or services. (Source: ODE) productiviteit English: productivity English definition: The amount of output or yield per unit of input or expenditure achieved by a company, industry or country. (Source: ODE) productiviteitstrend English: productivity trend English definition: The general direction or tendency in the measurement of the production of goods and services having exchange value. (Source: ISEP / RHW) productreklame English: product advertising English definition: The creation and dissemination of paid announcements or public notices to draw attention to goods, services or events offered by some entity, usually for purchase. (Source: RHW) productstandaard English: product standard English definition: A standard which prescribes aspects of the physical or chemical composition of products which have potential for causing environmental damage or the handling, presentation and packaging of products, particularly those which are toxic. (Source: GRAHAW) productvergelijking English: product comparison English definition: Comparison of products or processes to identify those having reduced environmental impacts. (Source: DIZAMBa) productvoorlichting English: product information English definition: Factual, circumstantial and, often, comparative knowledge concerning various goods, services or events, their quality and the entities producing them. (Source: RHW) proefdier English: test animal English definition: Animals on which experiments are conducted in order to provide evidence for or against a scientific hypothesis, or to prove the efficacy of drugs or the reaction to certain products. (Source: CEDa) proefhoofd English: impactor English definition: Instrument which samples atmospheric suspensoids by impaction; such instruments consist of a housing which constrains the air flow past a sensitized sampling plate. (Source: MGH) proefinstallatie English: pilot plant English definition: A small version of a planned industrial plant, built to gain experience in operating the final plant. (Source: MGH) proefproject English: pilot project English definition: A small scale experiment or set of observations undertaken to decide how and whether to launch a full-scale project. (Source: CED) proefschrift English: thesis English definition: A dissertation on a particular subject, in which original research has been done, usually by a candidate for a diploma or degree, or a proposition put forward for consideration, to be discussed and proved or maintained against objections. (Source: RHW) programma English: programme programma voor het behoud van soorten English: species conservation programme English definition: An organized group of activities and procedures, often run by a government agency or a nonprofit organization, to preserve and protect living organisms designated as being at risk. (Source: RHW / TOE) programma's English: programmes programmering English: programming English definition: Preparing a detailed sequence of operating instructions for a particular problem to be run on a digital computer. (Source: MGH) proteinerijk voedsel English: high protein food protocol English: protocol English definition: 1) The original draft of a document.2) An international agreement of a less formal nature than a treaty. It is often used to amend treaties. (Source: DICLAW) Protocol van Geneve English: Geneva Protocol English definition: Protocol of Geneva Convention concerning the control of emissions of nitrogen oxides and the reduction of sulphur emissions or their transboundary fluxes by at least 30%. (Source: UNTERM) Protocol van Montreal English: Montreal Protocol English definition: An international agreement reached in 1988 by over 30 countries, aimed at protecting the ozone layer by controlling the emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. Under the agreement, initiated by UNEP, CFC consumption is to be progressively reduced worldwide, being phased out completely by 1996. The consumption of halons was not to be allowed to increase above the levels of 1988. The protocol followed the Convention for the protection of the ozone layer (the Vienna convention) adopted in 1985. By the mid-1990s, the Third World continued to provide a substantial market for ozone-damaging chemicals made, but not sold, elsewhere. (Source: GILP96) protozoa English: protozoan English definition: A diverse phylum of eukaryotic microorganisms; the structure varies from a simple uninucleate protoplast to colonial forms, the body is either naked or covered by a test, locomotion is by means of pseudopodia or cilia or flagella, there is a tendency toward universal symmetry in floating species and radial symmetry in sessile types, and nutrition may be phagotrophic or autotrophic or saprozoic. (Source: MGH) provinciaal gezag English: provincial/regional authority (D) English definition: The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement laws and government policies applicable to a specific political subdivision or geographical area within the state. (Source: BLD) provinciale wetgeving English: provincial/regional law (D) provincie English: county English definition: An area comprising more than one city and whose boundaries have been designed according to some biological, political, administrative, economic, demographic criteria. (Source: LANDYa) provincie English: province English definition: A geographic area of some considerable extent, smaller than a continent but larger than a region, which is unified by some or all of its characteristics and which can therefore be studied as a whole. A faunal province, for example, has a particular assemblage of animal species, which differs from assemblages in different contemporaneous environments elsewhere. (Source: WHIT) psychisch effect English: psychic effect English definition: A result or consequence stemming from mental processes that create or influence human consciousness and emotions. (Source: RHW / SMD) psychologie English: psychology English definition: The science that deals with the functions of the mind and the behaviour of an organism in relation to its environment. (Source: MGH) psychologisch effect English: mental effect psychologisch effect English: psychological effect psychologische stress English: psychological stress English definition: Strain or disequilibrium of the mind especially in its affective or cognitive functions, or the physical or mental stimulus, agent or experience that causes such an imbalance. (Source: SMD / MED) psychosomatische klachten English: psychosomatic illness English definition: Illness arising from or aggravated by a mind-body relationship. (Source: GILP96) public relations English: public relations English definition: The methods and activities employed by an individual, organization, corporation, or government to promote a favourable relationship with the public. publiek toegang tot terreinen English: public access to land English definition: The right or permission for all persons of a community to use government owned geographic areas such as parks, campgrounds and historical sites. (Source: RHW) publieke actie English: public action English definition: A measure or provision taken on behalf and with the consent of the general populace. (Source: RHW) publieke opinie English: public opinion English definition: The purported, collective view of the public on some issue or problem, typically formulated by selective polling or sampling, and frequently used as a guide to action or decision. (Source: RHW / ISEP) publieke opkomst English: public attendance publiek-private samenwerking English: public-private partnership English definition: A joint venture between corporations and government or between community members and government or business beyond the course of normal interaction. (Source: NTL) publiekrecht English: public law English definition: A general classification of law, consisting generally of constitutional, administrative, criminal and international law, concerned with the organization of the state, the relations between the state and the people who compose it, the responsibilities of public officers to the state, to each other, and to private persons, and the relations of states to one other. The branch or department of law which is concerned with the state in its political or sovereign capacity, including constitutional and administrative law, and with the definition, regulation, and enforcement of rights in cases where the state is regarded as the subject of the right or object of the duty, - including criminal law and criminal procedure, - and the law of the state, considered in its quasi private personality, i.e., as capable of holding or exercising rights, or acquiring and dealing with property, in the character of an individual. (Source: WESTS) publiekrechtelijk bedrijfsorgaan English: statutory public body English definition: An association, supported in whole or part by public funding, that is established to operate programs for the public, often with little interference from government in day-to-day business. (Source: BLD / ODE) pulp English: pulp English definition: The cellulosic material produced by reducing wood mechanically or chemically and used in making paper and cellulose products. Also known as wood pulp. (Source: MGH) pulpindustrie English: pulp industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in manufacturing and selling the soft, moist, slightly cohering mass deriving from wood that is used to produce paper sheets, cardboard and other paper products. (Source: RHW) punt English: point English definition: A position on a reference system determined by a survey. (Source: WHIT) puntbron English: point source English definition: Pollution from a discrete source, such as a septic tank, a sewer, a discharge type, a landfill, a factory or waste water treatment works discharging to a watercourse; stack emission from an industrial process; or spillage from an underground storage tank leaching into groundwater. (Source: GRAHAW) purine English: purin English definition: Any of a number of nitrogenous bases, such as guanine and adenine, that are derivatives of purine and constituents of nucleic acids and certain coenzymes. (Source: CED) pyraleen English: pyralene English definition: Chemical compound belonging to the polychlorinated biphenyls family, used in the production of electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. (Source: PZ) pyrolyse English: pyrolysis English definition: The breaking apart of complex molecules into simpler units by the use of heat. (Source: MGH) pyschosomatisch effect English: psychosomatic effect English definition: Any result pertaining to the influence of the mind or higher functions of the brain upon the operations of the body, particularly bodily disorders or diseases. (Source: SMD) raad English: advice English definition: An official notice, opinion, counsel or recommendation that is optional or at the receiver's discretion. (Source: BLD) raap(zaad) English: rape (plant) English definition: A Eurasian cruciferous plant, Brassica napus, that is cultivated for its seeds, which yield a useful oil, and as a fodder plant. (Source: CED) radar English: radar English definition: A system using beamed and reflected radiofrequency energy for detecting and locating objects, measuring distance or altitude, navigating, homing, bombing and other purposes. (Source: MGH) radio English: radio English definition: The process, equipment or programming involved in transmitting and receiving sound signals by electromagnetic waves. (Source: MHD) radioactief afval English: radioactive waste English definition: Any waste that emit radiation in excess of normal background level, including the toxic by-products of the nuclear energy industry. (Source: GRAHAW) radioactief element English: radioelement English definition: An element that is naturally radioactive. (Source: CED) radioactieve afvalstortplaats English: radioactive dumping English definition: Waste generated by the emission of particulate or electromagnetic radiation resulting from the decay of the nuclei of unstable elements. (Source: KOREN) radioactieve besmetting English: radioactive contamination English definition: Contamination of a substance, living organism or site caused by radioactive material. (Source: FLGISA) radioactieve merkstof English: radioactive tracer English definition: A radioactive isotope which, when injected into a biological or physical system, can be traced by radiation detection devices, permitting determination of the distribution or location of the substance to which it is attached. (Source: MGH) radioactieve neerslag English: fallout English definition: The descent of airborne solid or liquid particles to the ground, which occurs when the speed at which they fall due to gravity exceeds that of any upward motion of the air surrounding them. (Source: ALL) radioactieve neerslag English: radioactive fallout English definition: The material that descends to the earth or water well beyond the site of a surface or subsurface nuclear explosion. (Source: MGH) radioactieve ontsmetting English: radioactive decontamination English definition: The removal of radioactive contamination which is deposited on surfaces or may have spread throughout a work area. Personnel decontamination is also included. Decontamination methods follow two broad avenues of attack, mechanical and chemical. (Source: PARCOR) radioactieve stof English: radioactive substance English definition: Any substance that contains one or more radionuclides of which the activity or the concentration cannot be disregarded as far as radiation protection is concerned. (Source: ECHO2) radioactieve uitstoot English: radioactive emission English definition: The release of radioactive substances into the environment deriving from nuclear installations and from mining, purification and enrichment operations of radioactive elements. (Source: FLGISA) radioactieve vervuiler English: radioactive pollutant English definition: A substance undergoing spontaneous decay or disintegration of atomic nuclei and giving off radiant energy in the form of particles or waves, often associated with an explosion of a nuclear weapon or an accidental release from a nuclear power plant, holding facility or transporting container. (Source: DEE / ISEP) radioactiviteit English: radioactivity English definition: The property possessed by some atomic nuclei of disintegrating spontaneously, with loss of energy through emission of a charged particle and/or gamma radiation. (Source: BRACK) radionucleide English: radionuclide English definition: A nuclide that exhibits radioactivity. (Source: MGH) radioprogramma English: radio programme English definition: A performance or production transmitted in sound signals with electromagnetic waves. (Source: MHD) radon English: radon English definition: A radioactive gaseous element emitted naturally from rocks and minerals where radioactive elements are present. It is released in non-coal mines, e.g. tin, iron, fluorspar, uranium. Radon is an alpha particle emitter as are its decay products and has been indicted as a cause of excessive occurrence of lung cancer in uranium miners. Concern has been expressed at radon levels in some housing usually adjacent to granite rocks or old tin mining regions. (Source: PORT) raffinaderij English: refinery English definition: A factory for the purification of some crude material such as ore, sugar, oil, etc. (Source: CED) raffineren English: refining English definition: The processing of raw material to remove impurities. (Source: PHC) raming van de schade English: damage assessment English definition: The evaluation or determination of losses, harm and injuries to persons, property or the environment. (Source: TOE) ramp English: catastrophe English definition: A sudden, widespread disaster or calamity that greatly exceeds the resources of an area or region. (Source: HMD) rampen English: disaster English definition: The result of a vast ecological breakdown in the relations between man and his environment, a serious and sudden event (or slow, as in drought) on such a scale that the stricken community needs extraordinary efforts to cope with it, often with outside help or international aid. (Source: GUNN) rampen(bestrijdings)dienst English: disaster control service English definition: Work done or agency established to analyze, plan, assign and coordinate available resources in order to prepare for, respond to, mitigate and recover from damage caused by an ecological calamity, natural or human in origin. (Source: ISEP / PPB) rampen, ongevallen, gevaren, risico English: disasters, accidents, risk rampenparaatheid English: disaster preparedness English definition: The aggregate of measures to be taken in view of disasters, consisting of plans and action programmes designed to minimize loss of life and damage, to organize and facilitate effective rescue and relief, and to rehabilitate after disaster. Preparedness requires the necessary legislation and means to cope with disaster or similar emergency situations. It is also concerned with forecasting and warning, the education and training of the public, organization and management, including plans, training of personnel, the stockpiling of supplies and ensuring the needed funds and other resources. (Source: GUNN) rampenplan English: disaster contingency plan English definition: An anticipatory emergency plan to be followed in an expected or eventual disaster, based on risk assessment, availability of human and material resources, community preparedness, local and international response capability, etc. (Source: ECHO1) rampenplan English: risk exposure plan English definition: A scheme or method of acting that takes effect if the probability of harm to an area or its population increases beyond a normal level. (Source: ISEP / HMD) rampenpreventie English: disaster prevention English definition: The aggregate of approaches and measures to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not cause or result in disaster or similar emergency. It implies the formulation and implementation of long-range policies and programmes to eliminate or prevent the occurrence of disasters. (Source: GUNN) rampgebied English: disaster zone English definition: Zone that has been stricken by a disaster and where measures must be taken to reduce the severity of the human and material damage caused by it. (Source: GUNN) rangeerterrein English: shunting yard English definition: Area where a car or a train can be shoven or turned off or moved from one track to another. (Source: MGH) rapporteringsproces English: reporting process raster English: raster English definition: One of the two major types of internal data organization used in GIS. Raster systems superimpose a regular grid over the area of interest and associate each cell-or pixel, to use the image term- with one or more data records. The values associated with each grid cell may represent either real values or any scalar or nominal data values associated with the cell coordinates. Among the strengths of the raster method is its ability to accept data directly from remote sensing systems and to represent transitional information. Raster systems tend to be relatively storage-intensive and this imposes practical limits on the area of coverage, the resolution, or both of these. Capacity constraints are, however, becoming less significant as computer memory and storage become more powerful and as data compression techniques become more readily available. (Source: YOUNG) raster English: gridding English definition: A system of uniformly spaced perpendicular lines and horizontal lines running north and south, and east and west on a map, chart, or aerial photograph; used in locating points. (Source: MGH) reactiekinetiek English: reaction kinetics English definition: That branch of physical chemistry concerned with the mechanisms and rates of chemical reactions. (Source: MGH) reactor English: reactor English definition: A device that introduces either inductive or capacitive reactance into a circuit, such as a coil or capacitor. (Source: MGH) reactorveiligheid English: reactor safety English definition: Those studies and activities that seek to minimise the risk of a nuclear reactor accident. (Source: RRDA) recht English: law (science) English definition: Complex of rules fixed by law or custom which regulate social relations. (Source: ZINZAN) recht op informatie English: right to information English definition: The individual's right to know in general about the existence of data banks, the right to be informed on request and the general right to a print-out of the information registered and to know the actual use made of the information. (Source: ECHO1) recht op schadevergoeding English: right to compensation English definition: A legally enforceable claim for payment or reimbursement to pay for damages, loss or injury, or for remuneration to pay for services rendered, whether in fees, commissions or salary. (Source: BLD) rechten English: rights English definition: 1) Title to or an interest in any property.2) Any interest or privilege recognized and protected by law. (Source: DICLAW) rechten van het individu English: rights of the individual English definition: Just claims, legal guarantees or moral principles accorded to each and every member of a group or state, including the freedom to do certain things and the freedom from certain intrusions imposed by the collective body. (Source: APS / RHW) rechten van toekomstige generaties English: rights of future generations English definition: The moral, legal or ethical claims of posterity on present people, based on the recognition that the young and unborn are vulnerable to contemporary decision-making, especially decisions having long-term effect on the societies and environment they inherit. (Source: FUT) rechterlijk orgaan English: judicial body English definition: Any public organization or branch of government responsible for the administration of justice or the enforcement of laws. (Source: BLD) rechtsbijstand English: judicial assistance English definition: A program sponsored or administered by a government to guide through and represent in court proceedings persons who are in financial need and cannot afford private counsel. (Source: BLD) rechtsgang English: legal procedure English definition: Term includes all proceedings authorised or sanctioned by law, and brought or instituted in a court of legal tribunal, for the acquiring of a right or the enforcement of a remedy. (Source: WESTS) rechtsgebied English: jurisdiction English definition: The power of a court to hear and decide a case or make a certain order. (Source: DICLAW) rechtsgebied English: law branch English definition: A subdivision of the body of principles and regulations established by a government or other authority, generally defined by its scope or application. (Source: BLD / ISEP) rechtsgrond(slag) English: legal basis English definition: The fundamental law or judicial precedent that warrants or supports a subsequent decision or action by any governmental, corporate or private entity. (Source: BLD) rechtsmiddel English: legal remedy English definition: The means by which a right is enforced or the violation of a right is prevented, redressed, or compensated. (Source: BLACK) rechtsregel English: judiciary rule English definition: Specific norms, regulations and precedents governing the conduct, procedure and arrangement of a judicial system, its various divisions and its officers. (Source: BLD) rechtsregel English: legal regulation English definition: Any order or rule issued by a government stipulating its procedures for the creation, execution or adjudication of laws. (Source: BLD) rechtsstelsel English: judicial system English definition: Entire network of courts in a particular jurisdiction. (Source: WESTS) rechtsstelsel English: legal system English definition: The organization and network of courts and other institutions, procedures and customs, officers and other personnel concerned with interpretation and enforcement of a country's law or with advice and assistance in matters pertaining to those laws. (Source: OCT / RHW) rechtszaak English: trial English definition: A judicial examination and determination of issues between parties to action; whether they need issues of law or of fact. A judicial examination, in accordance with law of the land, of a cause, either civil or criminal, of the issues between the parties, whether of law or fact, before a court that has proper jurisdiction. (Source: WESTS) rechtvaardiging van administratieve handelingen English: motivation of administrative acts English definition: The underlying reason or cause, a psychological or social factor, that incites or stimulates managers, executives or supervisors to complete tasks that achieve organizational or company goals. (Source: OED) rechtvleugeligen English: orthopteran English definition: A heterogeneous order of generalized insects with gradual metamorphosis, chewing mouthparts, and four wings. (Source: MGH) recombinante DNA technologie English: recombinant DNA technology English definition: Techniques and practical applications associated with recombinant DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid artificially introduced into a cell that alters the genotype and phenotype of the cell and is replicated along with the natural DNA). (Source: DELFIN / KOREN) recreatievaart English: cruising English definition: Travelling by sea in a liner for pleasure, usually calling at a number of ports. (Source: CED) reddingsdienst English: rescue service English definition: Service organized to provide immediate assistance to persons injured or in distress. (Source: RRDA) reddingsstelsel English: rescue system English definition: Any series of procedures and devices used by trained personnel to provide immediate assistance to persons who are in danger or injured. (Source: GT2 / HMD) redelijkheid English: reasonableness reden tot (be)zorg(dheid) English: cause for concern principle English definition: Principle connected with the precautionary principle: it means that, if there are strong reasons for expecting serious or irreversible damage to the environment following a given project, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. Critics of this approach are concerned about large commitments of resources to deal with vaguely defined problems. (Source: GILP96a) referentiedienst English: reference service English definition: The provision of aid by library staff trained to interpret library materials and library organizational structures to meet the informational, educational, cultural, recreational or research needs of the library's clients. (Source: OED / LFS) referentiemeting English: baseline monitoring English definition: Monitoring of long-term changes in atmospheric compositions of particular significance to the weather and the climate. (Source: YOUNG) reflectometrie English: reflectometry English definition: The study of the reflectance of light or other radiant energy. (Source: WEBSTE) regelgeving milieuverontreiniging English: pollution control regulation English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty in which limits are established for the emission of substances that harm or adversely alter the environment and human health. (Source: TOE / BLD) regen English: rain English definition: Precipitation in the form of liquid water drops with diameters greater than 0.5 millimeter. (Source: MGH) regenwater English: rain water English definition: Water which falls as rain from clouds. (Source: PHC) regenwormen English: earthworm English definition: Any of numerous oligochaete worms of the genera Lumbricus, Allolobophora, Eisenia, etc., which burrow in the soil and help aerate and break up the ground. (Source: CED) regenwoud English: rain forest English definition: A forest of broad-leaved, mainly evergreen, trees found in continually moist climates in the tropics, subtropics, and some parts of the temperate zones. (Source: MGH) regering (kabinet) English: government (cabinet) English definition: A body of top government officials appointed to advise the President or the chief executive officer of a country, usually consisting of the heads of government departments or agencies. (Source: OED) regering van een grondgebied English: territorial government English definition: An administrative body or system in which political direction or control is exercised over a designated area or an administrative division of a city, county or larger geographical area. (Source: RHW / BLD) regeringsvorm English: form of government English definition: Form of authority in which an individual or group of individuals wield power over the majority. (Source: WSU) registratie English: registration English definition: An instance of or a certificate attesting to the fact of entering in an official list various pieces of information in order to facilitate regulation or authorization, including one's name, contact information and, in some instances, data concerning a specific possession or property. (Source: BLD / RHW) registratie van stoffen English: recording of substances registratieplicht English: registration obligation English definition: The duty to formally enroll with a government agency or an authority in order to be granted certain rights, particularly trademark or copyright privileges, or the permission to sell and distribute a product. (Source: BLD) registratieprocedure English: registration proceeding English definition: The course of action or record in which an individual, company or an organization formally enrolls with a government agency or an authority in order to be granted certain rights, particularly trademark or copyright privileges, or the permission to sell and distribute a product. (Source: BLD) regulerend toezicht English: regulatory control English definition: Government supervision over the obligations and rights of an industry or enterprise for the purpose of providing the public with services that are considered important, vital or necessary to most members of a community or area. (Source: DAM) regulerende wet English: regulative law reiniging English: cleansing English definition: The act or process of washing, laundering or removing dirt and other unwanted substances from the surface of an object, thing or place. (Source: RHW) reinigingsdienst English: cleansing department English definition: A division, usually within municipal government, responsible for providing services that remove dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from city or town property. (Source: ISEP) reinigingsmiddel English: lye English definition: The alkaline solution that is obtained from the leaching of wood ashes. (Source: MGH) reinigingsproduct English: cleansing product reiskosten English: travel cost English definition: Expenditure of money or the amount of money incurred for journeying or going from one place to another by some mode of transportation. (Source: ISEP / RHW) reizen English: travel English definition: Moving from one place to another generally by using a transportation mean. (Source: RRDA) reizen in de minder drukke periode English: off-peak travelling English definition: Relating to travelling outside rush-hours to avoid overcrowding in public means of transport. (Source: WPRa) relaties tussen de Aarde en de Zon English: Earth-Sun relationship English definition: The Earth depends on the sun for its existence as a planet hospitable to life, and solar energy is the major factor determining the climate. Hence, conditions on the sun and conditions on Earth are inextricably linked. Although the sun's rays may appear unchanging, its radiation does vary. Many scientists suspect that sunspot activity has a greater influence on climatic change than variations attributed to the greenhouse effect. (Source: WRIGHT) relationele database English: relational database English definition: A collection of digital information items organized as a set of formally described tables from which the information can be accessed or reassembled in different ways without reorganizing the tables. (Source: WIC) relief English: relief (land) English definition: The physical shape, configuration or general unevenness of a part of the Earth's surface, considered with reference to variation of height and slope or to irregularities of the land surface; the elevation or difference in elevation, considered collectively, of a land surface. (Source: BJGEO) remmingsbekken English: retarding basin English definition: A basin designed and operated to provide temporary storage and thus reduce the peak flood flows of a stream. (Source: MGH) remote sensing English: remote sensing English definition: 1) The scientific detection, recognition, inventory and analysis of land and water area by the use of distant sensors or recording devices such as photography, thermal scanners, radar, etc. 2) Complex of techniques for the remote measure of electromagnetic energy emitted by objects. (Source: LANDY / ZINZAN) remote-sensingcentrum English: remote sensing centre English definition: Centre where remote sensing data are stored, handled and analyzed. (Source: GILP96a) renaturatie English: renaturation English definition: A process of returning natural ecosystems or habitats to their original structure and species composition. Restoration requires a detailed knowledge of the original species, ecosystem functions and interacting processes involved. (Source: DUNSTE) rentebetaling English: debt service English definition: The fees or amount of money necessary to pay interest on an outstanding debt, the principal of maturing serial bonds, and the required contributions to an amortization or sinking fund for term bonds. (Source: EFP) reptielen English: reptile English definition: A class of terrestrial vertebrates, characterized by the lack of hair, feathers, and mammary glands; the skin is covered with scales, they have a three chambered heart and the pleural and peritoneal cavities are continuous. (Source: MGH) reservaat English: reserve English definition: Any area of land or water that has been set aside for a special purpose, often to prevent or reduce harm to its wildlife and ecosystems. (Source: RHW / DOE) reservaat voor in het wild levende planten en dieren English: wildlife sanctuary English definition: 1) An area, usually in natural condition, which is reserved (set aside) by a governmental or private agency for the protection of particular species of animals during part or all of the year. 2) An area designated for the protection of wild animals, within which hunting and fishing is either prohibited or strictly controlled. (Source: UNUN / LANDY) reserve van de biosfeer English: biosphere reserve English definition: Protected land and coastal areas that are approved under the Man and Biosphere programme (MAB) in conjunction with the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Each reserve has to have an ecosystem that is recognized for its diversity and usefulness as a conservation unit. The reserves have at least one core area where there can be no interference with the natural ecosystem. A transition zone surrounds this and within it scientific research is allowed. Beyond this is a buffer zone which protects the whole reserve from agricultural, industrial and urban development. Biosphere reserves and buffer zones were regarded as examples of a new generation of conservation techniques. (Source: WRIGHT) resolutie English: resolution (parameter) English definition: A remote sensing term which has three separate applications: a) spatial resolution, which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects that are spatially close to each other. It is a measure of the smallest angular or linear separation between two objects. b) Spectral resolution which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects which are spectrally similar. It is a measure of both the discreteness of wavebands and the sensitivity of the sensor to distinguish between electromagnetic radiation intensity levels. c) Thermal resolution which refers to the ability of a sensor to distinguish between objects with a similar temperature. (Source: WHIT) resorptie English: resorption English definition: Absorption or, less commonly, adsorption of material by a body or system from which the material was previously released. (Source: MGH) rest English: residue English definition: Any materials, solid or semisolid, left over from incineration, evaporation or other processes. (Source: DEE / ISEP) restafval English: residual waste English definition: Material left after any waste treatment process, including industrial, urban, agricultural, mining or other similar treatments. (Source: ERG / ISEP) restanalyse English: residue analysis English definition: Analysis of residues from agricultural chemicals used in food crops and contained in foodstuff. The analyses use gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunoassays, etc. (Source: RRDA / USDA) restauratie van gebouwen English: building restoration English definition: The accurate reestablishment of the form and details of a building, its artifacts, and the site on which it is located, usually as it appeared at a particular time. (Source: HARRIS) resten van bestrijdingsmiddellen English: residual pesticide English definition: A pesticide remaining in the environment for a fairly long time, continuing to be effective for days, weeks, and months. (Source: HMD) restrisico English: residual risk English definition: Remaining potential for harm to persons, property or the environment following all possible efforts to reduce predictable hazards. (Source: TOE) restslib English: residual waste sludge English definition: The excess, unusable semi-solids or sediment resulting from a wastewater treatment or industrial process. (Source: RHW / TOE) reuk English: odour English definition: The property of a substance affecting the sense of smell; any smell; scent; perfume. (Source: LEE) richtlijn English: directive English definition: The second rank of administrative acts (inferior to regulations, superior to decisions) made by the council or commission of the European Communities on order to carry out their tasks in accordance with the Treaties. They must be addressed to states, not individuals, but many create rights for individuals or allow the directive to be pleaded before municipal court. richtlijn inzake de waterkwaliteit English: water quality directive English definition: EC Directive establishing the rules relating to water for human consumption. (Source: DIRAMB) richtlijn voor de waterbescherming English: water protection directive richtlijn voor proeven English: testing guideline riet English: reed English definition: Any of various types of tall stiff grass-like plants growing together in groups near water. (Source: CAMB) rif English: reef English definition: A line of rocks in the tidal zone of a coast, submerged at high water but partly uncovered at low water. (Source: WHIT) rijst English: rice English definition: An erect grass, Oryza sativa, that grows in East Asia on wet ground and has drooping flower spikes and yellow oblong edible grains that become white when polished. (Source: CED) ringen English: ringing (wildlife) English definition: To attach a numbered ring to the leg of a bird so that its movements can be recorded. Ringing is a very common method of tracing bird movement and providing information about bird's ages. It can also cause stress to the birds. (Source: PHC) ringwormen English: annelid English definition: Any worms of the phylum Anellida, in which the body is divided into segments both internally and externally. The group includes the earthworms, lugworm, ragworm, and leeches. (Source: CED) rioolslib English: sewage sludge English definition: A semi-liquid waste with a solid concentration in excess of 2500 parts per million, obtained from the purification of municipal sewage. (Source: MGH) rioolstelsel English: sewerage system English definition: System of pipes, usually underground, for carrying waste water and human waste away from houses and other buildings, to a place where they can be safely get rid of. (Source: CAMB) rioolwaterverwerking English: sewage disposal risico op kanker English: cancer risk English definition: The probability that exposure to some agent or substance will adversely transform cells to replicate and form a malignant tumor. (Source: APD / HMD) risico op kernongevallen English: nuclear hazard English definition: Risk or danger to human health or the environment posed by radiation emanating from the atomic nuclei of a given substance, or the possibility of an uncontrolled explosion originating from a fusion or fission reaction of atomic nuclei. (Source: MHD / TOE) risicoanalyse English: risk analysis English definition: Technique used to determine the likelihood or chance of hazardous events occurring (such as release of a certain quantity of a toxic gas) and the likely consequences. Originally developed for use in nuclear and chemical industry where certain possible events, of low probability, could have extremely serious results. Attempts are being made to use concepts from probabilistic risk analysis to characterise environmental impacts, whose occurrence and nature are not easy to predict with any degree of accuracy. (Source: ERIN) risicoanalyse English: danger analysis English definition: The process of evaluating the scale and probability of harm caused by any hazard to persons, property or the environment. (Source: ISEP / DDP) risico-batenanalyse English: risk-benefit analysis English definition: A systematic process of evaluating and assessing the hazards of loss versus the possibility of financial gain or profit. (Source: OED) risicobeheer English: risk management English definition: The process of evaluating and selecting alternative regulatory and non-regulatory responses to prepare for the probability of an accidental occurrence and its expected magnitude of damage, including the consideration of legal, economic and behavioral factors. (Source: HMD / TOE) risicobeperking English: risk reduction English definition: Any act, instance or process lowering the probability that harm will come to an area or its population as the result of some hazard. (Source: ISEP / TOE) risico's English: risk English definition: The expected number of lives lost, persons injured, damage to property and disruption of economic activity due to a particular natural phenomenon, and consequently the product of the probability of occurrence and the expected magnitude of damage. (Source: GUNN / RRDA) rivier English: river English definition: A stream of water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing. A river and all its tributaries within a single basin is termed a drainage system. (Source: WHIT) rivier hulpbronnen English: fluvial resource English definition: Any source of supply derived from a river, particularly its water, which is collected, stored and treated, then distributed for domestic, industrial, farm and other uses. (Source: WWC) rivierbedding English: river bed English definition: The channel containing or formerly containing the water of a river. (Source: BJGEO) rivierbeheer English: river management English definition: The administration or handling of a waterway or a stream of flowing water. (Source: RHW) rivierbekkenontwikkeling English: river basin development English definition: Any growth, maturation or change in an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. (Source: TOE) rivierlozing English: river disposal English definition: Discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous waste into a river. rivieroevers; oeverstrook; rivieroeverstrook; rivier oeverstrook English: riparian zone English definition: 1) Terrestrial areas where the vegetation complex and microclimate are products of the combined pressure and influence of perennial and/or intermittent water... and soils that exhibit some wetness characteristics.2) Zone situated on the bank of a water course such as a river or stream. (Source: DUNSTE / GILP96) rivierverontreiniging English: river pollution English definition: The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of river water, or a river ecosystem. (Source: Landy) rivierwater English: river water English definition: Water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing. (Source: WHIT) robbevangst English: sealing English definition: Luting, making watertight, waterproofing. (Source: ECHO2) rode lijst English: red list English definition: The series of publications produced by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). They provide an inventory on the threat to rare plants and animal species. Information includes status, geographical distribution, population size, habitat and breeding rate. The books also contain the conservation measures, if any, that have been taken to protect the species. There are five categories of rarity status: endangered species; vulnerable organisms, which are those unlikely to adapt to major environmental effects; rare organisms, which are those at risk because there are few of them in the world, such as plants which only grow on mountain peaks or on islands; out of danger species, which were formerly in the above categories, but have had the threat removed because of conservation actions; and indeterminate species, which are the plants and animals probably at risk, although not enough is known about them to assess their status. (Source: WRIGHT) roet English: soot English definition: Impure black carbon with oily compounds obtained from the incomplete combustion of resinous materials, oils, wood, or coal. (Source: MGH) roken English: smoking English definition: The inhalation and exhalation of carcinogenic fumes from burning plant material, usually tobacco. (Source: MED / HHR) rolgeluid English: rolling noise English definition: Deeply resounding, reverberating noise caused by the friction between car tyres and road surfaces. (Source: CEDa) rond plein [geografie] English: geographic circque English definition: A deep steep-walled half-bowl-like recess or hollow, variously described as horseshoe- or crescent-shaped or semi-circular in plan, situated high on the side of a mountain and commonly at the head of a glacial valley and produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier. It often contains a small round lake, and it may or may not be occupied by ice or snow. (Source: BJGEO) rondschrijven English: circular mail English definition: A memorandum, letter or notice in either paper or electronic format distributed widely throughout an organization or to a general list of interested parties. (Source: RHW) rontgenstraling English: X ray English definition: A penetrating electromagnetic radiation, usually generated by accelerating electrons to high velocity and suddenly stopping them by collision with a solid body, or by inner-shell transitions of atoms with atomic number greater than 10; their wavelength ranges from about 10(-5) angstrom to 10(3) angstroms, the average wavelength used in research being 1 angstrom. (Source: MGH) roofdier English: predator English definition: Animal which kills and eats other animals. (Source: PHC) roofvogel English: bird of prey English definition: Any of various carnivorous bird of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes which feed on meat taken by hunting. (Source: MGH) rooilijn; lijn English: alignment English definition: The selection and detailed layout of public transport routes in the light of construction, operation, service, technology, and economic criteria. (Source: ECHO2) rook English: smoke English definition: An aerosol, consisting of visible particles and gases, produced by the incomplete burning of carbon-based materials, such as wood and fossil fuels. (Source: FFD) rookgas English: flue gas English definition: The gaseous combustion product generated by a furnace and often exhausted through a chimney (flue). (Source: APD / Landy) rookpreventie English: smoke prevention rubber English: rubber English definition: A cream to dark brown elastic material obtained by coagulating and drying the latex from certain plants, especially the rubber tree. (Source: CED) rubberafval English: rubber waste English definition: Any refuse or unwanted material made of synthetic or natural rubber, often the byproduct of rubber processing. (Source: RHW) rubberverwerkende industrie English: rubber processing industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of commercial enterprises is engaged in the manufacture and marketing of natural or synthetic rubber products. (Source: RHW) rubberverwerking English: rubber processing English definition: The systematic series of actions in which a solid substance deriving from rubber trees and plants is toughened and treated chemically to give it the strength, elasticity, resistance and other qualities needed for the manufacture of products such as erasers, elastic bands, water hoses, electrical insulation and tires. (Source: RHW) ruigte English: brushwood English definition: Woody vegetation including shrubs and scrub trees of non-commercial height and form, often seen in the initial stages of succession following a disturbance. Brush often grows in very dense thickets that are impenetrable to wild animals and serve to suppress the growth of more desirable crop trees. However, brush can also serve an important function as desirable habitat for a range or bird, animal, and invertebrate species, and often provides a good source of browse and cover for larger wildlife. It adds structural diversity within the forest and is important in riparian zones. It is also termed scrub. (Source: DUNSTE) ruilverkaveling English: land consolidation English definition: Joining small plots of land together to form larger farms or large fields. (Source: PHC) ruimolie English: bilge oil English definition: Waste oil that accumulates, usually in small quantities, inside the lower spaces of a ship, just inside the shell plating, and usually mixed with larger quantities of water. (Source: ERG) ruimte English: space ruimte English: space ruimte (uitrustingsprogramma) English: outer space (allocation plan) English definition: Area out of closed settlements or building. (Source: RRDA) ruimte; interplanetaire ruimte English: space; interplanetary space English definition: Space extending between the sun and the planets of the solar system. Interplanetary space is not empty, but contains dust, particles with an electric charge, and the magnetic field of the sun (also called the IMF, or Interplanetary Magnetic Field). (Source: CED / WINDOW) ruimte-afval English: space waste English definition: Nonfunctional debris of human origin left in a multitude of orbits about the earth as the result of the exploration and use of the environment lying outside the earth's atmosphere. (Source: MHD / ORB) ruimtelijke ordening English: physical planning English definition: A form of urban land use planning which attempts to achieve an optimal spatial coordination of different human activities for the enhancement of the quality of life. (Source: LANDY) ruimtelijke verdeling English: spatial distribution English definition: A distribution or set of geographic observations representing the values of behaviour of a particular phenomenon or characteristic across many locations on the surface of the Earth. (Source: GOOD) ruimte-onderzoek English: space research English definition: Research involving studies of all aspects of environmental conditions beyond the atmosphere of the earth. (Source: MGH) ruimtevaart English: space travel English definition: Travel in the space beyond the earth's atmosphere performed for scientific research purposes. (Source: RRDA) ruimtevaartbeleid English: space policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government or some other organization, which seeks to support research and the exploration of planets, asteroids and other elements in the region beyond earth's atmosphere or beyond the solar system. (Source: OED) ruimtevaartkunde English: astronautics English definition: The science of space flight. (Source: MGH) ruimwater English: bilge water English definition: Water that builds up in the bottom of a ship's bilge. (Source: MGH) runderachtigen English: bovid English definition: Any animal belonging to the Bovidae family. (Source: CED) runderachtigen English: bovine runderen English: cattle English definition: Domesticated bovine animals, including cows, steers and bulls, raised and bred on a ranch or farm. (Source: MGH) rustvorm English: resting form English definition: Resistant structure that allows the organism to survive adverse environmental conditions. (Source: ALL2) ruwe aardolie English: crude oil English definition: A comparatively volatile liquid bitumen composed principally of hydrocarbon, with traces of sulphur, nitrogen or oxygen compounds; can be removed from the earth in a liquid state. (Source: MGH) salamanders English: salamander English definition: Any of various urodele amphibians, such as Salamandra salamandra of central and S Europe. They are typically terrestrial, have an elongated body, and only return to water to breed. (Source: CED) salmonella English: salmonella English definition: General name for a family of microorganisms, one of the largest groups of bacteria, that includes those most frequently implicated in food poisoning and gastroenteritis. Unhygienic handling and inadequate cooking of poultry and meat, improper storage of cold meats and, more recently, contamination of battery-reared hen eggs, are the most common sources of salmonella infections. (Source: WRIGHT) samendrukking English: compaction English definition: Reduction of the bulk of solid waste by rolling and tamping. (Source: LEE) samendrukking English: compression English definition: Reduction in the volume of a substance due to pressure. (Source: MGH) samengestelde verontreiniging English: composite pollution English definition: Emissions of ozone-degrading gases (CFCs, halons); emissions of greenhouse gases (carbondioxide, methane, CFCs, nitrous oxides, halons); emissions of acidifying gases (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides); emissions of substances that contribute to eutrophication (phosphate and nitrogen-containing materials); emissions of toxic materials (pesticides, radioactive substances, priority toxic substances); solid wastes returned to the environment. (Source: UNEP) samengestelde voeding English: convenience food English definition: Food so prepared and presented as to be easily and quickly ready for consumption. (Source: ECHO2) samenleving, maatschappij English: society samenstelling van afval English: waste composition English definition: The component material types, by percentage or weight, emanating from any source. (Source: AWD) samenstelling van de atmosfeer English: atmospheric composition English definition: The chemical abundance in the earth's atmosphere of its constituents including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapour, ozone, neon, helium, krypton, methane, hydrogen and nitrous oxide. (Source: MGH) samenstelling van de bevolking English: composition of population English definition: The constituent groupings and proportions of the total inhabitants of a given nation, area, region or city, as seen from various perspectives. (Source: RHW) samenwerking English: co-operation samenwerkingsbeleid English: co-operation policy English definition: Political course of action aiming at establishing trade agreements among the states. (Source: NDGIUR) samenwerkingsprincipe English: co-operation principle saneren English: cleaning up English definition: The process of bringing desert, marsh, sea coast or other waste or unproductive land into use or cultivation. (Source: GOOD) sanitair English: sanitary fitting English definition: The set of furnishings designed for personal hygiene and the disposal of organic waste. (Source: ZINZAN) satelliet English: satellite English definition: An object that orbits around a larger one. Artificial satellites orbiting the Earth are used for communications, the gathering of military intelligence, the monitoring of weather and other environmental phenomena, etc. (Source: ALL) satellietbeeld English: satellite image English definition: A pictorial representation of data projected onto a two-dimensional grid of individual picture elements (pixels) and acquired from a human-made vessel placed in orbit round a planet, moon or star. (Source: RSG) satellietrekening English: satellite account English definition: A separate financial record or statement that discloses financial activity in a particular area and supplements existing financial records. (Source: RHW) scenario English: scenario English definition: Conditions of the environment chosen for a given survey or activity. (Source: RRDA) schaal- en schelpdierencultuur English: shellfish farming English definition: Raising of shellfish in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters, for commercial purposes. All commercial shellfish beds producing bivalve molluscs must be monitored for microbial contamination. Samples of water and shellfish flesh must be tested for the presence of algal toxins. Periodic monitoring of fish and shellfish must be carried out to check for the presence of contaminants. (Source: WRIGHTa / MAFF) schaal-en schelpdieren English: shellfish schaapachtigen English: ovine English definition: Horned ruminant mammals raised in many breeds for wool, edible flesh, or skin. (Source: AMHER) schade English: damage English definition: An injury or harm impairing the function or condition of a person or thing. (Source: CED) schade aan akkers English: field damage English definition: A decline in the productivity of an area of land or in its ability to support natural ecosystems or types of agriculture. Degradation may be caused by a variety of factors, including inappropriate land management techniques, soil erosion, salinity, flooding, clearing, pests, pollution, climatic factors, or progressive urbanization. (Source: GILP96) schade aan de bodem English: soil damage English definition: Soil impaired as a consequence of human activity. A study financed by UNEP, reporting in 1992, found that about 10,5% of the world's vegetative surface had been seriously damaged by human activity since 1945. The study found that much of the damage had been masked by a general rise in global agricultural productivity resulting from expanded irrigation, better plant varieties, and greater use of production inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides. More than 1/3 of the damaged land was in Asia, almost 1/3 in Africa, and 1/4 in Central America. Some land had been damaged beyond restoration. The greatest sources of soil degradation were overgrazing, unsuitable agricultural practices, and deforestation. (Source: GILP96) schade aan dieren English: animal damage English definition: Harm caused to the environment by animals as, for instance, in the case of overgrazing, trampling, etc. Overgrazing damage is reduced by properly located watering facilities to decrease daily travel by livestock. Rotation of grazing areas allows time for recovery of grass. Some land can be easily restored if grazing is allowed only during one season. Animals may cause damage to crops when agriculture land borders on virgin territory or game reserves. In addition wild animals may bring disease in valuable domestic herds. Cattle overstocking has caused serious degradation of habitat, and cattle raising is thus, to some extent, counterproductive. (Source: WPR) schade aan het bos English: forest damage English definition: Reduction of tree population in forests caused by acidic precipitation, forest fires, air pollution, deforestation, pests and diseases of trees, wildlife, etc. (Source: WPR) schade ten gevolg van militaire oefeningen English: damage from military manoeuvres English definition: Injury or harm resulting from the planned movement of armed forces or from the tactical exercises simulating war operations that is carried out for training and evaluation purposes. (Source: GT2 / JSS) schadeloosstellingseis English: claim for restitution English definition: A legal remedy in which a person or party may demand or assert the right to be restored to a former or original position prior to loss, damage or injury. (Source: BLD) schademinimalisering English: minimisation of damage English definition: The activity of reducing the harm or injury done to the environment or ecosystem. (Source: OED) schadevergoeding English: indemnity English definition: Financial compensation, reimbursement or security for damages or loss offered by a government, insurance policy or contractual agreement under specified conditions and for specific casualties. (Source: BLD) schadevergoeding English: compensation for damage English definition: Equivalent in money or other form for a loss sustained for an injury, for property taken, etc. (Source: BLACK) schadevergoeding; vergoeding English: compensation English definition: Equivalent in money for a loss sustained; equivalent given for property taken or for an injury done to another; recompense or reward for some loss, injury or service. (Source: WESTS) schadeverzekering English: damage insurance English definition: A commercial product which provides a guarantee against damage to property in return for premiums paid. (Source: RHW / ISEP) scheepsafval English: ship garbage English definition: Domestic and operational wastes, disposed of continuously or periodically, that are generated during the normal operation of a ship; usually excluding fresh fish waste from fishing operations. (Source: NGT) scheepsbouw English: shipbuilding English definition: The art or business of designing and constructing ships. (Source: AMHER) scheepswerktuigkunde English: marine engineering English definition: The design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance of main power plants, as well as the associated auxiliary machinery and equipment, for the propulsion of ships. (Source: MGH) scheepvaartongeluk English: shipping accident English definition: An unexpected incident, failure or loss involving a vessel or its contents in the course of commercial transport that poses potential harm to persons, property or the environment. (Source: RHW) scheider voor lichte vloeistoffen English: separator of light liquids English definition: A mechanical device for separating and removing residues from fuel and lubricating oil from waste water coming from filling stations and industrial plants in order to avoid pollution of water bodies; this system is based on the different specific weights of water and fuel residues that float on the water and can be easily removed. (Source: RRDA) scheiding bij de bron English: separation at source English definition: Segregating various wastes at the point of generation (e.g. separation of paper, metal and glass from other wastes) to make recycling simpler and more efficient. (Source: EPAGLO) scheiding van stoffen English: separation English definition: The separation of one substance from another when they are intimately mixed. For example the removal of oil from water, or gas from oil or oil from gas, etc. (Source: BRACK) scheikunde, stoffen, processen English: chemistry, substances, processes scheikunde,chemie English: chemistry scherm English: shielding device English definition: Barriers devised for keeping away from people harmful substances. (Source: KORENa) scherpte van het gehoor English: hearing acuity English definition: Effectiveness of hearing. (Source: CAMB) schietbaan English: shooting range English definition: Area designed for target shooting. (Source: CED) schildersbedrijf English: painting business English definition: A commercial service through which paint, a decorative or protective coating product, or similar products are applied to the interiors and exteriors of buildings and other surfaces. (Source: RHW) schildpad English: tortoise English definition: Any herbivorous terrestrial chelonian reptile of the family Testudinidae, of most warm regions, having a heavy dome-shaped shell and clawed limbs. (Source: CED) schimmeldodend middel English: fungicide English definition: Chemicals used to kill or halt the development of fungi that cause plant disease, such as: storage rot; seedling diseases; root rots; vascular wilts; leaf blights, rusts, smuts and mildews, and viral diseases. These can be controlled by the early and continued application of selected fungicides that either kill the pathogens or restrict their development. (Source: WRIGHT) schip English: ship English definition: A vessel propelled by engines or sails for navigating on the water, especially a large vessel that can not be carried aboard another, as distinguished from a boat. (Source: CED) schip met dubbele romp English: twin-hull craft English definition: Oil tank vessels provided with a double-hull to meet the regulatory safety requirements in oil transportation. Requirements include minimum values for depths and breadth of double bottoms. Also called double-hull tank vessel. (Source: PZa) schone technologie English: clean technology English definition: Industrial process which causes little or no pollution. (Source: PHC) school English: school English definition: An institution or building at which children and young people receive education. (Source: CED) schoolleven English: school life English definition: Any part or the sum of experiences had while attending an instructional institution, or the amount of time spent in such a program. (Source: ISEP / RHW) schoolonderwijs English: school teaching English definition: Instruction or training received in any educational institution, but especially to persons under college age. (Source: RHW) schoolwerk English: schoolwork English definition: The material studied in or for an educational institution, comprising homework and work done in the classroom. (Source: RHW) schoonmaakbedrijf English: contract cleaner English definition: A commercial service provider, usually bound by a written agreement, responsible for the removal of dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from any property. (Source: RHW) schoorsteen English: chimney English definition: A vertical structure of brick, masonry, or steel that carries smoke or steam away from a fire, engine, etc. (Source: CED) schoorsteenhoogte English: chimney height English definition: The appropriate height for chimneys serving industrial combustion plants in order to avoid unacceptable pollution. (Source: PORT) schroot English: scrap material English definition: Recyclable material from any manufacturing process or discarded consumer products. (Source: APD) schroot English: scrap metal English definition: Any metal material discarded from manufacturing operations and usually suitable for reprocessing. (Source: TOE) schroothoop English: scrap dump English definition: Area where waste material, especially metal, is dumped. (Source: CED) schrootmarkt English: scrap material market English definition: The trade or traffic in discarded or leftover materials that can be reused in some way. (Source: RHW / ISEP) schrootprijs English: scrap material price English definition: The amount of money or the monetary rate at which materials discarded from manufacturing operations can be bought or sold. (Source: TOE / RHW) schubvleugeligen English: lepidopteran English definition: A large order of scaly-winged insects, including the butterflies, skippers, and moths; adults are characterized by two pairs of membranous wings and sucking mouthparts, featuring a prominent, coiled proboscis. (Source: MGH) schuilplaats English: shelter English definition: Cover or protection, as from weather or danger; place of refuge. (Source: CED) schuilplaats English: emergency lodging English definition: Housing or dwelling space provided for victims of a sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence, especially when harm has been done to human life, property or the environment. (Source: RHW) schuimmiddel English: foaming agent English definition: Substances which make it possible to form a homogenous dispersion of a gaseous phase in a liquid or solid medium. (Source: ECHO1) schuld English: debt English definition: Something owed to someone else. (Source: SCRUZ) schuld van de ontwikkelingslanden English: developing countries debt secundaire behandeling English: secondary treatment English definition: Stage of the process of waste water treatment: following primary treatment by sedimentation, the second step in most wastewater systems in which biological organisms decompose most of the organic matter into a innocuous, stable form. (Source: CORBIT / WQA) secundaire biotoop English: secondary biotope English definition: In the case of disruption of an existing biotope, secondary biotope can be created as a compensation and substitute measure for the loss of the natural one. (Source: RRDA) secundaire sector English: secondary sector English definition: The part of a country or region's economy that produces commodities without much direct use of natural resources. (Source: ODE) sedimentbeweging English: sediment mobilisation English definition: The transport or setting in motion by wind or water of insoluble particulate matter. (Source: APD / RHW) sedimentologie English: sedimentology English definition: The scientific study of sedimentary rocks and of the processes by which they were formed; the description, classification, origin, and interpretation of sediments. (Source: BJGEO) sedimentvervoer English: sediment transport English definition: The movement and carrying- away of sediment by natural agents; especially the conveyance of a stream load by suspension, saltation, solution or traction. (Source: BJGEO) seismiciteit English: seismic activity English definition: The phenomenon of Earth movements. (Source: BJGEO) seizoensmigratie English: seasonal migration English definition: The periodic movement of a population from one region or climate to another in accordance with the yearly cycle of weather and temperature changes. (Source: RHW) seizoensverschil English: seasonal variation English definition: In time series, that part of the movement which is assigned to the effect of the seasons on the year. (Source: ECHO2) selectief fokken van dieren English: selective breeding of animals English definition: Breeding of animals having desirable characters. (Source: MGH) selectieve plantenteelt English: selective breeding of plants English definition: Breeding of plants having desirable characters. (Source: MGH) selectieve verspreiding van informatie English: selective dissemination of information English definition: A service provided by a library or other agency that periodically notifies users of new publications, report literature or other data sources in subjects in which the user has specified an interest. (Source: CCL) selectiviteit English: selectivity seleen English: selenium English definition: A highly toxic, nonmetallic element; used in analytical chemistry, metallurgy, and photoelectric cells. (Source: MGH) sensor English: sensor English definition: The generic name for a device that senses either the absolute value or a change in a physical quantity such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, or pH, or the intensity of light, sound, or ratio waves and converts that change into a useful input signal for an information-gathering system. (Source: MGH) septische put English: septic tank English definition: A tank, usually underground, into which sewage flows, the deposited matter being wholly, or partially broken down through anaerobic action. The final effluent may be allowed to soak into the ground through a system of agricultural drains, if the soil is suitable. Alternatively, the tank must be emptied at regular intervals by a special road-tanker. (Source: GILP96) Seveso-richtlijn English: Seveso Directive English definition: Directive issued by the European Community in 1981 that obliged industries to notify the authorities, their own workers, and local residents of dangerous chemicals held, while also laying down rules for the storage of specified chemicals. (Source: GILP96) silicium English: silicon English definition: A brittle metalloid element that exists in two allotropic forms; occurs principally in sand, quartz, granite, feldspar, and clay. It is usually a grey crystalline solid but is also found as a brown amorphous powder. It is used in transistors, rectifiers, solar cells, and alloys. Its compounds are widely used in glass manufacture, the building industry, and in the form of silicones. (Source: CED) silo English: silo English definition: A large round tower on a farm for storing grain or winter food for cattle. (Source: CAMB) simulatie English: simulation English definition: A representation of a problem, situation in mathematical terms, especially using a computer. (Source: CED) sinteren English: sintering English definition: Forming a coherent bonded mass by heating metal powders without melting, used mostly in powder metallurgy. (Source: MGH) skieen English: skiing English definition: Gliding over snow on skis, especially as a sport. (Source: CED) skihelling English: ski run English definition: A trail, slope, or course for skiing. (Source: CED) slaap English: sleep English definition: A periodic state of physiological rest during which consciousness is suspended and metabolic rate is decreased. (Source: CED) slaapstoornis English: sleep disturbance slachtafval English: slaughterhouse waste English definition: Animal body parts cut off in the preparation of carcasses for use as food. This waste can come from several sources including slaughterhouses, restaurants, stores and farms. (Source: OED) slachtdier English: animal for slaughter English definition: Animals bred and killed for the production of food. (Source: RRDA) slachtvee English: beef cattle English definition: Cattle bred for the production of meat. (Source: RRDA) slak; metaalslak; metaalslakken English: slag English definition: A nonmetallic product resulting from the interaction of flux and impurities in the smelting and refining of metals. (Source: MGH) slangen English: snake English definition: Any reptile of the suborder Ophidia, typically having a scaly cylindrical limbless body, fused eyelids, and a jaw modified for swallowing large prey: includes venomous forms such as cobras and rattlesnakes, large nonvenomous constrictors, and small harmless types such as the grass snake. (Source: CED) slechte werking English: malfunction English definition: Failure to function or defective functioning. (Source: CED) slib English: silt English definition: The fine mineral material formed from the erosion of rock fragments and deposited by rivers and lakes. Its particles are the intermediate form between sand and clay. The particles can range in size from 0.01-0.05 mm in diameter. (Source: WRIGHT) slib English: sludge English definition: 1) A soft, soupy, or muddy bottom deposit, such as found on tideland or in a stream bed. 2) A semifluid, slushy, murky mass of sediment resulting from treatment of water, sewage, or industrial and mining wastes, and often appearing as local bottom deposits in polluted bodies of water. (Source: BJGEO) slibgisting English: sludge digestion English definition: A treatment to stabilize raw sludge. The treatment can be either anaerobic process or aerobic process. (Source: LEE) slibstabilisatie English: sludge stabilisation English definition: Usually anaerobic sludge digestion, a treatment that stabilizes raw sludge. Fully digested sludge has little readily biodegradable organic matter. It is not smelly and about 50% of the solids are inorganic. Sludge can also be digested aerobically. slibverbranding English: sludge incineration English definition: A method used for drying and reducing sludge volume and weight. Since incineration requires auxiliary fuel to obtain and maintain high temperature and to evaporate the water contained in the incoming sludge, concentration techniques should be applied before incineration. Sludge incineration is a two-step process involving drying and combustion after a preceding dewatering process, such as filters, drying beds, or centrifuges. (Source: CORBIT) slibverwerking English: sludge treatment English definition: The processing of wastewater sludges to render them innocuous. This may be done by aerobic or anaerobic digestion followed by drying in sand beds, filtering, and incineration, filtering, and drying, or wet air oxidation. slikbezinkingsvijver English: sludge settling pond English definition: Pond for the removal of settleable solids through which wastewater is passed in a treatment works. (Source: LANDY) slikwad; wad English: mud flat English definition: A relatively level area of fine silt along a shore (as in a sheltered estuary) or around an island, alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, or covered by shallow water. (Source: BJGEO) sloopafval English: demolition waste English definition: Masonry or rubble wastes arising from the demolition of buildings or other civil engineering structures. sloot English: ditch English definition: A long, narrow excavation artificially dug in the ground; especially an open and usually unpaved waterway, channel, or trench for conveying water for drainage or irrigation, and usually smaller than a canal. Some ditches may be natural watercourses. (Source: BJGEO) sloperij English: demolition business English definition: The activity of reducing buildings or other structures to rubble. (Source: OED) sluis English: sluice English definition: Vertical sliding gate or valve to regulate the flow of water in a channel or lock. (Source: MGH) sluisdeur English: sluice-gate English definition: A valve or gate fitted to a sluice to control the rate of flow of water. (Source: CED) sluiting English: closing down English definition: The cessation, discontinuation or breaking-off of a business transaction, lease, contract or employment arrangement, usually before its anticipated or stipulated end. (Source: BLD) slurfdieren English: proboscidean English definition: An order of herbivorous placental mammals characterized by having a proboscis, incisors enlarged to become tusks, and pillarlike legs with five toes bound together on a broad pad. (Source: MGH) smaak van water English: water taste English definition: Taste in water can be caused by foreign matter, such as organic compounds, inorganic salts or dissolved gases. These materials may come from domestic, agricultural or natural sources. Some substances found naturally in groundwater, while not necessarily harmful, may impart a disagreeable taste or undesirable property to the water. Magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride are but a few of these. Acceptable waters should be free from any objectionable taste at point of use. (Source: CORBIT) smaakstof English: flavouring English definition: A substance, such as an extract or a spice, that imparts flavor. (Source: AMHER) smeermiddel English: lubricant English definition: A substance used to reduce friction between parts or objects in relative motion. (Source: MGH) smog English: smog English definition: Air pollution consisting of smoke and fog. The air pollution caused by the action of sunlight on unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, mostly from car exhaust. It occurs over large industrial areas and urban complexes, and causes eye irritations, breathing problems and damage to plant life. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT) smogwaarschuwing English: smog warning English definition: Action, device or announcement that serves to give caution or notice to the level of air pollutants typically associated with oxidants in a given area. (Source: TOE / RHW) sneeuw English: snow English definition: The most common form of frozen precipitation, usually flakes or starlike crystals, matted ice needles, or combinations, and often rime-coated. (Source: MGH) sneeuwlawine English: snowslide English definition: An avalanche of relatively pure snow; some rock and earth material may also be carried downward. (Source: MGH) snelheid English: speed English definition: A scalar measure of the rate of movement of a body expressed either as the distance travelled divided by the time taken (average speed) or the rate of change of position with respect to time at a particular point (instantaneous speed). It is measured in metres per second, miles per hour, etc. (Source: CED) snelheidsgrens English: speed limit English definition: The maximum permitted speed at which a vehicle may travel on certain roads. (Source: CED) snelle proef English: rapid test English definition: Tests performed in the medical field whose results are available very quickly. (Source: RRDA) snelle reactor English: fast reactor English definition: Nuclear reactor which produces more fissile material than it consumes, using fast-moving neutrons and making plutonium-239 from uranium-238, thereby increasing the reactor's efficiency. (Source: PHC) snelverkeer English: fast traffic snelweg English: highway English definition: A public road especially an important road that joins cities or towns together. (Source: CAMB) snoei(-) English: pruning English definition: The cutting off or removal of dead or living parts or branches of a plant to improve shape or growth. (Source: AMHERa) sociaal beleid English: social policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which seeks to ensure that all people have acceptable working or living conditions by providing social security, welfare, health care, insurance, fair employment practices, low cost housing or educational opportunities. (Source: MGHME) sociaal gedrag English: social behaviour English definition: A person or community's general treatment, manner of conduct or action toward others as individuals or as members of variously identified groups. (Source: ISEP / RHW) sociaal gedrag English: social-minded behaviour sociaal probleem English: social problem English definition: A generic term applied to the range of conditions and aberrant behaviours which are considered to be manifestations of social disorganization and to warrant changing via some means of social engineering. Typically, these problems include many forms of deviant behaviour (such as crime, juvenile delinquency, prostitution, mental illness, drug addiction, suicide) and of social conflict (ethnic tension, domestic violence, industrial strife, andso forth). sociaal systeem English: social system English definition: The concept of system appears throughout the social and natural sciences and has generated a body of literature of its own (general systems theory). A system is any pattern of relationships between elements, and is regarded as having emergent properties on its own over and above the properties of its elements. sociaal-opvoedkundige activiteit English: socioeducational activity English definition: Instruction or events designed to offer learning or cultural experiences to populations without access to traditional educational institutions due to social or economic barriers. (Source: OED) sociale analyse English: social analysis sociale aspecten, bevolking English: social aspects, population sociale aspecten, milieubeleidsmaatregelen English: social aspects, environmental policy measures sociale bescherming English: social protection English definition: The monies and programs a society enacts through either public or private entities to provide economic security and general welfare for its members, often on account of old age, unemployment, health, disability or death of a spouse, parent or other benefactor. (Source: RHW) sociale beweging English: social movement English definition: A organized effort by a significant number of people to change (or resist change in) some major aspect or aspects of society. sociale dienst(verlening) English: social service English definition: Welfare activities organized by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. (Source: CED) sociale differentiatie English: social differentiation English definition: A concept associated with evolutionary theories of history and with structural functionalism. Societies are seen as moving from the simple to the complex via a process of social change based on structural differentiation. sociale dynamiek English: social dynamics English definition: The pattern, change, development and driving forces of a human group, community or society. (Source: RHW) sociale geneeskunde English: social medicine English definition: Medicine as applied to treatment of diseases which occur in certain social groups. (Source: PHC) sociale groep English: social group English definition: A collection of people who interact with one another and share a certain feeling of unity. (Source: SOC) sociale hulpverlening English: social relief English definition: Public assistance especially financial given to persons in special need or difficulty. sociale indicator English: social indicator English definition: Easily identified features of a society which can be measured, which vary over time, and are taken as revealing some underlying aspect of social reality. In general, the most commonly used indicators are derived from official statistics, and include unemployment figures, health and mortality data, and crime rates. (Source: SOCIOL) sociale kosten English: social cost English definition: The price paid or the loss incurred to acquire, produce or maintain an objective or goal in a group, community or society. (Source: ISEP / RHW) sociale omstandigheden English: social condition English definition: An existing circumstance, situation or state affecting the life, welfare and relations of human beings in community. (Source: RHW) sociale omstandigheden English: social framework English definition: The underlying structure that connects and supports the various members and parts of a community or human organization. (Source: RHW) sociale ongelijkheid English: social inequality English definition: Unequal rewards or opportunities for different individuals within a group or groups within a society. If equality is judged in terms of legal equality, equality of opportunity, or equality of outcome, then inequality is a constant feature of the human condition. sociale ontwikkeling English: social development English definition: The state of nations and the hystorical processes of change experienced by them. The concept of development subsumes associated cultural and political changes as well as welfare measures which reflect distribution of goods, wealth and opportunities. (Source: GOOD) sociale participatie English: social participation English definition: Collective, civic action shared and performed by a significant number of the community or general population. (Source: RHW) sociale proces English: social process English definition: A continuous action, operation, or series of changes taking place in a definite manner and pertaining to the life, welfare, and relations of human beings in a community. (Source: RHW) sociale psychologie English: social psychology English definition: Study of the effects of social structure on cognition and behavior, of processes of face-to-face interaction, and of the negotiation of social order. (Source: SASW) sociale structuur English: social structure English definition: A term loosely applied to any recurring pattern of social behaviour; or, more specifically, to the ordered interrelationships between the different elements or a social system or society. sociale vertegenwoordiging English: social representation English definition: A system of values, ideas and practices established to orient individuals in their community and culture and to provide them with naming, classification and communication codes. (Source: SRD) sociale verzekering English: social security sociale voorziening English: social facility English definition: Any structure designed, built or installed to provide space for living or interaction among persons in a community. (Source: RHW) sociale waarde English: social value English definition: Regarding social values, distinctions are often drawn between values, which are strong, semi permanent, underlying, and sometimes inexplicit dispositions, and attitudes, which are shallow, weakly held, and highly variable views and opinions. Societies can usually tolerate highly diverse attitude, whereas they require some degree of homogeneity and consistency in the values held by people, providing a common fund of shared values which shape social and political consensus. (Source: SOCIOL) sociale wetenschappen English: social science English definition: The study of society and of the relationship of individual members within society, including economics, history, political science, psychology, anthropology, and sociology. (Source: CED) socio-culturele groep English: socio-cultural group English definition: A collection of people who interact and share a sense of unity on account of a common ethnic, ancestral, generational or regional identity. (Source: RHW) socio-economie English: socioeconomics English definition: Economic and social structure of communities, tax rates, characteristic types of development. (Source: PASTU) socio-economisch effect van biotechnologie English: socioeconomic impact of biotechnologies English definition: Biotechnology is the application of biological and technical solutions to problems, and often refers to the industrial use of microorganisms (perhaps genetically altered) to perform chemical processing, for example of waste or water, or to manufacture hormones or enzymes for medicinal and commercial purposes. Biotechnology offers great potential to increase farm production and food processing efficiency, to lower food costs, to enhance food quality and safety and to increase international competitiveness. (Source: WPR) socio-economische factor English: socioeconomic factor English definition: An essential element in a society's make-up, organization or behavior that combines financial dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics. (Source: RHW / ISEP) socio-economische kant van menselijke nederzettingen English: socioeconomic aspect of human settlements sociologie English: sociology English definition: The study of the development, organization, functioning and classification of human societies. (Source: CED) sociologisch onderzoek English: social survey English definition: Data collections that employ both interviewing and sampling to produce quantitative data-sets, amenable to computer-based analysis. (Source: SOCIOL) sociologisch onderzoek English: sociological survey English definition: Research on social questions or problems, especially focusing on cultural and environmental factors. (Source: WEBSTE) sociopolitiek aspect English: sociopolitical aspect English definition: Any part, feature or quality of society that combines governmental dimensions with inter-personal or inter-group dynamics. (Source: RHW) soepele benadering van milieubescherming English: flexible approach to environmental protection English definition: Plans, referred to in various rules as emissions averaging, or flexible compliance plans, allow facilities to undercontrol some emission points that are too costly to control to mandated levels as long as these units are balanced by overcontrolling other emission units that are more cost-effective to control. (Source: ENVAR) software English: software English definition: Software is the general term used to describe all of the various programs that may be used on a computer system. Software can be divided into four main categories: systems software, development software, user interface software, applications software. (Source: POPTEL) softwareontwikkeling English: software development soort English: species English definition: A taxonomic category ranking immediately below a genus and including closely related, morphologically similar individuals which actually or potentially inbreed. (Source: MGH) soort aanspraak English: type of claim English definition: A class or category of interests or remedies recognized in law or equity that create in the holder a right to the interest or its proceeds, typically taking the form of money, property or privilege. (Source: BLD) soort aanstelling English: type of tenure English definition: The manner in which land is owned and possessed, i.e. of title to its use. (Source: GOOD) soort bedrijf English: type of business English definition: The class or category of an enterprise or organization involved in an economy. (Source: ISEP / RHW) soort bedrijfsvoering English: type of management English definition: The different, specific methods of business administration. (Source: OED) soort document English: document type English definition: Any one of a number of diverse classes of written, printed or digitized items furnishing information or evidence, and distinguished by content, form or function. (Source: RHW) soort ecosysteem English: ecosystem type English definition: Ecosystems can be classified according to various criteria: from the point of view of energy source, two major types of ecosystems can be distinguished. Autotrophic ecosystems have primary producers as a principal component and sunlight has the major initial energy source; etherotrophic ecosystems depend upon preformed organic matter that is imported from autotrophic ecosystems elsewhere. Ecosystems can also be classified in terrestrial, marine and freshwater. (Source: PARCOR) soort energie English: energy type English definition: According to the source, energy can be classified as hydroenergy, solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, waves energy, geothermal energy, etc.. According to the type of fuel used for its production, energy can be classified as nuclear energy, coal derived energy, petroleum derived energy, biomass derived energy, etc. (Source: RRDA) soort geluid English: noise type soort milieuverontreiniging English: pollution type soort plantegroei English: vegetation type English definition: A community of plants or plant life that share distinguishable characteristics. (Source: PEM) soortbescherming English: protection of species English definition: Measures adopted for the safeguarding of species, of their ecosystems and their biodiversity. (Source: ADMIN) soorten afval English: waste English definition: Material, often unusable, left over from any manufacturing, industrial, agricultural or other human process; Material damaged or altered during a manufacturing process and subsequently left useless. (Source: HMD / OED) soorten met aanpassingsvermogen English: adaptable species soortverarming English: species impoverishment English definition: Loss of species due to factors such as climate change or random events such as persistent drought, natural catastrophe, the emergence of a new predator, or genetic mutation. (Source: WRES) sorptie English: sorption English definition: The taking up, usually, of a liquid or gas into the body of another material (the absorbent). Thus, for instance, an air pollutant may be removed by absorption in a suitable solvent. (Source: HARRIS) spaarbekken English: reservoir English definition: An artificial or natural storage place for water, such as a lake or pond, from which the water may be withdrawn as for irrigation, municipal water supply, or flood control. (Source: BJGEO) spaarbekken English: water reservoir English definition: Artificial or natural area of water, used for storing water for domestic or industrial use. (Source: PHC) spaarbekken voor overtollig regenwater English: storm water basin English definition: Basin used to hold water which falls as rain during a storm. (Source: RRDA) spaarzaam energieverbruik English: energy economics English definition: The production, distribution, and consumption of usable power such as fossil fuel, electricity, or solar radiation. (Source: RHW) spanning English: stress English definition: A stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude as to tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism. (Source: MGH) spasmodische kroep English: spasmodic croup speciale vergunning English: special authorisation English definition: An exceptional granting of power or permission or a legislative act authorizing money to be spent on government programs. (Source: RHW) specialisatie (biologisch) English: specialisation (biological) English definition: Evolutionary adaptation to a particular mode of life or habitat. (Source: LBC) spectraalband English: spectral band English definition: Closely grouped bands of lines characteristic of molecular gases of chemical compounds (spectroscopy). (Source: DICCHE) spectroscopie English: spectroscopy English definition: The branch of physics concerned with the production, measurement, and interpretation of electromagnetic spectra arising from either emission or absorption of radiant energy by various substances. (Source: MGH) speelplaats English: playground English definition: A piece of land used for recreation, especially by children, often including equipment such as swings and slides. (Source: RHW) spel English: game (play) English definition: An amusement or pastime; diversion. (Source: CED) spierstelsel English: muscular system English definition: The muscle cells, tissues, and organs that effect movement in all vertebrates. (Source: MGH) spinnen English: spider English definition: Any predatory silk-producing arachnid of the order Araneae, having four pairs of legs and a rounded unsegmented body consisting of abdomen and cephalothorax. (Source: CED) splijtstofelement English: nuclear fuel element English definition: A piece of nuclear fuel which has been formed and coated, and is ready to be placed in a reactor fuel assembly. (Source: MGH) sponsorschap English: sponsorship English definition: A person, firm, organization, etc. that provides or pledges money for an undertaking or event. sponzen English: poriferan English definition: The sponges, a phylum of the animal kingdom characterized by the presence of canal systems and chambers through which water is drawn in and released; tissues and organs are absent. (Source: MGH) spoorverkeer English: rail traffic English definition: The movement and circulation of vehicles transporting goods and people on railroad systems. (Source: RRDA) spoorvervoer English: rail transport English definition: Transportation of goods and persons by railway. (Source: CEDa) spoorvoertuig English: railroad vehicle spoorweg English: railway English definition: A permanent track composed of a line of parallel metal rails fixed to sleepers, for transport of passengers and goods in trains. (Source: CED) spoorwegnet English: railway network English definition: The whole system of railway distribution in a country. (Source: RRDA) sporenelementen English: trace element English definition: Any of various chemical elements that occur in very small amounts in organisms and are essential for many physiological and biochemical processes. (Source: CED) sporenmateriaal English: trace material English definition: 1) Both metals and non-metals, essential for the metabolic processes of algae, invertebrates and vertebrates. Organisms that derive nearly all their energy via photosynthesis are especially dependent upon dissolved trace substances.2) Impurities that are present at small but detectable levels. (Source: NATURE / GEMAIR) sport English: sport English definition: The complex of individual or group activities pursued for exercise or pleasure, often taking a competitive form. (Source: CED) sportvoorziening English: sports facility English definition: Buildings, constructions, installations, organized areas and equipment for indoor and outdoor sport activities. (Source: RRDA) spraak English: speech English definition: An address or form of oral communication in which a speaker makes his thoughts and emotions known before an audience, often for a given purpose. (Source: RHW) springstof English: explosive English definition: A substance, such as trinitrotoluene, or a mixture, such as gunpowder, that is characterized by chemical stability but may be made to undergo rapid chemical change without an outside source of oxygen, whereupon it produces a large quantity of energy generally accompanied by the evolution of hot gases. (Source: MGH) sprinkhanen English: grasshopper English definition: A plant-eating insect with long back legs that can jump very high and makes a sharp high noise using its back legs or wings. (Source: CAMB) spuitasbest English: sprayed asbestos English definition: Asbestos emitted into the atmosphere in a spraying operation. spuitbus English: spray can English definition: An aerosol can for applying paint, deodorant, etc., as a fine spray. (Source: SHOOX) spuiten English: spurting English definition: Supplying water or pesticides to crops with a spray. (Source: PHCa) staal English: steel English definition: Any of various alloys based on iron containing carbon (usually 0.1-0.7 per cent) and often small quantities of other elements such as phosphorus, sulphur, manganese, chromium, and nickel. Steels exhibit a variety of properties, such as strength, machinability, malleability, etc., depending on their composition and the way they have been treated. (Source: CED) staalnijverheid English: steel industry English definition: Industry that deals with the processing of iron. (Source: RRDA) staat English: state English definition: A people permanently occupying a fixed territory bound together by common law, habits and custom into one body politic exercising, through the medium of an organized government, independent sovereignty and control over all persons and things within its boundaries, unless or until authority is ceded to a federation or union of other states. (Source: BLD) staatsbos English: state forest English definition: Forest owned and managed by the State. (Source: WEBSTEa) staatscontrole English: state control English definition: The power or authority of a government to regulate or command industry, organizations, programs, initiatives and individuals. (Source: RHW) staatsdomein English: public domain English definition: That which can be accessed, used and shared by the general populace without restrictions, penalties or fees. (Source: RHW) staatsrecht English: constitutional law English definition: That branch of the public law of a nation or state which treats of the organization, powers and frame of government, the distribution of political and governmental authorities and functions, the fundamental principles which are to regulate the relations of government and citizen and which prescribes generally the plan and method according to which the public affairs of the nation or state are to be administered. (Source: BLACK) staatsrecht English: municipal law English definition: Broadly, a law or body of laws that pertains solely to the citizens and inhabitants of a state; narrowly, a law or body of laws pertaining to towns, cities, villages and their local governments. (Source: BLD) stacaravan English: mobile home English definition: Living quarters mounted on wheels and capable of being towed by a motor vehicle. (Source: CED) stad English: city English definition: Term used generically today to denote any urban form but applied particularly to large urban settlements. There are, however, no agreed definitions to separate a city from the large metropolis or the smaller town. (Source: GOOD) stadsdruk English: urban stress English definition: A state of bodily or mental tension developed through city living, or the physical, chemical, or emotional factors that give rise to that tension. (Source: MED) stadsecologie English: urban ecology English definition: Concept derived from biology: the city is viewed as a total environment, as a life-supporting system for the large number of people concentrated there, and within this people organize themselves and adapt to a constantly changing environment. Regarded as the same as human ecology. (Source: GOOD) stadsgemeenschap English: urban community English definition: Body of people living in a town or city. stadslandschap English: urban landscape English definition: The traits, patterns and structure of a city's specific geographic area, including its biological composition, its physical environment and its social patterns. (Source: TOE) stadslawaai English: urban noise English definition: Noise emitted from various sources in an urban environment. stadsonderzoek English: urban study English definition: The study and theory of building and other physical needs in cities or predominantly urban cultures. (Source: ECHO2) stadsontwikkeling English: urban development English definition: Any physical extension of, or changes to, the uses of land in metropolitan areas, often involving subdivision into zones; construction or modification of buildings, roads, utilities and other facilities; removal of trees and other obstructions; and population growth and related economic, social and political changes. (Source: CGP / AAG) stadsplanning en -ontwikkeling English: urban planning and development English definition: The activity or process of preparing for the future arrangement and condition of an urban center, particularly the development of its physical lay-out, which would include the construction, reconstruction, conversion, alteration or enlargement of buildings and other structures, and the extension or use of undeveloped land. (Source: RHW / ELD) stadsreiniging English: urban sanitation English definition: The renovation or redevelopment of the decaying areas of cities by the demolition or up-grading of existing dwellings and buildings and a general improvement in environmental conditions. (Source: GILP96) stadsstructuur English: urban structure English definition: The built-up components, the street system and the facilities which make up an urban unit. (Source: ZINZAN) stadstrein English: rapid transit train stadsuitbreiding English: urban sprawl English definition: The physical pattern of low-density expansion of large urban areas under market conditions into the surrounding agricultural areas. Sprawl lies in advance of the principal lines of urban growth and implies little planning control of land subdivision. Development is patchy, scattered and strung out, with a tendency to discontinuity because it leap-frogs over some areas, leaving agricultural enclaves. (Source: GOOD) stadsverkeer English: urban traffic English definition: Movements of vehicles and people within a city. (Source: RRDA) stadsvernieuwing English: urban renewal English definition: A continuing process of remodelling urban areas by means of rehabilitation and conservation as well as redevelopment. Urban renewal programmes are generally undertaken by public authorities and concern those parts of the city which have fallen below current standards of public acceptability. (Source: GOOD) stadsverval English: urban decay English definition: Condition where part of a city or town becomes old or dirty or ruined, because businesses and wealthy families have moved away from it. (Source: PHC) stadsvervuiler English: urban pollutant stadsvervuiling English: urban pollution English definition: Pollution of highly populated areas mainly deriving from motor vehicles, industrial plants, combustion and heating plants, etc. (Source: GREMES) stadsverwarming English: district heating English definition: The supply of heat, either in the form of steam or hot water, from a central source to a group of buildings. (Source: MGH) stadsverwarmingsinstallatie English: district heating plant English definition: Plant for heating all houses in a district; it consists of a large, efficient, centralized boiler plant or 'waste' steam from a power station. The heat is distributed by means of low-pressure steam or high-temperature water to the consumers. (Source: PHC / PORT) stadsvestiging English: urban settlement English definition: A collection of dwellings located in an urban area. (Source: CEDa) stadsvoorziening English: urban facility English definition: Supply of essential services to the community, e.g. electricity, gas, water. (Source: GOOD) stadswater English: urban water English definition: Water destined for private and public use in a town. (Source: RRDA) stal English: stable English definition: A building or structure usually with stalls that is used to house and feed horses, cattle or other animals. (Source: RHW) stam English: stock (biological) English definition: A group of individuals of one species within a specified area. (Source: LBC) standaardisering English: standardisation English definition: The act of conforming to a rule. (Source: ZINZAN) standaardprocedurenorm English: code of practice English definition: A systematic collection of procedures outlining the established method of application of all relevant laws, rules or regulations to a specific endeavor. (Source: BLD) statiegeldregeling voor verpakking English: arrangement for a deposit on packaging English definition: Agreement to provide refunds or payments in exchange for used bottles or packaging materials. (Source: RHW) station English: station English definition: A place along a route or line at which a bus, train, etc. stops for fuel or to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. (Source: CED) statistiek English: statistics English definition: A branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data. (Source: LANDY) statistische analyse English: statistical analysis English definition: The body of techniques used in statistical inference concerning a population. (Source: MGH) statistische gegevens English: statistical data statistische informatie English: statistical information English definition: Knowledge pertaining to the collection, classification, analysis and interpretation of numerical data. (Source: ISEP / RHW) statistische informatiesysteem English: statistical information system English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources enabling the exchange of numerical data that has been collected, classified or interpreted for analysis. (Source: RHW) statistische reeks English: statistical series English definition: An ordered sequence of data samples in numerical form used to predict or demonstrate trends through time and space. (Source: RHW / APD) status van de vrouw English: woman's status English definition: The social position, rank or relative importance of women in society. stedelijk actieplan English: urban action program English definition: A planned, coordinated group of activities or services intended for improving urban centers in order to provide healthy and safe living conditions, efficient transport and communication, adequate public facilities and aesthetic surroundings. (Source: RHW / INP) stedelijk afvalwater English: urban wastewater English definition: The liquid wastes deriving from domestic, commercial and industrial activities of an urban settlement. (Source: RRDA) stedelijk beheer English: urban management English definition: The administration, organization and planning performed for cities or towns, particularly the process of converting farmland or undeveloped land into offices, businesses, housing and other forms of development. (Source: DOE) stedelijk beleid English: urban policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which seeks to improve or develop cities or towns through land use planning, water resource management, central city development, policing and criminal justice, or pollution control. (Source: MGHME) stedelijk ecosysteem English: urban ecosystem English definition: Towns and cities viewed as ecosystems, having an input of matter and energy, recycling within the system, and an output of matter and energy into the surroundings. (Source: GILP96) stedelijk gebied English: urban area English definition: Areas within the legal boundaries of cities and towns; suburban areas developed for residential, industrial or recreational purposes. (Source: LANDY) stedelijk groeipatroon English: pattern of urban growth English definition: The combination of acts, tendencies and other observable characteristics that demonstrates a municipal area's progress or state of development, including its population trends. (Source: RHW) stedelijk groen English: urban green English definition: The complex of private and public gardens in an urban area. (Source: DIFID) stedelijk leefmilieu, stedelijke druk English: urban environment, urban stress stedelijke bevolking English: urban population English definition: The total number of persons inhabiting a city, metropolitan region or any area where the sum of residents exceeds a designated amount. (Source: RHW) stedelijke concentratie English: urban concentration English definition: A process in which an increasing proportion of a country's population is concentrated in urban areas. (Source: GOOD) stedelijke habitat English: urban habitat English definition: The resulting effects and interrelationships of human population concentrations, the built environment, and the biophysical environment. (Source: UNUN) stedelijke ontwikkelingsdocument English: urban development document English definition: A written or printed text furnishing proposals or procedures for the improvement of living conditions, especially housing, for the inhabitants of a city or densely populated area. (Source: RHW) stedelijke ontwikkelingswet English: urban development law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to regulate public services and the competing claims of residential, commercial and industrial interests in municipal areas generally characterized by moderate to high population density. (Source: CGP) stedelijke planning English: urban planning English definition: The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the future lay-out and condition of a city or town. (Source: RHW) stedelijke stromen (hulpbronnen) English: urban flows (resources) stedelijke vormgeving English: urban design English definition: A plan, outline or preliminary sketch of, or for, a city or town. (Source: ISEP) stedelijke watervoorziening English: urban water supply English definition: The distribution of water, including collection, treatment and storage, for use in a town, city or municipal area, and used generally for domestic and industrial needs. (Source: WWC) steekproef English: random test English definition: Tests which do not always yield the same result when repeated under the same conditions. (Source: MGH) steen English: stone English definition: A general term for rock that is used in construction, either crushed for use as aggregate or cut into shaped blocks as dimension stone. (Source: BJGEO) steenkool English: black coal English definition: A natural black graphitelike material used as a fuel, formed from fossilized plants and consisting of amorphous carbon with various organic and some inorganic compounds. (Source: AMHER) steenkool English: coal English definition: The natural, rocklike, brown to black derivative of forest-type plant material, usually accumulated in peat beds and progressively compressed and indurated until it is finally altered in to graphite-like material. (Source: MGH) steenkoolcentrale English: coal-fired power plant English definition: Power plant which is fuelled by coal. (Source: CAMB) steenkoolenergie English: coal-based energy English definition: Power generated by the steam raised by burning coal in fire-tube or water-tube boilers. (Source: PARCOR) steenkoolindustrie English: coal industry English definition: Industry related with the technical and mechanical activity of removing coal from the earth and preparing it for market. (Source: MGH) steenkooliquefactie English: coal liquefaction English definition: The process of preparing a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons by destructive distillation of coal. (Source: MGH) steenkoolmijnbouw English: coal mining English definition: The technical and mechanical job of removing coal from the earth and preparing it for market. (Source: MGH) steenkoolvergassing English: coal gasification English definition: Process of conversion of coal to a gaseous product which is used as fuel in electric power stations. (Source: ECSK) steenwol English: rock wool English definition: A generic term for felted or matted fibers manufactured by blowing or spinning threads of molten rock, slag, or glass. The material is used for thermal insulation. (Source: BJGEO) stek [planten] English: cutting (vegetative propagation) English definition: In plant propagation, young shoots or stems removed for the purpose of growing new plants by vegetatively rooting the cuttings. (Source: DUNSTE) stekelhuidigen English: echinoderm English definition: Marine coelomate animals distinguished from all others by an internal skeleton composed of calcite plates, and a water-vascular system to serve the needs of locomotion, respiration, nutrition or perception. (Source: MGH) stemming English: voting English definition: The act of formally expressing an opinion or choice in some matter or for some candidate, usually by voice or ballot. (Source: CIV) sterfte English: mortality English definition: The number of deaths occurring in a given population for a given period of time. (Source: MGH) sterilisatie English: sterilisation (biological) English definition: Procedure by which a human or other animal is made incapable of reproduction. (Source: WEBSTE) steriliseren English: sterilisation (process) English definition: An act or process of destroying all forms of microbial life on and in an object. (Source: MGH) steroide English: steroid English definition: A compound composed of a series of four carbon rings joined together to form a structural unit called cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. (Source: MGH) stijgende zeespiegel English: rising sea level English definition: Sea level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the ocean increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps. By the year 3000, the seas could rise between one and two metres. Such an event would clearly threaten low-lying areas, particularly in Asia, where million of people live and farm on river deltas and flood plains. (Source: WRIGHT) stikstof English: nitrogen English definition: An essential nutrient in the food supply of plants and the diets of animals. Animals obtain it in nitrogen-containing compounds, particularly amino acids. Although the atmosphere is nearly 80% gaseous nitrogen, very few organisms have the ability to use it in this form. The higher plants normally obtain it from the soil after micro-organisms have converted the nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates, which they can then absorb. (Source: WRIGHT) stikstofbinding English: nitrogen fixation English definition: Assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by a variety of microorganisms which live freely in soil. Once the nitrogen has been captured by one of the microorganisms, there are many different routes by which it is handled. Some is retained in the soil as decomposing plant matter, waiting to be released and taken up by new crops as a nitrate. That nitrate is produced by nitrifying bacteria living in the soil that thrive on ammonia, which is produced by decaying plant and animal material. In processing nitrogen the nitrifying bacteria produce nitrate that can be absorbed by the roots of plants. (Source: WRIGHT) stikstofdioxide English: nitrogen dioxide English definition: A reddish-brown gas; it exists in varying degrees of concentration in equilibrium with other nitrogen oxides; used to produce nitric acid. (Source: MGH) stikstofkringloop English: nitrogen cycle English definition: The complex set of processes by which crops acquire the large amount of nitrogen they need to make proteins, nucleic acids and other biochemicals of which they are composed, and how the nitrogen returns to the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) stikstofmest(stof) English: nitrogenous fertiliser English definition: Fertilizer materials, natural or synthesized, containing nitrogen available for fixation by vegetation, such as potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate. (Source: MGH) stikstofmonoxide English: nitrogen monoxide English definition: A colourless gas, soluble in water, ethanol and ether. It is formed in many reactions involving the reduction of nitric acid, but more convenient reactions for the preparation of reasonably pure NO are reactions of sodium nitrite, sulphuric acid, etc. (Source: DICCHE) stikstofoxide English: nitrogen oxide English definition: A colorless gas that, at room temperature, reacts withoxygen to form nitrogen dioxide; may be used to form other compounds. (Source: MGH) stikstofoxiden English: nitrogen oxides English definition: Oxides formed and released in all common types of combustion; they are formed by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Introduced into the atmosphere from car exhausts, furnace stacks, incinerators, power stations and similar sources, the oxides include nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen pentoxide and nitric acid. The oxides of nitrogen undergo many reactions in the atmosphere to form photochemical smog. (Source: GILP96) stikstofverbinding English: nitro compound English definition: Any one of a class of usually organic compounds that contain the monovalent group, -NO2 (nitro group or radical) linked to a carbon atom. (Source: CED) stille technologie English: noise-free technology English definition: Sound is radiated both as air-borne and as structure-borne; most sources produce both, thus various noise attenuation principles must be employed. Measures include: the replacement of components with quieter parts and material; the enclosure of particularly noisy components; the selection of quieter types of fan; the replacement of noisy compressed-air nozzles with quieter types; the choice of quieter transmission and cooling systems. (Source: GILP96a) stimuleringsbelasting English: incentive tax stimuleringsfonds English: incentive fund English definition: Money or financial resources set aside to stimulate, encourage, or incite action towards greater productivity. (Source: RHW) stof English: dust English definition: Any kind of solid material divided in particles of very small size. (Source: ZINZAN) stofbalans English: balance of matter English definition: A calculation to inventory material inputs versus outputs in a process system. (Source: MGH) stofgedrag English: behaviour of substances English definition: Reactivity of a compound depending on the structure of the molecules. (Source: RRDA) stofuitstoot English: dust immission stofverwijdering English: dust removal English definition: The removal of dust from air by ventilation or exhaust systems. (Source: KOREN) stofwisseling English: metabolism English definition: All the chemical reactions that take place in a living organism, comprising both anabolism and catabolism. Basal metabolism is the energy exchange of an animal at rest. Catabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. Catabolism is the breaking down by organisms of complex molecules into simpler ones with the liberation of energy. (Source: ALL) stofwisseling van bestrijdingsmiddelen English: metabolism of pesticides English definition: The sum of chemical reactions, including both synthesis and breakdown, that occurs in substances or mixtures intended to prevent, destroy or mitigate pests that are directly or indirectly detrimental to harvest crops and other humans interests. (Source: SOI / TOE / IPC / DOE) stofwisselingsproduct English: metabolite English definition: A product of intermediary metabolism. (Source: MGH) stolling English: coagulation English definition: A separation or precipitation from a dispersed state of suspensoid particles resulting from their growth; may result from prolonged heating, addition of an electrolyte, or from a condensation reaction between solute and solvent. (Source: MGH) stookolie English: fuel oil English definition: A liquid product burned to generate heat, exclusive of oils with a flash point below 38degC; includes heating oils, stove oils, furnace oils, bunker fuel oils. (Source: MGH) stoomgenerator English: steam generator English definition: A pressurized system in which water is vaporized to steam by heat transferred from a source of higher temperature, usually the products of combustion from burning fuels. Also known as steam boiler. (Source: MGH) storend geluid English: noise pollutant English definition: Noise in the environment which can be harmful to human beings, animals and plants. (Source: ISEP) storm English: storm English definition: An atmospheric disturbance involving perturbations of the prevailing pressure and wind fields on scales ranging from tornadoes to extratropical cyclones; also the associated weather and the like. (Source: MGH) stormschade English: storm damage English definition: Storms may cause flooding and damage to crops; uproot trees; damage roofs and chimneys; break windows, leading to rain damage; overturn trucks; affect transportation, communication and energy supplies; delay building construction and destroy traditional landmarks. In their more violent form, storms may cause severe damage and loss of life. (Source: WPR) storten English: dumping English definition: The discarding of waste in any manner, often without regard to environmental control. (Source: RHW / ERG) storten in de oceaan English: ocean dumping English definition: The process by which pollutants, including sewage, industrial waste, consumer waste, and agricultural and urban runoff are discharged into the world's oceans. These pollutants arise from a myriad of sources. storten van afval English: waste dumping English definition: The disposal of solid wastes without environmental controls. (Source: LANDYa) storten van afval in de bodem English: waste disposal in the ground English definition: The planned discharge, deposit or burial of refuse or other unserviceable material into the surface of the earth, as in a landfill. (Source: OED / LIV / CTC) storten van afval op de zeebodem English: sinking of waste English definition: A manner of waste disposal in which refuse or unwanted material is dumped or submerged beneath the surface of a body of water. (Source: RHW) stortgas English: landfill gas English definition: Landfill gas is generated in landfill sites by the anaerobic decomposition of domestic refuse (municipal solid waste). It consists of a mixture of gases and is colourless with an offensive odour due to the traces of organosulphur compounds. Aside for its unpleasantness, it is highly dangerous as methane is explosive in concentrations in air between 5 per cent, the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), and the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) of 15 per cent. Landfill gas must be controlled at all operational landfill sites, whether actively or passively vented or both especially in the case of deep sites. (Source: PORT) stortplaats van uitgegraven grond English: spoil dump English definition: Place where rubbish and waste minerals dug out of a mine are deposited. (Source: CED / PHC) stortplaats voor gevaarlijk afval English: hazardous waste dump English definition: Disposal facilities where hazardous waste is placed in or on land. Properly designed and operated landfills are lined to prevent leakage and contain systems to collect potentially contaminated surface water run-off. (Source: PARCOR / WPR) straatreiniging English: street cleaning English definition: The process of removing dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from city or town streets. (Source: ISEP) straf English: sanction straf English: penal sanction English definition: Punishment for the commission of a specific crime, such as fines, restitution, probation and imprisonment. (Source: BLD) strafrecht English: criminal law English definition: That body of the law that deals with conduct considered so harmful to society as a whole that it is prohibited by statute, prosecuted and punished by the government. (Source: DUHA) strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid English: criminal liability strafrechtelijke procedure English: criminal law procedure English definition: The rules of law governing the procedure by which crimes are investigated, prosecuted, adjudicated, and punish. (Source: BLACK) straling English: radiation English definition: Emission of any rays from either natural or man-made origins, such as radio waves, the sun's rays, medical X-rays and the fall-out and nuclear wastes produced by nuclear weapons and nuclear energy production. Radiation is usually divided between non-ionizing radiation, such as thermal radiation (heat) and light, and nuclear radiation. Non-ionizing radiation includes ultraviolet radiation from the sun which, although it can damage cells and tissues, does not involve the ionization events of nuclear radiation. (Source: WRIGHT) straling English: radiations stralingbeschermingswet English: radiation protection law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish measures to keep humans and natural resources safe from harmful exposure to energy waves released by nuclear materials, electromagnetic current and other sources. (Source: MHD) stralingsbescherming English: radiation protection English definition: Precautionary actions, measures or equipment implemented to guard or defend people, property and natural resources from the harmful effects of ionizing energy. (Source: MHD / RHW) stralingsdosis English: radiation dose English definition: The total amount of radiation absorbed by material or tissues, in the sense of absorbed dose, exposure dose, or dose equivalent. (Source: MGH) stralingseffect English: radiation effect English definition: Prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation from various sources can be harmful. Nuclear radiation from fallout from nuclear weapons or from power stations, background radiation from substances naturally present in the soil, exposure to X-rays can cause radiation sickness. Massive exposure to radiation can kill quickly and any person exposed to radiation is more likely to develop certain types of cancer than other members of the population. (Source: PHC) stralingsfysica English: radiation physics English definition: The study of ionizing radiation and its effects on matter. (Source: MGH) stralingsmeting English: radiation monitoring English definition: The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the level of radiant energy present in a given area, to determine that its prescribed amount has not been exceeded or that it meets acceptable safety standards. (Source: TOE / OMD) stralingsschade English: radiation damage English definition: Somatic and genetic damage to living organisms caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. (Source: GUNN) stralingsziekte English: radiation sickness English definition: The complex of symptoms characterizing the disease known as radiation injury, resulting from excessive exposure of the whole body (or large part) to ionizing radiation. The earliest of these symptoms are nausea, fatigue, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may be followed by loss of hair (epilation), hemorrhage, inflammation of the mouth and throat, and general loss of energy. (Source: TDH) strand English: beach English definition: The unconsolidated material that covers a gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, extending landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic from (such as a cliff), or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually the effective limit of the highest storm waves); a shore of body of water, formed and washed by waves or tides, usually covered by sand or gravel, and lacking a bare rocky surface. (Source: BJGEO) stranden English: beaching English definition: The washing ashore of whales or other cetaceans that have died for natural causes, or because of highly polluted sea water or after being trapped in drift nets. (Source: WPRa) strandreiniging English: beach cleansing English definition: The process of removing dirt, litter or other unsightly materials from shore line property or surrounding areas. (Source: ISEP) strandwal English: barrier beach English definition: An elongated sand or shingle bank which lies parallel to the coastline and is not submerged by the tide. If it is high enough to permit dune growth it is termed a barrier island. (Source: WHIT) stratificatie-omkering (limnologie) English: overturn (limnology) English definition: The circulation, especially in the fall and spring, of the layers of water in a lake or sea, whereby surface water sinks and mixes with bottom water; it is caused by changes in density differences due to changes in temperature, and is especially common wherever lakes are icebound in winter. (Source: BJGEO) stratosfeer English: stratosphere English definition: The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) strijd English: conflict English definition: A state of opposition or disagreement between ideas, interests, etc. (Source: CED) strijdkrachten English: armed forces English definition: The military units of a state, typically divided by their differing contexts of operations, such as the army, navy, air force and marines. (Source: RHW) stromend water English: flowing water English definition: Moving waters like rivers and streams. (Source: LANDY) strontium English: strontium English definition: A soft silvery-white element of the alkaline earth group of metals, occurring chiefly as celestite and as strontianite. Its compounds burn with a crimson flame and are used in fire works. (Source: CED) strooiapparaat (v. stalmest of tuinafval) English: shredder English definition: A size-reduction machine which tears or grinds materials to a smaller and more uniform particle size. Shredding process is also called size reduction, grinding, milling, comminution, pulverisation, hogging, granulating, breaking, chipping, crushing, cutting, rasping. (Source: LEE) strooisellaag English: mulch English definition: A layer of organic material applied to the surface of the ground to retain moisture; mulching is the spreading of leaves, straw or other loose material on the ground to prevent erosion, evaporation or freezing of plant roots. (Source: GILP96) stroom English: flow English definition: The forward continuous movement of a fluid through closed or open channels or conduits. (Source: MGH) stroom van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant flow English definition: The forward continuous motion or diffusion of polluting substances, or the rate or quantity in which polluting substances move from one place to another. (Source: MHD / WWC) stroomgebied English: catchment area English definition: 1) An area from which surface runoff is carried away by a single drainage system.2) The area of land bounded by watersheds draining into a river, basin or reservoir. (Source: LANDY / CED) stroomgebied English: catchment English definition: A structure in which water is collected. (Source: CED) stroomgeulvorming English: river channelling English definition: The alteration of a natural stream by excavation, realignment, lining or other means to accelerate the flow of water. (Source: LANDY) stropen English: poaching English definition: To catch game, fish, etc. illegally by trespassing on private property. (Source: CED) structureel herstelprogramma English: structural adjustment program English definition: A program for economic reforms aimed at improving or liberalizing an economy, which is advocated and imposed by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on poor or developing countries in exchange for new loans. (Source: LCC / OXF / BWP) structuur van de dampkring English: atmospheric structure English definition: The gaseous area surrounding the planet is divided into several concentric spherical strata (layers, like shells) separated by narrow transition zones. The boundaries are know as 'pause'. More than 99% of the total atmospheric mass is concentrated in the first 40 km from the Earth's surface. Atmospheric layers are characterized by differences in chemical composition that produce variations in temperature. (Source: KSW) structuur-activiteitsrelatie English: structure-activity relationship English definition: The association between a chemical structure and carcinogenicity. (Source: KOREN) structuurplan English: structure plan English definition: Metropolitan structure and land use plan intended to outline the general lines along which development should proceed in an area. (Source: ECHO1 / GOOD) stuifmeel English: pollen English definition: Microspores of seed-producing plants. Each pollen grain contains a much-reduced male gametophyte. Pollen grains are transferred by wind, water, birds or other animals. (Source: ALL) stuurmanskunst English: navigation English definition: The science or art of conducting ships or aircraft from one place to another, esp. the method of determining position, course, and distance travelled over the surface of the earth by the principles of geometry and astronomy and by reference to devices (as radar beacons or instruments) designed as aids. (Source: WEBSTE) stuwdam English: storage dam English definition: A barrier of concrete, earth, etc., built across a river to create a body of water. (Source: CED) stuwmeer English: artificial lake English definition: Lakes created behind manmade barriers. (Source: PARCOR) stuwmeer English: retaining reservoir English definition: Basin used to hold water in storage. (Source: MGH) subsidie English: subsidy English definition: Any monetary grant made by the government to a private industrial undertaking or charitable organization, but especially one given to consumers or producers in order to lower the market price of some service or product and make it readily affordable to the public. (Source: MGHME / RHW) substraatteelt English: substrate cultivation subtropisch ecosysteem English: subtropical ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in regions bordering on the tropics or the regions between tropical and temperate zones. (Source: TOE / DOE / RHW) suiker English: sugar (product) English definition: A sweet crystalline or powdered substance, white when pure, consisting of sucrose obtained mainly from sugar cane and sugar beets and used in many foods, drinks, and medicines to improve their taste. (Source: AMHER) suikerindustrie English: sugar industry English definition: Establishments primarily engaged in processing raw cane sugar, sugar beets or starches to finished sucrose, glucose or fructose. By-products of this industry include beet pulp and inedible molasses. (Source: PGE) sulfaten English: sulphate English definition: A salt or ester of sulfuric acid, widely distributed in nature and often found in the atmosphere. (Source: INP) sulfide English: sulphide English definition: Any compound that includes one or more sulfur atoms with a more electropositive element, either carbon, metal or some other nonoxygen atom. (Source: RHW / MHD) supersone knal English: sonic boom English definition: A noise caused by a shock wave that emanates from an aircraft or other object traveling at or above sonic velocity. (Source: MGH) symbiose English: symbiosis English definition: A close and mutually beneficial association of organisms of different species. (Source: ALL) synecologie English: synecology English definition: Study of the ecology of organisms, populations, communities or systems. (Source: LBC) synergetisch effect van giftige stoffen English: synergistic effect of toxic substances English definition: 1) A state in which the combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of the separate effects. 2) An effect whereby two toxic substance together have more of an impact than anticipated. (Source: PORT / GILP96) synergisme English: synergism English definition: An ecological association in which the physiological processes of behaviour of an individual are enhanced by the nearby presence of another organism. (Source: MGH) synthetisch detergent English: synthetic detergent English definition: An artificially produced solid or liquid cleansing substance that acts like soap but is stronger, and is capable of dissolving oily materials and dispersing them in water. (Source: DOE / RIC) systeem voor de verdeling van energie English: energy distribution system English definition: Any publicly or privately organized setup in which usable power such as electricity is delivered to homes and businesses. (Source: RHW) systeemanalyse English: systems analysis English definition: A means of organizing elements into an integrated analytic and/or decisionmaking procedure to achieve the best possible results. (Source: LANDY) systeemtheorie English: systems theory English definition: The science concerned with the general study of structures and behaviours of systems which may be applicable in different branches of learning. (Source: ECHO2) systeemvergelijking English: systems comparison English definition: Analysis or estimate noting similarities and differences in the operations of businesses and organizations. (Source: ISEP / OED) tabak English: tobacco tabaksrook English: tobacco smoke English definition: The grey, brown, or blackish mixture of gases and suspended carbon particles resulting from the combustion of tobacco. Tobacco smoke is inhaled and distributes toxins widely throughout the body and causes an enormous variety of illness among users and among non-smokers exposed to tobacco smoke. tankauto English: tanker (truck) English definition: A truck designed for bulk shipment of liquids or gases. tankschip English: tanker (ship) English definition: A ship designed for bulk shipment of liquids or gases. tankstation English: filling station English definition: A place where petrol and other supplies for motorists are sold. (Source: CED) tarief English: tariff English definition: A classified list or scale of charges made in any private or public business. (Source: OED) taxonomie English: taxonomy English definition: The branch of biology concerned with the classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structures, origin, etc. (Source: CED) te volgen (of gevolgde) weg English: trajectory English definition: The path described by an object moving in air or space under the influence of such forces as thrust, wind resistance, and gravity, especially the curved path of a projectile. (Source: CED) techniek English: engineering English definition: The science by which the properties of matter and the sources of power in nature are made useful to humans in structures, machines, and products. (Source: MGH) technisch onderrichting English: technical instruction English definition: The education, instruction, or discipline pertaining to or connected with the mechanical or industrial arts and the applied sciences. (Source: RHW) technische informatie English: technical information English definition: Factual data, knowledge or instructions relating to scientific research or the development, testing, evaluation, production, use or maintenance of equipment. (Source: RHW / MHD) technische richtlijn English: technical regulation English definition: A government or management prescribed rule that provides detailed or stringent requirements, either directly or by referring to or incorporating the content of a standard, technical specification or code of practice. (Source: PVG) technische voorzieningen van gebouwen English: building service English definition: The aggregation of services, including construction, development, maintenance and leasing, performed for human-occupied properties, such as office buildings and apartment houses. (Source: PBS) technologie English: technology English definition: Systematic knowledge of and its application to industrial processes; closely related to engineering and science. (Source: MGH) technologie voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution control technology English definition: Methods used to reduce the amount of contaminants discharged from a source. (Source: PATHUL) technologie-aanvaarding English: technology acceptance English definition: The approval, favorable reception and ongoing use of newly introduced devices and systems, usually developed from recent advances in the engineering sciences or industrial arts. (Source: RHW) technologiebeoordeling English: technology assessment English definition: The systematic analysis of the anticipated impact of a particular technology in regard to its safety and efficacy as well as its social, political, economic, and ethical consequences. (Source: KOREN) technologie-overdracht English: technology transfer English definition: The transfer of development and design work: a) from a parent company to a subsidiary, perhaps in another nation where it will be paid for in repatriated profits or royalties; b) from one country to another as a form of aid to help promote development and sustainable growth. Many nations have made great progress on the strength of technology transfer. (Source: GILP96) technologisch gevaar English: technological hazard English definition: Any application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce capable of harming persons, property or the environment. (Source: ISEP / FFD) technologisch ongeluk English: technological accident English definition: An unexpected incident, failure or loss occurring through the application of practical or mechanical sciences to industry or commerce that poses potential harm to persons, property or the environment. (Source: HMD / ISEP) technologisch proces English: technological process technologische ontwikkeling English: technological development technologische verandering English: technological change English definition: Changing of industrial methods by introducing new technology. (Source: PHC) teelt English: cultivation English definition: The practice of growing and nurturing plants outside of their wild habitat (i.e., in gardens, nurseries, arboreta). (Source: DUNSTE) teeltmethode English: cultivation method English definition: Any procedure or approach used to prepare land or soil for the growth of new crops, or to promote or improve the growth of existing crops. (Source: RHW / AGP) teer English: tar English definition: A viscous material composed of complex, high-molecular-weight, compounds derived from the distillation of petroleum or the destructive distillation of wood or coal. (Source: MGH) teer zand English: tar sand English definition: A sandstone in which hydrocarbons have been trapped; the lighter compounds evaporate, leaving a residue of asphalt in the rock pores. (Source: CED) teergebruik English: tar use English definition: Any employment or utilization of dark, heavy, viscous substances or residue derived from the distillation of certain organic materials, often to produce benzene, soap, dyes, cosmetics and other products. (Source: ENC) teerproductie English: tar production English definition: The manufacture of dark, heavy, viscous substances or residue, which is obtained by the distillation of organic materials such as coal, wood and petroleum. (Source: ENC) tegenstrijdig gebruik English: conflicting use tegenstrijdigheid van (streef)doelen English: conflict of aims tekening English: drawing English definition: To cause to discharge from an abscess or wound or to obtain a sample of tissue or organic liquid for examination. (Source: CEDa) tektoniek English: tectonics English definition: A branch of geology dealing with the broad architecture of the outer part of the Earth, that is, the regional assembling of structural or deformation features, a study of their mutual relations, origin and historical evolution. (Source: BJGEO) telecommunicatie English: telecommunications English definition: The conveyance of images, speech and other sounds, usually over great distances, through technological means, particularly by television, telegraph, telephone or radio. (Source: RHW) telematica English: telematics English definition: The convergence of computing and communications technologies, thus the use of telephone or radio to link computers and the use of computers to send messages via telephone or radio links. (Source: NECTAR) telemetrie English: telemetry English definition: The use of radio waves, telephone lines, etc., to transmit the readings of measuring instruments to a device on which the readings can be indicated or recorded. (Source: CED) televisie English: television English definition: The process, equipment or programming involved in converting a succession of audiovisual images into corresponding electrical signals that are transmitted by means of electromagnetic waves to distant receivers or screens, at which the signals can be used to reproduce the original image. (Source: MHD) televisieprogramma English: television programme English definition: A performance or production transmitted in audiovisual signals with electromagnetic waves. (Source: MHD) temperatuur English: temperature English definition: A property that determines the direction of heat flow when an object is brought into thermal contact with other objects: heat flows from regions of higher to those of lower temperatures. (Source: PITT) tentoonstellen English: exhibit English definition: A display of an object or collection of objects for general dissemination of information, aesthetic value or entertainment. (Source: RHW) ter plaatse English: in situ English definition: In the natural or normal place. (Source: KOREN) teratogeen English: teratogen English definition: Substances causing formation of a congenital anomaly or monstrosity in the embryo. (Source: MGH) teratogene stoffen English: teratogenic substance English definition: Substances capable of causing abnormal development of the embryo and congenital malformations. (Source: GRAHAW) teratogenese English: teratogenesis English definition: The process whereby abnormalities of the offspring are generated, usually as the result of damage to the embryonal structure during the first trimester of pregnancy, producing deformity of the fetus. (Source: CONFER) teratogeniteit English: teratogenicity English definition: The ability or tendency to produce anomalies of formation. termieten English: termite English definition: A soft-bodied insect of the order Isoptera; individuals feed on cellulose and live in colonies with a caste system comprising three types of functional individuals: sterile workers and soldiers, and the reproductives. Also known as white ant. (Source: MGH) terminologie English: terminology English definition: The body of specialized words relating to a particular subject. (Source: CED) terraslandschap English: terraced landscape English definition: Landscape resulting from the method of cultivating land by cutting terraces or benches into slopes to create areas of flat land. The practice is common in mountainous areas where land is scarce and rainfall uncertain. (Source: GOODa) terrastuin English: terraced garden terreinsanering English: land reclamation English definition: Making land capable of more intensive use by changing its general character, as by drainage of excessively wet land; irrigation of arid or semiarid land; or recovery of submerged land from seas, lakes and rivers. (Source: LANDY) terreinwagen English: all-terrain vehicle English definition: A land carriage so constructed that it can be used on any kind of road or rough terrain and can be operated for many purposes, such as carrying goods, transporting the injured, conveying passengers, etc. (Source: ECHO1) terrestrisch gebied English: terrestrial area English definition: Subdivisions of the continental surfaces distinguished from one another on the basis of the form, roughness, and surface composition of the land. (Source: PARCOR) tertiaire behandeling English: tertiary treatment English definition: The process which remove pollutants not adequately removed by secondary treatment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus; accomplished by means of sand filters, microstraining, or other methods (referring to wastewater treatment). (Source: WQA) tertiaire sector English: tertiary sector English definition: The part of a country or region's economy that produces services or assets lacking a tangible and storable form. (Source: ODE) terug naar de natuur English: return to nature terugdringen van milieuverontreiniging English: pollutant reduction English definition: All measures aimed at reducing pollutants often through physical or chemical removal of toxic, or potentially toxic, materials. (Source: ISEP / FFD) terugneembare verpakking English: returnable container English definition: Container whose return from the consumer or final user is assured by specific means (separate collection, deposits, etc.), independently on its final destination, in order to be reused, recovered or subjected to specific waste management operations. (Source: PORTa) terugwinning van olieresten English: oil residue recuperation English definition: The recovery of oil that is leftover or left behind, usually following the primary containment operations for an oil spill. (Source: OED) terugwinning van oplosmiddelen English: solvent recovery English definition: Solvent recovery is a widely practised form of recycling where spent solvents are distilled and reused. However, the cheaper solvents are often incinerated or dumped in hazardous waste landfill sites. (Source: PORT) test English: test English definition: To carry out an examination on (a substance, material, or system) by applying some chemical or physical procedure designed to indicate the presence of a substance or the possession of a property. (Source: CED) test van het kankerverwekkend zijn English: carcinogenicity test English definition: Test for assessing if a chemical or physical agent increases the risk of cancer. The three major ways of testing for carcinogens are animals tests, epidemiological studies and bacterial tests. (Source: EPAGLO) testen op mutageniteit English: mutagenicity testing English definition: Testing the property of a substance of being able to induce genetic mutation. (Source: CONFERa) testen van materialen English: testing of materials English definition: The complex of tests performed in order to ascertain the characteristics and behaviour of materials; they are classified in physical and chemical tests, mechanical tests and technological tests. (Source: DIZSCT / MGH) testen van plantenbeschermende producten English: testing of plant protection products English definition: Tests performed to establish the effectiveness of pesticides under a wide variety of climatic and other environmental conditions; to assess the possible side effects on animals, plants and humans and to determine the persistence of pesticide residues in the environment. (Source: PARCOR) testen van scheikundige stoffen English: testing of chemicals English definition: The determination of the efficacy and the toxicity of chemical products. (Source: WPR) testmethode English: testing method testorganisme English: test organism English definition: Any animal organism used for scientific research. (Source: DELFIN) textiel English: textile English definition: A material made of natural or man-made fibers and used for the manufacture of items such as clothing and furniture fittings. (Source: MGH) textielindustrie English: textile industry English definition: Industry for the production of fabrics. (Source: MGHa) textielplant English: textile plant English definition: Plant producing material suitable to be made into cloths. (Source: CED) textielvezels van dierlijke oorsprong English: animal textile fibre English definition: A filament or threadlike strand derived from animals that manufacturers use to produce clothes or other goods that require weaving, knitting or felting, which include silk, wool, mohair and other forms of animal hair. (Source: INP / RHW) thallium English: thallium English definition: Bluish-white metal with tinlike malleability, but a little softer; used in alloys. (Source: MGH) theorie van de verzorgingsstaat English: theory of the welfare state English definition: A political conception of government in a capitalist economy where the state is responsible for insuring that all members of society attain a minimum standard of living through redistribution of resources, progressive taxation and universal social programs, including health care and education. (Source: APS) therapie English: therapy English definition: The treatment of physical, mental or social disorders or disease. (Source: CED) thermodynamica English: thermodynamics English definition: The branch of physics which seeks to derive, from a few basic postulates, relationships between properties of matter, especially those connected with temperature, and a description of the conversion of energy from one form to another. (Source: MGH) thermoselect proces English: thermoselect process English definition: Trade-Mark-Name for a thermic waste processing technology. Gasification is emerging as an alternative to combustion in the treatment and energy recovery from Municipal Solid Waste. Several innovative processes and demonstration plants are trying to achieve higher electrical efficiencies and lower emissions using this technology. (Source: ENSDK) thesaurus English: thesaurus English definition: A compilation of terms showing synonyms, related terms and other relationships and dependencies, often used in a book format or as a standardized, controlled vocabulary for an information storage and retrieval system. (Source: CCL) tij English: tide English definition: The periodic rise and fall of the water resulting from gravitational interaction between the sun, moon and earth. In each lunar day of 24 hours and 49 minutes there are two high tides and two low tides. (Source: LANDY) tijd English: time English definition: 1) The dimension of the physical universe which, at a given place, orders the sequence of events. 2) A designated instant in this sequence, as the time of day. Also known as epoch. (Source: MGH) tijd English: time (chronology) tijdelijke bewoning English: temporary housing tijdelijke opslag English: temporary storage English definition: Any deposit or holdings of goods, materials or waste in a facility, container, tank or some other physical location for a brief or short time period. (Source: RHW) tijdelijke schuilplaats English: temporary shelter English definition: Simple facilities for asylum or provisional lodgings to individuals or groups in emergencies. (Source: ECHO2) tijdelijke vestiging English: transitional settlement English definition: A small village, community or group of houses, or other shelters, usually located in a thinly populated area and existing there for only a short time. (Source: RHW) tijdsbudget English: time budget English definition: Determining or planning for allotment of time in hours, days, weeks, etc. (Source: RHW) tijdstoewijzing English: time allocation English definition: The act of assigning various hours of one's day, week or year to particular activities, especially those falling within the categories of work and leisure. (Source: RHW) timmerhout; ruw timmerhout English: timber English definition: A wood, especially when regarded as a construction material. (Source: CED) tin English: tin (element) English definition: A metallic element, occurring in cassiterite, that has several allotropes; the ordinary malleable silvery-white metal slowly changes below 13.2degC to a grey powder. It is used extensively in alloys, especially bronze and pewter, and as a noncorroding coating for steel. (Source: CED) titaan English: titanium English definition: A strong malleable white metallic element, which is very corrosion-resistant and occurs in rutile and ilmenite. It is used in the manufacture of strong lightweight alloys, especially aircraft parts. (Source: CED) titaandioxide English: titanium dioxide English definition: A white, water-insoluble powder that melts at 1560degC, and which is produced commercially from the titanium dioxide minerals ilmenite and rutile; used in paints and cosmetics. (Source: MGH) toegang tot de zee English: access to the sea toegang tot land English: land access English definition: The permission or freedom to use, enter, approach or pass to and from a tract of land, which often consists of real estate property. (Source: BLD) toegangsweg English: access road English definition: Any street or narrow stretch of paved surface that leads to a specific destination, such as a main highway. (Source: RHW) toegankelijkheid van administratieve stukken English: access to administrative documents English definition: The legal right of access to administrative documents or the opportunity to avail oneself of the same. (Source: BLACKa) toegankelijkheid van de cultuur English: access to culture English definition: The ability, right and permission to approach and use, or the general availability of resources that transmit the beliefs, customs, artistic activity and knowledge of a people. (Source: PPP / RHW) toegankelijkheid van de informatie English: access to information English definition: The ability, right and permission to approach and use, or the general availability of resources that convey knowledge. (Source: RHW) toegankelijkheid van de rechtspleging English: access to the courts English definition: The right of citizens to access to the organs of the governments where justice is administered. (Source: BLACK) toegepast onderzoek English: applied research English definition: Research directed toward using knowledge gained by basic research to make things or to create situations that will serve a practical or utilitarian purpose. (Source: MGH) toegepaste ecologie English: applied ecology English definition: The application of ecological principles to the solution of human problems. (Source: PARCOR) toegepaste voeding English: applied nutrition English definition: Putting to use general principles of the science of human nourishment to address or solve specific problems. (Source: MED) toegepaste wetenschap English: applied science English definition: Science whose results are employed in technical applications. (Source: ZINZAN) toegestane blootstellingsgrens English: permissible exposure limit English definition: An exposure limit that is set for exposure to an hazardous substance or harmful agent and enforced by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) as a legal standard. It is based on time-weighted average concentrations for a normal 8-hour work day and 40 hour work week. (Source: CONFER) toekenning English: attribution English definition: Under certain circumstances, the tax law applies attribution rules to assign to one taxpayer the ownership interest of another taxpayer. (Source: WESTS) toekenning van land English: land allotment English definition: Procedure by which big land properties are divided in parcels of smaller size. (Source: RRDA) toekomstig English: prospective English definition: The act or process of making preparations for some predicted future condition or occurrence. (Source: RHW) toelaatbaar risico English: acceptable risk level English definition: Level of risk judged to be outweighed by corresponding benefits or one that is of such a degree that it is considered to pose minimal potential for adverse effects. (Source: EPAGLOa) toelaatbare dagelijkse opname English: acceptable daily intake English definition: The measurement of the amount of any chemical substance that can be safely consumed by a human being in a day. Calculations are usually based on the maximum level of a substance that can be fed to animals without producing any harmful effects. This is divided by a 'safety factor' to allow for the differences between animals and humans and to take account of the variation in human diets. (Source: WRIGHT) toelaatbare maximumconcentratie English: maximum admissible concentration English definition: The maximum exposure to a physical or chemical agent allowed in an 8-hour work day to prevent disease or injury. (Source: KOREN) toelaatbare maximumimmissie English: maximum immission concentration English definition: The maximum concentration of air polluting substances in the free environment whose impact when of specified duration and frequency is not objectionable to man, fauna and flora. (Source: ECHO2) toelage English: allowance toendra English: tundra English definition: An area supporting some vegetation (lichens, mosses, sedges and low shrubs) between the northern upper limit of trees and the lower limit of perennial snow on mountains, and on the fringes of the Antarctic continent and its neighbouring islands. (Source: MGH) toereikende voedselvoorziening English: adequate food supply English definition: A quantity of nutriments that meets fundamental nutritional requirements and is provided to a person, group or community on a continuing basis. (Source: NOV) toerisme English: tourism English definition: The temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal places or work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in those destinations and the facilities created to cater for their needs. (Source: GOOD) toerisme English: tourism toeristenopvang English: tourist attendance toeristenvoorziening English: tourist facility English definition: All the services connected with tourism, especially when regarded as an industry. (Source: CED) toeristisch gebied English: touristic zone English definition: Any section of a region which attracts travelers, often because of its scenery, objects of interest or recreational activities. (Source: OED) toeristische eenheid English: touristic unit toeristische route English: touristic route English definition: An established or selected course for travel consisting, typically, of secondary roads with significant scenic, cultural, historic, geological or natural features and including vistas, rest areas, and interpretive sites matching the scenic characteristics of the course. (Source: GTT / RHW) toeslag English: premium English definition: Amount to be paid for a contract of insurance or life assurance. toestand waarin afval verkeert English: state of waste toestand waarin stof verkeert English: state of matter English definition: One of the three fundamental conditions of matter: the solid, the liquid, and gaseous states. (Source: MGH) toestel om de luchtwegen te beschermen English: respiratory protection apparatus English definition: Any of a group of devices that protect the respiratory system from exposure to airborne contaminants; usually a mask with a fitting to cover the nose and mouth. (Source: KOREN) toevallige vervuiling English: incidental pollution English definition: Pollution caused by oil spills, by the accidental release of radioactive substances, by the immission in water bodies or in the atmosphere of chemical substances deriving from industrial activities. (Source: DIFIDa) toevluchtsgebied English: refuge English definition: A restricted and isolated area in which plants and animals persisted during a period of continental climatic change that made surrounding areas uninhabitable; especially an ice-free or unglaciated area within or close to a continental ice sheet or upland ice cap, where hardy biotas eked out an existence during a glacial phase. It later served as a center of dispersal for the repopulation of surrounding areas after climatic readjustment. (Source: BJGEO) toevoeging van een polymeer English: addition polymer English definition: A polymer formed by the chain addition of unsaturated monomer molecules, such as olefins, with one another without the formation of a by-product, as water; examples are polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. (Source: MGH) toezicht English: surveillance English definition: System that permits the continuous observation, measurement and evaluation of the progress of a process or phenomenon with the view to taking corrective measures. (Source: GUNN) toezicht houden op installaties English: supervision of installation English definition: The oversight or direction over the process of setting up or making adjustments to a building or to a mechanical or electrical system or apparatus. (Source: OED) toezicht op de kwaliteit van de lucht English: air quality monitoring English definition: Regular checking and recording of air quality in a given area. The following pollutants must be considered: carbon monoxide, benzene, butadiene, lead, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulates. (Source: DOCMMU) toezichthoudend orgaan English: supervisory body English definition: An appointed or official group given the responsibility of overseeing or managing normal work operations, special projects or other functions of an organization or agency. (Source: RHW) tornado English: tornado English definition: A rapidly rotating column of air developed around a very intense low-pressure centre. It is associated with a dark funnel-shaped cloud and with extremely violent winds (>300km/h) blowing in a counterclockwise spiral, but accompanied by violent downdraughts. The precise mechanisms are not fully understood but the following atmospheric conditions appear to be necessary for tornado development: a layer of warm moist air at low altitude; a layer of dry air at higher altitude with an inversion of temperature at about 1.000 m; a triggering mechanism, usually in the form of an active, intense cold front or solar heating of the ground which will create a vortex. (Source: WHIT) tot brandstof verwerkt afval English: refuse derived fuel English definition: Fuel produced from domestic refuse, after glass and metals have been removed from it, by compressing it to form briquettes used to fuel boilers. (Source: PORT) totaal aan organische koolstof English: total organic carbon English definition: The amount of carbon covalently bound in organic compounds in a water sample. (Source: WQA) totale parameter English: total parameter English definition: The sum of parameters that must be taken into account when assessing water quality (organoleptic factors, physico-chemical factors, toxic substances, microbiological parameters. (Source: RRDA) toxiciteit van vissen English: fish toxicity tra English: open lawn English definition: Any relatively unobstructed field of cultivated and mown grass, especially near a house or in a park. (Source: GWG / RHW) Tracheophyta English: tracheophyte English definition: A large group of plants characterized by the presence of specialized conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) in the roots, stems, and leaves. (Source: MGH) traditionele bouwstijl English: traditional architecture traditionele cultuur English: traditional culture English definition: Learned, nonrandom, systematic behavior and knowledge transmitted over several generations, especially customs and beliefs originating before the advent of modern science and technology. (Source: ANT / OED) traditionele gezondheidszorg English: traditional health care English definition: A system of treating and healing maladies based on cultural beliefs and practices handed down from generation to generation. (Source: FIT) trein English: train English definition: A connected group of railroad cars, usu. pushed or pulled by a locomotive. treinstation English: railway station English definition: A place along a route or line at which a train stops to pick up or let off passengers or goods, especially with ancillary buildings and services. (Source: CED) trek English: animal migration English definition: Movements that particular animals carry out regularly often between breeding places and winter feeding grounds. (Source: ALL) trekdier English: draught animal trekkende soorten English: migratory species trekkende vissen English: migratory fish English definition: Fishes that migrate in a body, often between breeding places and winter feeding grounds. (Source: RRDA) trekvogel English: migratory bird English definition: Birds which migrate in a body. (Source: CED) trend English: trend English definition: The general drift, tendency, or bent of a set of statistical data as related to time or another related set of statistical data. (Source: MGH) TRGS English: technical regulation for dangerous substances English definition: Technical Guideline for Dangerous Substances: technical rules for handling dangerous materials. (Source: FKTa) triazine English: triazine English definition: Azines that contain three nitrogen atoms in their molecules. (Source: CED) trillingen English: vibration English definition: A periodic motion of small amplitude and high frequency, characteristic of elastic bodies. (Source: ZINZAN) tritium English: tritium English definition: The hydrogen isotope having mass number 3; it is one form of heavy hydrogen, the other being deuterium. (Source: MGH) troebelheid English: turbidity English definition: Cloudy or hazy appearance in a naturally clear liquid caused by a suspension of colloidal liquid droplets or fine solids. (Source: MGH) trofisch peil English: trophic level English definition: Any of the feeding levels through which the passage of energy through an ecosystem proceeds; examples are photosynthetic plants, herbivorous animals, and microorganisms of decay. (Source: MGH) trofische ecologie English: trophic ecology English definition: The study of the feeding relationships of organisms in communities and ecosystems. Trophic links between populations represent flows of organisms, organic energy and nutrients. Trophic transfers are important in population dynamics, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem energetics. (Source: PARCOR) tropen English: tropics English definition: The region of the earth's surface lying between two parallels of latitude on the earth, one 23deg27' north of the equator and the other 23deg27' south of the equator, representing the points farthest north and south at which the sun can shine directly overhead and constituting the boundaries of the Torrid Zone. (Source: AMHER) tropisch bos English: tropical forest English definition: A vegetation class consisting of tall, close-growing trees, their columnar trunks more or less unbranched in the lower two-thirds, and forming a spreading and frequently flat crown; occurs in areas of high temperature and high rainfall. (Source: MGH) tropisch ecosysteem English: tropical ecosystem English definition: The interacting system of a biological community and its non-living environmental surroundings in the land and water of the equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. (Source: TOE / ENC) tropisch gewas English: tropical plant English definition: Plants growing in tropical areas in conditions of constant rain and high temperature. (Source: PHC) tropisch klimaat English: tropical climate English definition: A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, that is, one with continually high temperatures and with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (Source: MGH) tropisch regenwoud English: tropical rain forest English definition: The most valuable and the richest ecosystem on Earth. It plays a critical part in the Earth's life support systems and house 50%, and possibly as much as 90%, of all the species on Earth. It is a key storehouse of foods, oils and minerals, and a source of ingredients that make up a range of medical treatments. It also represents home and livelihood for many people. However, more than half of the rainforests have disappeared, chopped down for valuable tropical hardwoods, or cleared to provide areas for cattle grazing or human habitation. The forests play an important part in climate patterns, and deforestation is thought to be responsible for 18% of global warming. Furthermore, as they disappear there is also an albedo effect - a damaging increase in the sunlight reflected - which affects wind and rainfall patterns. (Source: WRIGHT) troposfeer English: troposphere English definition: The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5degC/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) troposferisch ozon English: tropospheric ozone English definition: Tropospheric ozone is a secondary pollutant formed from emissions of nitrogen oxides, non-methane volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide. Ozone scars lung tissue, makes eyes sting and throats itch. It has been implicated as a contributor to forest dieback, damage to agricultural crops, etc. (Source: WPR) tuin English: garden English definition: A piece of land next to a house where flowers and other plants are grown and which often has an area of grass. (Source: CAMB) tuinafval English: garden waste English definition: Natural organic matter discarded from gardens and yards including leaves, grass clippings, prunings, brush and stumps. (Source: DMG) tuinbouw English: horticulture English definition: The art and science of growing plants. (Source: MGH) tumor English: tumour English definition: Any new and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive. (Source: KOREN) tunnel English: tunnel English definition: A underground passageway, especially one for trains or cars that passes under a mountain, river or a congested urban area. (Source: CED) turbine English: turbine English definition: A fluid acceleration machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy in a stream of fluid. (Source: MGH) turf English: peat English definition: Unconsolidated soil material consisting largely of undecomposed or slightly decomposed organic matter accumulated under conditions of excessive moisture. (Source: LANDY) turfwinning English: peat extraction English definition: Peat is obtained from peat bogs by cutting it from the earth; it is then formed into briquettes, which can be used as fuel. Peat may be found in layers several metres thick. In some countries peat-fired generating stations for electricity are in use. Peat is also used as a soil conditioner. (Source: PHC / PARCOR) tussendektanker English: tween-deck tanker English definition: A sea-going vessel that includes space between two continuous floor-like surfaces or platforms, which is also designed for bulk shipments of liquids or gases. (Source: RHW) tussenkomst in natuur en landschap English: intervention in nature and landscape English definition: Stepping in or participating in problem solving efforts for troublesome or perplexing situations involving the natural world or scenery. (Source: RHW) tussenkomst op het land English: intervention on land English definition: Stepping in or participating in problem solving efforts for troublesome or perplexing situations involving ground areas or the earth's surface. (Source: RHW) tussenproduct English: intermediate product English definition: Product that has undergone a partial processing and is used as raw material in a successive productive step. (Source: ZINZAN) tussenproducten English: intermediate goods English definition: Partly finished goods or products that re-enter into production elsewhere. (Source: ISEP / MGHME) tussentijds besluit English: interim decision Tweede Kamer (NL) English: Lower House English definition: The body of a bicameral legislature composed of representatives elected by the general populace and organized into electorates or districts, each comprising an equal number of citizens. (Source: CIV) tweedehandsgoederen English: second-hand goods English definition: Goods or products that have been used previously. (Source: ISEP) tweeledige economie English: dual economy English definition: An economy based upon two separate/distinct economic systems which co-exist in the same geographical space. Dualism is characteristic of many developing countries in which some parts of a country resemble advanced economies while other parts resemble traditional economies, i.e. there are circuits of production and exchange. (Source: GOOD) tweetaktmotor English: two-stroke engine English definition: An internal combustion engine whose cycle is completed in two strokes of the piston. (Source: MGH) tweevleugeligen [insecten] English: dipteran tyfoon English: typhoon English definition: A severe tropical cyclone in the western Pacific. (Source: MGH) uit aluminium bestaande container of houder English: aluminium container English definition: A can or box made of aluminium in which material is held or carried. (Source: AMHERa) uitbreidingsbeleid English: enlargement policy uitbreidingsprogramma English: enlargement programme uiterlijke kenmerken English: externality English definition: Discrepancies between private costs and social costs or private advantages and social advantages; the basic concept of externality is interdependence without compensation. (Source: PHC / GILP96 / GREENW) uitgebreid netwerk English: wide area network English definition: A system of interrelated computer and telecommunications devices linking two or more computers separated by a great distance for the exchange of electronic data. (Source: WIC) uitgegist slib English: digested sludge English definition: Sludge or thickened mixture of sewage solids with water that has been decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. (Source: MGH) uitgestorven soorten (IUCN) English: extinct species (IUCN) English definition: Animal or plant species which have completely disappeared from the planet. (Source: WRIGHT) uitheemse soorten English: exotic species English definition: Plants, animals or microorganisms which are introduced by humans into areas where they are not native. Exotics are often associated with negative ecological consequences for native species and the ecosystems. (Source: UNUN) uitlaat English: exhaust device English definition: 1) A duct or pipe through which waste material is emitted.2) A combination of components which provides for enclosed flow of exhaust gas from engine parts to the atmosphere. (Source: AMHER / LEE) uitlaatgas English: exhaust gas English definition: Offgas produced during combustion processes discharged directly or ultimately to the atmosphere. (Source: LEEa) uitlaatgas English: waste gas English definition: Any unusable aeriform fluid, or suspension of fine particles in air, given off by a manufacturing process or the burning of a substance in a enclosed area. (Source: OED / RHW) uitlaatgas voertuig English: vehicle exhaust gas English definition: An aeriform fluid of fine particles suspended in air, produced and vented as a byproduct of the operation of wheeled machines or conveyances self-propelled by internal combustion engines. (Source: RHW / MHD) uitloging English: leaching English definition: 1) The process of separating a liquid from a solid (as in waste liquid by percolation into the surrounding soil. 2) Extraction of soluble components of a solid mixture by percolating a solvent through it.3) To lose or cause to lose soluble substances by the action of a percolating liquid. (Source: HARRIS / DICCHE / CED) uitrusting English: equipment English definition: Any collection of materials, supplies or apparatuses stored, furnished or provided for an undertaking or activity. (Source: RHW) uitrusting voor de beheersing van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution control equipment English definition: Devices for the reduction and/or removal of those emissions to the environment which have the potential to cause pollution. (Source: GRAHAW) uitrusting voor de bestrijding van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution abatement equipment English definition: Equipment for the reduction in degree or intensity of pollution. (Source: LANDY) uitrustingsplan English: equipment plan English definition: A formulated or systematic method for the supply of material necessities such as tools, gear, provisions or furnishings. (Source: OED / ISEP) uitspoeling English: flushing English definition: Removing lodged deposits of rock fragments and other debris by water flow at high velocity; used to clean water conduits and drilled boreholes. (Source: MGH) uitstoot door het verkeer English: traffic emission English definition: Exhaust gases and vapours emitted by motorvehicles. (Source: RRDA) uitstoot van (uitlaat)gassen English: waste gas emission English definition: The direct or indirect discharge of exhaust gas into the atmosphere. (Source: LEE) uitstoot van afvalwater English: waste water discharge English definition: The flow of treated effluent from any wastewater treatment process. (Source: WWC) uitstoot van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant emission English definition: Release of polluting substances in the air, water and soil from a given source and measured at the immission point. (Source: DIFID) uitvoer English: export English definition: To send, take or carry an article of trade or commerce out of the country. To transport merchandise from one country to another in the course of trade. (Source: WESTS) uitvoer van afval English: waste export English definition: Transporting unwanted materials, including those leftover from a manufacturing processes, refuse, or trash to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. (Source: TOE / MGHME) uitvoer van gevaarlijke afvalstoffen English: export of hazardous wastes English definition: Transporting by-products of society that possesses at least one of four characteristics (ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity) to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. (Source: TOE / MGHME) uitvoer van gevaarlijke chemicalien English: hazardous chemical export English definition: Transporting substances capable of producing adverse health effects, fires or explosions to other countries or areas for the conduct of foreign trade. (Source: TOE / MGHME) uitvoeringsbevel English: executive order English definition: An order or regulation issued by the president or some administrative authority under his direction for the purpose of interpreting, implementing or giving administrative effect to a provision of the constitution or of some law or treaty. uitvoeringswet English: implementation law uitvoervergunning English: export licence English definition: Permission from a government to carry or send abroad and sell a product manufactured within its borders. (Source: BLD) uitwisseling van afval English: waste exchange English definition: Exchange of the recyclable part of wastes. This procedure allows to minimize waste volume and the cost relating to waste disposal. The basis of waste exchange is the concept that 'one company's waste is another company's raw material'. (Source: ECOUK / ECHO2) uitwisseling van elektronische gegevens English: interchange of electronic data English definition: A transference of binary coded information items between two or more computers across any communications channel capable of carrying electromagnetic signals. (Source: WIC) uitwisseling van gegevens English: data exchange English definition: A reciprocal transfer of individual facts, statistics or items of information between two or more parties for the purpose of enhancing knowledge of the participants. (Source: RHW) ultrafiltratie English: ultrafiltration English definition: Separation of colloidal or very fine solid materials by filtration through microporous or semipermeable mediums. (Source: MGH) ultrageluid English: ultrasound English definition: Sound waves having a frequency above about 20,000 hertz. (Source: MGH) ultraviolette straling English: ultraviolet radiation English definition: The part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths shorter than light but longer than x-rays; in the range of 4-400 nm. (Source: CED) uranium English: uranium English definition: A metallic element highly toxic and radioactive; used as nuclear fuel. (Source: MGH) Ursidae English: ursid English definition: A family of mammals in the order Carnivora including the bears and their allies. (Source: MGH) utiliteitsbouw English: non-residential building English definition: Area which provides commercial, industrial, and public facilities. (Source: HARRISa) vacuumindustrie English: vacuum industry vak English: trade (profession) English definition: The act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, at either wholesale or retail, within a country or between countries. vakantie English: holiday English definition: 1) A period in which a break is taken from work or studies for rest, travel or recreation2) A day on which work is suspended by law or custom, such as a religious festival, bank holiday, etc. vakantiekamp English: holiday camp English definition: A place providing accommodation, recreational facilities, etc. for holiday-makers. (Source: CED) vakantieoord in de bergen English: mountain resort English definition: A place in the mountains where people spend their holidays and enjoy themselves. (Source: CAMB) vakbond English: trades union English definition: An organization whose members are wholly or mainly workers and whose principal purposes include the regulation of relations between workers and employers or employers' associations. (Source: DICLAW) van de overheid English: governmental van het klimaat afhankelijke natuurlijke hulpbronnen English: climate resource van het land afkomstige vervuiling van de zee English: land-based marine pollution van raster- naar vectorformaat English: raster to vector English definition: Methods to convert remotely sensed raster data to vector format. A number of raster-to-vector and vector-to-raster conversion procedures have been developed and introduced to current releases of many GIS packages. (Source: YOUNG) van vector- naar rasterformaat English: vector to raster English definition: Methods to convert remotely sensed raster data to vector format. A number of vector-to-raster and raster-to-vector conversion procedures have been developed and introduced to current releases of many GIS packages. (Source: YOUNG) vanadium English: vanadium English definition: A silvery-white, ductile metal resistant to corrosion; used in alloy steels and as an x-ray target. (Source: MGH) vanaf het land gestuurde activiteit English: land-based activity vandalisme English: vandalism English definition: The deliberate or wanton destruction of personal or public property caused by a vandal. (Source: CED) vangst English: catch yield English definition: The yield obtained from a given fishery; fishery catches should be strictly controlled so that the fish population can have a sufficient breeding mass and thus give a sustained yield for future generations. (Source: PORTa) varen; bootjevaren; bootje varen English: boating English definition: To travel or go in a boat as a form of recreation. (Source: CED) varens English: fern English definition: Any of a large number of vascular plants composing the division Polypodiophyta, without flowers and fruits. (Source: MGH) varkenshouderij English: piggery English definition: A place where pigs are kept and reared. (Source: CED) vast deeltje English: solid particle English definition: Any tiny or very small mass of material that has a definite volume and shape and resists forces that would alter its volume or shape. (Source: OMD / MHD / APD) vaste afval English: solid waste English definition: Discarded solid materials. Includes agricultural waste, mining waste, industrial waste and municipal waste. (Source: LANDY) vaste afvalstort English: solid waste disposal English definition: The orderly discarding, release, collection, treatment or salvaging of unwanted or useless non-liquid, non-soluble refuse. (Source: TED / TOE / GSW) vaste belastingsschaal English: fixed schedule of charges vaste stof English: solid matter English definition: A crystalline material, that is, one in which the constituent atoms are arranged in a three-dimensional lattice, periodic in three independent directions. (Source: MGH) vaste vorm English: solid state English definition: The physical state of matter in which the constituent molecules, atoms, or ions have no translatory motion although they vibrate about the fixed positions that they occupy in a crystal lattice. (Source: UVAROV) vastelandsklimaat English: continental climate English definition: A climate characterized by hot summers, cold winters, and little rainfall, typical of the interior of a continent. (Source: CED) vastleggen van de duinen English: sand dune fixation English definition: Stabilization of dunes effected by the planting of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria), or rice grass, whose long roots bind the surface layers of sand and so hinder its removal by wind. A larger scale method of dealing with the same problem is by afforestation. (Source: BLYFRE) vaststellen van de waterprijs English: water pricing English definition: Applying a monetary rate or value at which water can be bought or sold. (Source: RHW) vaststelling verontreinigingsbronnen English: pollutant source identification vebruikspatroon English: consumption pattern English definition: The combination of qualities, quantities, acts and tendencies characterizing a community or human group's use of resources for survival, comfort and enjoyment. (Source: ODE / RHW) vector English: vector English definition: One of the two major types of internal data organization used in GIS. Vector systems are based primarily on coordinate geometry and take advantage of the convenient division of spatial data into point, line, and polygon types. Vector structures are especially suited to storing definitions of spatial objects for which sharp boundaries exist or can be imposed. (Source: YOUNG) vee English: livestock English definition: Cattle, horses, and similar animals kept for domestic use especially on a farm. (Source: CED) veefokkerij English: livestock breeding English definition: The raising of livestock by crossing different varieties to obtain new varieties with desired characteristics. (Source: PHC) veehouderij English: animal husbandry English definition: A branch of agriculture concerned with the breeding and feeding of domestic animals. (Source: MGH) veehouderij English: livestock farming English definition: Breeding of cattle, horses and similar animals. (Source: CEDa) veelhoek English: polygon English definition: In the vector type of GIS internal data organization spatial data are conveniently divided into point, line and polygon types. Some vector GIS store information in the form of points, line segments and point pairs; others maintain close lists of points defining polygon regions. (Source: YOUNG) veeteelt English: animal husbandry veiligheid English: safety English definition: The state of being secure from harm, injury, danger or risk, often as a result of planned measures or preparations. (Source: RHW) veiligheid van installaties English: security of installations English definition: Measures, techniques or designs implemented to protect from harm or restrict access to any apparatus, machinery or construction put in place or connected for use. (Source: RHW / MHD) veiligheidsanalyse English: safety analysis English definition: The process of studying the need for or efficacy of actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW) veiligheidsmaatregel English: safety measure English definition: An action, procedure or contrivance designed to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW) veiligheidsnorm English: safety standard English definition: A norm or measure applicable in legal cases for any action, procedure or contrivance designed to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: BLD / RHW) veiligheidsnorm voor de bouw English: safety standard for building English definition: A collection of rules and regulations adopted by authorities concerning structural and mechanical standards for safety. (Source: HARRISa) veiligheidsonderzoek English: safety study English definition: Research, detailed examination and usually a written report on the need for or efficacy of actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW) veiligheidsvoorschrift English: safety rule English definition: A principle or regulation governing actions, procedures or devices intended to lower the occurrence or risk of injury, loss and danger to persons, property or the environment. (Source: OED / RHW) veldonderzoek English: field study English definition: Scientific study made in the open air to collect information that can not be obtained in a laboratory. (Source: PHCa / DUNSTEa) veldproef English: field experiment English definition: Experiment carried out on a substance or on an organism in the open air as opposed to in a laboratory. (Source: PHC) ven English: fen English definition: Waterlogged, spongy ground containing alkaline decaying vegetation, characterized by reeds, that may develop into peat. It sometimes occurs in the sinkholes of karst region. (Source: BJGEO) verambtelijking English: bureaucratisation English definition: The multiplication of or concentration of power in administrators and administrative offices in an organization, usually resulting in an extension into and regimentation of certain areas of social life. (Source: DAM / RHW) verandering in het gebruik English: change in use verantwoordelijkheid English: responsibility English definition: The obligation to answer for an act done, and to repair or otherwise make restitution for any injury it may have caused. (Source: WESTS) verarming English: impoverishment verbanden tussen de gezondheid en de (natuurlijke en/of woon-)omgeving English: health-environment relationship English definition: Relationship between the quality of the environment and the health conditions of individuals. (Source: DIZAMB) verbetering van de waterkwaliteit English: water quality improvement English definition: Progress in, or betterment of, the environmental condition and integrity of water. (Source: RHW / TOE) verbod English: prohibition English definition: An interdiction or forbidding of an activity or action by authority or law. (Source: RHW) verbod op CFKs en halons English: CFC and halons prohibition English definition: An interdiction on the manufacture or use of products that discharge chlorofluorocarbons and bromine-containing compounds into the atmosphere, thereby contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer. (Source: TOE) verbod op de verspreiding van afvalwater English: sewage spreading prohibition English definition: Prohibition of spreading sewage sludge on land to prevent accumulation of toxic heavy metals in excessive quantities. (Source: PORTa) verbouwingswijze English: cultivation system English definition: Any overall structure or set-up used to organize the activity of preparing land or soil for the growth of new crops, or the activity of promoting or improving the growth of existing crops. (Source: RHW / AGP) verbranding English: incineration English definition: Controlled process by which solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes are burned and changed into gases; residue produced contains little or no combustible material. (Source: LANDY) verbrandingsgas English: combustion gas English definition: The exhaust gas from a combustion process. It may contain nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, water vapour, sulfur oxides, particles and many chemical pollutants. (Source: LEE) verbrandingsinstallatie English: incinerator English definition: Device which burns waste. (Source: PHC) verbrandingsmotor English: combustion engine English definition: An engine that operates by the energy of combustion of a fuel. (Source: MGH) verbrandingsrest English: combustion residue English definition: A residual layer of ash on the heat-exchange surfaces of a combustion chamber, resulting from the burning of fuel. (Source: APD) verbrandingsrest English: incineration residue English definition: Any material, solid or semisolid, left after processing in a device designed to reduce waste volume by combustion. (Source: DEE / HMD) verbruik English: consumption English definition: Spending for survival or enjoyment in contrast to providing for future use or production. (Source: ODE) verbruiker English: consumer English definition: A person who purchases goods and services for his own personal needs. (Source: CED) verbruikersafval English: consumer waste English definition: Materials purchased, used and discarded by the buyer, or consumer, as opposed to those discarded in a manufacturing process. (Source: EED) verbruikersbescherming English: consumer protection English definition: Information disseminated or measures and programs established to prevent and reduce damage, injury or loss to users of specific commodities and services. (Source: RHW) verbruikersgroep English: consumer group English definition: A collection of persons united to address concerns regarding the purchase and use of specific commodities or services. (Source: RHW) verbruikersinformatie English: consumer information English definition: Factual, circumstantial and, often, comparative knowledge concerning various goods, services or events, their quality and the entities producing them. (Source: RHW) verbruiksbelasting English: tax on consumption English definition: A sum of money demanded from businesses by a government, usually based on a percentage of total sales of select goods and services, and generally passed on to consumers with each individual purchase. (Source: ODE) verbruiksbelasting English: excise verbruiksgoederen English: consumer goods English definition: Manufactured products intended primarily for personal use by individuals or families and classified as either durables or non-durables, depending on length of use. (Source: ODE / Greenwald) verbruiksgoederen English: non-durable goods English definition: A good bought by consumers that tends to last for less than a year. Common examples are food and clothing. The notable thing about nondurable goods is that consumers tend to continue buying them regardless of the ups and downs of the business cycle. (Source: AMOS2) verbruiksproduct English: consumer product English definition: Economic good that directly satisfies human wants or desires. (Source: WEBSTE) verdamping English: evaporation English definition: Conversion from a liquid or solid state to a vapour. (Source: CED) verdamping(stranspiratie) English: evapotranspiration English definition: Discharge of water from the earth's surface to the atmosphere by evaporation from lakes, streams and soil surfaces and by transpiration from plants. Also known as fly-off. (Source: MGH) verdeling van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant distribution English definition: Arrangement, or pattern, associated with the occurrence of pollutants over a geographical area. (Source: ALL / ISEP) verdikking English: thickening English definition: Any process beyond gravity sedimentation that increases the concentration of solids in sludge with or without the use of chemical flocculants. (Source: WWC) verdrag English: treaty English definition: An international agreement in writing between two states or a number of states. Treaties are binding in international law; some treaties create law only for those states that are parties to them. (Source: DICLAW) Verdrag van Bonn English: Bonn Convention English definition: Convention of the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, which was drawn up to protect all migratory species considered to be endangered through all or part of their range. The Convention came into effect in 1983 and imposes strict conservation responsibilities. Hunting or trapping of 51 species threatened with extinction, half of them birds, is strictly prohibited. The Convention also aims to encourage countries along migration routes to draw up agreements to protect another 2.000 threatened species. (Source: WRIGHT) Verdrag van Helsinki English: Helsinki Convention English definition: Adopted in April 1992, an agreement by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden on the protection of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea with an action plan to reduce pollution in areas around the Sea. (Source: GILP96) Verdrag van Oslo English: Oslo agreement English definition: The Oslo Treaty came into force in 1974 and banned the dumping of certain wastes, such as mercury, cadmium and persistent plastics, in the North Sea. The Oslo Treaty has similar black lists and grey lists to the London Convention of substances that are banned from dumping. The treaty was signed by the governments of Belgium, Denmark, France, the former West Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK. Three North Sea Conferences were subsequently organized. At the first, in 1984, it was agreed that the phasing out of the use and discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) should be stepped up, that wastes including sewage sludge, should not be dumped in the North Sea and that specified hazardous waste should come under more stringent control. In 1987, at the second conference, it was agreed to reduce by half discharge of 'substances that are toxic, persistent and liable to bioaccumulate' by 1995. Restrictions on the use of marine incineration and the dumping of sewage sludge were also agreed. At the third conference, in 1990, the eight signatories to the original treaty and Switzerland had agreed to stop dumping sewage sludge at sea, but the UK said it would only phase this out by 1998. (Source: WRIGHT) Verdrag van Parijs English: Paris Convention English definition: Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from land-based sources. An International agreement signed in March 1974 by Denmark, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, the UK and West Germany to augment earlier agreements controlling the dumping of wastes at sea. (Source: ALL) verdringing van dieren English: animal displacement English definition: The habit of many animal species of moving inside their habitats or of travelling, during migrations, to different biotopes, often considerable distances apart; in aquatic environments displacements can occur horizontally or vertically while in terrestrial environments animal populations that breed in the alpine or subalpine zones in summer, move to lower levels in winter; animal displacements usually follow circadian rhythms and are related to the necessity of finding breeding, resting and feeding areas. (Source: RAMADE) verdroging English: drying out English definition: Removal of water from any substance. (Source: MGH) verdund zuur English: diluted acid English definition: A less concentrated acid. (Source: MGH) verdwenen soort English: vanished species English definition: Species which have disappeared from an area because of adverse environmental conditions. (Source: RRDA) Verenigde Naties English: United Nations English definition: A voluntary association of around 180 state signatory to the UN charter (1945), whose primary aim is to maintain international peace and security, solve economic, social, and political problems through international co-operation, and promote respect for human rights. verf English: paint English definition: A mixture of pigment and a vehicle, such as oil or water, that together form a liquid or paste that can be applied to a surface to provide an adherent coating that imparts colour to and often protects the surface. (Source: MGH) verfkamer English: paint room English definition: A portion of space within a commercial establishment that is used for applying coloring substances to certain products or materials, providing a decorative or protective coating. (Source: RHW) verfwinkel English: paint shop English definition: A shop where paint and related items are sold. (Source: CEDa) vergassing English: gasification English definition: 1) Any chemical or heat process used to convert a substance to a gas. 2) The production of gaseous fuels by reacting hot carbonaceous materials with air, steam or oxygen. The process takes place at high temperature. The gasification product is a mixture of combustible gases and tar compounds, together with particles and water vapour. Depending on the gasification method, the proportion of components varies, but common to all the processes is that the gas has to be purified before it can be used directly in a gas engine or a gas turbine. (Source: MGH / PORT) vergelijkend examen English: competitive examination English definition: A test given to a candidate for a certificate or a position and concerned typically with problems to be solved, skills to be demonstrated, or tasks to be performed. (Source: WEBSTE) vergelijkend onderzoek English: comparative test English definition: Tests conducted to determine whether one procedure is better than another. (Source: MGH) vergelijkend recht English: comparative law English definition: The study of the principles of legal science by the comparison of various systems of law. (Source: BLACK) vergelijking English: comparison English definition: The placing together or juxtaposing of two or more items to ascertain, bring into relief, or establish their similarities and dissimilarities. (Source: WEBSTE) vergelijking tussen laboratoria English: interlaboratory comparison English definition: Tests performed at the same time in different laboratories to validate the quality of the results. (Source: RRDA) vergif English: poison English definition: A substance which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body, in relatively small amounts, may cause injury, harm, or destruction to organs, tissue, or life. (Source: CONFER) vergiftenleer English: toxicology English definition: A science that deals with poisons, their actions, their detection, and the treatment of the conditions they produce. (Source: LANDY) vergiftiging English: poisoning English definition: The morbid condition produced by a poison which may be swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin. (Source: KOREN) vergiftiging English: intoxication English definition: The state of being poisoned; the condition produced by a poison which may be swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed through the skin. (Source: KOREN) verglazing English: vitrification English definition: Formation of a glassy or noncrystalline material. (Source: MGH) vergunning English: permission English definition: The license, formal consent or authorization to act on some matter, frequently validating the action as lawful or procedurally correct. (Source: BLD) vergunning English: concession English definition: Any rebate, abatement, voluntary grant of or a yielding to a demand or claim, typically made by a government or controlling authority to an individual or organization. (Source: BLD) vergunningen toekennen English: licencing English definition: Any process of granting and certifying legal or administrative permission to a person or organization to pursue some occupation or to perform some activity or business. (Source: BLD) vergunningseis English: licencing obligation English definition: Obligation to obtain a permit to pursue an occupation or to carry on some business. (Source: WESTSa) verhandelbare (emissie) rechten English: tradeable permit English definition: Tradable emissions permits are used in an environmental regulatory scheme where the sources of the pollutant to be regulated (most often an air pollutant) are given permits to release a specified number of tons of the pollutant. The government issues only a limited number of permits consistent with the desired level of emissions. The owners of the permits may keep them and release the pollutants, or reduce their emissions and sell the permits. The fact that the permits have value as an item to be sold gives the owner an incentive to reduce their emissions. (Source: WEATHE) verhandeling van emissiereducties English: emission reduction banking English definition: A system for recording qualified air emission reductions for later use in bubble, offset, or netting transactions. Plant complexes that reduce emissions substantially may 'bank' their 'credits' or sell them to other industries. (Source: EPAGLO) verhouding tussen de mens en de natuur English: man-nature relationship verhoudingen tussen rassen English: race relations English definition: The associations, tensions or harmony between two or more groups of people distinguished by history, culture, religion or physique: distinctions erroneously construed as being based on consistent biological differences and as representing, in effect, species of a human genus. (Source: SOC / RHW) verhuur van huizen English: rental housing English definition: Dwelling places occupied by tenants who make periodic payments to landlords or owners for use of the facilities as residences. (Source: RHW) verhuur van onroerend goed English: estate rental English definition: The service provided by an owner agreeing to grant the temporary possession of specific housing in return for the payment of rent from the tenant. (Source: RHW) verkeer English: traffic English definition: 1) The movement of vehicles, ships, aircraft, persons, etc., in an area or over a route.2) The vehicles, persons, etc., moving in an area or over a route. verkeer, vervoer English: traffic, transportation verkeerscontrole English: traffic control English definition: The organization of a more efficient movement of traffic within a given road network by rearranging the flows, controlling the intersections and regulating the times and places for parking. (Source: GOOD) verkeersinfrastructuur English: traffic infrastructure English definition: The fundamental facilities and systems used for the movement of vehicles, often provided through public funding. (Source: RHW) verkeerslawaai English: traffic noise English definition: Noise emitted by vehicles (heavy vehicles, cars and motorcycles, tyre/road interaction). verkeersmeting English: traffic monitoring English definition: The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the movement of persons, objects, vehicles or other conveyances along an area of passage. (Source: TOE / RHW) verkeersongeval English: traffic accident English definition: An unexpected incident with potential for harm occurring through the movement or collision of vessels, vehicles or persons along a land, water, air or space route. (Source: OED) verkeersopstopping English: traffic jam English definition: A number of vehicles so obstructed that they can scarcely move. (Source: CED) verkeersroute English: traffic route verkeerstechniek English: traffic engineering English definition: The determination of the required capacity and layout of highway and street facilities that can safely and economically serve vehicular movement between given points. (Source: MGH) verkeersveiligheid English: road safety English definition: Any measure, technique or design intended to reduce the risk of harm posed by moving vehicles along a constructed land route. (Source: RHW) verkeersvoorschrift English: traffic regulation English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government or management for the safe and orderly movement of vehicles on land, sea or in the air. (Source: BLD / RHW) verkeersvoorziening English: traffic control measure English definition: Means of controlling the number and speed of motorvehicles using a road. (Source: PHCa) verkenning English: exploration English definition: The search for economic deposits of minerals, ore, gas, oil, or coal by geological surveys, geophysical prospecting, boreholes and trial pits, or surface or underground headings, drifts, or tunnels. (Source: MGH) verklarende woordenlijst English: glossary English definition: An alphabetical list of terms concerned with a particular subject, field or area of usage that includes accompanying definitions. (Source: CED / RHW) verklikker English: detector English definition: A mechanical, electrical, or chemical device that automatically identifies and records or registers a stimulus, such as an environmental change in pressure or temperature, an electrical signal, or radiation from a radioactive material. (Source: AMHER) verlaten militair terrein English: disused military site English definition: Military site where all activity has ceased. Such areas, being extremely well sheltered against outside disturbances and in many ways less affected by human landuse than many other open landscapes, can contain significant natural habitats and rare or endangered wildlife. Abandoned military territories constitute an important source of natural landscapes to be managed and restored in an environmentally sound way. (Source: RRDA / DOBRIS) verlaten terrein English: abandoned industrial site English definition: Site that cannot be used for any purpose, being contaminated by pollutants, not necessarily radioactive. (Source: RRDA) verlaten voertuig English: abandoned vehicle English definition: A vehicle that has been discarded in the environment, urban or otherwise, often found wrecked, destroyed, damaged or with a major component part stolen or missing. (Source: ISEP / MDM) verlichting English: lighting English definition: The supply of illumination in streets or dwellings. (Source: RRDA) verlies English: loss English definition: The result of a business operation where overhead costs are greater than the receipts or income. (Source: ISEP / ODE) verlof om sociale redenen English: leave on social grounds vermesting English: overfertilisation English definition: Putting too much fertilizer on land; the runoff from overfertilisation can cause water pollution. (Source: PHC) vermindering van de gasuitstoot English: waste gas reduction English definition: Reduction of the quantity of gaseous emissions in the atmosphere, from motorvehicles, industrial and heating plants, etc. by the adoption of clean technologies, the effectiveness of process operations, the improvement of fuel quality and the installment of chimney stacks high enough to ensure the dispersion of gases. (Source: FLGISA) vermindering van geluidshinder English: noise abatement English definition: Measures to reduce noise at the source, to encourage quieter technologies or equipment or to prevent or reduce the propagation of sound. Measures may include the isolation and damping of vibration sources; the replacement of components with quieter parts and material; the enclosure of particularly noisy components; the provision of noise barriers, etc. (Source: GILP96) vermindering van olievervuiling English: oil pollution abatement English definition: There are various systems for the abatement of oil pollution at sea: the 'Load-on-top' system involves passing the washing from tank cleaning operations and residue from discharge of the original ballast water to an empty cargo tank nominated as the 'slop' tank. Fresh oil cargo is loaded on top of the final residue left after further discharges of water, the resulting mixture being acceptable to refineries despite some additional cost in removing the salt and water. Under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, all oil-carrying ships will be required to be capable of operating with this method of retention, or alternatively to discharge to reception facilities. Another method consists in spraying on the oil dispersives and/or blasting straw and sawdust, functioning as 'blotting paper', onto water, beaches, rocks and docks. The Vikoma System for the containment of oil spills at sea, developed by British Petroleum, a seaboom of about 500 metres in length, is inflated and towed downwind of the oil slick and formed into a U-shape; under the influence of wind, the oil becomes trapped within the boom. Skimming equipment travels into the boom enclosure and the oil is pumped into containers. (Source: GILP) vermogen om afval te op te nemen English: waste assimilation capacity vermogen om de ozonlaag aan te tasten English: ozone depletion potential English definition: A factor that reflects the ozone depletion potential of a substance, on a mass per kilogram basis, as compared to chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11). Such factor shall be based upon the substance's atmospheric life time, the molecular weight of bromine and chlorine, and the substance's ability to be photolytically disassociated, and upon other factors determined to be an accurate measure of relative ozone depletion potential. (Source: LEE) vernietiging English: destruction vernietiging van het natuurlijk woongebied English: habitat destruction English definition: Destruction of wildlife habitats by increasing pressure for land by fast-growing human populations, pollution and over-exploitation. Whole species or populations of plants and animals have disappeared causing a loss of genetic resource that is not only regrettable from an aesthetic or philosophical point of view but also threatens man's food supply. Habitat loss takes several forms: outright loss of areas used by wild species; degradation, for example, from vegetation removal and erosion, which deprive native species of food, shelter, and breeding areas; and fragmentation, when native species are squeezed onto small patches of undisturbed land surrounded by areas cleared for agriculture and other purposes. (Source: WPR / WRES) vernieuwing English: innovation English definition: Something newly introduced, such as a new method or device. (Source: CED) verontreinigd materiaal English: polluted matter English definition: A solid, liquid or gas that has been contaminated, rendered impure or made unsafe for use. (Source: HMD / ISEP) verontreinigde grond English: contaminated soil English definition: Soil which because of its previous or current use has substances under, on or in it which, depending upon their concentration and/or quantity, may represent a direct potential or indirect hazard to man or to the environment. (Source: GRAHAW) verontreinigde plaats English: polluted site English definition: Any place that has been made unclean or unsafe by the discharge of high concentrations of hazardous or detrimental substances into its water, soil or atmosphere. (Source: DOE) verontreinigende stof in voedsel English: food pollutant English definition: Potentially harmful substances in any food consumed by humans, or other animals, including inorganic and organic chemicals, viruses and bacteria. (Source: ISEP) verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant English definition: Any substance, usually a residue of human activity, which has an undesirable effect upon the environment. (Source: LANDY) verontreiniging English: pollution English definition: The indirect or direct alteration of the biological, thermal, physical, or radioactive properties of any medium in such a way as to create a hazard or potential hazard to human health or to the health, safety or welfare of any living species. (Source: ALL) verontreiniging van (ruw)voer English: forage contamination English definition: Introduction of hazardous or poisonous substances such as arsenic or lead into, or onto, fodder for animals. The animals consume the contaminated feed and can become sick and may die. (Source: ISEP) verontreinigingsbelasting (druk) English: pollutant load English definition: The amount of polluting material that a transporting agent, such as a stream, a glacier, or the wind, is actually carrying at a given time. (Source: LWW) verontreinigingscriteria English: pollution criterion English definition: Standard established for certain pollutants which limits their concentration. (Source: RRDA) verontreinigingsgraad English: pollutant level English definition: A value representing the concentration of a polluting agent in a specified area, often determined by a measuring and recording device. (Source: FFD) verontreinigingswaarde English: pollution load English definition: The amount of stress placed upon an ecosystem by pollution, physical or chemical, released into it by man-made or natural means. (Source: FFD) verordening English: ordinance English definition: A rule established by authority; a permanent rule of action; a law or statute. In its most common meaning, the term is used to designate the enactment of the legislative body. (Source: WESTS) verordening English: regulation English definition: The act of regulating; a rule or order prescribed for management or government; a regulating principle; a precept. Rule of order prescribed by superior or competent authority relating to action on those under its control. (Source: BLACK) verordening inzake gevaarlijke goederen English: dangerous goods regulation English definition: Rules on the handling of articles or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or property, and that ordinarily require special attention when being transported. (Source: TOLGARa) verordening met betrekking tot elektronisch afval English: electronic scrap regulation English definition: Government or management prescribed rule for the disposal and recycling of electric parts, circuits and systems, especially computer devices. (Source: BLD / RHW) verordening rond toegestane maxima English: regulation on maximum permissible limits English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by a government or an international organization or treaty establishing levels of hazardous materials in the environment or in ingestible substances beyond which human exposure is deemed health-threatening. (Source: SPR) verpakking English: packaging English definition: All products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the containment, protection, handling, delivery and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or the consumer. (Source: PORT) verpakkingsafval English: packaging waste English definition: Waste comprised of materials, or items, used to protect, contain, or transport a commodity or product and usually considered a type of consumer waste. (Source: PGE) verpakkingsindustrie English: packing industry verplicht gebruik English: compulsory use verrijken English: enrichment English definition: The process of increasing the abundance of a specified isotope in a mixture of isotopes. It is usually applied to an increase in the proportion of U-235, or the addition of Pu-239 to natural uranium for use in a nuclear reactor or weapon. (Source: DICCHE) verrijkt uranium English: enriched uranium English definition: Uranium whose concentration of uranium-235, which is able to sustain a nuclear chain reaction, is increased by removing uranium-238. (Source: ALL) verrottingsproduct English: decay product English definition: An isotope formed by the radioactive decay of some other isotope. This newly formed isotope possesses physical and chemical properties that are different from those of its parent isotope, and may also be radioactive. (Source: LEE) verslag uitbrengen aan de Minister English: report to the minister English definition: A written account or statement describing in detail observations or the results of an inquiry into an event or situation and presented to any person appointed or elected to a high-level position within some political entity. (Source: RHW) verspilling English: wastage English definition: Extravagant or useless consumption or expenditures. (Source: RHW) verspreiding English: distribution English definition: In an environmental context, the term refers to the dispersion of air pollutants and depends on the type of pollution source (point source, line source, diffuse source), the wind velocity and the wind direction. Distribution can be active or passive. (Source: RRDA) verstedelijking English: urbanisation English definition: The state of being or becoming a community with urban characteristics. (Source: MGH) verstedelijkt gebied English: conurbation English definition: 1) A large densely populated urban sprawl formed by the growth and coalescence of individual towns or cities.2) Large area covered with buildings (houses or factories or public building, etc.)3) A large area occupied by urban development, which may contain isolated rural areas, and formed by the merging together of expanding towns that formerly were separate. (Source: CED / PHC / ALL) verstooiing van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant dispersion English definition: The spreading of pollutants from a point of release in air, soil and water. The dispersion of air pollutants is heavily influenced by how and where the pollutant is emitted, e.g., by continuous low-level versus accidental releases, multiple stacks versus a few, or the height of the stacks. The nature of the local terrain meteorology and the chemistry of the released material strongly influence the pattern of regional and, finally, global dispersion and transport. vertegenwoordiging English: representation English definition: Any conduct or action undertaken on behalf of a person, group, business or government, often as an elected or appointed voice. (Source: RHW) vertraagde doorwerkingseffect; doorwerkingseffect; doorwerking English: carry-over effect English definition: Effect caused by the successive passages of polluting substances through the different organisms of a food chain. (Source: RRDA) verval van het milieu English: degradation of the environment English definition: The process by which the environment is progressively contaminated, overexploited and destroyed. (Source: RRDA) verval van natuurlijke rijkdommen English: degradation of natural resources English definition: The result of the cumulative activities of farmers, households, and industries, all trying to improve their socio-economic well being. These activities tend to be counterproductive for several reasons. People may not completely understand the long-term consequences of their activities on the natural resource base. The most important ways in which human activity is interfering with the global ecosystem are: a) fossil fuel burning which may double the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by the middle of the next century, as well as further increasing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen very significantly; b) expanding agriculture and forestry and the associated use of fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorous) are significantly altering the natural circulation of these nutrients; c) increased exploitation of the freshwater system both for irrigation in agriculture and industry and for waste disposal. (Source: WPR) verval van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant evolution English definition: The process of cumulative reactive change following the introduction of a pollutant into the environment. (Source: ALL) vervangbaarheid English: substitutability (chemistry) English definition: The capability of a substance of being replaced by another, for example sweeteners used in place of sugar. (Source: RRDA) vervanging English: replacement English definition: Substitution of an atom or atomic group with a different one. (Source: ZINZAN) vervanging van halogeenverbindingen English: substitution of halogenated compounds English definition: Halogenated compounds, because of their toxical and persistent character, should be substituted by environmental friendly compounds, like water-based fat solvents in metal processing industry or water-based coating agents. (Source: RRDA) vervangingskosten English: replacement cost English definition: The amount of money involved to replace or have an item take the place of another item. (Source: EFP) vervoer English: transportation English definition: The act or means of moving tangible objects (persons or goods) from place to place. Often involves the use of some type of vehicle. (Source: LANDY) vervoer English: transport vervoer door de (interplanetaire) ruimte English: space transportation English definition: Transportation by means of vehicles designed to operate in free space outside the earth's atmosphere. (Source: WEBSTEa) vervoer over land English: land transportation English definition: Transport of persons and goods by a network of roads or railways. (Source: RRDA) vervoer over rivieren English: river transport English definition: Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on rivers. (Source: CEDa) vervoer per pijpleiding English: transportation by pipeline English definition: Transportation of gases, liquids or slurries by a system of tubes, of steel or plastics. Petroleum, natural gas and products derived from them are the main substances transported by pipelines. (Source: GOOD) vervoer van gevaarlijke stoffen English: dangerous materials transport English definition: Type of transport regulated by special safety rules. (Source: RRDA) vervoer van zware goederen English: heavy goods vehicle traffic English definition: Traffic of large motor vehicles designed to carry heavy loads. (Source: CEDa) vervoersbedrijf English: transportation business English definition: Any commercial venture involved in the processes of conveying things or people from one place to another. (Source: RHW / OED) vervoersbeleid English: transportation policy English definition: Comprehensive statements of the objectives and policies which a local transport authority intends to pursue; it includes and estimate of transport expenditure, a statement of transport objectives, etc. (Source: GOOD) vervoersbestemming English: destination of transport English definition: The targeted place to which persons, materials or commodities are conveyed over land, water or through the air. (Source: RHW) vervoerskosten English: transport cost English definition: The outlay or expenditure involved in moving goods from one place to another. (Source: ODE) vervoersmiddel English: transportation mean English definition: Vehicles used for transferring people or goods from one place to another. (Source: RRDA) vervoersplanning English: transport planning English definition: A programme of action to provide for present and future demands for movement of people and goods. Such a programme is preceded by a transport study and necessarily includes consideration of the various modes of transport. (Source: GOOD) vervoerssysteem English: transport system English definition: System of lines of movements or communication by road, rail, water or air. (Source: GOOD) vervoersvoorschrift English: transport regulation English definition: A rule or order prescribed by government or management for the safe and orderly conveyance of persons, materials or commodities over land, water or through the air. (Source: BLD / RHW) vervoerswet English: transport law English definition: Rules concerning the movement of goods or persons by sea, railway or road. (Source: WESTSa) vervoerswijze English: mode of transportation English definition: Type of vehicle used for moving from one place to the other. (Source: RRDA) vervolging; gerechtelijke vervolging English: prosecution English definition: The pursuit of legal proceedings, particularly criminal proceedings. (Source: DICLAW) vervuild gebied English: contaminated area English definition: Any site or region that is damaged, harmed or made unfit for use by the introduction of unwanted substances, particularly microorganisms, chemicals, toxic and radioactive materials and wastes. (Source: TOE / HMD) vervuiling English: contamination English definition: Introduction into or onto water, air, soil or other media of microorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes, wastewater or other pollutants in a concentration that makes the medium unfit for its next intended use. (Source: TOE) vervuiling English: pollution vervuiling door motorvoertuigen English: motor vehicle pollution English definition: Pollution caused by gases vented to the atmosphere by internal-combustion-engine driven vehicles. vervuiling met giftige stoffen English: toxic pollution English definition: Pollution by toxic substances that produce a harmful effect on living organisms by physical contact, ingestion, or inhalation. verwarming English: heating English definition: A system for supplying heat, especially central heating, to a building. (Source: HARRIS) verwarmingsinstallatie English: heating plant English definition: Plant for producing and supplying heat. (Source: CEDa) verwarmingstoestel English: heater English definition: An apparatus that heats or provides heat. (Source: AMHER) verwerking English: processing English definition: The act of converting material from one form into another desired form. (Source: MGH) verwerking [afval] English: digestion (sewage) English definition: The reduction in volume and the decomposition of highly putrescible organic matter to relatively stable or inert organic and inorganic compounds. Sludge digestion is usually done by aerobic organisms in the absence of free oxygen. verwerkt landbouwproduct English: processed agricultural produce verwerkt voedingsmiddel English: processed foodstuff English definition: Food which has been treated to improve its appearance or to prevent it going bad. (Source: PHCa) verwijdering English: removal English definition: General term indicating the elimination of substances from a medium or from the environment. (Source: RRDA) verwijdering van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant elimination English definition: The process of completely removing a pollutant's source as well as the pollutant itself. (Source: ISEP) verwijzingsinformatie English: referral information English definition: Directions leading someone to another source that is known to provide knowledge or assistance on the specified topic or request. (Source: RHW) verwijzingsinformatiesysteem English: referral information system English definition: A coordinated assemblage of people, devices or other resources organized to provide directions leading people to sources known to provide knowledge or assistance on a specified topic or request. (Source: RHW) verwildering English: running wild English definition: A state of nature or a quality or state of being undomesticated, untamed or uncultivated. (Source: OED) verzachtende maatregel English: mitigation measure English definition: Any procedure or action undertaken to reduce the adverse impacts that a project or activity may have on the environment. (Source: TOE) verzakking; grondverzakking English: subsidence English definition: 1) A sinking down of a part of the earth's crust, generally due to underground excavations.2) The sudden sinking or gradual downward settling of the Earth's surface with little or no horizontal motion. The movement is not restricted in rate, magnitude, or area involved. Subsidence may be caused by natural geologic processes, such as solution, thawing, compaction, slow crustal warping, or withdrawal of fluid lava from beneath a solid crust; or by man's activity, such as subsurface mining or the pumping of oil or ground water. (Source: MGH / BJGEO) verzameling van soorten English: variety collection English definition: Assemblage of cultivated plants that are distinguished by any characteristics (morphology, physiology, etc.) significant for purposes of horticulture, agriculture or forestry. (Source: DUNSTE) verzekering English: insurance English definition: The act, system, or business of providing financial protection contingencies, such as death, loss or damage and involving payment of regular premiums in return for a policy guaranteeing such protection. (Source: CED) verzekering tegen milieuverontreiniging English: pollution insurance English definition: A commercial agreement which provides protection against the risks, or a particular risk, associated with pollution, toxic waste disposal or related concerns. (Source: RHW) verzekeringsmaatschappij English: insurance business English definition: A commercial service which provides a guarantee against most losses or harm to a person, property or a firm in return for premiums paid. (Source: RHW / ISEP) verzendbericht English: dispatch note verzendingslijst English: mailing list English definition: A series of addresses or e-mail addresses to which solicited or unsolicited mass mailings can be sent. (Source: RHW) verzilting van water English: water salination English definition: Process by which water becomes more salty, found especially in hot countries where irrigation is practised. (Source: PHC) verzuring English: acidification English definition: Addition of an acid to a solution until the pH falls below 7. (Source: MGH) vestiging van industrieen English: location of industries English definition: The particular place that seems apt for the installation of a new plant; the choice of the site depends on a number of economic and environmental factors. (Source: GOOD) vezel English: fibre English definition: An extremely long, pliable, cohesive natural or manufactured threadlike object from which yarns are spun to be woven into textiles. (Source: MGH) via lucht overgedragen geluid English: airborne noise English definition: Noise caused by the movement of large volumes of air and the use of high-pressure air. (Source: CORBIT) viaduct English: viaduct English definition: A long high bridge, usually held up by many arches, which carries a railway or a road over a valley or other similar area at a lower level. (Source: CAMB) video English: video English definition: A format or system used to record and transmit visual or audiovisual information by translating moving or still images into electrical signals. (Source: MVG) vierendelen English: quartering English definition: The act of dismembering the carcass of an animal with the production of organic waste which if improperly disposed cause problems of pollution and fawl smells. (Source: CED) viertaktmotor English: four stroke engine English definition: An internal combustion engine whose cycle is completed in four piston strokes; includes a suction stroke, compression stroke, expansion stroke, and exhaust stroke. (Source: MGH) vijver English: pond English definition: A natural body of standing fresh water occupying a small surface depression, usually smaller than a lake and larger than a pool. (Source: BJGEO) vijver English: pool English definition: A small, natural body of standing water, usually fresh; e.g. a stagnant body of water in a marsh, or a still body of water within a cave. (Source: BJGEO) vinasse English: vinasse English definition: The residual liquid from the distillation of alcoholic liquors, specifically, that remaining from the fermentation and distillation of beet-sugar molasses, valuable as yielding potassium salts, ammonia, etc. virologie English: virology English definition: The study of submicroscopic organisms known as viruses. (Source: MGH) virussen English: virus English definition: Submicroscopic agents that infect plants, animals and bacteria, and are unable to reproduce outside the tissues of the host. A fully formed virus consists of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein and lipid (fat) coat. The nucleic acid of the virus interferes with nucleic acid-synthesizing mechanism of the host cell, organizing it to produce more viral nucleic acid. Viruses cause many diseases (e.g., mosaic diseases of many cultivated plants, myxomatosis, foot and mouth disease, the common cold, influenza, measles, poliomyelitis). Many plant viruses are transmitted by insects, some by eelworms. Animal viruses are spread by contact, droplet infection or by insect vectors and some are spread by the exchange of body fluids. (Source: ALL) vis English: fish English definition: Cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates. (Source: MGH) vis(be)stand English: fish stock English definition: Quantity of fish held for future use. (Source: PHC) visbestanden English: fishery resource viscositeit English: viscosity English definition: Energy dissipation and generation of stresses in a fluid by the distortion of fluid elements; quantitatively, when otherwise qualified, the absolute viscosity. Also known as flow resistance. (Source: MGH) viskwekerij English: fish farming English definition: Raising of fish in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters. (Source: WPR) visplaats English: fishing ground English definition: Area of sea or freshwater where fish are caught. (Source: PHCa) visreservaat English: fishing preserve English definition: Limited portion of a water body where angling is allowed. (Source: RRDA) visserij English: fishery English definition: The industry of catching, processing and selling fish. (Source: CED) visserij English: fishery visserijbeheer English: fisheries management English definition: The administration and handling of aspects of the fishing industry, including the catching, processing and selling of fish. (Source: RHW) visserijbeleid English: fishery policy English definition: Common Fisheries Policy which covers all fishing activities, the farming of living aquatic resources, and their processing and marketing, on the legal basis of Article 39 of the Treaty of Rome. It was agreed between members of the European Community in 1983. It lays down annual catch limits for major species of fish, a 12-mile exclusive fishing zone for each state, and an equal-access zone of 200 nautical miles from its coast within which any member state is allowed to fish. (Source: ECSA / SOCIOL) visserijeconomie English: fishery economics English definition: The production, distribution, and consumption of fish and seafood and all financial aspects of the fishing and seafood industry. (Source: RHW) visserijsector English: fishing industry English definition: Industry for the handling, processing, and packing of fish or shellfish for market or shipment. (Source: KORENa) visserijstructuur English: fisheries structure English definition: Refers to all the structures (fishing vessels, trawling nets, factory ships, catcher boats, etc.) used in fishing industry. (Source: PARCORa) visserijwet English: fishing law English definition: Rules concerning fishing activities; in international law the matter is ruled by the 1958 Geneva Convention. (Source: DEFRA) vissersboot English: fishing vessel vissterfte English: fish kill English definition: Fish diseases observed in the past three decades and which have been attributed to pollution include: haemorrhages; tumours; fin rot; deformed fins; and missing scales and tails. In industrialized countries, increasing numbers of fish are deemed inedible. Many small kills are not noticed or are not reported, and large kills are often not included because of insufficient information to determine whether the kills were caused by pollution or by natural factors. Low dissolved oxygen levels resulting from excessive sewage is one of the leading causes. The second most common cause is pesticides. (Source: WPR) visvergunning English: fishing licence English definition: Official permission granted to individuals or commercial enterprises allowing and regulating by time, location, species, size or amount the fish that can be caught from rivers, lakes or ocean waters within a particular jurisdiction. (Source: BLD / RHW) visziekte English: fish disease vitaminen English: vitamin English definition: An organic compound present in variable, minute quantities in natural foodstuffs and essential for the normal processes of growth and maintenance of the body. (Source: MGH) vlees English: meat English definition: The edible flesh of animals, especially that of mammals as opposed to that of fish or a nut. (Source: AMHER / MGH) vleeseters English: carnivore English definition: An animal that eats meat. (Source: CAMB) vliegas English: fly ash English definition: Finely divided particles of ash that are entrained in flue gases resulting from the combustion of fuel or other material. The particles of ash may contain incompletely burned fuel and other pollutants. (Source: ALL) vliegtuig English: aircraft English definition: Any structure, machine, or contrivance, especially a vehicle, designed to be supported by the air, either by the dynamic action of the air upon the surfaces of the structure or object or by its own buoyancy. (Source: MGH) vliegveld English: airport English definition: A landing and taking-off area for civil aircraft, usually with surfaced runways and aircraft maintenance and passenger facilities. (Source: CED) vlies English: membrane English definition: A thin tissue that encloses or lines biological cells, organs, or other structures. It consists of a double layer of lipids with protein molecules between the two layers. Membranes are permeable to water and fat-soluble substances but not to such polar molecules as sugars. (Source: UVAROV) vliesvleugeligen English: hymenopteran English definition: Insects including bees, wasps, ants, and sawflies, having two pair of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging, sawing or piercing. (Source: CED) vlinders English: butterfly English definition: Any diurnal insect of the order Lepidoptera that has a slender body with clubbed antennae and typically rests with the wings (which are often brightly coloured) closed over the back. (Source: CED) vloeibaar (gemaakt) gas English: liquefied gas English definition: A gaseous compound or mixture converted to the liquid phase by cooling or compression; examples are liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquid oxygen, and liquid ammonia. (Source: MGH) vloeibaar afval English: liquid waste English definition: Fluid wastes, consisting of sewage and domestic wastewater, or processed water, or other liquids, produced by industrial activity, particularly by such industries as pulp and paper production, food processing, and the manufacture of chemicals. (Source: ISEP) vloeibaar maken van gas English: gas liquefaction English definition: Conversion of a gas to the liquid phase by cooling or compression. (Source: MGH) vloeibare mest English: liquid manure English definition: Any fertilizer substance with a moisture content of over ninety percent, usually consisting of animal excrement with water added. (Source: MUM) vloeibare toestand English: liquid state English definition: A state of matter intermediate between that of crystalline substances and gases in which a substance has the capacity to flow under extremely small shear stresses and conforms to the shape of a confining vessel, but is relatively incompressible, lacks the capacity to expand without limit, and can posses a free surface. (Source: MGH) vloeivelden met afvalwater als mest English: sewage farm English definition: Area of land on which sewage or any other type of waste water is distributed in order to purify it; it is a kind of waste water treatment. (Source: RRDA / ECHO2) vlokmiddel English: flocculant English definition: A reagent added to a dispersion of solids in a liquid to bring together the fine particles to form flocs. (Source: MGH) vlokvorming English: flocculation English definition: A process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of a dispersed substance form large clusters or the aggregation of particles in a colloid to form small lumps, which then settle out. (Source: ALL) vlooien English: flea English definition: Any of the wingless insects composing the order Siphonaptera; most are ectoparasites of mammals and birds. (Source: MGH) vluchteling English: refugee English definition: A person who is outside his country of origin and who, due to well-founded fear of persecution, is unable or unwilling to avail himself of that country protection. (Source: GUNN) vluchtige organische verbinding English: volatile organic compound English definition: Organic compound readily passing off by evaporation. (Source: MGH) vluchtige stof English: volatile substance English definition: A substance capable of readily changing from a solid or liquid form to a vapour; having a high vapour pressure and a low boiling point. (Source: CED) vluchtigheid English: volatility English definition: The property of a substance or substances to convert into vapor or gas without chemical change. (Source: LEE) VN-Conferentie over Milieu en Ontwikkeling English: UNCED English definition: United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1992. (Source: WRIGHT) vocht English: moisture English definition: 1) The water vapour content of the atmosphere, or the total water substances (gaseous, liquid and solid) present in a given volume of air. 2) Water that is dispersed through a gas in the form of water vapour or small droplets, dispersed through a solid, or condensed on the surface of a solid. (Source: MGH) voeder English: fodder English definition: Bulk feed for livestock, especially hay, straw, etc. (Source: CED) voedergewas English: forage crop English definition: Cultivation of crops for consumption by livestock. (Source: PHC) voedergewas English: fodder plant English definition: Plants used to feed livestock. (Source: AMHER) voederwet English: forage law voeding English: nutrition English definition: A process in animals and plants involving the intake of nutrient materials and their subsequent assimilation into the tissues. (Source: CED) voeding, voedingsmiddel, voedsel, drinkwater English: food, drinking water voedingsbalans English: nutrient balance English definition: Condition in which there is equilibrium between intake and excretion of nutrients. (Source: STEDMA) voedingsbodem English: nutrient medium English definition: A medium providing or contributing to nourishment. (Source: CED) voedingsmiddelenindustrie English: food industry English definition: The commercial production and packaging of foods that are fabricated by processing, by combining various ingredients, or both. (Source: MGH) voedingsmiddelenindustrie English: food processing industry English definition: A commercial establishment in which food is manufactured or packaged for human consumption. (Source: KOREN) voedingswaarde English: nutrient content English definition: The amount of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, inorganic salts (e.g. nitrates, phosphates), minerals (e.g. calcium, iron), and water. (Source: PORTa) voedingswaarde van voedsel English: nutritive value of food English definition: The measure of the quantity or availability of nutrients found in materials ingested and utilized by humans or animals as a source of nutrition and energy. (Source: RHW / MHD) voedsel English: food English definition: A material that can be ingested and utilized by the organism as a source of nutrition and energy. (Source: MGH) voedsel English: foodstuff English definition: A substance that can be used or prepared for use as food. (Source: AMHER) voedseladditief English: food additive English definition: Substances that have no nutritive value in themselves (or are not being used as nutrients) which are added to food during processing to improve colour, texture, flavour, or keeping qualities. (Source: ALL / MGH) voedselbehoefte English: food requirement English definition: The minimum food ration required for satisfying the essential needs of an organism. (Source: DELFIN) voedselbesmetting English: food contamination voedselbesmetting English: infestation of food English definition: Food that has been contaminated and deteriorated by some kind of pest. (Source: RRDA) voedselbestraling English: food irradiation English definition: The most recent addition to food preservation technologies is the use of ionizing radiation, which has some distinct advantages over conventional methods. With irradiation, foods can be treated after packaging, thus eliminating post-processing contamination. In addition, foods are preserved in a fresh state and can be kept longer without noticeable loss of quality. Food irradiation leaves no residues, and changes in nutritional value due to irradiation are comparable with those produced by other processes. Irradiation is the process of applying high energy to a material, such as food, to sterilize or extend its shelf-life by killing microorganisms, insects and other pests residing on it. Sources of ionizing radiation that have been used include gamma rays, electron beams and X-rays. Gamma rays are produced by radioactive isotopes such as Cobalt-60. Electron beams are produced by linear accelerators, which themselves are powered by electricity. The dose applied to a product is the most important factor of the process. At high doses, food is essentially sterilized, just as occurs in canning. Products so treated can be stored at room temperature almost indefinitely. Controversial and banned in some countries. (Source: IFSE / VCN) voedselbewaring English: food preservation English definition: Processing designed to protect food from spoilage caused by microbes, enzymes, and autooxidation. (Source: MGH) voedselhandel English: food commerce English definition: An interchange of any food commodity or related food products, usually on a large scale. (Source: RHW) voedselhygiene English: food hygiene English definition: That part of the science of hygiene that deals with the principles and methods of sanitation applied to the quality of foodstuffs, to their processing, preparation, conservation and consumption by man. (Source: GUNN) voedselketen English: food chain English definition: A sequence of organisms on successive trophic levels within a community, through which energy is transferred by feeding; energy enters the food chain during fixation by primary producers (mainly green plants) and passes to the herbivores (primary consumers) and then to the carnivores (secondary and tertiary consumers). (Source: LBC) voedselkleurstof English: food colourant English definition: Any digestible substance, usually a synthetic dye, which manufacturers add to food to give it color and enhance its appearance. (Source: INP) voedselkwaliteit English: food quality voedselopslag English: food storage English definition: Stock of food kept in storage as a national measure to provide security against fluctuations in food supply. (Source: WPR) voedselproductie (landbouw) English: food production (agriculture) voedseltechnologie English: food technology English definition: The application of science and engineering to the refining, manufacturing, and handling of foods; many food technologists are food scientists rather than engineers. (Source: MGH) voedselvervoer English: food transport voedselwetenschap English: food science English definition: The applied science which deals with the chemical, biochemical, physical, physiochemical, and biological properties of foods. (Source: MGH) voertuig English: vehicle English definition: Any conveyance in or by which people or objects are transported. (Source: CED) voertuiginspectie English: vehicle inspection English definition: An official periodical examination of an automobile, truck, boat, airplane or other means of conveyance to determine compliance in design or operation with legal standards for safety or pollution emissions. (Source: DAM / RHW) voetganger English: pedestrian English definition: One walking as distinguished from one travelling by car or cycle. (Source: WEBSTE) voetgangerszone English: pedestrian zone English definition: Area where vehicles are not allowed. (Source: CAMB) voetpad English: footpath English definition: A narrow path for walkers only. (Source: CED) voetpad langs de kust English: seaside footpath English definition: A route or track running along the coast. (Source: CAMB) voetpad; pad English: path; footpath; footway; towpath (along a canal) English definition: A route or track between one place to another. (Source: CAMB) vogelbescherming English: protection of birds vogelkunde English: ornithology English definition: The branch of zoology that deals with the study of birds, including their physiology, classification, ecology, and behaviour. (Source: AMHER / CED) vogelreservaat English: bird sanctuary English definition: Special area where birds are protected. (Source: PHC) vogels English: bird English definition: Any of the warm-blooded vertebrates which make up the class Aves. (Source: MGH) vogelsoorten English: bird species English definition: Any species of the warm-blooded vertebrates which make up the class Aves. (Source: MGH) volgende rangorde English: subsequent order volgplan English: tracking plan English definition: A formulated or systematic method for following or tracing environmentally related issues or concerns. (Source: OED) volkenkunde English: ethnology English definition: The science that deals with the study of the origin, distribution, and relations of races or ethnic groups of mankind. (Source: MGH) volksgezondheid English: public health English definition: The discipline in health science that, at the level of the community or the public, aims at promoting prevention of disease, sanitary living, laws, practices and a healthier environment. (Source: GUNN) volkstelling English: census survey English definition: An official periodic count of a population including such information as sex, age, occupation, etc. (Source: CED) volkstraditie English: folk tradition English definition: The common beliefs, practices, customs and other cultural elements of an ethnic or social group that are rooted in the past, but are persisting into the present due to means such as arts and crafts, songs and music, dance, foods, drama, storytelling and certain forms of oral communication. (Source: VFP) volksverhuizing English: human migration English definition: The permanent or semipermanent change of a person's place of residence. (Source: GOOD) volledig ontgonnen open mijn English: worked-out open cut English definition: A mine where all the mineral that could be profitably exploited has been removed. (Source: CEDa) volledige kostendekking English: cost recovery basis English definition: A standard used to provide reimbursement to individuals or organizations for any incurred expense or provided service. (Source: RHW) volstorten van mijnen English: mine filling English definition: Filling of disused mines with soil, crushed stone, or waste materials in order to restore the geological, agricultural and landscape features of the concerned area. (Source: DIZAMB) volwassene English: adult English definition: A person who is fully grown, developed or of a specified age. (Source: RHW) volwassenenonderwijs English: adult education English definition: Any instruction or training, informal or formal, which is geared to persons of mature age, regardless of previous education, and typically offered by university extension programs, employers, correspondence courses or community groups. (Source: RHW) vonnis English: judgement (sentence) English definition: The official and authentic decision of a court of justice upon the respective rights and claims of the parties to an action or suit therein litigated and submitted to its determination. The final decision of the court resolving the dispute and determining the rights and obligations of the parties. The law's last word in a judicial controversy, it being the final determination by a court of the rights of the parties upon matters submitted to it in an action or proceeding. (Source: WESTS) vonnis English: ruling English definition: A judicial or administrative interpretation of a provision of a statute, order, regulation, or ordinance. May also refer to judicial determination of admissibility of evidence, allowance of motion, etc. (Source: WESTS) voor het bos schadelijke dieren of planten English: forest pest English definition: Organisms that damage trees. (Source: CEDa) voorafgaandelijke melding voor giftig afval English: prior notification for hazardous waste transport English definition: A formal announcement and, often, a request for permission to the proper governmental authorities of the intention to convey across political borders potentially harmful materials that have been left over from manufacturing or testing processes. (Source: KSA) voorafgaandelijke overeenstemming English: prior informed consent voorgeschreven verjaring(stermijn) English: prescription statutory limitation voorkomen van milieuverontreiniging English: pollution prevention English definition: Eliminating the production of hazardous wastes and greenhouse gases at their source, within the production process. This can often be achieved through a variety of relatively simple strategies, including minor changes in manufacturing processes, substitution of non-polluting products for polluting products, and simplification of packaging. Companies practicing waste reduction have saved hundreds of millions of dollars, and used it to catalyze employee involvement and eliminate the need for expensive end-of-the-pipe filtering. (Source: GLOCHA) voorkomen van waterverontreiniging English: water pollution prevention English definition: Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert or hinder human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of water. (Source: TOE) voorkoming English: prevention English definition: The act of keeping from happening, especially by taking precautionary action. (Source: CED) voorkoming van bosbranden English: prevention of forest fires English definition: Precautionary actions, measures or installations implemented to avert the possibility of an unexpected conflagration of any large wooded area having a thick growth of trees and plants. (Source: ISEP / RHW) voorkoming van natuurlijke risico's English: natural risks prevention English definition: Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert the probability of harm to humans, property or natural resources posed by conditions or events in the environment neither initiated nor formed by human activity. (Source: HMD / RHW) voorkoming van schade English: damage prevention English definition: The aggregate of approaches and measures to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not cause damage. It implies the formulation and implementation of long-range policies and programmes to eliminate or prevent the damages caused by disasters. (Source: GUNN) voorkomingsmaatregel English: prevention measure English definition: Measures taken in advance to prevent the occurrence of disasters or similar emergencies. (Source: GUNNa) voorkoop English: pre-emption English definition: The right of first refusal to purchase land in the event that the grantor of the right should decide to sell. voorraad English: stock (trade) English definition: Stored products ready for sale. voorraad aan (natuurlijke) hulpbronnen English: resource reserve voorschrift English: prescription English definition: Acquisition of a personal right to use a way, water, light and air by reason of continuous usage. Prescription is a peremptory and perpetual bar to every species of action, real or personal, when creditor has been silent for a certain time without urging his claim. (Source: WESTS) voorschriften voor de landbouwproductie English: regulation of agricultural production English definition: A body of rules or orders prescribed by government, management or an international organization or treaty pertaining to the cultivation of land, raising crops, or feeding, breeding and raising livestock. (Source: BLD / RHW) voorspelde immissie English: immission forecast English definition: The prediction of immissions is calculated on the basis of the pollutant load, the source height, the wind speed and the dispersion coefficient. (Source: FLGISA) voorspelling English: forecast English definition: An estimate or prediction of a future condition. (Source: WEBSTE) voorspelling op lange termijn English: long-term forecasting English definition: The act or process of predicting and calculating the likely conditions or occurrences for an extended and future point in time, often involving the study and analysis of pertinent data. (Source: RHW / MHE) voorspellingsgegevens English: prognostic data voorstedelijk gebied English: periurban space English definition: Any expanse of land or region located on the outskirts of a city or town. (Source: RHW) voorstelling English: show English definition: A performance, program or exhibition providing entertainment to a group of people, displayed either through some communication media, such as radio or television, or live at a museum or theater. (Source: RHW) voorstelling dat men van een risico heeft English: risk perception English definition: A subjective appreciation by individuals which will more often than not bear little relation to the statistical probability of damage or injury. (Source: GRAHAW) voortplanting English: reproduction (biological) English definition: Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which an animal or plant produces one or more individuals similar to itself. (Source: CED) voortplanting van planten English: plant reproduction English definition: Any of various processes, either sexual or asexual, by which a plant produces one or more individuals similar to itself. (Source: CED) voortplantingsmanipulatie English: reproductive manipulation English definition: The technology involved in altering in some prescribed way the genetic constitution of an organism. Typically 'useful' genes, i.e. very short sequence of DNA, are isolated from one organism and inserted into the DNA of a bacterium of yeast. These microorganisms multiply rapidly and can be cultured easily, enabling large quantities of the gene product to be obtained. Reproductive manipulation has been used for the large-scale production of antibiotics, enzymes, and hormones (e.g. insulin). Organisms into which foreign DNA has been artificially inserted are called 'transgenic organisms'. (Source: UVAROV) voortstuwingswijze English: propulsion technique English definition: Technique for causing a body to move by exerting a force against it. (Source: MGH) voorzorgsbeginsel English: precautionary principle English definition: Principle adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) that in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation. (Source: GILP96) voorzorgsmaatregel tegen brand English: fire precaution English definition: Measure, action or installation implemented in advance to avert the possibility of any unexpected and potentially harmful combustion of materials. (Source: RHW) vorm van der aardkorst English: landform English definition: Any physical, recognizable form or feature of the Earth's surface, having a characteristic shape and produced by natural causes; it includes major forms such as plane, plateau and mountain, and minor forms such as hill, valley, slope, esker, and dune. Taken together the landforms make up the surface configuration of the Earth's. (Source: BJGEO) vorming van verontreinigende stoffen English: pollutant formation English definition: The act or process in which polluting agents are created, produced or formed. (Source: OED / RHW) vorst English: frost English definition: A deposit of interlocking ice crystals formed by direct sublimation on objects. (Source: MGH) vraag English: demand English definition: The desire, ability and willingness of an individual to purchase a good or service. The consumer must have the funds or the ability to obtain funds in order to convert the desire into demand. The demand of a buyer for a certain good is a schedule of the quantities of that good which the individual would buy at possible alternative prices at a given moment in time. (Source: GREENW) vraag en aanbod English: supply and demand English definition: The relationship between the amount or quantity of a commodity that is available for purchase and the desire or ability of consumers to buy or purchase the commodity, which, in theory, determines the commodity's price in a free market. (Source: MGHME) vraag naar water English: water demand vrachtvervoer English: freight transport English definition: Transportation of goods by ship, aircraft or other vehicles. (Source: RRDA) vrachtwagen English: lorry English definition: A large motor vehicle designed to carry heavy loads, especially one with a flat platform. (Source: CED) vrij toegankelijke informatie English: public information English definition: Factual or circumstantial knowledge or the service, office or station providing this knowledge for an entire population or community, without restriction. (Source: RHW) vrij verkeer van kapitaal English: free movement of capital English definition: The unrestrained flow of cash, funds, and other means of wealth between countries with different currencies. (Source: RHW) vrije tijd English: leisure time English definition: Time free from work or other duties; spare time. vrijetijdsbesteding English: leisure activity English definition: Sports and recreational activities carried out in the time free from work or other duties. vrijetijdsbesteding English: use of leisure time English definition: Making use of free time to carry out recreational activities. (Source: RRDA) vrijetijdscentrum English: leisure centre English definition: A building containing a swimming pool and a large room or other places where you can play sports. (Source: CAMB) vrijhandel English: free trade English definition: Trade which is unimpeded by tariffs, import and export quotas and other measures which obstruct the free movement of goods and services between states. (Source: GOOD) vrijheid English: freedom English definition: The quality or state of being free, especially to enjoy political and civil liberties. (Source: CED) vrijwillig natuurreservaat English: voluntary natural reserve English definition: Area of national interest which is protected under the responsibility of its owner in order to safeguard wildlife, archeological and geological sites. (Source: UNIONa) vrijwilligerswerk English: voluntary work English definition: Unpaid activities done by citizens often organized in associations, to provide services to others, particularly to elderly and poor people, handicapped, etc. (Source: ZINZAN) vroegtijdig waarschuwingssysteem English: early warning system English definition: Any series of procedures and devices designed to detect sudden or potential threats to persons, property or the environment at the first sign of danger; especially a system utilizing radar technology. (Source: RHW) vrouw English: woman English definition: An adult human female. vruchtenboom English: fruit tree English definition: Any tree that bears edible fruit. (Source: CED) vruchtwisseling English: crop rotation English definition: An agricultural technique in which, season after season, each field is sown with crop plants in a regular rotation, each crop being repeated at intervals of several years. Crop rotation minimizes the risks of depleting the soil of particular nutrients. In rotation systems, a grain crop is often grown the first year, followed by a leafy-vegetable crop in the second year, and a pasture crop in the third. The last usually contains legumes; such plants can restore nitrogen to the soil. Notwithstanding, high yields tend to depend upon the continued addition of chemical fertilizers to the soil. (Source: GILP96) vuilniswagen English: refuse collection vehicle English definition: Special vehicles designed and equipped for the collection of wastes and their transportation to a waste disposal site. (Source: MANCOSa) vulcaniseren English: vulcanisation English definition: A chemical reaction of sulfur (or other vulcanizing agent) with rubber or plastic to cause cross-linking of the polymer chains; it increases strength and resiliency of the polymer. (Source: MGH) vulkaan English: volcano English definition: A vent in the surface of the Earth through which magma and associated gases and ash erupt; also, the form or structure, usually conical, that is produced by the ejected material. (Source: BJGEO) vulkaanuitbarsting English: volcanic eruption English definition: The ejection of solid, liquid, or gaseous material from a volcano. (Source: ZINZAN) vulkanisch gebied English: volcanic area vulkanisme English: volcanism English definition: The processes by which magma and its associated gases rise into the crust and are extruded onto the Earth's surface and into the atmosphere. (Source: BJGEO) vulkanologie English: volcanology English definition: The branch of geology that deals with volcanism. (Source: MGH) vulmiddel English: filling material English definition: Any substance used to fill the holes and irregularities in planed or sanded surfaces so as to decrease the porosity of the surface for finish coatings. (Source: ECHO2) waarde English: value English definition: Worth, merit or importance of something. (Source: CED) waardeverandering English: change in value waarschuwingsplan English: warning plan English definition: A scheme or method of acting developed in advance to notify as quickly as possible the affected population of any sudden, urgent and usually unexpected occurrence requiring immediate action. (Source: ISEP) Waddenzee English: Wadden Sea English definition: The Wadden sea is a shallow sea extending along the North Sea coasts of The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. It is a highly dynamic ecosystem with tidal channels, sands, mud flats, salt marshes, beaches, dunes, river mouths and a transition zone to the North Sea, the offshore zone. Most parts of the Wadden Sea, in particular in The Netherlands and Lower Saxony, are sheltered by barrier islands and contain smaller or wider areas of intertidal flats. The present form of the Wadden Sea is the result of both natural forces and action by man. Twice a day, on average, 15 km3 of sea water enter the Wadden sea. With the water from the North Sea, large amount of sand and silt are imported which settle in places with little water movement. During low tides large parts of the Wadden Sea emerge. These so-called tidal flats cover about 2/3 of the tidal area and are one of its most characteristic features. Nowhere in the world can such a large unbroken stretch of tidal flats be found. They account for 60% of all tidal areas in Europe and North Africa. (Source: CWSS) wagen English: car English definition: A four-wheeled motor vehicle used for land transport, usually propelled by a gasoline or diesel internal combustion engine. (Source: RHW) walvisachtigen English: cetacean English definition: Aquatic mammals, including the whales, dolphins, and porpoises. (Source: MGH) walvissen English: whale English definition: Large marine mammals of the order Cetacea; the body is streamlined, the broad flat tail is used for propulsion, and the limbs are balancing structures. (Source: MGH) walvisvangst English: whaling English definition: Catching whales to use as food or for their oil, etc. Whales are the largest mammals still in existence. They are caught mainly for their oils, though in some case for food. Some species of whale have become extinct because of overexploitation and the population of many of the existing species is dangerously low. Commercial whaling is severely restricted. (Source: PHC) wandelpad English: hiking trail English definition: A trail in the country along which one can walk, usually for pleasure or exercise. (Source: CEDa) wandkaart; kaart English: chart; map English definition: A map, generally designed for navigation or other particular purposes, in which essential map information is combined with various other data critical to the intended use. (Source: MGH) wangedrag ten opzichte van het milieu English: environmental misconduct wantsen English: bug English definition: Any of the suborder Heteroctera, having piercing and sucking mouthparts, specialized as a beak. (Source: CED) wapen English: weapon English definition: An instrument of attack or defense in combat, as a gun, missile, or sword. (Source: AMHER) wapenomschakeling English: armament conversion English definition: Change in character, form or function of the arms and equipment with which a military unit is supplied. wapens English: armament English definition: The weapons, ammunition and equipment, or the total force held by a military unit or state. (Source: RHW) warm water English: hot water warm water English: thermal water English definition: Water, generally of a spring or geyser, whose temperature is appreciably above the local mean annual air temperature. (Source: BJGEO) warmbloedig dier English: warm-blooded animal English definition: Animal which has a body temperature that stays the same and does not change with the temperature of its surroundings. (Source: CAMB) warmte (fysica) English: heat (physics) English definition: A form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature: it is equal to the total kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of a system. (Source: CED) warmte- en krachtcentrale op basis van afval English: waste-fed heating and power plant English definition: Heating and power production plant where fuel is provided from refuse. (Source: PHCa) warmte-apparatuur English: thermal equipment English definition: Equipment related to the production of heat. (Source: AMHER) warmtebehandeling English: thermal treatment English definition: 1) Heating and cooling a metal or alloy to obtain desired properties or conditions. 2) Treatment of hazardous waste in a device which uses elevated temperatures as the primary means to change the chemical, physical, or biological character or composition of the hazardous waste. Examples of thermal treatment processes are incineration, molten salt, pyrolysis, calcination, wet air oxidation, and microwave discharge. (Source: MGH / LEE) warmtecentrale English: thermal power plant English definition: A power-generating plant which uses heat to produce energy. Such plants may burn fossil fuels or use nuclear energy to produce the necessary thermal energy. (Source: LANDY) warmtecentrale op basis van afval English: waste-fed heating plant English definition: Heating plant where fuel is provided from refuse. (Source: PHC) warmte-energie uit de zee English: thermal sea power English definition: The concept of utilizing the temperature differences of 20degC or more that occur between the surface of an ocean and its depths to achieve a continuous supply of power; this temperature difference may be found in the tropical regions of the world. Various small plants have been constructed to demonstrate the principle. (Source: GILP96) warmte-isolatie English: thermal insulation English definition: The process of preventing the passage of heat to or from a body by surrounding it with a nonconducting material. (Source: CED) warmtekrachtcentrale English: heat and power station English definition: Power station which produces both electricity and hot water for the local population. A CHP (Combined Heat and Power Station) plant may operate on almost any fuel, including refuse. (Source: PHC) warmtekrachtkoppeling English: cogeneration English definition: Usually the generation of heat in the form of steam, and the generation of power in the form of electricity. Combined heat and power plants are able to convert a much higher proportion of the energy in fuel into final output. The steam produced may be used through heat exchangers in a district heating scheme, while the electricity provides lighting and power. (Source: GILP96) warmte-krachtkoppeling English: power-heat relation English definition: The ratio of the work done by an engine to the heat supplied. (Source: UVAROV) warmtepomp English: heat pump English definition: A device which transfers heat from a cooler reservoir to a hotter one, expending mechanical energy in the process, especially when the main purpose is to heat the hot reservoir rather than refrigerate the cold one. (Source: MGH) warmteverontreiniging English: thermal pollution English definition: The excessive raising or lowering of water temperature above or below normal seasonal ranges in streams, lakes, or estuaries or oceans as the result of discharge of hot or cold effluents into such water. (Source: LANDY / WPR) warmtevoorziening English: heat supply English definition: The provision of heating fuel, coal or other heating source materials, or the amount of heating capacity, for the use of a municipality, or other heat user. (Source: ISEP) warmwaterketel English: boiler English definition: An enclosed vessel in which water is heated and circulated, either as hot water or as steam, for heating or power. (Source: AMHER) wasmiddel English: detergent English definition: A surface-active agent used for removing dirt and grease from a variety of surfaces and materials. Early detergents contained alkyl sulphonates, which proved resistant to bacterial decomposition, causing foaming in rivers and difficulties in sewage treatment plants. These hard detergents were replaced during the 1960s with soft biodegradable detergents. Apprehension continues to be expressed about the use of phosphates in detergents, helping to promote the process of eutrophication. No satisfactory substitute has yet emerged. (Source: GILP96) wassen English: washing English definition: The process of cleaning or removing dirt and other matter, usually with water or some other liquid. (Source: RHW) wassen en strijken English: laundering English definition: The act of washing and ironing clothes, linen, etc. (Source: CED) water English: waterlogged land English definition: Waterlogging is an effect of canal irrigation; it occurs when the water table rises to within 3 meters of a crop's roots, impeding their ability to absorb oxygen and ultimately compromising crop yields. Many factors contribute to waterlogging. These include inadequate drainage, improper balance in the use of groundwater and surface water, seepage and percolation from unlined channels, overwatering, planting crops not suited to specific soils, and inadequate preparation of land before irrigation. (Source: WRES) water English: water (substance) English definition: Common liquid (H2O) which forms rain, rivers, the sea, etc., and which makes up a large part of the bodies of organisms. (Source: PHC) water English: water water dat niet onder de territoriale eigendomsrechten valt English: non-demesnial water English definition: A body of water that is owned and maintained by an individual or entity other than the national government. (Source: OED) water rijk aan rottend organisch materiaal English: saprobe English definition: Referring to the classification of organisms according to the way in which they tolerate pollution. (Source: PHC) water voor (menselijk) gebruik English: water for consumption English definition: Consumptive water use starts with withdrawal, but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent use. (Source: GOOD) water voor industrieel gebruik English: water for industrial use English definition: Water used by industries for purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing and cooling, which is obtained from a public supply or through self-supplied sources. (Source: WWC) wateranalyse English: water analysis English definition: Study of the chemical, physical and biological properties of water. (Source: PORT) waterbalans English: hydrologic balance English definition: An accounting of the inflow to, outflow from, and storage in a hydrologic unit such as a drainage basin, aquifer, soil zone, lake or reservoir; the relationship between evaporation, precipitation, runoff, and the change in water storage. (Source: BJGEO) waterbeheer English: water management English definition: Measures taken to ensure an adequate supply of water and a responsible utilization of water resources. (Source: KORENa / PARCOR) waterbehoud English: water conservation English definition: The protection, development and efficient management of water resources for beneficial purposes. (Source: PARCOR) waterbeluchting English: water aeration English definition: Addition of air to sewage or water so as to raise its dissolved oxygen level. (Source: RRDA) waterbescherming English: water protection English definition: Measures to conserve surface and groundwater; to ensure the continued availability of water for growing domestic, commercial and industrial uses and to ensure sufficient water for natural ecosystems. (Source: GILP96a) waterbeschermingswetgeving English: water protection legislation waterbesparing English: water saving English definition: Management of water resources aiming at ensuring the continued availability of water for human uses and natural ecosystems. (Source: GILP96) waterbezit English: demesnial water English definition: A body of water that is owned and maintained by a national governmental body or agency. (Source: OED) waterbodem English: water bottom English definition: The floor upon which any body of water rests. (Source: BJGEO) waterbouw English: hydraulic engineering English definition: A branch of civil engineering concerned with the design, erection, and construction of sewage disposal plants, waterworks, dams, water-operated power plants and such. (Source: MGH) waterbouwkundig bouwwerk English: hydraulic construction English definition: Any structure built to route the flow of water, or to support the weight and pressure of a body of water. (Source: ENC / LIV) waterbron English: water well English definition: A well sunk to extract water from a zone of saturation. (Source: MGH) waterbronnen English: water resource English definition: Water in any of its forms, wherever located - atmosphere, surface or ground - which is or can be of value to man. (Source: LANDY) waterbronnenbescherming English: water resources conservation English definition: Controlled utilization or protection of any supply of water so that it is potentially useful for some purpose, such as for an economic, recreational or life-sustaining purpose. (Source: MHE / EEN / WWC) watercultuur English: aquaculture English definition: 1) The cultivation and harvest of freshwater or marine animals and plants, in ponds, tanks, cages or on protected beds. This is usually done in inland waters, estuaries or coastal waters. It is estimated that commercial fish farming accounts for more than 10% of the world's fish needs. Fish farming usually concentrates on molluscs, including oysters, mussels and clams, because they are usually immobile and fetch high prices. Shrimps and salmon are also farmed, but the stock have to be caught in the wild first, so that they can be brought up to commercial standards in pens. Aquaculture in not new. In Asia freshwater fish have been farmed for some 4.000 years, usually on small farms. 2) The use of artificial means to increase the production of aquatic organisms in fresh or salt water. (Source: WRIGHT / LANDY) waterdier English: aquatic animal English definition: Animal having a water habitat. (Source: RRDA) waterdistributiesysteem English: water distribution system English definition: The system of pipes supplying water to communities and industries. (Source: PARCOR) wateren English: water (geographic) English definition: The liquid that forms streams, lakes, and seas, and issues from the ground in springs. (Source: WEBSTE) watererosie English: water erosion English definition: The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by water. As weathering, erosion is a natural geological process, but more rapid soil erosion results from poor land-use practices, leading to the loss of fertile topsoil and to the silting of dams, lakes, rivers and harbours. There are three classes of erosion by water. a) Splash erosion occurs when raindrops strike bare soil, causing it to splash, as mud, to flow into spaces in the soil and to turn the upper layer of soil into a structureless, compacted mass that dries with a hard, largely impermeable crust. b) Surface flow occurs when soil is removed with surface run-off during heavy rain. c) Channelized flow occurs when a flowing mixture of water and soil cuts a channel, which is then deepened by further scouring. A minor erosion channel is called a rill, a larger channel a gully. (Source: ALL) watergebruik English: water utilisation English definition: Three types of water use are distinguished: a) withdrawal, where water is taken from a river, or surface or underground reservoir, and after use returned to a natural water body, e.g. water used for cooling in industrial processes. Such return flows are particularly important for downstream users in the case of water taken from rivers; b) consumptive, which starts with withdrawal but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent uses; c) non-withdrawal, i.e. the in situ use of a water body for navigation (including the floating of logs by the lumber industry), fishing, recreation, effluent disposal and hydroelectric power generation. (Source: LEE) watergegevens English: water statistics waterhardheid English: water hardness English definition: The amount of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in water. (Source: MGHa) waterhyacint English: water hyacinth English definition: Floating aquatic plant, Eichornia crassipes of tropical America, having showy bluish-purple flowers and swollen leafstalks: family Pontederiaceae. It forms dense masses in rivers, ponds, etc., and is a serious pest in the southern U.S., Java, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Africa. (Source: CED) waterig milieu English: aquatic environment English definition: Waters, including wetlands, that serve as habitat for interrelated and interacting communities and populations of plants and animals. (Source: LEE) waterkracht English: water power English definition: Energy obtained from natural or artificial waterfalls, either directly by turning a water wheel or turbine, or indirectly by generating electricity in a dynamo driven by a turbine. (Source: MGH) waterkracht English: hydroelectric energy English definition: The free renewable source of energy provided by falling water that drives the turbines. Hydropower is the most important of the regenerable energy sources because of its highest efficiency at the energy conversion. There are two types of hydroelectric power plants: a) run-of-river power plants for the use of affluent water; b) storage power plants (power stations with reservoir) where the influx can be regulated with the help of a reservoir. Mostly greater differences in altitudes are being used, like mountain creeks. Power stations with reservoirs are generally marked by barrages with earth fill dam or concrete dams. Though hydropower generally can be called environmentally acceptable, there exist also some problems: a) change of groundwater level and fill up of the river bed with rubble. b) Risk of dam breaks. c) Great demand for land space for the reservoir. d) Diminution, but partly also increase of value of recreation areas. As the hydropowers of the world are limited, the world energy demand however is rising, finally the share of hydropower will decrease. (Source: PORT / PHC / PZ) waterkrachtcentrale English: hydroelectric power plant English definition: Power station which operates with the free renewable source of energy provided by falling water. (Source: PORT) waterkringloop English: hydrologic cycle English definition: The movement of water between the oceans, ground surface and atmosphere by evaporation, precipitation and the activity of living organisms, as one of the mayor biogeochemical cycles. Each day water evaporates from the oceans and is carried in the air from the sea over the land, which receives it as precipitation, and finally returns from the land to the sea through rivers, thus completing the cycle. (Source: ALLa) waterkwaliteit English: water quality English definition: A graded value of the components (organic and inorganic, chemical or physical) which comprise the nature of water. (Source: LANDY) waterkwaliteitsbeheer English: water quality management English definition: Water quality management concerns four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial or agricultural) to be made of the water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed industrial-municipal waste treatment improvements) and enforcement plans, and an anti-degradation statement to protect existing high quality waters. (Source: USC) waterleidingbedrijf English: waterworks English definition: Plant for treating and purifying water before it is pumped into pipes for distribution to houses, factories, schools, etc. (Source: PHC) waterlichaam English: water body English definition: Any mass of water having definite hydrological, physical, chemical and biological characteristics and which can be employed for one or several purposes. (Source: FLGISA) waterloop English: watercourse English definition: A natural stream arising in a given drainage basin but not wholly dependent for its flow on surface drainage in its immediate area, flowing in a channel with a well-defined bed between visible banks or through a definite depression in the land, having a definite and permanent or periodic supply of water, and usually, but not necessarily, having a perceptible current in a particular direction and discharging at a fixed point into another body of water. (Source: BJGEO) watermolen English: water mill English definition: A mill whose power is provided by a large wheel which is turned by moving water, especially a river. (Source: CAMB) wateronttrekking English: water extraction English definition: Pumping of water for different purposes (i.e. agriculture, land reclamation, domestic and industrial use, etc.). (Source: RRDA) waterplant English: aquatic plant English definition: Plants adapted for a partially or completely submerged life. (Source: LBC) waterpomp English: water pump English definition: A machine or apparatus used to lift water, usually from a well or borehole, which is powered manually or by engine, wind or some other source. (Source: RHW / GLG) waterprijs English: water cost English definition: The value or the amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of water. (Source: EFP / RHW) waterregeneratie English: water regeneration English definition: A process in which naturally occurring microorganisms, plants, trees or geophysical processes break down, degrade or filter out hazardous substances or pollutants from a body of water, cleansing and treating contaminated water without human intervention. (Source: OSW) waterrijk gebied English: wetland English definition: Areas that are inundated by surface or ground water with frequency sufficient to support a prevalence of vegetative or aquatic life that requires saturated or seasonally saturated soil conditions for growth or reproduction. (Source: LANDY) waterschade English: water damage English definition: Water damage can be caused by flooding, severe storms, tidal waves, seismic seawaves, storm surges, etc. (Source: WPR) waterschap English: water regulatory authority English definition: The power of a government agency or its administrators to administer and implement regulations, laws and government policies relating to the preservation and protection of water resources. (Source: BLD) waterstand English: water level English definition: The level reached by the surface of a body of water. (Source: CED) waterstof English: hydrogen English definition: A flammable colourless gas that is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. It occurs mainly in water and in most organic compounds and is used in the production of ammonia and other chemicals, in the hydrogenation of fats and oils, and in welding. (Source: CED) watertoezicht English: water monitoring English definition: Studies conducted to estimate the quantity and the quality of pollutants, nutrients and suspended solids contained in water bodies and to assess sources and factors associated with agricultural practices, industrial activities or other human activities. (Source: DNRa) waterval English: waterfall English definition: A perpendicular or steep descent of the water of a stream, as where it crosses an outcrop of resistant rock overhanging softer rock that has been eroded or flows over the edge of a plateau of cliffed coast. (Source: BJGEO) waterverbruik English: water consumption English definition: The utilization patterns and quantities entailed in a community or human group's use of water for survival, comfort and enjoyment. (Source: ODE / RHW) waterverkeer English: traffic on water English definition: The movement of boats and other vessels over any water route or area. (Source: RHW) waterverontreiniging English: water pollution English definition: The manmade or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological and radiological integrity of water. (Source: LANDY) watervervoer English: water transportation English definition: Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea or on inland waterways. (Source: CEDa) watervervuiler English: water pollutant English definition: A chemical or physical agent introduced to any body of water that may detrimentally alter the natural condition of that body of water and other associated bodies of water. (Source: FFD / ISEP) watervlooien English: water flea English definition: Fresh-water branchiopod crustaceans characterized by a transparent bivalve shell. (Source: MGH) watervoerende laag English: aquifer English definition: Layers of rock, sand or gravel that can absorb water and allow it to flow. An aquifer acts as a groundwater reservoir when the underlying rock is impermeable. This may be tapped by wells for domestic, agricultural or industrial use. A serious environmental problem arises when the aquifer is contaminated by the seepage of sewage or toxins from waste dumps. If the groundwater in coastal areas is over-used salt water can seep into the aquifer. (Source: WRIGHT) watervogels English: waterfowl English definition: Aquatic birds which constitute the order Anseriformes, including the swans, ducks, geese, and screamers. (Source: MGH) watervoorziening English: water supply English definition: A source or volume of water available for use; also, the system of reservoirs, wells, conduits, and treatment facilities required to make the water available and usable. (Source: BJGEO) waterweg English: waterway English definition: A river, canal, or other navigable channel used as a means of travel or transport. (Source: CED) waterwetenschappen English: water science English definition: The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment. (Source: MGH) waterwinning English: water collection English definition: The catching of water, especially rain water, in a structure such as a basin or reservoir. (Source: RRDA) waterzoogdier English: aquatic mammal waterzuivering English: water purification English definition: Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized. (Source: MGH) waterzuivering English: water treatment English definition: Purification of water to make it suitable for drinking or for any other use. (Source: MGH) waterzuiveringsinstallatie English: water purification plant English definition: Plant where water, through physical and chemical processes, is made suitable for human consumption and other purposes. (Source: PARCOR) weefsel English: tissue English definition: A part of an organism consisting of a large number of cells having a similar structure and function. (Source: CED) weefselophoping English: accumulation in body tissues weekdieren English: mollusc English definition: Any of various invertebrates having a soft unsegmented body and often a shell, secreted by a fold of skin. (Source: CED) weekmaker English: softening agent English definition: 1) A substance added to another substance to increase its softness, pliability, or plasticity. 2) A substance, such as a zeolite, for softening water. (Source: CED) weer English: weather English definition: The day-to-day meteorological conditions, especially temperature, cloudiness, and rainfall, affecting a specific place. (Source: CED) weerkaatsing English: reflection English definition: The return of waves or particles from surfaces on which they are incident. (Source: MGH) weerkunde English: meteorology English definition: The science concerned with the atmosphere and its phenomena. (Source: MGH) weerkundig onderzoek English: meteorological research English definition: Study of meteorological elements such as wind speed and direction, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, evaporation, solar radiation, visibility and cloud cover in order to collect data for weather forecast or for specific research purposes. (Source: YOUNG) weerkundig verschijnsel English: meteorological phenomenon English definition: Phenomena which occur in the troposphere and stratosphere, such as precipitations, wind, temperature, etc. (Source: RRDA) weerkundige parameter English: meteorological parameter English definition: Variables, such as pressure, temperature, wind strength, humidity, etc. from which conclusions as to the forthcoming weather are drawn. (Source: UVAROVa) weerkundige ramp English: meteorological disaster English definition: Violent, sudden and destructive change to the environment related to, produced by, or affecting the earth's atmosphere, especially the weather-forming processes. (Source: ISEP) weerstand(svermogen) English: resistance (biological) English definition: 1) The ability of a plant to overcome, retard, suppress, or prevent infection or colonization by a pathogen, parasite, or adverse abiotic factor. 2) The ability of insects, fungi, weeds, or other pests to survive normally lethal doses of an insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, or other pesticide. (Source: DUNSTE) weerstoestand English: weather condition English definition: The complex of meteorological characteristics in a given region. (Source: RRDA) weersverandering English: weather modification English definition: The changing of natural weather phenomena by technical means. (Source: MGH) weersvoorspelling English: meteorological forecasting English definition: A branch of science that studies the dynamics of the atmosphere and the direct effects of the atmosphere upon the Earth's surface, oceans and inhabitants, focusing particularly on weather and weather conditions. (Source: INP / NOA / EEN) weersvoorspelling English: weather forecasting English definition: The act or process of predicting and highlighting meteorological conditions that are expected for a specific time period and for a specific area or portion of air space, by using objective models based on certain atmospheric parameters, along with the skill and experience of a meteorologist. (Source: FEM / AUS) weerswaarneming English: weather monitoring English definition: The periodic or continuous surveillance or analysis of the state of the atmosphere and climate, including variables such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity and barometric pressure. (Source: TOE / RHW) weg English: road English definition: A long piece of hard ground that people can drive along from one place to another. (Source: CAMB) weg English: route English definition: Any established or selected course for passage or travel. (Source: RHW) weg- en waterbouwkunde English: civil engineering English definition: The planning, design, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures and ground facilities for industry, transportation, use and control of water or occupancy. (Source: MGH) weg(en)zout English: road salt English definition: Salt used against the formation of ice on roads; when excess salt washes off the roads, it can poison roadside vegetation or raise salt concentrations in streams and reserves of underground water. It also accelerates the deterioration of concrete and metal. (Source: WPR) wegenbouw English: road construction wegennet English: road network English definition: The system of roads through a country. (Source: RRDA) wegenonderhoud English: road maintenance English definition: The care or upkeep of streets, highways and other routes, including improvements in alignment, widening and markings, and work involving buried cables, water mains or gas mains. (Source: CSD) weginrichting English: road setting English definition: The establishing of boulevards, turnpikes, highways and other routes on land. (Source: RHW) weguitstippeling English: route planning English definition: The activity of designing, organizing or preparing for the construction of boulevards, turnpikes, highways and other roads. (Source: RHW) wegverkeer English: road traffic English definition: Circulation of motor vehicles and people on the road network. (Source: ZINZAN) wegverkeerstechnologie English: road traffic engineering English definition: Discipline which includes the design of highways and pedestrian ways, the study and application of traffic statistics, and the environmental aspects of the transportation of goods and people. (Source: CED) wegvervoer English: road transport English definition: Transportation of goods and persons by vehicles travelling on a road network. (Source: RRDA) wei English: whey English definition: The watery liquid that separates from the curd when the milk is clotted, as in making cheese. (Source: CED) weide English: meadow English definition: Strictly a term for a field of permanent grass used for hay, but also applied to rich, waterside grazing areas that are not suitable for arable cultivation. (Source: GOOD) weide; graasweide English: pasture English definition: Land covered with grass or herbage and grazed by or suitable for grazing by livestock. (Source: CED) weken; doorweken English: soaking English definition: Absorption of liquid by a solid or a semisolid material. (Source: MGH) welvaart English: prosperity English definition: State of being prosperous; wealth or success. welzijn English: social welfare English definition: The prosperity, well-being or convenience of a community. It embraces the primary social interests of safety, order, morals, economic interest, and non material and political interests. (Source: WESTS) wendakker English: headland (farm) English definition: A strip of land left at the end of a furrow in a field in order to facilitate the turning of the plough. (Source: WHIT) wereld English: world English definition: The Earth with all its inhabitants and all things upon it. (Source: WEBSTE) wereldconventie English: global convention English definition: A worldwide assembly of national, political party or organizational delegates, or the pact or the agreement that arises from such an assembly that forms, often, the preliminary to an international treaty. (Source: BLD) Wereldmilieufonds English: Global Environment Facility English definition: An international organization established in 1990 to provide practical assistance to governments in achieving environmental improvements. The GEF is managed by the World Bank, which contributes 2/3 of its funds, the remaining 1/3 being controlled by the United Nations Development Programme. wereldstad English: metropolis English definition: A term applied loosely to any large city, but specifically to that city in a country which is the seat of government, of ecclesiastical authority, or of commercial activity. (Source: GOOD) wereldwijd aspect English: global aspect English definition: Aspects concerning the whole world considered as being closely connected by modern telecommunications and as being interdependent economically, socially and politically. (Source: CEDa) wereldwijd model English: global model English definition: Models concerning different aspects of reality which can be applied at global level. (Source: RRDA) wereldwijde opwarming English: global warming English definition: Changes in the surface-air temperature, referred to as the global temperature, brought about by the greenhouse effect which is induced by emission of greenhouse gases into the air. (Source: WRIGHT) wereldwijde web English: World Wide Web English definition: A graphical, interactive, hypertext information system that is cross-platform and can be run locally or over the global Internet. The Web consists of Web servers offering pages of information to Web browsers who view and interact with the pages. Pages can contain formatted text, background colors, graphics, as well as audio and video clips. Simple links in a Web page can cause the browser to jump to a different part of the same page or to a page on a Web server halfway around the world. Web pages can be used to send mail, read news, and download files. A Web address is called a URL. (Source: CAMER) werken buiten de spits English: off-peak working werkend bestanddeel English: functional substance English definition: A substance from the point of view of its function or purpose, for example a painting agent or a preserving substance. (Source: RRDA) werkgelegenheid English: employment English definition: The work or occupation in which a person is employed. (Source: CED) werkgelegenheid en milieu English: employment and environment English definition: Issues or initiatives pertaining to the inter-relationship between ecological concerns and the economics of employment, including sustained, environmentally safe development; the effect of environmental activism on jobs; and the creation of environmental occupations. (Source: WAE) werkgelegenheidseffect English: employment level effect English definition: The result or impact of a specific policy, action or event upon the number of working-age persons holding jobs in a specific region, nation or sector of the economy. (Source: ODE / RHW) werkgelegenheidsstructuur English: employment structure English definition: The organization and proportions of the various job types and skill levels in an enterprise or economy. (Source: LAB) werkingsduur English: persistence English definition: The capacity of a substance to remain chemically stable. This is an important factor in estimating the environmental effects of substances discharged into the environment. Certain toxic substances (e.g., cyanides) have a low persistence, whereas other less immediately toxic substances (e.g., many organochlorines) have a high persistence and may therefore produce more serious effects. (Source: ALL) werkingsduur van bestrijdingsmiddelen English: persistence of pesticides English definition: The ability of a chemical to retain its molecular integrity and hence its physical, chemical, and functional characteristics in the environment through which such a chemical may be transported and distributed for a considerable period of time. (Source: GILP96) werkloosheid English: unemployment English definition: The condition of being without remunerative employment. (Source: CED) werkorganisatie English: organisation of work English definition: The coordination or structuring of work practices and production processes in order to influence the way jobs are designed and performed in the workplace. (Source: NIO) werkplek English: workplace English definition: Any or all locations or environments where people are employed. (Source: RHW) werktijd English: working hours English definition: The time devoted to gainful employment or job-related activities, usually calculated as hours per day or per week. (Source: RHW) werktuigbouw English: mechanical industry English definition: A sector of the economy in which an aggregate of enterprises is engaged in the design, manufacture and marketing of mechanical apparatuses for commercial or industrial usage. (Source: SIC) wervelbed English: fluidised bed English definition: 1) A system for burning solid carbonaceous fuel efficiently and at a relatively low temperature, thus minimizing the emission of pollutants. The fuel is crushed to very small particles or a powder and mixed with particles of an inert material. The mixture is fed into a bed through which air is pumped vertically upwards, agitating the particles so they behave like a fluid. The forced circulation of air and the small size and separation of fuel particles ensures efficient burning.2) A bed of finely divided solid through which air or a gas is blown in a controlled manner so that it behaves as a liquid. (Source: ALL / BRACK) wervelstorm English: cyclone English definition: A storm characterized by the converging and rising giratory movement of the wind around a zone of low pressure (the eye) towards which it is violently pulled from a zone of high pressure. Its circulation is counterclockwise round the center in the northern hemisphere, clockwise in the southern hemisphere. (Source: GUNN) West-Afrika English: West Africa English definition: A geographic region of the African continent bordered in the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean, including the republics of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Cote D'ivoire, Gambie, Ghana, Guinee Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Nigeria, Sengegal, Sierra Leone and Togo. (Source: ECW) Westelijk Azie English: Western Asia English definition: A geographic region of Asia that includes Turkey, Iran and other countries of the Middle East and the Arabian peninsula. (Source: INP) Westelijk Europa English: Western Europe English definition: A geographic region of the European continent surrounded by the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, including Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and other member countries of the Western European Union. (Source: CIA) wet English: law (corpus of rules) English definition: A body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority, and having binding legal force. (Source: WESTS) wet inzake gevaarlijke goederen English: dangerous goods law wet inzake het instellen van (principeel) processen tegen of uit naam van een groep English: class action suits law English definition: Legal action initiated by a single person or a few people on behalf of a group with similar claim or claims. (Source: GILP96) wet op chemicalien English: chemicals act wet op loodgehalte in benzine English: lead-in-petrol law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to reduce or eliminate the lead content in petroleum fuels used in vehicular and other engines that pollute the air with lead-carrying exhaust. (Source: GAS) wet over hergebruik van afval English: recycling management and waste law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by government to establish and regulate provisions for the minimization of waste generation through recovery and reprocessing of re-usable products. (Source: TOE) wet van de Europese Gemeenschap English: Community law English definition: The law of European Community (as opposed to the national laws of the member states.) It consists of the treaties establishing the EC (together with subsequent amending treaties) community legislation, and decisions of the court of justice of the European Communities. Any provision of the treaties or of community legislation that is directly applicable or directly effective in a member state forms part of the law of that state and prevails over its national law in the event of any inconsistency between the two. (Source: DICLAW) wet van de natuurlijke onafhankelijkheid English: natural independence law English definition: The inviolable, moral claim of non-human organisms and their habitats to exist unharmed or unchanged by human activity as postulated by certain environmental ethicists. (Source: HRE) wetenschappelijk beleid English: scientific policy English definition: A course of action adopted and pursued by government, business or some other organization, which promotes or determines the direction for the systematic study, research and experimentation of a particular aspect of the physical or material world, which may lead to scholarly contributions in a branch of knowledge. (Source: RHW) wetenschappelijk comite English: scientific committee English definition: An organized group of persons elected or appointed to discuss scientific matters. (Source: ZINZANa) wetenschappelijk onderzoek English: scientific research English definition: Systematic investigation to establish facts or principles concerning a specific scientific subject. (Source: CEDa) wetenschappelijke discussie English: scientific dispute wetenschappelijke ecologie English: scientific ecology English definition: The study of the interrelationship among living organisms and between organisms and their environment, utilizing the methods or theories of science. (Source: DOE / APD) wetenschappelijke en technische informatie English: scientific and technical information English definition: Knowledge communicated or received pertaining to the systematic study of the physical world or to the mechanical or industrial arts. (Source: RHW) wetenschappelijke samenwerking English: scientific co-operation wetenschappen English: science English definition: The study of the physical universe and its contents by means of reproducible observations, measurements, and experiments to establish, verify, or modify general laws to explain its nature and behaviour. (Source: UVAROV) wetgevend proces English: legislative process English definition: The entire course of action necessary to bring a law, resolution or special act to an authoritative, legally binding status. (Source: RHW) wetgevende bevoegdheid English: legislative competence English definition: The skill, knowledge, qualification, capacity or authority to make, give or enact rules with binding force upon a population or jurisdiction. (Source: BLD) wetgevende macht English: legislative authority English definition: The power of a deliberative assembly of persons or delegates to bring a bill, resolution or special act to an official, legally binding status. (Source: RHW) wetgevende macht English: legislature English definition: The department, assembly, or body of persons that makes statutory laws for a state or nation. (Source: WESTS) wetgeving English: legislation English definition: The act or process of making laws. (Source: CED) wetgeving English: legislation wetgeving inzake chemische stoffen die een invloed hebben op het milieu English: environmental chemicals legislation wetgeving inzake de ruimtelijke planning English: planning law English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to organize, designate and regulate land use within its domain through zoning laws, subdivision regulations, rent and sign controls, growth management and other measures designed to protect human health and ecological integrity. (Source: PLA) wetgeving inzake kernenergie English: nuclear energy legislation wetgeving inzake vervuiling English: legislation on pollution English definition: Rules concerning the limits of pollutant emissions. (Source: DIZAMB) wetgeving inzake water(voorraden) English: water resources legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to manage and protect an area's natural water supply and waterways. (Source: DES / BLD) wetgeving met betrekking tot de natuur English: rights of nature English definition: A rule or body of rules that derives from nature and is believed to be binding upon human society, as opposed to human-made laws such as legislative acts and judicial decisions. (Source: WOR / INP) wetgeving over genetische manipulatie English: genetic engineering legislation wetgeving, normen, milieubeleidsovereenkomsten English: legislation, norms, conventions wetgevingsprocedure English: legislative procedure English definition: Any prescribed step or manner of proceeding that a law making body takes in proposing laws, resolutions or special acts before they can be enacted or passed. (Source: RHW) wetshandhaving English: law enforcement English definition: Any variety of activities associated with promoting compliance and obedience to the binding rules of a state, especially the prevention, investigation, apprehension or detention of individuals suspected or convicted of violating those rules. (Source: BLD / LLL) wetsvoorstel English: law draft English definition: The form in which proposed statutes, resolutions or special acts are introduced into a legislative body, before they are enacted or passed. (Source: RHW) wetswijziging English: law amendment English definition: An alteration of or addition to any statute with legal force that, if approved by the appropriate legislative authority, supersedes the original statute. (Source: LLL) wettekst English: legal text English definition: The exact wording or language of a law or other document in conformity with the law or having the authority of law. (Source: BLD) wettelijk voorschrift English: statutory text English definition: A document or a portion thereof expressing an official enactment of a legislative body, with emphasis on the document's precise wording or language. (Source: RHW) wettelijke ondernemingsvorm English: legal form of organisations English definition: The type, structure or purpose of an institution as arranged, required and defined by local or national laws to determine the appropriate governmental regulations, privileges and tax status applicable to that institution. (Source: BLD) wetten English: law (individual) English definition: One of the rules making up the body of law. (Source: DICLAW) wieren English: alga English definition: Simple, green, aquatic plants without stems, roots or leaves. They are among the microscopic organisms that form the start of the food chain. Algae are found floating in the sea and fresh water, but they also grow on the surface of damp walls, rocks, the bark of trees and on soil. They contain chlorophyll and other pigments that let them grow by photosynthesis. On land, algae can be useful in improving the fertility of soil by nitrogen fixation. (Source: WRIGHT) wijnbouw English: viticulture English definition: That division of horticulture concerned with grape growing, studies of grape varieties, methods of culture, and insect and disease control. (Source: MGH) wijze van voortplanting English: propagation process English definition: Process by which a disturbance at one point is propagated to another point more remote from the source with no net transport of the material of the medium itself; examples include the motion of electromagnetic waves, sound waves, hydrodynamic waves in liquids, and vibration waves in solids. (Source: MGH) wijze waarop gegevens worden vastgelegd English: data recording technique English definition: The body of specialized procedures and methods used for the preservation, collocation or registration of individual elements of information. (Source: RHW / APD) wild English: game (animals) English definition: Wild animals, including birds and fish, hunted for sport, food or profit. (Source: CED) wild dier English: wild animal English definition: Not domesticated animals living independently of man. (Source: CED) wind English: wind English definition: The motion of air relative to the earth's surface; usually means horizontal air motion, as distinguished from vertical motion. (Source: MGH) windenergie English: wind power English definition: Energy extracted from wind, traditionally in a windmill, but increasingly by more complicated designes including turbines, usually to produce electricity but also for water pumping. The power available from wind is proportional to the area swept by the rotating place and the cube of the wind velocity, but less than half the available power can be recovered. (Source: BRACK) winderosie English: wind erosion English definition: The breakdown of solid rock into smaller particles and its removal by wind. It may occur on any soil whose surface is dry, unprotected by vegetation (to bind it at root level and shelter the surface) and consists of light particles. The mechanisms include straightforward picking up of dust and soil particles by the airflow and the dislodging or abrasion of surface material by the impact of particles already airborne. (Source: ALL) windkrachtcentrale English: wind power station English definition: Power station which uses wind to drive a turbine which creates electricity. (Source: PHC) windmolen English: windmill English definition: A machine for grinding or pumping driven by a set of adjustable vanes or sails that are caused to turn by the force of the wind. (Source: CED) winkel English: shop English definition: A place, especially a small building, for the retail sale of goods and services. (Source: CED) winkelcentrum English: shopping centre English definition: Enclosed area in which there is a variety of shops. (Source: CAMB) winning English: extraction English definition: Any process by which a pure metal is obtained from its ore. (Source: UVAROV) winst English: profit English definition: An excess of the receipts over the spending, costs and expenses of a business or other commercial entity during any period. (Source: ODE) wintersportoord English: winter sports resort English definition: Resort where sports held in the open air on snow or ice, especially skiing are practiced. (Source: CEDa) wiskundige analyse English: mathematical analysis English definition: The branch of mathematics most explicitly concerned with the limit process or the concept of convergence; includes the theories of differentiation, integration and measure, infinite series, and analytic functions. (Source: MGH) wiskundige methode English: mathematical method wisselwerking English: combination effect English definition: A combined effect of two or more substances or organisms which is greater than the sum of the individual effect of each. (Source: KOREN) wisselwerking van bestrijdingsmiddelen English: interaction of pesticides English definition: The enhancement of activity of pesticides when they are used in combination with others. (Source: PARCOR) woestijn English: desert English definition: A wide, open, comparatively barren tract of land with few forms of life and little rainfall. (Source: MGH) woestijnklimaat English: desert climate English definition: A climate type which is characterized by insufficient moisture to support appreciable plant life; that is, a climate of extreme aridity. (Source: MGH) woestijnsprinkhaan English: desert locust woestijnvorming English: desertification English definition: 1) The development of desert conditions as a result of human activity or climatic changes.2) The process of land damage which allows the soil to spread like a desert in arid and semi-arid regions. There is a loss of vegetative cover and the soil deteriorates in texture, nutrient content and fertility. Desertification affects the lives of three-quarters of the world's population, 70% of all drylands and one quarter of the total land area of the planet. There are many reasons for desertification, but the majority are caused by human activities, overgrazing, deforestation, poor land management and over-exploitation. Agenda 21 states that the priority in combating desertification should be establishing preventive measures for lands that are not yet, or are only slightly, degraded. (Source: LBC / WRIGHT) wol English: wool English definition: A textile fiber made from raw wool characterized by absorbency, resiliency and insulation. (Source: MGH) wolk English: cloud English definition: Suspensions of minute water droplets or ice crystals produced by the condensation of water vapour. (Source: ZINZAN) woning English: dwelling English definition: Any enclosed space wholly or partially used or intended to be used for living, sleeping, cooking, and eating. (Source: KOREN) woningbouw English: residential building English definition: A building allocated for residence. (Source: CED) woningdichtheid English: housing density English definition: The number of dwelling units or the residential population of a given geographic area. (Source: MIB) woningnood English: housing need woningverbetering English: housing improvement English definition: An addition, renovation or repair to a place of residence that increases its aesthetic, functional or financial value. (Source: RHW) woningwetgeving English: housing legislation English definition: A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to regulate the buying, selling, leasing, construction or maintenance of dwelling places. (Source: BLD) woonerf English: residential area with traffic calmings English definition: Residential zones where raised areas are built across roads so that vehicles are forced to move more slowly along it. (Source: CAMB) woongebied in het platteland English: rural habitat English definition: The biotopes located in areas where agriculture is practiced. (Source: RAMADE) woon-werkverkeer English: commuter traffic English definition: Traffic caused by people travelling regularly over some distance, as between a suburb and a city and back, between their place of residence and their place of work. woonwijk English: residential area English definition: Area that has only private houses, not offices and factories. (Source: CAMB) woordenboek English: dictionary English definition: A reference book containing an explanatory alphabetical list of words, as a book listing a comprehensive or restricted selection of the words of a language; identifying usually, the phonetic, grammatical, and semantic value of each word, often with etymology, citations, and usage guidance and other information. (Source: RHW / ISEP) woordenboek English: lexicon English definition: The vocabulary of a particular sphere of activity, region, social class or individual, or the total set of morphemes or meaningful units of a language and its words. (Source: OED) woordenlijst English: vocabulary English definition: A list of words or phrases of a language, technical field or some specialized area, usually arranged in alphabetical order and often provided with brief definitions and with foreign translations. (Source: RHW) wortel English: root English definition: The absorbing and anchoring organ of a vascular plant; it bears neither leaves nor flowers and is usually subterranean. (Source: MGH) wortel- en knolgewas English: root crop English definition: Plants which store edible material in a root, corm or tuber; root crops used as food vegetables or fodder include carrots, parsnips, swedes and turnips; starchy root crops include potatoes, cassavas and yams. (Source: PHC) wortelboom English: mangrove English definition: Plant communities and trees that inhabit tidal swamps, muddy silt, and sand banks at the mouths of rivers and other low-lying areas which are regularly inundated by the sea, but which are protected from strong waves and currents. Mangroves are the only woody species that will grow where the land is periodically flooded with sea water; individual species have adapted themselves to different tidal levels, to various degrees of salinity, and to the nature of the mud or soil. Mangrove swamps and thickets support hundreds of terrestrial, marine, and amphibian species; have a special role in supporting estuarine fisheries; provide shelter, refuge and food for many forms of wildlife. (Source: GILP96) wortelboommoeras English: mangrove swamp English definition: A wet, spongy area of land in tropical climates and along coastal regions that is dominated by mangrove trees and shrubs, particularly red mangroves (Rhizophora), black mangroves (Avicennia) and white mangroves (Laguncularia). (Source: FFD) woudgebied in de gematigde klimaatzone English: temperate woodland English definition: Forest dominated by broad-leaved hardwoods, which occurs over large tracts in the mid-latitudes of Europe, N. America, and eastern Asia, but which is restricted in the southern hemisphere to Chilean Patagonia. (Source: ALL2) wrak English: wreck English definition: The hulk of a wrecked or stranded ship; a ship dashed against rocks or land and broken or otherwise rendered useless. (Source: ISEP) xenobiotische stof English: xenobiotic substance English definition: A substance which would not normally be found in a given environment, and usually means a toxic chemical which is entirely artificial, such as a chlorinated aromatic compound or an organomercury compound. (Source: BIOTAZ) zaad English: seed (biology) English definition: A mature fertilized plant ovule, consisting of an embryo and its food store surrounded by a protective seed coat (testa). (Source: CED) zaadplanten English: flowering plant English definition: Plants capable of producing conspicuous flowers. (Source: CED) zaagsel English: sawdust English definition: Wood fragments made by a saw in cutting. (Source: MGH) zaaizaad English: seed (product) English definition: A fertilized ovule containing an embryo which forms a new plant upon germination. (Source: MGH) zakelijk verkeer English: commercial traffic English definition: The operations and movements related to the transportation and exchange of goods. (Source: RRDA) zakelijke activiteit English: business activity English definition: Any profit-seeking undertaking or venture that involves the production, sale and purchase of goods or services. (Source: RHW) zakenwereld English: business English definition: The activity, position or site associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood. (Source: West's / RHW) zand English: sand English definition: A loose material consisting of small mineral particles, or rock and mineral particles, distinguishable by the naked eye; grains vary from almost spherical to angular, with a diameter range from 1/16 to 2 millimeters. (Source: MGH) zandbankontginning English: sea bed mining English definition: The activity or processes involving the extraction of mineral deposits from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor. (Source: MLM) zandduin; duin English: sand dune; dune English definition: An accumulation of loose sand heaped up by the wind, commonly found along low-lying seashores above high-tide level, more rarely on the border of large lakes or river valleys, as well as in various desert regions, where there is abundant dry surface sand during some part of the year. (Source: BJGEO) zandgroeve English: sand pit English definition: A place where sand is extracted from the ground. (Source: PHC) zandplaat English: sand flat English definition: A sandy tidal flat barren of vegetation. A tidal flat is an extensive, nearly horizontal, marshy or barren tract of land that is alternately covered and uncovered by the tide, and consisting of unconsolidated sediment (mostly mud and sand). It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit. (Source: BJGEO) zandwinning English: sand extraction English definition: The extraction of sand by mining for building purposes and for the extraction of heavy minerals such as rutile and zircon. (Source: GILP96) zangvogel English: songbird English definition: Any passerine bird of the suborder Oscines, having highly developed vocal organs and, in most, a music call. (Source: CED) zee English: sea English definition: 1) In general, the marine section of the globe as opposed to that of the land. 2) The name given to a body of salt water smaller than an ocean and generally in proximity to a continent. (Source: WHIT) zeebodem English: benthos English definition: Those organisms attached to, living on, in or near the sea bed, river bed or lake floor. (Source: LBC) zeebodem English: sea bed English definition: The bottom of the ocean. Also known as sea floor; sea bottom. The ocean floor is defined as the near-horizontal surface of the ocean basin. (Source: MGH) zeegolven English: sea wave English definition: A moving ridge or swell of water occurring close to the surface of the sea, characterized by oscillating and rising and falling movements, often as a result of the frictional drag of the wind. (Source: OED / INP) zeegrasbed English: sea grass bed English definition: Seaweeds communities formed by green, brown and red macroscopic algae and by sea phanerogams such as Posidonia oceanica and Zostera noltii, etc. (Source: PARCORa) zeekaart English: chart (nautical) English definition: A map for navigation that delineates a portion of the sea, indicating the outline of the coasts and the position of rocks, sandbanks and other parts of a sea. (Source: OED) zeenavigatie English: maritime navigation English definition: Travelling on the sea by means of boats, ships, etc. (Source: CEDa) zeep English: soap English definition: A cleansing agent, manufactured in bars, granules, flakes, or liquid form, made from a mixture of the sodium salts of various fatty acids of natural oils and fats. (Source: AMHER) zeerecht English: maritime law English definition: That system of law which particularly relates to marine commerce and navigation, to business transacted at sea or relating to navigation, to ships and shipping, to seamen, to the transportation of persons and property by sea, and to marine affairs generally. (Source: BLACK) zeeroofdieren English: pinniped English definition: Belonging to the Pinnipedia, an order of aquatic placental mammals having a streamlined body and limbs specialized as flippers: includes seals, sea lions, and the walrus. (Source: CED) zeeschatten English: sea resource English definition: Marine resources include food, energy and minerals. (Source: PARCOR) zeespiegel English: sea level English definition: The level of the surface of the ocean; especially, the mean level halfway between high and low tide, used as a standard in reckoning land elevation or sea depths. (Source: MGH) zeespiegelstijging English: sea level rise English definition: Sea-level rises are a possible consequence of global warming. As the amount of free water in the oceans increases, and as the water becomes warmer, global warming will increase. In addition, according to theory, the heating at the poles may reduce the amount of water trapped in glaciers and ice caps. (Source: WRIGHT) zeestroming English: sea circulation English definition: Large-scale horizontal water motion within an ocean. The way energy from the sun, stored in the sea, is transported around the world. The currents explain, for example, why the UK has ice-free ports in winter, while St. Petersburg, at the same latitude as the Shetland Islands, needs ice breakers. Evidence is growing that the world's ocean circulation was very different during the last ice age and has changed several times in the distant past, with dramatic effects on climate. The oceans are vital as storehouses, as they absorb more than half the sun's heat reaching the earth. This heat, which is primarily absorbed near the equator is carried around the world and released elsewhere, creating currents which last up to 1.000 years. As the Earth rotates and the wind acts upon the surface, currents carry warm tropical water to the cooler parts of the world. The strength and direction of the currents are affected by landmasses, bottlenecks through narrow straits, and even the shape of the sea-bed. When the warm water reaches polar regions its heat evaporates into the atmosphere, reducing its temperature and increasing its density. When sea-water freezes it leaves salt behind in the unfrozen water and this cold water sinks into the ocean and begins to flow back to the tropics. Eventually it is heated and begins the cycle all over again. (Source: MGH / WRIGHT) zeevervoer English: maritime transport English definition: Transportation of goods or persons by means of ships travelling on the sea. (Source: CEDa) zeevervuiling English: marine pollution English definition: Any detrimental alteration of the marine environment caused by the intentional or accidental release of dangerous or toxic substances, such as industrial, commercial and urban waste water. (Source: GREMESa) zeevisserij English: marine fishery English definition: The harvest of animals and plants from the ocean to provide food and recreation for people, food for animals, and a variety of organic materials for industry. (Source: PARCOR) zeevisserij English: open sea fishing English definition: Fishing in the deepest parts of the sea. (Source: PHC) zeewater English: sea water English definition: Aqueous solution of salts in more or less constant ratio, whose composition depends on several factors among which predominate living organisms, detrital sedimentation and the related chemical reactions. Sea-water accounts for more than 98% of the mass of the hydrosphere and covers just over 70% of the globe. Because of the composition and stability of the oceans, and the way they are controlled, they are of great importance to the climate, and great attention has been given to studying the effects of pollution. Man's activities are believed to be accelerating the change in the composition of sea-water. (Source: DODERO / WRIGHT) zeewatercultuur English: mariculture English definition: Cultivation of marine organisms in their natural habitats, usually for commercial purposes. (Source: AMHER) zeldzame soorten English: rare species English definition: Species which have a restricted world range. (Source: UNUN) zelfcontrole English: self-monitoring zelfhulpprogramma English: self-help programme English definition: A series of steps or a system of services or activities designed to enable an individual to help or improve one's self without depending on the aid of others. (Source: WOR) zelfreiniging English: self-purification English definition: A natural process of organic degradation that produces nutrients utilized by autotrophic organisms. (Source: LBC) zenuwstelsel English: nervous system English definition: A coordinating and integrating system which functions in the adaptation of an organism to its environment; in vertebrates, the system consists of the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, cranial and peripheral nerves, and ganglia. (Source: MGH) zetmeel English: starch English definition: A polysaccharide which is a combination of many monosaccharide molecules, made during photosynthesis and stored as starch grains in many plants. (Source: ALL) zeven English: sieving English definition: The size distribution of solid particles on a series of standard sieves of decreasing size, expressed as a weight percent. (Source: MGH) zich verzekeren van grondstoffen English: raw material securing English definition: Measures used to ensure the provision of or the access to crude, unprocessed or partially processed materials used as feedstock for processing or manufacturing. (Source: RHWa / MHD) zichtbaar bloeiende planten English: phanerogam English definition: Plants that produce seeds. The group comprises the Gymnospermae and the Angiospermae. (Source: ALL) ziekenhuis English: hospital English definition: A place where people who are ill or injured are treated and taken care of by doctors and nurses. (Source: CAMB) ziekenhuisafval English: hospital waste English definition: Solid waste, both biological and non-biological, produced by hospitals and discarded and not intended for further use. (Source: SHG) ziekte van Chagas English: Chagas' disease English definition: A form of trypanosomiasis found in South America, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, characterized by fever and often inflammation of the hearth muscle. (Source: CED) ziektekiem English: germ English definition: 1) A pathogenic micro-organism.2) Living substance capable of developing into an organ, part, or organism as a whole; a primordium. ziekten English: disease English definition: A definite pathological process having a characteristic set of signs and symptoms which are detrimental to the well-being of the individual. (Source: KOREN) ziekteoorzaak English: disease cause ziekteoverbrenger; mensenziekteoverbrenger; mensenziekteoverbrengers English: vector of human diseases; disease vector; human disease vector English definition: An agent or organism that acts as a carrier or transmitter of a human illness. (Source: RHW) ziektesymptoom English: clinical symptom English definition: Any objective evidence of disease or of a patient's condition founded on clinical observation. (Source: RRDA) ziekteverschijnselen English: sick building syndrome English definition: A set of symptoms, including headaches, fatigue, eye irritation, and dizziness, typically affecting workers in modern airtight office buildings and thought to be caused by indoor pollutants, such as formaldehyde fumes, particulate matter, microorganisms, etc. (Source: MED) zilver English: silver English definition: A very ductile malleable brilliant greyish-white element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal. It occurs free and in argentite and other ores: used in jewellery, tableware, coinage, electrical contacts, and in electroplating. Its compounds are used in photography. (Source: CED) zindelijkheid [hygiene] English: cleanliness (hygiene) English definition: The state of being clean and keeping healthy conditions. (Source: PHCa) zink English: zinc English definition: A brittle bluish-white metallic element that becomes coated with a corrosion-resistant layer in moist air and occurs chiefly in sphalerite and smithsonite. It is a constituent of several alloys, especially brass and nickel-silver, and is used in die-casting, galvanizing metals, and in battery electrodes. (Source: CED) zoetstof English: sweetener English definition: A sweetening agent, especially one that does not contain sugar. (Source: CED) zoetwater English: freshwater English definition: Water having a relatively low mineral content, generally less than 500 mg/l of dissolved solids. (Source: LANDY) zoetwaterbescherming English: freshwater conservation English definition: Controlled utilization, protection or improvement of a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river. (Source: APD) zoetwaterbiologie English: freshwater biology English definition: The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river. (Source: WOR / APD) zoetwaterdegradatie English: freshwater degradation English definition: Pollution immediately or eventually involves the hydrological cycle of the earth, because even pollutants emitted into the air and those present in the soil are washed out by precipitation. Water is considered polluted when it is altered in composition or condition so that it becomes less suitable for any or all of the functions and purposes for which it would be suitable in its natural state. This definition includes changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water, or such discharges of liquid, gaseous or solid substances into water as will or are likely to create nuisances or render such water harmful to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, fish or other aquatic life. It also includes changes in temperatures, due to the discharge of hot water. (Source: WPR) zoetwaterecosysteem English: freshwater ecosystem English definition: The living organisms and nonliving materials of an inland aquatic environment. (Source: MGH) zoetwatermeting English: freshwater monitoring zoetwaterorganisme English: freshwater organism English definition: Organisms which live in freshwater. (Source: PHC) zoetwatervervuiling English: freshwater pollution English definition: The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of freshwater. (Source: Landy) zoetwatervoorraden English: freshwater resource English definition: The network of rivers, lakes, and other surface waters that supply water for food production and other essential human systems. (Source: ENVNEL) zon(ne)verwarming English: solar heating English definition: A domestic or industrial heating system that makes direct use of solar energy. The simplest form consists of a collector through which a fluid is pumped. The circuit also contains some form of heat storage tank and an alternative energy source to provide energy when the sun is not shining. The collector usually consists of a black surface through which water is piped, the black surface being enclosed behind glass sheets to make use of the greenhouse effect. (Source: UVAROV) zone die valt onder een recht van voorkoop English: pre-emption zone English definition: Areas that are subject to the pre-emption right which is a privilege accorded by the government to the actual settler upon a certain limited portion of the public domain, to purchase such tract at a fixed price to the exclusion of all other applicants. (Source: BLACKa) zonering English: zoning English definition: Designation and reservation under a master plan of land use for light and heavy industry, dwellings, offices, and other buildings; use is enforced by restrictions on types of buildings in each zone. (Source: MGH) zonnecel English: solar cell English definition: A device for converting sunlight into electrical power using a semiconductor sensitive to the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are used on space satellites to power electronic equipment, and as their price falls they may come to be used to provide energy on the Earth. (Source: ALL) zonnecollector English: solar collector English definition: Device which converts the energy from light into electricity. The collector system contains a concentrator and a receiver. The concentrator redirects and focuses sunlight on the receiver by using mirrors or lenses, and the receiver absorbs solar radiation and converts it to heat. (Source: PHC / PARCOR) zonne-energie English: solar energy English definition: The energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The most successful examples of energy extraction from the sun are so far solar cells used in satellites and solar collectors used to heat water. (Source: MGH / ALL) zonne-energietechnologie English: solar energy technology English definition: Solar energy can be converted to useful work or heat by using a collector to absorb solar radiation, allowing much of the sun's radiant energy to be converted to heat. This heat can be used directly in residential, industrial, and agricultural operations; converted to mechanical or electrical power; or applied in chemical reactions for production of fuels and chemicals. (Source: PARCOR) zonnekrachtcentrale English: solar power station English definition: Plant where energy is generated using radiation from the sun. (Source: PHC) zonnestraling English: solar radiation English definition: The electromagnetic radiation and particles emitted by the sun. (Source: MGH) zoogdieren English: mammal English definition: Any animal of the Mammalia, a large class of warm-blooded vertebrates having mammary glands in the female, a thoracic diaphragm, and a four-chambered heart. The class includes the whales, carnivores, rodents, bats, primates, etc. (Source: CED) zoolgangers English: plantigrade English definition: Pertaining to mammals walking with the whole sole of the foot touching the ground. (Source: MGH) zoologie English: zoology English definition: The study of animals, including their classification, structure, physiology, and history. (Source: CED) zoonosis English: zoonosis English definition: Diseases which are biologically adapted to and normally found in animals but which under some conditions also infect man. (Source: MGH) zorginstelling; gezondheidszorginstelling English: health facility English definition: A facility or location where medical, dental, surgical, or nursing attention or treatment is provided to humans or animals. (Source: KOREN) zout water English: salt water English definition: Water of the seas, distinguished by high salinity. (Source: MGH) zouten English: salt English definition: The reaction product when a metal displaces the hydrogen of an acid. (Source: MGH) zoutgehalte English: salt content English definition: Amount of salt contained in a solution. (Source: MGH) zoutgehalte van de bodem English: soil salinity English definition: Measurement of the quantity of mineral salts found in a soil. Many semi-arid and arid areas are naturally salty. By definition they are areas of substantial water deficit where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation. Thus, whereas in humid areas there is sufficient water to percolate through the soil and to leach soluble materials from the soil and the rocks into the rivers and hence into the sea, in deserts this is not the case. Salts therefore tend to accumulate. (Source: PHC / GOUD) zoutgehalte van het water English: water salinity English definition: The degree of dissolved salts in water measured by weight in parts per thousand. (Source: KOREN) zoutkoepel English: salt plug English definition: A mass of salt which is injected as a diapir (a dome in which the overlying rocks have been ruptured by the squeezing-out of plastic core material) into overlying sedimentary rocks, thereby piercing and deforming them. The mechanism is similar to that of an intrusive magma, with the salt deforming and behaving plastically under pressure. It is of great economic importance because it assists in the formation of a 'trap' structure for oil accumulation, in addition to its associated deposits of anhydrite, gypsum and sulphur. (Source: BJGEO / WHIT) zoutlading English: salt load zoutmeer English: salina English definition: A place where crystalline salt deposits are formed or found, such as a salt flat or pan, a salada, or a salt lick. (Source: BJGEO) zoutmoeras English: salt marsh English definition: Areas of brackish, shallow water usually found in coastal areas and in deltas. There are also inland marshes in arid areas where the water has a high salt level because of evaporation. They are environmentally delicate areas, extremely vulnerable to pollution by industrial or agricultural chemicals, or to thermal pollution, which often results when river water has been used as the coolant in power stations and industrial plants. (Source: WRIGHT) zoutwinning English: salination English definition: The accumulation of soluble salts by evaporation of the waters that bore them to the soil zone, in a soil of an arid, poorly drained region. (Source: BJGEO) zoutzuur English: hydrochloric acid English definition: A solution of hydrogen chloride gas in water; a poisonous, pungent liquid forming a constant-boiling mixture at 20% concentration in water; widely used as a reagent, in organic synthesis, in acidizing oil wells, ore reduction, food processing, and metal cleaning and pickling. Also known as muriatic acid. (Source: MGH) Zuid-Amerika English: South America English definition: A continent in the southern part of the western hemisphere, astride the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn, bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north and between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama, and divided into twelve countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela. (Source: RHW) Zuidelijk Afrika English: Southern Africa English definition: A geographic region of the African continent astride the Tropic of Capricorn, including Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and also the Kalahari Desert, Zambezi River and Orange River. (Source: AFR) Zuidelijk Azie English: Southern Asia English definition: A geographic region of the Asian continent bordered in the north by the countries of Central Asia and in the south by the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, extending westward into Iran and eastward into China, including Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma, Bhutan and Sri Lanka. (Source: RHW / SAR) Zuidelijke Atlantische Oceaan English: South Atlantic Ocean English definition: An ocean south of the equator between the eastern coast of South America and the western coast of Africa that extends southward to the Antarctic continent, including the Drake Passage, South Sandwich Islands and Falkand Islands. (Source: INP) Zuidelijke Stille Oceaan English: South Pacific Ocean English definition: An ocean south of the equator between Southeast Asia and Australia in the Eastern hemisphere and South America in the Western hemisphere, extending southward to the Antarctic region, including the Tasman and Coral seas and numerous islands, such as Galapagos, Solomon, Easter, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga islands, and also New Zealand and its islands. (Source: INP) Zuid-Oost Azie English: Southeast Asia English definition: A geographic region of continental Asia, south of China, west of the South Pacific Ocean, north of the Indian Ocean, and east of the Bay of Bengal and the Indian subcontinent, including the Indochina Peninsula, the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos, and countries such as Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. (Source: INP) zuigeling English: infant English definition: A young child in the first years of life. (Source: ISEP) zuivelindustrie English: dairy industry English definition: Production of food made from milk or milk products. (Source: MGH) zuivelproduct English: dairy product English definition: Products derived from milk, such as butter, cheese, lactose, etc. (Source: CED) zuiverend vermogen English: purifying power English definition: Regenerative capacity of a system, of soils, water, etc. (Source: ECHO2) zuivering English: purification English definition: The removal of unwanted constituents from a substance. (Source: MGH) zuivering door de grond English: purification through the soil English definition: The act or process in which a section of the ground is freed from pollution or any type of contamination, often through natural processes. (Source: RHW) zuivering van rookgassen English: waste air purification (gas) zuiveringsinstallatie English: purification facility English definition: Equipment for the removal of impurities and unwanted constituents from a medium. (Source: PHC) zuiveringsinstallatie English: purification plant English definition: Installation where impurities are removed from waste water. (Source: PHC) zuiveringsrest English: treatment residue English definition: Material left over from the treatment of any type of waste. (Source: DEE) zure neerslag English: acid deposition English definition: A type of pollution which washes out of the atmosphere as dilute sulphuric and nitric acids. It tends to be a regional rather than a global phenomenon, linked to particular industrial activities and meteorological conditions. It includes rain, more than normally acidic snow, mist, sleet, fog, gas and dry particles. It upsets the balance of nature, disrupting ecosystems, and destroys forests and woodlands, plants and crops; kills aquatic life by altering the chemical balance of lakes and rivers and corrodes building materials and fabrics. The pollutants are caused principally by discharges from power station chimneys of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides released by burning fossil fuels, coal and oil. (Source: WRIGHT) zure regen English: acid rain English definition: Rain having a pH less than 5.6. The acidity results from chemical reactions occurring when water, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, generally released by industrial processes, are chemically transformed into sulphuric and nitric acids. (Source: DUNSTE) zuren English: acid English definition: A compound capable of transferring a hydrogen ion in solution. (Source: MGH) zuurstof English: oxygen English definition: A gaseous chemical element; an essential element in cellular respiration and in combustion processes; the most abundant element in the earth's crust and about 20% of the air by volume. (Source: MGH) zuurstofgehalte English: oxygen content English definition: Amount of oxygen contained in a solution. (Source: MGHa) zuurstoftekort English: oxygen deficiency zuurstoftoevoer English: oxygenation English definition: Treating with oxygen. (Source: MGHa) zuurtegraad English: acidity degree English definition: The amount of acid present in a solution, often expressed in terms of pH. (Source: CEDa) zuurtegraad English: acidity English definition: The state of being acid that is of being capable of transferring a hydrogen ion in solution. (Source: MGHa) zuurtegraad English: pH-value zwaar ongeluk English: major accident English definition: An unexpected occurrence, failure or loss beyond normal or specified levels with the potential for harming human life, property or the environment. (Source: TOE / HMD) zware metalen English: heavy metal English definition: A metal whose specific gravity is approximately 5.0 or higher. (Source: MGH) Zwarte Zee English: Black Sea zwavel English: sulphur English definition: A nonmetallic element existing in a crystalline or amorphous form and in four stable isotopes; used as a chemical intermediate and fungicide, and in rubber vulcanization. It is deposited from volcanic vents and fumaroles and also is found in sedimentary rocks, particularly with gypsum and limestone, and associated with salt-domes. Native sulphur is the main source of sulphur for the sulphuric acid industry, followed by sour gas (natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide) and pyrite. Sulphur is an essential plant macronutrient. (Source: MGH / ALL) zwaveldioxide English: sulphur dioxide English definition: Emissions of the gas given off during the burning of fossil fuels in power stations and other boilers. Sulphur dioxide is created because sulphur is an impurity in most coal and oils. When the fuel is burned the hot sulphur reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulphur dioxide. (Source: WRIGHT) zwavelgehalte English: sulphur concentration English definition: Sulphur content in a solution. (Source: MGH) zwavelmonoxide English: sulphur monoxide English definition: A gas at ordinary temperatures; produces an orange-red deposit when cooled to temperatures of liquid air; prepared by passing an electric discharge through a mixture of sulfur vapor and sulfur dioxide at low temperature. (Source: MGH) zwaveloxide English: sulphur oxide English definition: An oxide of sulphur, such as sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide; they are formed primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels; major air pollutants and cause of damage to the respiratory tract as well as vegetation. (Source: MGH / KOREN) zwavelwaterstof English: hydrogen sulphide English definition: Flammable, poisonous gas with characteristic odour of rotten eggs, perceptible in air in a dilution of 0.002 mg/l. It is used as a reagent in chemical analysis; extremely hazardous; collapse, coma and death from respiratory failure may come within a few seconds after one or two inspirations; low concentrations produce irritation of conjunctiva and mucous membranes. Headache, dizziness, nausea, lassitude may appear after exposure. (Source: MGH / INDMER) zwavelzuur English: sulphuric acid English definition: A toxic, corrosive, strongly acid, colorless liquid that is miscible with water and dissolves most metals, and melts at 10C; used in industry in the manufacture of chemicals, fertilizers and explosives, and in petroleum refining. (Source: MGH) zwemwater (algemeen) English: bathing water English definition: All waters, inland or coastal, except those intended for therapeutic purposes or used in swimming pools, an area either in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. (Source: GILP96) zwemwater (zoet) English: bathing freshwater English definition: Freshwater in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. (Source: GILP96a) zwemwater (zout) English: bathing seawater English definition: Sea waters in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters. (Source: GILP96a) zwerflandbouw English: shifting cultivation English definition: Agricultural practice using the rotation of fields rather than crops, short cropping periods followed by long fallows and the maintenance of fertility by the regeneration of vegetation. (Source: PHC) zwerflandbouw English: slash and burn culture English definition: A traditional farming system that has been used by generations of farmers in tropical forests and the savannah of north and east Africa. It is known to be an ecologically sound form of cultivation, and because the soil is poor in tropical rain forests it is a sustainable method of farming. It is still practised today, primarily in the developing countries. Small areas of bush or forests are cleared and the smaller trees burned. This unlocks the nutrients in the vegetation and gives the soil fertilizer that is easily taken up by plants. A few years later the soil is degraded and the farmer moves on to do the same at another site. The original ground is left fallow for anything up to 20 years so that the forest can regenerate. With the growth in population and in the subsequent need for more farming land to produce food, the method is increasingly being used today to clear large areas of tropical forests for cattle ranching, and in most cases the ground is not left fallow for long enough and, with modern mechanized farming systems, not enough tree stumps or suitable habitats for plant life are left to start the regeneration process. (Source: WRIGHT) zwevende stof English: suspended matter English definition: Matter suspended in a fluid by the upward components of turbulent currents or by colloidal suspension. (Source: DUNSTE)